1 00:00:01,680 --> 00:00:05,040 Hey parents, welcome back to Orbit 1 Favor to ask. 2 00:00:05,360 --> 00:00:08,320 Could you leave us a review on Spotify or Apple Podcasts? 3 00:00:08,600 --> 00:00:12,200 It helps other parents know that Orbit is safe, fun, and valuable 4 00:00:12,200 --> 00:00:13,960 for their families. Thank you. 5 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:31,400 Now let's get into the episode. Who goes there? 6 00:00:32,840 --> 00:00:36,200 Oh, hey there, orbiters. Sorry you had to see that. 7 00:00:36,760 --> 00:00:39,040 I was sound asleep. And my favorite axle waddle 8 00:00:39,040 --> 00:00:41,800 pajama pants snuggled up with my dog Hank. 9 00:00:42,160 --> 00:00:45,520 And my favorite stuffed animal, a squishy rabbit named Sir 10 00:00:45,520 --> 00:00:49,120 Fluffington the 4th. Whatever you do, don't ask Hank 11 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:52,200 what happened to Sir Fluffington the first, second, and third. 12 00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:57,960 You know, right before I woke up, I was having the weirdest 13 00:00:57,960 --> 00:01:00,280 dream. I dreamed I was floating through 14 00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:04,200 space in a giant bubble bath wearing a scuba suit. 15 00:01:04,840 --> 00:01:07,600 The rubber duckies were astronauts giving me directions. 16 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:10,480 For some reason one of them kept shouting. 17 00:01:11,160 --> 00:01:18,120 To Infinity and scrub. Beyond Anyways, there's a lot I 18 00:01:18,120 --> 00:01:21,680 don't understand about dreams and about sleep and about 19 00:01:21,680 --> 00:01:24,800 astronaut rubber duckies. You orbiters have some pretty 20 00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:29,960 interesting questions too. What happened to the and we are 21 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:33,160 sleeping? Why do we sleep, why do we 22 00:01:33,160 --> 00:01:37,800 dream, and why do some dreams get like kind of scary and bad? 23 00:01:38,200 --> 00:01:40,600 And we have just the expert to help us out. 24 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:44,800 We're joined by Doctor Danny, who is a pediatric neurologist 25 00:01:44,800 --> 00:01:48,480 at Texas Children's Hospital. That's a fancy way of saying 26 00:01:48,480 --> 00:01:51,920 he's a medical Doctor Who knows a lot about children's brains. 27 00:01:52,240 --> 00:01:54,520 We'll meet Doctor Danny in a few minutes. 28 00:01:54,800 --> 00:01:57,680 But first, let's check in with our pal Milam. 29 00:02:01,720 --> 00:02:06,080 Mr. Milam, here we go. Welcome back to orbit. 30 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:14,400 Mr. Milam is doing karate moves. Milam, are you in karate? 31 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:16,280 I was in karate class when I was 2. 32 00:02:16,760 --> 00:02:20,040 Oh, you were you were a martial artist when you were two, but 33 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:22,760 not anymore. Hey Milam, what's been what's 34 00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:27,320 been going on lately in life? I learned how to make Mac and 35 00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:30,320 cheese. Wow, this sounds very 36 00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:33,960 sophisticated. So Milam is officially a chef? 37 00:02:34,160 --> 00:02:36,160 How do you make Mac and cheese? Teach me. 38 00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:45,560 You boil water and then get add pasta and then drain it and add 39 00:02:45,560 --> 00:02:50,880 buttermilk and cheese and then add back in the pasta. 40 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:55,080 Oh very interesting. Was this your first time making 41 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:56,680 Mac and cheese? No. 42 00:02:57,080 --> 00:02:59,680 No, you've done this. You're like, you're a Mac and 43 00:02:59,680 --> 00:03:01,200 cheese expert. Yes. 44 00:03:01,720 --> 00:03:04,920 Can you imagine opening a Mac and cheese restaurant? 45 00:03:04,960 --> 00:03:07,120 No. What are some What are some 46 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:09,800 weird ingredients that we can put in Mac and cheese? 47 00:03:10,720 --> 00:03:13,240 Bacon. OK, bacon inch worms. 48 00:03:14,200 --> 00:03:16,640 Inch worms. That is a weird ingredient. 49 00:03:17,920 --> 00:03:19,880 What are what are some other weird ingredients? 50 00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:22,360 We could put pineapple. Pepperoni. 51 00:03:22,720 --> 00:03:24,920 Oh, pepperoni kind of sounds good. 52 00:03:25,120 --> 00:03:30,640 What about anchovies or tuna? That would be weird. 53 00:03:31,120 --> 00:03:32,480 Stinky socks. Stinky. 54 00:03:32,480 --> 00:03:34,000 Socks. Stinky socks. 55 00:03:36,440 --> 00:03:40,880 OK, so we're going to put myelom stinky socks and inchworms and 56 00:03:40,880 --> 00:03:44,120 pepperoni and and your Mac and cheese. 57 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:46,760 Yucky. Yucky, yucky. 58 00:03:48,680 --> 00:03:53,360 What's the single most delicious part of Mac and cheese? 59 00:03:54,520 --> 00:04:00,880 All of it. It's like a it's like a cheese 60 00:04:00,880 --> 00:04:03,120 flavor explosion in your mouth, Yes. 61 00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:08,120 I love. It and what kinds of noodles do 62 00:04:08,120 --> 00:04:11,080 you use the little macaroni noodles or are these like 63 00:04:11,080 --> 00:04:12,600 spaghetti? I like spaghetti. 