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Why should 535 people in 
Washington? 

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Be entitled to issue, commands, 
to 300 million others. 

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And why should the others obey 
these questions? 

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As I argue in the following 
Pages, have no satisfactory 

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answers. 
Welcome to Keith's night. 

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Don't tread on anyone. 
That's an excellent quote from 

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this book. 
The problem of political 

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Authority, and examination of 
the right to coerce and duty to 

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obey. 
By professor at University of 

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Boulder, Colorado. 
Michael humor, mr. 

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Humor. 
Thank you for your time, sir. 

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Yes. 
Thanks for having me. 

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You to be here. 
So what is political Authority? 

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So, political Authority is a 
hypothesized, moral property 

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that the government would have 
which would explain why they're 

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entitled to force, everybody 
else, to obey their commands, 

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and would also explain why we 
would be obligated to obey their

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commands in circumstances in 
which you would not have to obey

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similar commands by anyone else.
And no one else would be 

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entitled to enforce similar 
commands. 

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Now, we have a number of 
objections that I've come across

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in sort of, in researching your 
opposition so to speak. 

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So, I'd like to present you with
those arguments, and let me know

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if you think any of these 
justify the existence of 

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political Authority, or what 
your response would be. 

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One of the major responses we 
get. 

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Is you mr. 
Humor. 

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Know the laws that exist in 
society, yet. 

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You choose to stay in this very 
Society, therefore, you consent 

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to it. 
If you don't like it, please 

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feel free to move. 
How do you respond? 

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Yeah. 
Yeah. 

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I mean with this, this argument 
work for anybody else, right? 

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So, you know, let's say that I 
just go around to my neighbors 

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and I start just issuing 
commands to them and then 

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demanding money from them and 
say I've been doing this for a 

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while. 
So after I've been doing this 

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for six months, I say to all my 
neighbors, look it, you can 

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leave if you don't like what I'm
doing to you, right? 

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And since You stayed in this 
place, where, you know, that I'm

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exploiting you, that means that 
you've agreed to be exploited by

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main. 
So now you have to do everything

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I say and have to pay any money 
or whatever. 

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So, you know, they I mean it's 
superficially analogous to if 

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somebody is in your house and 
you say, Hey, you know, we have 

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whatever follow these rules. 
Otherwise, you have to leave, 

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you know, like no shoes in the 
house, right? 

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Take off your shoes. 
Otherwise, get out of my house. 

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You can say that, that's okay. 
But that's okay because it's 

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your house. 
You can't go over to somebody 

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else's house and then say hey, 
you got to take off your shoes. 

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Otherwise get out of your house 
and the government is like the 

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second thing, right? 
The government has just like 

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they're just here and they're 
just saying, you know, you can't

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reside on your own property 
unless you agree to Big Book to 

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obey them, right? 
Yeah, that's not legitimate, 

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right? 
So the difference It is that in 

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one situation. 
It's just some guy showing up to

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my house with government. 
We actually have debates. 

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We have public displays of whose
ideas are what. 

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And then we, as a society vote, 
expressing our preferences for 

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what the rules should be there 
for. 

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The existence of voting is equal
to us being represented in 

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society, which is an extension 
of our consent. 

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How would you And yeah, so you 
mentioned, two things that we 

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have debates and you know, 
discussions where all the 

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different ideas are able to 
interplay and then the second 

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thing you mentioned is that we 
vote. 

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So you get presumably the 
majority opinion right now. 

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This is oversimplifying a number
of ways. 

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Okay, there are ways in which 
you can get laws that are 

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unpopular right which the 
majority of people do not agree 

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with that happens. 
Sometimes. 

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But you know, that isn't really 
the main point. 

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Anyway, anyway, the main point 
is how does the majority of 

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people get the right to force 
their will on the minority right

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there. 
So I have a story that's an 

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analogy for this where I go to, 
I go to a restaurant with some 

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friends and you know graduate 
students and be at the end of 

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the meal after everybody's 
enjoyed the meal and the drinks 

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and whatever, we have a 
discussion about who should pay 

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right and I suggest everybody 
should pay for the stuff that 

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they ordered, right? 
And then a student says, I think

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humor should pay for everyone. 
I go. 

