Imagine a supercomputer so powerful it could crack the
locks on your bank account, your passwords, your Netflix queue
and even your Bitcoin. We're talking quantum computers
and the Internet's toughest security system, a little thing
called Shaw 256. Honey, where is the flashlight?
Are you recording in the bathroom again?
Excuse me for a second, is this the end of your online privacy?
Is your Bitcoin going to zero? Are we out of milk?
Is this all just hyped up? sci-fi scare from unwatchable
Bitcoin clickbait video. What do you think Johnny Bingo
4062 This video is going to be wild, juicy and easy to get.
No tech degree needed, just a love for drama and a curiosity
about the future. I'm oceans this is beyond
Bitcoin. Let's have a glimpse into our
future, shall we? We're going to talk mostly about
the hash functions that are used routinely in cryptography for
things like message authentication, digital
signatures, and so on. So they need to be fairly quick
both to verify and compute. A hash function takes some
string right, let's say ABC, and it turns it into some fixed
length string, but it's not usually 3 long of random.
So you know a bit string, right? But so so you naughty 11
naughty, naughty one naughty 11 dot dot dot going forward this
way for however many bits that hash function is.
Now there's a few important properties of hash functions
that we care about for cryptography, but the most
important one perhaps is that it's essentially pseudo random.
So that means that we put in ABC and we get out something that is
in no way like ABC and appears completely random to us.
And if we change this even slightly, because it's appearing
random, this is completely changed.
So let's have a quick look at SHA one as an example, just so
we can see this in action. I'm on some page that has a
script that calculates hashes on the fly.
So I can put in ABC, and you can see that the hash is a 9993 E
and so on all the way up to D, right?
This is the SHA 1 hash. A SHA 1 hash is 160 bits long.
If I change this C to AD, the hash is completely changed.
So there's the appearance of randomness, the idea that this
hash is actually not related to this at all, even though it is,
and we know it is, because if I put C back again, we're back to
A9993. OK, picture this.
Every time you want to shop online or send an e-mail or
check your bank balance, there's a digital lock keeping your
stuff safe. That lock is called Shaw 256,
and it's like the Fort Knox of the Internet.
But there's a new kid on the block, quantum computers.
And experts say that these quantum computers can pick that
lock like a master thief in a heist movie.
Exactly. Let's start with Shaw 256.
Don't let the name scare you. It's just a super fancy metric
that protects your digital life. Think of it as the world's
toughest lock on your online bank account, your Amazon
orders, your spicy DMS. It takes your data and scrambles it into
a 64 digit code, which is harder to crack than a billionaire's
safe. SHA 256 is actually the backbone
of everything secure online, from Bitcoin to your favorite
shopping sites. To break this lock, a hacker
would have to guess the exact key out of trillions upon
trillions of possibilities. And on a regular computer, that
would take longer than the universe has been around.
If you want to find a message whose SHA 256 hash is some
specific string of 256 bits, you have no better method than to
just guess and check random messages, and this would require
on average 2 to the 256 guesses. Now, this is a number so far
removed from anything that we ever deal with that it can be
hard to appreciate its size, but let's give it a try. 2 to the
256 is the same as two to the 32 multiplied by itself 8 times.
Now, what's nice about that split is that 2 to the 32 is 4
billion, which is at least a number we can think about,
right? It's the kind of thing you might
see in a headline. So all we need to do is
appreciate what multiplying 4 billion times itself 8
successive times really feels like.
As many of you know, the GPU on your computer can let you run a
whole bunch of computations in parallel incredibly quickly.
So if you were to specially program a GPU to run a
cryptographic hash function over and over, a really good one
might be able to do a little less than a billion hashes per
second. And let's say that you just take
a bunch of those and cram your computer full of extra GPU's so
that your computer can run 4 billion hashes per second.
So the first 4 billion here is going to represent the number of
hashes per second per computer. Now picture 4 billion of these
GPU packed computers for comparison.
Even though Google does not at all make their number of servers
public, estimates have it somewhere in the single digit
millions. In reality, most of those
servers are going to be much less powerful than our imagined
GPU packed machine. But let's say that Google
replaced all of its millions of servers with a machine like
this. Then 4 billion machines would
mean about 1000 copies of this souped up Google.
Let's call that 1K Google worth of computing power.
There's about 7.3 billion people on Earth.
So next imagine giving a little over half of every individual on
Earth their own personal kilo Google.
Now imagine 4 billion copies of this Earth.
For comparison, the Milky Way has somewhere between 100 and
400 billion stars. We don't really know, but the
estimates tend to be in that range.
So this would be akin to a full 1% of every star in the Galaxy
having a copy of Earth, where half the people on that Earth
have their own personal killer. Google next try to imagine 4
billion copies of the Milky Way, and we're going to call this
your giga galactic supercomputer running about two to the 160
guesses every second. Now, 4 billion seconds, that's
about 126.8 years. 4 billion of those, well, that's 507 billion
years, which is about 37 times the age of the universe.