64 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:16,880 Spaghetti Mac and. Cheese because I think it tastes 65 00:04:16,880 --> 00:04:20,120 better whenever it's something weird to make Mac and cheese 66 00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:24,520 with. Oh, so my love has essentially 67 00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:28,560 cheesy spaghetti with pepperoni and bacon. 68 00:04:29,320 --> 00:04:33,240 So. Well, I can't. 69 00:04:33,240 --> 00:04:37,920 I can't wait to try it. Hey Milam, Well today we are 70 00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:41,000 going to talk with Doctor Danny about our brain and body when we 71 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:42,520 sleep. What do you think about that 72 00:04:42,520 --> 00:04:44,280 topic? I think it's good because I 73 00:04:44,280 --> 00:04:46,720 don't know much about it. What are some of the questions 74 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:51,360 that you have? What is my brain doing when I'm 75 00:04:51,360 --> 00:04:52,720 asleep? Yeah. 76 00:04:52,760 --> 00:04:54,400 What do you think? What do you think your brain is 77 00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:56,560 doing? Making up the dreams. 78 00:04:56,840 --> 00:04:59,880 Yeah, it's probably like thinking about things. 79 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:02,080 Anything else that you want to learn about dreaming? 80 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:05,720 Have you sleepwalk? That's a great question and 81 00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:08,000 we're definitely going to learn about that. 82 00:05:08,320 --> 00:05:12,720 Well, hey, Doctor Danny is from Texas Children's Hospital. 83 00:05:12,800 --> 00:05:15,120 You want to welcome Doctor Danny to the podcast. 84 00:05:15,520 --> 00:05:18,120 Hi Doctor Danny, welcome to orbit. 85 00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:24,800 What do you do for work? Hello. 86 00:05:24,800 --> 00:05:27,920 Hello, Orbiters. My name is Doctor Danny Davila 87 00:05:27,920 --> 00:05:30,920 Williams. I'm one of the pediatric 88 00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:34,160 neurologists that work at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, 89 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:37,600 TX. Neurologists are usually doctors 90 00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:40,800 that are in charge of studying how our brain works. 91 00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:45,000 Our brain is a very important organ of our body as it's the 92 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:48,640 Control Center that controls everything that we do when we 93 00:05:48,640 --> 00:05:52,160 move what we think. So at our hospital we take care 94 00:05:52,160 --> 00:05:55,680 of children and adolescents that may have any issues with the way 95 00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:58,280 their brain works. Hey, Doctor Danny, what were you 96 00:05:58,280 --> 00:06:01,560 like as a kid? So I would describe myself as a 97 00:06:01,560 --> 00:06:05,520 child, as a very curious kid. I was always trying to find 98 00:06:05,520 --> 00:06:08,880 explanations, trying to find a way that things were working. 99 00:06:09,440 --> 00:06:12,440 I remember that whenever my parents will give me any 100 00:06:12,440 --> 00:06:16,280 presents, there would usually be something to do, an experiment 101 00:06:16,280 --> 00:06:19,280 or discover something new, or something that I could use my 102 00:06:19,280 --> 00:06:22,120 hands to work on. Hey Milo, you ready to get 103 00:06:22,120 --> 00:06:23,480 started to learn about sleep? Uh huh. 104 00:06:24,080 --> 00:06:30,080 Oh yeah. OK, I think that means yes. 105 00:06:30,160 --> 00:06:32,000 Let's let's jump into the episode. 106 00:06:35,120 --> 00:06:37,880 Hey parents, do you have a curious little one who wants to 107 00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:41,720 send questions for episodes? It's free to participate, just 108 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:47,080 visit the link in the show notes Cumbre kids.org/questions and 109 00:06:47,080 --> 00:06:49,400 fill out a form. We'll add you to a WhatsApp 110 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:53,200 group where we notify you of the upcoming episode topics so that 111 00:06:53,200 --> 00:06:54,760 you can send your kids questions. 112 00:06:55,280 --> 00:06:58,920 OK, let the learning begin. Take it away, orbiters. 113 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:05,000 Hello, my name is Josh and I'm three years old and I live from 114 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:08,840 Houston, TX. My question is why did he go to 115 00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:13,200 sleep? Hi, I'm Maya and four years old 116 00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:18,440 and I live in Minneapolis. Is I want to ask why do we 117 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:21,560 sleep? Hi Orbit, my name is Iglit 118 00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:24,520 Monstajo. I live in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. 119 00:07:24,720 --> 00:07:29,400 I'm nine years old and my question is why do we need to 120 00:07:29,400 --> 00:07:30,760 sleep? Thank you. 121 00:07:30,760 --> 00:07:37,800 Bye. Orbiters, that's a great 122 00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:39,840 question. I mean, it's a question that we 123 00:07:39,840 --> 00:07:44,240 as doctors ask ourselves a lot. So sleep is basically the 124 00:07:44,240 --> 00:07:48,720 special state in which our brain and our body rests. 