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No, I don't want to pay for 
everyone they go. 

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Okay. 
Well, let's have a discussion of

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this right? 
And then they have a debate 

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about whether I should be forced
to pay for everyone. 

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Right? 
And I'm to be fair. 

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I'm allowed to participate in 
the debate rightful free speech.

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So I give my objections to 
forcing you to pay everything. 

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But then in the end, the 
majority of the other people 

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vote that I have to pay for 
everyone. 

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Okay, and so question. 
Are they now entitled to force 

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me to pay? 
So, if I don't take out my 

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wallet and hand over the money. 
Can they now kidnap me and lock 

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me in a cage somewhere. 
Also. 

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Am I morally? 
Obligated to hand over the money

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because, you know, the other 
people at the table, one 

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meteorite take it. 
The answer is no. 

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And you know, this is 
completely. 

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This is a completely Fair 
analogy to what the government 

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does, right. 
Okay, you might think it's a 

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little bit a little bit unfair 
because, you know, asking me to 

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pay for everyone. 
Maybe you think that's more 

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unfair than the things that the 
government usually does. 

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So if I change it to they forced
me to pay for, you know, like 

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half of the entire bill or and 
I'm one of several people and 

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they're demanding that I should 
pay for half of it. 

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That's totally realistic. 
That's totally like what the 

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government does, right? 
They force a small minority of 

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society to pay the majority of 
the taxes, too. 

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Provide services to everyone 
else. 

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In fact, what it's really like 
is they want me to pay more than

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the bills so that I can give 
Kickbacks to the poor students, 

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right? 
Who ordered food, but don't 

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don't have a lot of money. 
They want money from me. 

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So I pay like, you know, more 
than a hundred percent of the 

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bill and then the extra money 
goes to The Graduate students. 

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All right. 
Okay, and that's that's like our

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system. 
Now I have a argument brought To

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Us by Cass. 
Sunstein and Stephen Holmes in 

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their long essay titled, the 
cost of Rights. 

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Why Liberty depends on taxes. 
They say there are no legally 

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enforceable rights in the 
absence of Legally enforceable. 

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Duties. 
All rights are claims to an 

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affirmative governmental 
response. 

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So the reason you might see 
something as a - Eat me not 

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enslaving you. 
The very fact that I will be 

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stopped by the police. 
From enslaving, you is actually 

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a positive right? 
There are only positive rights. 

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The only reason we have any sort
of semblance of peace is because

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of the state, the state only 
exists because of taxes. 

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Therefore, taxes are morally and
economically justifiable. 

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Yeah, I guess the main most 
obvious where I disagree with 

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that is that I'm an anarchist 
anarcho-capitalist. 

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So I don't think that 
enforcement of Rights depends 

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upon this state. 
I think it could be enforced. 

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They could be enforced by 
private organizations. 

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I also kind of think that this 
idea is confusing having rights 

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with the enforcement of Rights. 
So I think so if you have a 

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right, I think it's true that 
you have a right. 82, the 

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enforcement of that, but that's 
not a positive, right? 

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As so. 
If you have a right to 

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something, it's permissible for 
you to use Force to defend that 

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right. 
It's also permissible for third 

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party to use Force to defend 
that, right, but I don't think 

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that that means that you can 
force a third party to help you 

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enforce your rights. 
You can't do that. 

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Right? 
So like in that sense the 

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enforceability it's it's a 
negative, right? 

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Not a positive, right? 
Like you can't you can't demand 

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that other people enforce it 
just because it's, you're right.

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You could, if you have a 
contract. 

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So if you hired somebody to 
enforce your rights, then you 

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can demand that they do that. 
But you know, that's just like, 

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all right, so it's not like, you
know, the welfare rights, right?

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That the, the left posits right 
now. 

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Does the government have an 
obligation to protect people? 