So even if you were to have your GPU packed kilogram per person
multiplanetary gigagalactic computer guessing numbers for 37
times the age of the universe, it would still only have a one
in 4 billion chance of finding the correct guess.
That's kind. Of what makes Shaw 256 the hero
of our digital world. But here comes the villain
quantum computers, and they're bringing some serious heat.
Let's start with what we know. We understand classical
computing. Picture a library of 1000 books
and you're hunting for one specific phrase in that entire
library. Let's just say the phrase that
we're that we're searching for is what is a topological qubit?
So a classical processor. Think of it like a librarian.
It's very methodical. They grab one book, they flip
through every single page. There's no match.
So then they move on to the second book as they're looking
for this phrase, and one by one they check a thought.
Let's just say there's 1000 books in this library.
Maybe it's book 10, maybe it's book 999.
But this is a serial step by step process that's at work.
And this is like your, you know, your classical processors where
there's one or, or there's zero on or off, no shortcuts.
It's just how your laptop works. Now let's talk about quantum
computing. Same library, same thousand
books, same phrase that we're searching for.
But this librarians like not flipping through the pages.
They're able to scan the whole library in one shot, not by
opening every book, but by somehow knowing every book's
contents all at once. And what they do is they find
this phrase, what is topological qubit?
What is a topological qubit in a fraction of the steps?
So like maybe 32 steps instead of 1000 steps of checking 1000
books. So I know this sounds nuts, but
this is this is effectively what quantum computing can do.
It has massive parallelism. It's not brute force.
I'm sure you've heard this, but quantum computers aren't your
average laptop. Regular computers, they use
bits. They're like a light switch.
They're either on or off, one or zero.
Now quantum computers, they use qubits.
That's Cubert, that qubit, but pretty close.
Which can be on and off and everything in between all at
once. Basically an immediate
understanding of all the possibilities all at once.
Can you imagine? It's like juggling 1,000,000
balls while riding a unicycle and solving A Rubik's Cube.
And it's insanely fast for certain problems.
Here's where it gets interesting.
Quantum computers use a trick called the Grover's algorithm,
which I don't know what it is because I'm not a coder or a
software developer. I just look up things on the
Internet, like you, but I digress.
We could think of it as a cheat code for picking locks.
In theory, it could take half the time to crack Shaw 256.
Let's say you only have one key that fits one house in the
entire world. Well, with quantum computers now
you only have to check half the houses in the entire world,
which is still quite a lot to crack Shaw 256, but it's half
the time, so at least you have that going for you, I guess I
have that. It's still a lot, but it's way
faster. Today's quantum computers are
like prototype sports cars. They're flashy, they go real
fast, but they break down after about a lap.
They've got maybe 1000 qubits in their super glitchy To crack
Shaw 256, you'd need millions of perfect qubits, and we're
nowhere close. So are quantum computers about
to unlock your Bitcoin and steal all of your life savings?
Not so fast. Cracking Shaw 256 with a quantum
computer would still take a ridiculous amount of time.
Experts say that we're decades away from a quantum computer
that's even strong enough to try.
And that's sort of like worrying about flying cars crashing into
your house today. But let's make this salacious
Imagine a secret lab deep underground where mad scientists
are building a quantum super weapon.
They're cackling, ready to hack the Internet.
Sounds like a movie, right? Here's the plot twist.
The Internet is not defenseless. Shaw 256 is just one layer of
security. Your money, your data, it's
protected by a digital fortress with multiple walls.
And guess what? The good guys are already
building quantum proof locks, so why should you care?
Good question. Because this is about more than
tech. It's about your money and your
privacy and your security online.
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Link in the description below. Quantum computers are coming,
but they're not the apocalypse and your Bitcoin is safe.
It's been dodging hackers for decades.
Scientists, engineers, and even you Bitcoin nerds are working on
upgrades to keep your data safe, whether you're buying sneakers
or you're stacking Bitcoin. Here's the juicy part.
Juicy part. This is a race.
On one side, quantum hackers are dreaming of a digital chaos.
On the other side, a global army of brainiacs are building
unbreakable Shields. And you know what?
I'm betting on the good guys. The Internet has survived
viruses, scams and the Y2K panic.
It'll survive this too. So don't lose sleep.
Your passwords, your cash and your cat videos.
They're all safe for now. Quantum computers are cool,
scary and straight out of a sci-fi movie, but they are not
cracking the internet's locks anytime soon.
Shaw 256, which is what secures Bitcoin, if you didn't know, is
holding strong and we've got time to build even tougher
defenses or is this just a SI up?
I've been programmed to believe you decide I'm not going to so
keep shopping. That's what this is all about
shopping. So keep shopping shop to your
heart's content and living your digital life without fear.
Thank you so much for watching. But real quick, SAS mining makes
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I'm just looking at a black circle of mystery, just looking
right at me, not saying anything, just recording
everything that I'm saying to you.
My motions. This is beyond Bitcoin.
Until next time.