125 00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:53,720 So after a day when we're very busy working and learning, we 126 00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:57,320 need that rest. So our brain takes charge and 127 00:07:57,320 --> 00:07:59,760 tells the rest of our body that it's time to sleep. 128 00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:04,040 Even when we sleep, our brain continues to work, but in a more 129 00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:08,440 silent way. That sounds very interesting. 130 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:11,400 I bet we'll learn more about the work that our brain is doing in 131 00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:14,720 a little bit, but for now, we should remember that sleep is a 132 00:08:14,720 --> 00:08:18,200 state in which both our brain and our body rest. 133 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:26,240 Hello my name is Sylvia I'm 8 years old and I'm the same and 134 00:08:26,240 --> 00:08:29,360 my question is why we feel tired? 135 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:32,679 That is such an interesting question. 136 00:08:33,039 --> 00:08:34,760 I don't think I've ever asked myself that. 137 00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:38,039 Hey, Doctor Danny, why do we feel tired? 138 00:08:38,240 --> 00:08:41,240 Why aren't we just always super energetic? 139 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:47,320 So Eria, the reason that we feel tired before we sleep is because 140 00:08:47,320 --> 00:08:52,200 we spend the whole day burning, moving, doing stuff with our 141 00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:54,920 brain. So by the time the night comes, 142 00:08:55,120 --> 00:08:59,960 our brain has an internal clock that goes through the whole day. 143 00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:03,520 And this clock is called the irricadium rhythm. 144 00:09:03,880 --> 00:09:07,720 This clock then sends a signal to the rest of our body to tell 145 00:09:07,720 --> 00:09:11,160 us that it's time to sleep, take a nap or just rest. 146 00:09:11,360 --> 00:09:14,480 It's almost like we're running out of battery by the end of the 147 00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:16,480 day and we just need to recharge. 148 00:09:16,680 --> 00:09:19,680 Hold up a second. There was a big word in there, 149 00:09:20,200 --> 00:09:23,000 actually 2 words. Circadian rhythm. 150 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:27,560 Circadian rhythm. Can you say that with me on the 151 00:09:27,560 --> 00:09:32,800 count of 3123? Circadian rhythm. 152 00:09:33,320 --> 00:09:36,400 Nice job. Your circadian rhythm is kind of 153 00:09:36,400 --> 00:09:39,320 like a 24 hour clock inside your brain. 154 00:09:40,680 --> 00:09:42,520 Don't worry, it's not a real clock. 155 00:09:42,840 --> 00:09:46,120 But just like a clock, your circadian rhythm keeps track of 156 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:48,320 your day. It helps your body know when to 157 00:09:48,320 --> 00:09:52,680 wake up, when to feel sleepy, how much energy you have, and 158 00:09:52,680 --> 00:09:56,760 even when to digest your food. One super cool thing is that 159 00:09:56,760 --> 00:10:00,640 sunlight is very important for your circadian rhythm, which is 160 00:10:00,640 --> 00:10:03,920 why most of us wake up when the sun comes up and we start to 161 00:10:03,920 --> 00:10:07,400 feel tired when it goes down. Pretty awesome, right? 162 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:11,960 Hey Doctor Danny, what happens when our internal clock says 163 00:10:11,960 --> 00:10:14,680 it's time to go to sleep? We breathe slower. 164 00:10:17,400 --> 00:10:23,400 Our heart rate gets slower, our muscles relax, our eyes get 165 00:10:23,400 --> 00:10:25,920 droopy. So all of that in combination 166 00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:27,920 that basically tells our body it's time to get. 167 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:30,160 Some rest Isn't that cool, Orbiters? 168 00:10:30,560 --> 00:10:33,280 Did you know that when you're getting ready to sleep, all 169 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:36,200 those things are changing in your body, like your breath, 170 00:10:36,480 --> 00:10:42,960 your heartbeat and your muscles? Hi, my name is Victoria, I'm 171 00:10:43,120 --> 00:10:49,840 four years old. My question is why when people 172 00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:54,880 go to sleeping when I go to sleep they can't have lights on? 173 00:10:57,720 --> 00:11:01,200 Great question, Victoria. I think there are several things 174 00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:04,600 that could help us fall asleep. There are things within our body 175 00:11:04,600 --> 00:11:06,480 and there are things outside of our body. 176 00:11:07,280 --> 00:11:10,440 I would say that within our body, in our brain, there's a 177 00:11:10,440 --> 00:11:13,560 special substance that is called melatonin. 178 00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:19,000 And that substance or hormone basically tells us that we need 179 00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:22,880 to be more calm, we need to be relaxed, and we need to get 180 00:11:22,880 --> 00:11:27,280 ready to get some rest. So a substance in our brain 181 00:11:27,520 --> 00:11:31,680 called melatonin sends a mysterious signal to our body to 182 00:11:31,680 --> 00:11:36,520 say, hey, quiet down there, it's time to get some sleep. 