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Well, it does because it has an 
obligation. 

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It's based upon the it's other 
wrongful actions, right? 

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So the government has forcibly 
prevented private enforcement of

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Rights. 
So I so they won't allow, you 

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know, private protection 
agencies to operate. 

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And so because they're doing 
that they're obligated to 

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provide the service to write and
they're doing that doesn't make 

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it all. 
Okay, right, but, you know, it's

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less bad than if they prevent 
you from getting private defense

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and then refuse to defend 
themselves, right? 

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Now, one thing you are not 
appreciating is the benefits 

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that you reap from the state. 
The state has given us roads 

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highways schools, which educate 
millions of people which give 

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you an educated Society to live 
in. 

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We have foreign Justice. 
What the US military, we have 

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domestic Justice with the police
there. 

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For taxation is simply a price 
you pay just like you would pay 

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anything else, but it's very 
hard to exclude some people when

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they protect us. 
From the terrorists. 

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Therefore, the state is morally 
justified in coercing. 

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You because we don't have any 
economic way of excluding others

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from these benefits. 
You and other anarchists are so 

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unappreciative of. 
Yeah. 

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Well, I mean so you mentioned 
four different benefits and I 

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think at least three of those 
are clearly not public goods, so

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you mentioned roads, Schools 
Police and the military, well, 

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you You can exclude people from 
roads. 

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And what's the problem that? 
All right. 

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Just like, you know, just like 
any other land, you could like, 

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keep people off at. 
So, you know, we're not going to

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say land is a public good now, 
right? 

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Schools. 
Yeah, you can easily exclude 

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people from school. 
So just don't let the students 

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enroll, whatever. 
Back, we do that all the time 

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and police protection. 
Well, I mean there is there are 

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spillover effects, like, 
spillover benefits from police 

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protection, but basically, yeah,
you can totally exclude people 

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from that. 
So, Um, the police could say, 

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you know, you have to protect, 
you have to pay a certain amount

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of money every month. 
Otherwise, you're not protected 

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and what that would mean is, if 
somebody commits a crime against

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you, the government doesn't do 
anything about it. 

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00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:03,400
So like that would be excluding 
people from the police 

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00:11:03,400 --> 00:11:04,800
protection. 
Okay. 

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00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:08,000
So like, you know, somebody is 
accused of committing a crime 

205
00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:11,800
against you and then comes out 
in court that you didn't pay 

206
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your bill, then they go case 
dismissed. 

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00:11:14,900 --> 00:11:16,100
So like they can totally do 
that. 

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00:11:16,200 --> 00:11:18,400
Oh, it's a private good. 
So there's no need to have the 

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00:11:18,408 --> 00:11:20,600
government provide that these 
things, right? 

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00:11:21,800 --> 00:11:24,900
Okay, what about the military? 
I mean, so some of what the 

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military is doing. 
I don't want them to do, right? 

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00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:33,400
Actually most of what they're 
doing and is so, you know, the 

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amount of money that they're 
taking over this, right? 

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00:11:35,700 --> 00:11:38,700
So I actually I don't know what 
the I don't know what the recent

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figures are, right, but the u.s.
Is the largest military spender 

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00:11:43,400 --> 00:11:47,000
in the world by like the last 
time I checked which Years ago, 

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00:11:47,000 --> 00:11:49,200
it was by a factor of six, 
right? 

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00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:51,000
In other words. 
We were spending more on the 

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military six times more than the
number two military spender. 

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And so, in my point, there is 
the overwhelming majority of 

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00:11:59,100 --> 00:12:01,800
what they're doing is not 
necessary, right? 

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00:12:02,200 --> 00:12:04,900
Because I think like, if you 
have the largest military in the

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00:12:04,900 --> 00:12:08,000
world, that's the most that you 
could conceivably say that you 

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need. 
And so anything that's above 

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being the largest, which means, 
you know, if your six times 

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larger than 56 of what you're 
doing. 

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00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:18,800
Is that unnecessary at least 
right? 