183 00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:39,960 And then outside of our body, there are certain things in our 184 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:42,440 environment that can make us fall asleep. 185 00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:47,480 Some of those are being in a quiet place, being in a dark 186 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:52,240 place, having cold temperature, actually having our routine 187 00:11:52,240 --> 00:11:56,080 before we go to sleep and making sure we're not exposed to 188 00:11:56,080 --> 00:12:00,240 screens or very bright lights several hours before going to 189 00:12:00,240 --> 00:12:02,560 sleep. I'm just jotting down some notes 190 00:12:02,560 --> 00:12:08,960 here to help me sleep better, make sure I'm in a quiet place, 191 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:17,960 turn out the lights, keep the temperature cool, do my nightly 192 00:12:17,960 --> 00:12:28,840 routine of reading a bedtime story to Hank and my stuffed 193 00:12:29,040 --> 00:12:36,760 rabbit, Sir Fluffington the 4th. Hi, my name is Victoria. 194 00:12:37,160 --> 00:12:42,960 I am five years old. I live in Mexico and my question 195 00:12:43,160 --> 00:12:47,840 is what happens to living while we are sleeping? 196 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:52,600 Thank you. Hello, I'm Carolina from New 197 00:12:52,600 --> 00:12:57,800 Mexico, Albuquerque. I have six years old and I want 198 00:12:57,800 --> 00:13:04,160 to know what happens tomorrow break in our body when we sleep. 199 00:13:04,520 --> 00:13:12,360 Hi my name is Luna, I live in New York and I am six years old 200 00:13:12,720 --> 00:13:21,360 and my question is why are are our bodies stillwell free? 201 00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:30,880 Orbiters, there's an awesome question. 202 00:13:31,480 --> 00:13:34,200 Both our brain and our body need to rest. 203 00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:38,000 So what happens in our brain while we sleep is that it stays 204 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:40,920 active. It's more like a quiet, active 205 00:13:40,920 --> 00:13:43,320 phase. There's several things that 206 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:46,760 occur while we're resting. One of them is that our brain 207 00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:51,720 cleans up after working all day. There's some waste products that 208 00:13:51,720 --> 00:13:55,360 accumulate, so we want to make sure that the cells in our brain 209 00:13:55,480 --> 00:13:59,280 clean those up. So it's kind of like your room 210 00:13:59,280 --> 00:14:03,640 after you play with your toys. Toys everywhere. 211 00:14:04,080 --> 00:14:07,880 Then you go to sleep and your brain organizes the toys, 212 00:14:08,240 --> 00:14:16,280 vacuums the floor and takes out the trash. 213 00:14:17,960 --> 00:14:22,400 Also, as we learn throughout the day, we need our brain to 214 00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:27,320 organize those memories and put them in our big backpack. 215 00:14:28,080 --> 00:14:32,520 We secrete hormones and special substances that help us repair 216 00:14:32,520 --> 00:14:35,720 and grow. And finally, we also dream, 217 00:14:35,880 --> 00:14:38,120 which is an important part of sleep. 218 00:14:38,440 --> 00:14:43,040 So the brain is also organizing our memories while we sleep. 219 00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:47,880 And then in our body, we also need to relax, and that may 220 00:14:47,880 --> 00:14:52,360 include other organs like our hearts, our lungs, our muscles 221 00:14:52,360 --> 00:14:55,320 and bones. So when we are in the sleep 222 00:14:55,320 --> 00:14:59,240 state, our heart gets slower, our breathing can get slower, 223 00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:02,400 our muscles relax and became more stable. 224 00:15:02,960 --> 00:15:07,760 And all of this is so they can grow, they can repair, and they 225 00:15:07,760 --> 00:15:12,360 can be ready for the next day. Cool, so the whole body is 226 00:15:12,360 --> 00:15:16,360 recovering and that helps us grow strong and healthy. 227 00:15:16,760 --> 00:15:19,400 I asked Doctor Danny why our body doesn't move while we 228 00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:21,680 sleep. He said that our muscles need to 229 00:15:21,680 --> 00:15:25,840 relax in order to recover and to keep us safe while we dream. 230 00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:29,960 For example, if I'm dreaming about hopping through a field 231 00:15:29,960 --> 00:15:33,600 alongside Surf Luffington the 4th, it's probably a good thing 232 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:36,880 that my body is still. Otherwise I'd probably hop 233 00:15:36,880 --> 00:15:38,240 straight into a wall or something. 234 00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:44,160 Hey Doctor Danny, I have another question. 235 00:15:44,600 --> 00:15:47,880 I heard that we have different types of sleep during the night. 236 00:15:48,200 --> 00:15:51,760 Is that true? So far we've identified 4 237 00:15:51,760 --> 00:15:54,600 different stages throughout the night. 238 00:15:54,840 --> 00:15:58,680 We go through this sleep stages 4 to 6 times per night. 239 00:15:59,480 --> 00:16:05,520 The four stages are Light sleep, bed level sleep, deep sleep and 240 00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:08,880 what we call REM sleep. That stands for Rapid Eye 241 00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:12,160 Movement Sleep. OK Orbiters, Dr. Danny said 242 00:16:12,160 --> 00:16:15,800 there are 4 stages of sleep. Do you remember what they are? 243 00:16:16,160 --> 00:16:19,120 Here he is again. Pay super close attention. 244 00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:25,520 The four stages are light sleep, bed level sleep, deep sleep, and 245 00:16:25,520 --> 00:16:28,880 what we call ran sleep. That stands for rabid eye 246 00:16:28,880 --> 00:16:31,320 Movement Sleep. Doctor Danny told me that light 247 00:16:31,320 --> 00:16:34,720 sleep is right when we fall asleep and we can still wake up 248 00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:39,120 really easily in mid level sleep, he said we're moving from 249 00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:44,480 light sleep into deeper sleep. Then in deep sleep our muscles 250 00:16:44,480 --> 00:16:49,240 relax a lot and we enter the deepest most restful part of 251 00:16:49,240 --> 00:16:52,520 sleep. And finally, in REM sleep or 252 00:16:52,520 --> 00:16:57,120 rapid eye movement sleep, our brain becomes very active and 253 00:16:57,120 --> 00:17:00,800 this is when we dream. Here's a fun fact, it's called 254 00:17:00,880 --> 00:17:05,200 rapid eye movement sleep because while we're dreaming, our eyes 255 00:17:05,200 --> 00:17:09,640 are zooming back and forth super fast under our eyelids while our 256 00:17:09,640 --> 00:17:12,319 eyes are still closed. Isn't that cool? 257 00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:16,000 Let's learn more about dreams. But first, how about we stretch 258 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:17,839 a little bit and guess the mystery sound? 259 00:17:21,599 --> 00:17:24,880 We'll play it three times. You can move around and wiggle 260 00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:26,599 when you think about what the sound is. 261 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:32,440 Think you got it. I'll give you a hint. 262 00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:37,120 It's a type of bird. Do you think it's an eagle, a 263 00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:44,040 macaw, or a goose? Stick around to the end for the 264 00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:47,120 answer. OK. 265 00:17:47,680 --> 00:17:53,800 More questions please. Hello buddy beans I have Robbie 266 00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:56,160 by Columbia. I have digestion. 267 00:17:56,600 --> 00:18:02,400 My question is why do we live with we sleep? 268 00:18:02,920 --> 00:18:07,880 Hello my name is Marceline and and and I live in Houston, TX 269 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:11,840 and and my question is what is dreams? 270 00:18:14,480 --> 00:18:18,120 Dreams are just so important because it's the way of our 271 00:18:18,120 --> 00:18:21,360 brain to communicate with us while we sleep. 272 00:18:22,360 --> 00:18:24,680 We are in a very deep state of sleep. 273 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:30,200 Our brain continues to be active and can use dreams to organize 274 00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:33,840 our memories, process our emotions, and even solve 275 00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:36,040 problems. So when we're dreaming, our 276 00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:39,680 brain is actually hard at work storing our memories and 277 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:43,040 processing the emotions that we felt during the day, like 278 00:18:43,280 --> 00:18:48,960 excitement or anger or sadness. OK, Margaret has a super 279 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:53,280 important question. Hello, my name is Margaret, I'm 280 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:55,760 seven years old and I live in North Carolina. 281 00:18:55,760 --> 00:19:02,320 My question is why do we dream and why do some dreams get like 282 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:08,880 kind of scary and bad? I'm glad you asked, Margaret. 283 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:12,720 The other day I had a nightmare where a giant carrot was chasing 284 00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:16,600 me and Sir Fluffington the 4th. I was terrified. 285 00:19:16,920 --> 00:19:18,480 Why does that happen, Doctor Danny? 286 00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:21,640 Great question, Margaret. And we really still don't 287 00:19:21,640 --> 00:19:26,120 understand how all of these work and why Some are fun and some 288 00:19:26,120 --> 00:19:30,040 can be scary, but that's basically what nightmares are, 289 00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:32,920 right? Are scary or sad dreams? 290 00:19:33,600 --> 00:19:37,000 What is the way that our dreams kind of deal with all of these 291 00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:40,720 emotions that we could have? And emotions again, could be 292 00:19:41,560 --> 00:19:45,280 sadness, they could be scary, and that's why we could also 293 00:19:45,280 --> 00:19:51,120 have nightmare. Oh, so maybe I had a strong 294 00:19:51,120 --> 00:19:54,640 emotion during the day and the nightmare was my brain trying to 295 00:19:54,640 --> 00:19:57,920 process it. OK, go ahead, orbiters. 296 00:20:01,760 --> 00:20:02,680 Hello. Hey. 297 00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:05,280 I'm Grace Mario. I am 5A. 298 00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:10,160 Question is what happens if if we don't sleep? 299 00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:12,800 Hello, Orbit. My name is Amica. 300 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:15,600 I am 8 years old. I live in Venezuela. 