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00:12:19,700 --> 00:12:23,500
Anyway, okay, but still, they're
probably doing, you know, at 

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00:12:23,500 --> 00:12:25,500
least some of it is probably 
necessary. 

230
00:12:25,800 --> 00:12:28,100
Yeah, I mean, then we basically 
have to talk about how the 

231
00:12:28,100 --> 00:12:31,600
anarchist Society could be safe 
from Invasion, right? 

232
00:12:32,500 --> 00:12:34,100
You know, part of what the 
government is doing is 

233
00:12:34,100 --> 00:12:36,600
preventing non-government 
Solutions, right? 

234
00:12:37,300 --> 00:12:42,100
So I mean, you know, sort of 
like going digressing a little 

235
00:12:42,100 --> 00:12:45,300
bit but with the road schools on
police, the reason why I only 

236
00:12:45,300 --> 00:12:48,500
the government is Is providing 
these things is that? 

237
00:12:48,700 --> 00:12:51,300
Well, they basically prevented 
other people from providing it 

238
00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:55,100
as so they don't prohibit 
private schools. 

239
00:12:55,100 --> 00:12:59,200
But at least at the pre college 
level, they the government gives

240
00:12:59,200 --> 00:13:03,900
themselves a huge advantage. 
And the huge Advantage is people

241
00:13:03,900 --> 00:13:07,100
have to pay regardless of 
whether they use the service. 

242
00:13:07,600 --> 00:13:09,100
Okay? 
Have a private company could do,

243
00:13:09,100 --> 00:13:12,300
that would totally take over an 
industry, right? 

244
00:13:12,400 --> 00:13:14,100
Okay. 
Anyway, so like part of why I'm 

245
00:13:14,100 --> 00:13:18,000
not grateful is like there. 
Therefore their prohibiting, you

246
00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:21,500
or otherwise or like interfering
with you getting the good from 

247
00:13:21,500 --> 00:13:24,700
anyone else and then they say, 
you know, you should be so 

248
00:13:24,700 --> 00:13:28,200
grateful to us, right? 
That that we're providing this 

249
00:13:28,200 --> 00:13:30,300
otherwise, you wouldn't have it.
Yeah, I wouldn't have it because

250
00:13:30,300 --> 00:13:32,800
you won't let anyone else 
provided anyway, okay. 

251
00:13:33,000 --> 00:13:35,100
Back to the military. 
Now, there's kind of like 

252
00:13:35,300 --> 00:13:38,000
there's a long discussion that 
you have to have about how we 

253
00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:41,100
would have security without a 
government military in like the 

254
00:13:41,100 --> 00:13:44,100
anarcho-capitalist society which
like, we don't have time to go 

255
00:13:44,100 --> 00:13:47,600
into all of that. 
I Say, you know, like one 

256
00:13:47,600 --> 00:13:50,300
interesting fact that you might 
not be aware of, is that there 

257
00:13:50,300 --> 00:13:53,700
are 15 countries in the world 
that do not have a military. 

258
00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:56,700
Right. 
So that's like just empirical 

259
00:13:56,700 --> 00:13:59,900
evidence that it's not the case 
that you're immediately taken 

260
00:13:59,900 --> 00:14:01,100
over. 
If you don't have a military, 

261
00:14:01,100 --> 00:14:02,700
right? 
The largest of these countries 

262
00:14:02,700 --> 00:14:06,500
is Costa Rica. 
Some of them are island nations.

263
00:14:06,500 --> 00:14:09,800
So then, you know, like, you can
kind of understand why there are

264
00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:13,100
more secure than if they have 
other countries on the border. 

265
00:14:13,100 --> 00:14:17,000
Okay, but you know, other things
to mention are the effectiveness

266
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:19,900
of Guerrilla warfare, right? 
Like people frequently today. 

267
00:14:19,900 --> 00:14:22,800
This happens in the gun control 
debate, people say like private 

268
00:14:22,800 --> 00:14:24,500
individuals cannot defend 
themselves. 

269
00:14:24,700 --> 00:14:28,000
Government, and then you remind 
them that that has happened 

270
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:31,900
multiple times, right? 
Like very powerful government 

271
00:14:31,900 --> 00:14:35,100
militaries have been defeated by
non-government forces. 

272
00:14:35,100 --> 00:14:38,500
Many times in 20th century 
happened to the United States. 

273
00:14:38,900 --> 00:14:41,900
In Vietnam. 
It happened to the Soviet Union 

274
00:14:41,900 --> 00:14:44,700
in Afghanistan happened to the 
French that happened to the 

275
00:14:44,700 --> 00:14:46,300
English. 
Okay, and I mentioned those 

276
00:14:46,300 --> 00:14:50,600
because our those are the four, 
most militarily powerful nations

277
00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:53,800
in world history and they were 
all defeated by Guerilla 

278
00:14:53,800 --> 00:14:56,300
Warfare, right? 
Right by non-government 

279
00:14:56,300 --> 00:14:57,900
militaries. 
Okay. 

280
00:14:57,900 --> 00:15:00,000
Now you don't want that to 
happen. 

281
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:01,700
Like you don't want to have any 
conflict at all. 

282
00:15:01,700 --> 00:15:04,500
Okay, so like going into 
guerrilla warfare is like a last

283
00:15:04,500 --> 00:15:07,000
resort, but I'm just pointing 
out that it's not totally 

284
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:11,000
infeasible. 
Anyway, there's a whole chapter 

285
00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:13,800
about this in the problem of 
political Authority about, you 

286
00:15:13,800 --> 00:15:16,800
know, military defense, which I 
think people should just read 

287
00:15:16,800 --> 00:15:23,400
that chapter in its entirety. 
Now I am so terrified that the 

288
00:15:23,400 --> 00:15:26,600
poor will not be taken care of 
in the absence of a state. 

289
00:15:26,700 --> 00:15:30,100
Currently. 
We have the state going to very 

290
00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:34,000
large extent to make sure that 
the poor have these things. 

291
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,700
Whereas if we don't have a 
state, we might get large 

292
00:15:37,700 --> 00:15:41,700
portions of our society, not 
taken care of in the marketplace

293
00:15:41,700 --> 00:15:45,000
as much as I like the idea of 
things being voluntary and 

294
00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:48,500
peaceful and all that. 
We have poor people who simply 

295
00:15:48,500 --> 00:15:50,600
need help. 
We won't have that help in the 

296
00:15:50,600 --> 00:15:52,400
absence of a state. 
Therefore. 

297
00:15:52,400 --> 00:15:55,400
The state is Justified on 
utilitarian grounds. 

298
00:15:55,500 --> 00:15:57,300
How do you respond? 
Yeah. 

299
00:15:57,300 --> 00:16:00,800
Okay, good question. 
I mean, you know, a few things 

300
00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:04,000
to point out. 
It's relevant to point out that 

301
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:06,800
it's not totally obvious that 
the government anti-poverty 

302
00:16:06,800 --> 00:16:09,600
programs are helping rather than
harming. 

303
00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:12,800
I think there's a non stupid 
argument that they might 

304
00:16:12,800 --> 00:16:16,400
actually be increasing poverty. 
This is argued by Charles Murray

305
00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:18,700
and his famous book losing 
ground. 

306
00:16:19,300 --> 00:16:22,800
And I and what Murray says is 
well, you know, government 

307
00:16:23,300 --> 00:16:26,800
spending on social welfare 
programs dramatically increased 

308
00:16:26,800 --> 00:16:29,600
since the from the start of the 
1960s. 

309
00:16:29,900 --> 00:16:33,900
And poverty did not go down. 
And in fact, you know, it looked

310
00:16:33,900 --> 00:16:38,800
like maybe got worse great and 
his explanation for this 

311
00:16:38,800 --> 00:16:40,900
theoretical explanation is 
something like the government 

312
00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:44,800
poverty, programs. 
Make it easier in the short term

313
00:16:45,100 --> 00:16:48,300
to engage in behaviors that are 
self-destructive in the long 

314
00:16:48,300 --> 00:16:49,700
term. 
All right. 