301 00:20:15,600 --> 00:20:21,800 And my question is what happen if we don't sleep? 302 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:23,720 Thank you. Goodbye. 303 00:20:28,160 --> 00:20:31,480 Doctor Danny taught us that sleep is super important for 304 00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:33,920 remembering things. Kind of like putting books in 305 00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:36,600 the right place in a library so that we can find them when we 306 00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:39,120 need to. But sleep doesn't stop there. 307 00:20:39,360 --> 00:20:42,880 It also helps our body grow strong and healthy. 308 00:20:43,680 --> 00:20:47,400 So if we don't sleep, unfortunately some of these 309 00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:50,160 important functions are not completed. 310 00:20:51,160 --> 00:20:54,880 So by the next day when you wake up, you may feel tired. 311 00:20:55,560 --> 00:20:59,600 You may feel like you have to pay more attention in order to 312 00:20:59,600 --> 00:21:02,840 concentrate. You may feel like you want to 313 00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:06,880 take a nap all day. And that decreases overall our 314 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:09,720 happiness. It decreases the way we work and 315 00:21:09,720 --> 00:21:11,680 it decreases the way we learn at school. 316 00:21:11,840 --> 00:21:15,120 Hey, Doctor Danny, you sure know a lot about sleep. 317 00:21:15,640 --> 00:21:19,880 How do scientists study sleep? Scientists have developed 318 00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:22,280 different ways to study their brain while we sleep. 319 00:21:22,360 --> 00:21:26,840 We currently have one tool that is called polysomnogram or an 320 00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:30,360 easy way to put it. It's called sleep study where we 321 00:21:30,360 --> 00:21:34,480 have different sensors that we connect to all body parts 322 00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:37,880 involving sleep. Remember, these are the brain, 323 00:21:37,960 --> 00:21:42,640 our muscles, our heart, and our lungs so we can monitor all of 324 00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:46,680 those things while a kid or an adolescent is asleep. 325 00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:50,920 One of the coolest parts of science is how scientists use 326 00:21:50,920 --> 00:21:53,600 technology. So if you're an orbiter who 327 00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:56,360 likes tinkering or building things, or maybe you like 328 00:21:56,360 --> 00:21:59,600 computers, maybe someday you can design the machines that 329 00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:02,480 scientists use, like the polysomnogram. 330 00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:06,080 You know, Doctor Danny told me a super cool story about a 331 00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:08,880 scientist. But to learn, we have to hop in 332 00:22:08,880 --> 00:22:12,840 our super orbiter time machine. I'm bringing Sir Fluffington the 333 00:22:12,840 --> 00:22:18,360 4th with me this time. OK, 321, 334 00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:33,960 I would love to tell you the story about Doctor Nathaniel 335 00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:36,440 Cleatman. He was a doctor back in the 336 00:22:36,440 --> 00:22:41,720 1930s who is known as the father of Sleep Medicine. 337 00:22:42,120 --> 00:22:46,440 He wanted to understand why people think that our brain 338 00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:49,960 shuts down when we sleep. He actually thought that our 339 00:22:49,960 --> 00:22:56,240 brain was active. If my brain were not active, how 340 00:22:56,240 --> 00:22:59,320 did I dream about unicorns made of gum drops? 341 00:22:59,600 --> 00:23:03,560 Playing the violin last night. So he gathered a bunch of his 342 00:23:03,600 --> 00:23:07,080 own. Students, hey students, everyone 343 00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:10,000 get into this room and lie down. It's nap time. 344 00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:13,360 While they were sleeping, he recorded their brain activity 345 00:23:13,440 --> 00:23:17,640 and discovered that our brain is actually very active while they 346 00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:19,080 were sleeping. Eureka. 347 00:23:19,520 --> 00:23:22,200 Their brain is active even though they're asleep. 348 00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:25,520 I bet they're dreaming about gumdrop unicorns too. 349 00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:30,400 After these, several of the students and other colleagues, 350 00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:34,800 other scientists continue to make great discoveries in Sleep 351 00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:38,000 Medicine to the point that we know what we know today. 352 00:23:38,880 --> 00:23:42,760 That is so cool. I love how Doctor Kleitman's 353 00:23:42,760 --> 00:23:45,240 discovery started with his curiosity. 354 00:23:45,800 --> 00:23:52,480 One more question. Hi Orbit, my name is Leonel, I'm 355 00:23:52,480 --> 00:23:57,600 from Mexico. And that's my question, why some 356 00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:03,040 people who speak when they're sleeping goodbye? 