315
00:16:49,700 --> 00:16:52,900
So like they soften the cost of 
doing things, like, losing your 

316
00:16:52,900 --> 00:16:56,400
job, dropping out of school 
having children out of wedlock. 

317
00:16:57,500 --> 00:16:59,500
So that, you know, the 
government gives you money when 

318
00:16:59,500 --> 00:17:02,400
you do that. 
And but in the long term, this 

319
00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:04,300
is going to stop you from 
getting ahead in life. 

320
00:17:04,300 --> 00:17:06,700
Right? 
So like I think it's not at all 

321
00:17:06,700 --> 00:17:09,800
obvious that the government is 
helping the problem of poverty 

322
00:17:09,800 --> 00:17:14,400
and rather than making it worse.
Anyway, the other thing to say 

323
00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:18,900
is so try to thought experiment.
Let's say that I'm running a 

324
00:17:18,900 --> 00:17:22,099
charity. 
That helps the poor and let's 

325
00:17:22,099 --> 00:17:26,099
say that I feel like there's not
enough voluntary contributions, 

326
00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:30,200
which is what people say about. 
Like, you know, when I say, hey,

327
00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:32,600
you know, if you want to help 
the poor just donate to one of 

328
00:17:32,600 --> 00:17:34,500
these private Charities are the 
private Charities that are 

329
00:17:34,500 --> 00:17:36,900
helping the poor. 
Okay, and then people say, yeah,

330
00:17:36,900 --> 00:17:38,300
but they're not going to get 
enough money. 

331
00:17:38,400 --> 00:17:40,100
Right? 
So let's say that I'm running 

332
00:17:40,100 --> 00:17:43,000
one of these Charities and I 
feel like I'm not getting enough

333
00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:45,500
voluntary contributions. 
And so I just go out and I 

334
00:17:45,500 --> 00:17:48,800
started mugging people right? 
Like, you know, me people on the

335
00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:50,300
street. 
May I say you look like you've 

336
00:17:50,300 --> 00:17:53,100
got some money and then point 
the gun at them hand over your 

337
00:17:53,100 --> 00:17:54,600
money. 
Don't worry. 

338
00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:57,900
It's going to the boy. 
Is this good behavior on my 

339
00:17:57,900 --> 00:18:01,200
part. 
Like, I think this, I think, 

340
00:18:01,200 --> 00:18:03,400
most people would agree. 
This is not good behavior. 

341
00:18:03,900 --> 00:18:06,400
Does not seem very good. 
Okay. 

342
00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:09,000
Now, if you're okay with that, 
like so there are some, you 

343
00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:13,100
know, like if you're a hardcore 
leftist, you might say, yeah, 

344
00:18:13,100 --> 00:18:14,500
that's totally fine. 
Do that. 

345
00:18:14,500 --> 00:18:16,200
Right? 
So, if that's your view than 

346
00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:17,600
this argument, didn't work on 
you. 

347
00:18:17,700 --> 00:18:21,000
Okay, but most people think No, 
you can't do that. 

348
00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:22,700
Okay. 
Well, if you can't do that, then

349
00:18:22,700 --> 00:18:24,800
the government doesn't have any 
better reason for what it's 

350
00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:25,400
doing. 
Right? 

351
00:18:25,500 --> 00:18:27,200
What it's doing is kind of the 
same things. 

352
00:18:29,900 --> 00:18:34,800
Now, what we need to also assume
as that in the absence of a 

353
00:18:34,800 --> 00:18:38,000
state, we would have drastic 
wealth inequality. 

354
00:18:38,100 --> 00:18:41,800
This would create a terrible 
imbalance of power. 

355
00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:46,100
We're a small group of 
individuals would have virtual 

356
00:18:46,100 --> 00:18:51,700
domination at in society, 
leaving us, sort of, at their 

357
00:18:51,700 --> 00:18:53,900
whim. 
They want something to be done. 