357 00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:06,200 Our friend Milam said he sleepwalks too. 358 00:24:06,560 --> 00:24:08,560 Why do some people sleepwalk and sleep talk? 359 00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:16,800 Doctor Danny. There are several studies and 360 00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:20,800 lots of people want to understand the reason why some 361 00:24:20,800 --> 00:24:24,440 people can sleepwalk. Some of the literature says that 362 00:24:24,920 --> 00:24:27,520 people can walk while they're still asleep. 363 00:24:28,120 --> 00:24:32,080 They can have their eyes open, but their brain is in a sleep 364 00:24:32,080 --> 00:24:35,560 state. So they can walk, they can talk, 365 00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:40,080 they can move around, but we don't have a specific reason as 366 00:24:40,160 --> 00:24:44,120 to why this happens. Doctor Danny also told me that 367 00:24:44,120 --> 00:24:48,520 sleepwalking runs in families, which means if your mom and dad 368 00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:52,080 walk in their sleep, it's more likely that you will too. 369 00:24:52,480 --> 00:24:55,400 Interesting, right? Maybe one of you curious 370 00:24:55,400 --> 00:24:57,480 orbiters can figure out why someday. 371 00:24:58,120 --> 00:25:00,760 Hey, let's go check in with our pal Milo. 372 00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:09,200 Hey Milam, you ready to take a break and move around a little 373 00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:10,240 bit? Yes. 374 00:25:10,840 --> 00:25:12,920 We're going to want a couple things from you to help our 375 00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:15,960 audience move around. Let's start with a part of your 376 00:25:15,960 --> 00:25:17,480 body. Finger. 377 00:25:18,360 --> 00:25:20,080 OK, which finger? I've got 10. 378 00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:21,880 Anyone. Any one of them. 379 00:25:21,920 --> 00:25:25,080 All right, so I'm going to choose my left ring finger. 380 00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:29,640 And what is a shape that listeners should make? 381 00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:33,400 Spiral. That's a fun shape. 382 00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:36,960 And how should they do it? Like a robot. 383 00:25:38,360 --> 00:25:43,400 Like a robot like Start Stop Start Stop start start. 384 00:25:43,560 --> 00:25:46,920 So. And if this is their second or 385 00:25:46,920 --> 00:25:51,320 third time listening to the episode, how should orbiters 386 00:25:51,320 --> 00:25:55,080 change it up? Running or dancing? 387 00:25:55,920 --> 00:25:57,680 What kind of dancing do you want to do? 388 00:26:00,360 --> 00:26:02,720 Any kind? My favorite kind of dancing is 389 00:26:02,720 --> 00:26:04,840 salsa dancing. Do you have a favorite kind of 390 00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:06,840 dancing? No, Sir. 391 00:26:07,520 --> 00:26:09,640 No. Well, maybe we can put on some 392 00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:12,000 salsa music for Orbiters to dance to. 393 00:26:13,240 --> 00:26:16,680 And while we're making spirals and dancing salsa, let's recap 394 00:26:16,680 --> 00:26:20,160 what we have learned. Sleep is a special state where 395 00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:25,360 both the brain and the body rest, clean up, and recharge, so 396 00:26:25,360 --> 00:26:29,080 we're ready for the next day. Our internal clock, called the 397 00:26:29,080 --> 00:26:33,360 circadian rhythm, helps us know when to feel sleepy or to wake 398 00:26:33,360 --> 00:26:36,000 up. We also learned that a quiet, 399 00:26:36,280 --> 00:26:39,800 dark, cool environment makes it easier to fall asleep. 400 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:44,600 While we sleep, the brain organizes memories, processes 401 00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:48,640 emotions, and creates dreams. And while our brain does this, 402 00:26:48,840 --> 00:26:52,040 our body slows down so it can grow and repair itself. 403 00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:56,320 Finally, we learn that scientists study sleep using 404 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:59,240 tools like sleep studies. And they've learned that sleep 405 00:26:59,240 --> 00:27:02,840 is essential for learning focus and feeling happy. 406 00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:08,960 Hey, Doctor. Danny, thanks so much for 407 00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:11,400 answering our questions today. Absolutely. 408 00:27:11,400 --> 00:27:15,240 It's been such a pleasure and a joy to share some of my 409 00:27:15,240 --> 00:27:18,920 knowledge about sleep and then about how our brain works. 410 00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:23,000 There's so much to discover, so much to study, so I will 411 00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:27,320 encourage each of one of you to continue learning and maybe one 412 00:27:27,320 --> 00:27:31,440 day you'll be able to discover what is currently unknown and we 413 00:27:31,440 --> 00:27:35,560 can work together. Hey, parents. 414 00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:39,600 Doctor Denny's full name is Doctor Danielle Davila Williams. 415 00:27:40,120 --> 00:27:43,640 He's a pediatric neurologist at Texas Children's Hospital and an 416 00:27:43,640 --> 00:27:47,080 assistant professor of pediatric neurology and developmental 417 00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:49,360 neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine. 418 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:53,120 He also serves as the medical director of the Pediatric Stroke 419 00:27:53,120 --> 00:27:57,360 Center and sees patients in the Neurology Epilepsy Center and 420 00:27:57,360 --> 00:28:00,720 Pediatric Stroke Clinic. Doctor Davila Williams is a 421 00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:03,360 great expert for things like pediatric stroke and 422 00:28:03,360 --> 00:28:07,040 neurovascular disorders, neurocritical care, and 423 00:28:07,040 --> 00:28:09,640 pediatric epilepsy care and diagnosis. 424 00:28:10,040 --> 00:28:12,320 If you would like to get in touch, we'll leave his web page 425 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:14,600 for Texas Children's Hospital in the show notes. 426 00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:21,840 OK Orbiters, before we wrap up, I bet a few of you are curious 427 00:28:21,840 --> 00:28:24,080 about the mystery sound. Do you remember it? 428 00:28:25,640 --> 00:28:28,240 If you said it's a macaw, you were right. 429 00:28:28,360 --> 00:28:32,000 Way to go. Let's go check in with Milo one 430 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:36,720 last time. Hey Milo, did you enjoy learning 431 00:28:36,720 --> 00:28:38,640 with Doctor Danny? Yes. 432 00:28:39,240 --> 00:28:44,560 OK, let's test your knowledge. I'll give you 3 true and false 433 00:28:44,560 --> 00:28:49,480 statements and you respond OK. OK. 434 00:28:50,360 --> 00:28:55,680 True or false, your brain stays active while you sleep. 435 00:28:56,600 --> 00:29:02,320 True, the brain is leaning up, waste organizing memories and 436 00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:04,720 more. Ding Ding, Ding, Ding, Ding. 437 00:29:05,040 --> 00:29:07,680 Well done Milam. He's one for one. 438 00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:11,640 All right, Second question, True or false? 439 00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:15,600 There are 7 stages in the sleep cycle. 440 00:29:16,680 --> 00:29:21,560 What do you think, Orbiters? Orbiters, what do you think 441 00:29:22,160 --> 00:29:22,960 Mylan is saying? False. 442 00:29:22,960 --> 00:29:26,960 Why is it false Mylan? Therefore, therefore light 443 00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:31,640 sleep, mid level sleep, deep sleep and REM sleep. 444 00:29:32,040 --> 00:29:33,920 Do you remember what REM sleep means? 445 00:29:33,920 --> 00:29:36,920 Just. Sleep really, really, really, 446 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:41,200 really hard, yeah. It means rapid eye movement 447 00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:43,120 sleep, and that's where we dream. 448 00:29:43,480 --> 00:29:48,080 OK, true or false, scientists already know everything there is 449 00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:50,800 to know about sleep and the brain. 450 00:29:51,680 --> 00:29:56,680 Let's see, False Doctor Danny said. 451 00:29:56,680 --> 00:30:00,560 Scientists are still trying to understand things like dreams 452 00:30:00,640 --> 00:30:05,560 and how the body falls asleep. Meow. 453 00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:11,880 Me, me, me, me, me, me, me. Me, me, me. 454 00:30:12,040 --> 00:30:14,920 Is that Is that the sound you make when you're sleeping? 455 00:30:15,080 --> 00:30:19,200 Me, me, me, me, me, me. Or maybe that's the sound that 456 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:21,080 your little brother makes when he's asleep. 457 00:30:21,520 --> 00:30:23,400 No, I do. It. 458 00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:24,880 Oh, you do. It is your brother. 459 00:30:24,880 --> 00:30:27,200 Is your brother quiet when he sleeps to let you sleep? 460 00:30:27,480 --> 00:30:30,440 No, it's so annoying to hear him snore. 461 00:30:30,440 --> 00:30:39,400 He's like just. I'm not sure Wells is going to 462 00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:41,880 agree with that. All right, Milo, Well, this has 463 00:30:41,880 --> 00:30:44,680 been a ton of fun. Any last messages for our 464 00:30:44,680 --> 00:30:46,880 audience? I have no. 465 00:30:48,120 --> 00:30:51,440 No. Should they remember to brush 466 00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:52,960 their teeth? Yes. 467 00:30:54,440 --> 00:30:55,960 Don't forget to brush your teeth right? 468 00:30:57,480 --> 00:31:00,640 Yes. OK, all right, we'll catch 469 00:31:00,640 --> 00:31:02,240 everybody later. Bye, bye bye. 470 00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:07,880 This episode is also available in Spanish on our sister 471 00:31:07,880 --> 00:31:11,200 podcast, Cranio Santia Para Ninos Curiosos. 472 00:31:11,760 --> 00:31:14,160 Orbit is a podcast produced by Cumbre Kids. 473 00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:17,120 This episode was written by me, Robert Carpenter. 474 00:31:17,360 --> 00:31:19,320 The producer is Catherine Aguilar. 475 00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:23,400 Artwork for the episode by Moises Monsale and Jorge Wake. 476 00:31:23,800 --> 00:31:27,200 And don't forget to check out our podcasts in Spanish, Cranio, 477 00:31:27,400 --> 00:31:31,560 Siencia para Ninos, Curiosos, Maleon, animales, baraninos, 478 00:31:31,560 --> 00:31:34,200 Curiosos, and buenas noches cranio. 479 00:31:34,560 --> 00:31:37,000 We'll see you in the next episode of Orbit. 480 00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:40,720 The next one is all about rocks. It's going to be so fun. 481 00:31:41,160 --> 00:31:45,400 Ciao the. Important thing is not to stop 482 00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:49,560 questioning Albert Einstein. The end.