358
00:18:54,100 --> 00:18:58,400
They have all the money and 
resources, effectively enslaving

359
00:18:58,400 --> 00:19:01,400
the rest of us does. 
Potential of drastic wealth 

360
00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:05,200
inequality justify the existence
of political Authority, you 

361
00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:08,500
know, I mean, oh, that sounded 
like a very trenchant 

362
00:19:08,500 --> 00:19:10,800
observation about our society, 
right? 

363
00:19:11,500 --> 00:19:14,400
And you know, the group that has
Total Domination is the 

364
00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:16,500
government. 
That's what they're called. 

365
00:19:16,800 --> 00:19:20,200
I saw like, okay, you know, 
let's have some group that has 

366
00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:23,400
Total Domination over Society in
order to prevent that same thing

367
00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:28,400
from happening is a little bit 
weird, you know, so I'm not I'm 

368
00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:30,900
not terribly worried about well.
Athena quality per se. 

369
00:19:31,100 --> 00:19:35,800
I am more worried about power 
inequality, right? 

370
00:19:35,800 --> 00:19:38,700
Which is exactly why there's a 
problem with having government 

371
00:19:38,700 --> 00:19:43,100
because that's just like exactly
what it is right now. 

372
00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,600
Why am I not worried about 
wealth inequality per se? 

373
00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:49,000
Yeah. 
I I don't think that there's any

374
00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:52,600
intrinsic value to equality. 
I think that there's something 

375
00:19:52,600 --> 00:19:55,800
bad about people who are unable 
to meet their needs, right? 

376
00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:58,300
If you can't meet your basic 
needs, that's bad, but if you 

377
00:19:58,300 --> 00:20:01,200
can meet your basic needs, but 
Just don't have as much extra 

378
00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:04,000
stuff if somebody else has. 
So what I don't care. 

379
00:20:04,500 --> 00:20:07,200
Okay. 
Now I have discussions of this 

380
00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:09,800
in academic articles, right? 
I would say that I've proved 

381
00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:11,900
that equality has no intrinsic 
value. 

382
00:20:12,100 --> 00:20:15,900
Okay, but it's kind of take a 
while and it requires some 

383
00:20:15,900 --> 00:20:19,000
diagrams to show that to go 
through that argument. 

384
00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:22,700
So I will just like, you know, 
I'll just say dogmatically that 

385
00:20:22,700 --> 00:20:25,300
I don't think it has intrinsic 
value and then you can read my 

386
00:20:25,300 --> 00:20:29,300
papers on this, what else? 
Okay, sometimes people worry 

387
00:20:29,300 --> 00:20:30,700
that. 
That oh well wealth. 

388
00:20:31,500 --> 00:20:34,200
But wealth inequality leads to 
political inequality. 

389
00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:38,900
Like that's the problem with it.
Yeah, but I mean, that's mostly 

390
00:20:38,900 --> 00:20:42,200
if you have a state right? 
And there I mean, the reason 

391
00:20:42,200 --> 00:20:45,400
that that's true is that you use
your money to buy Congressman or

392
00:20:45,400 --> 00:20:47,400
things like that, right? 
Okay. 

393
00:20:47,700 --> 00:20:51,200
That is you find the congressman
who you think are going to serve

394
00:20:51,200 --> 00:20:53,200
the interest of your company and
then you donate to their 

395
00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:55,500
campaigns and stuff like that. 
Right? 

396
00:20:55,500 --> 00:20:58,800
And then, you know, you find 
congressman who you don't like 

397
00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:01,500
what they're doing and And you 
kind of like fund a primary 

398
00:21:01,500 --> 00:21:02,600
Challenger or something like 
that? 

399
00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:05,200
Okay. 
That's why wealth inequality 

400
00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:08,000
leads to political inequality. 
Like I don't see how it happens 

401
00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:13,900
if you don't have a state. 
Yes, the best example of this 

402
00:21:13,900 --> 00:21:16,400
is, you know, someone like 
Donald Trump. 

403
00:21:16,500 --> 00:21:20,700
It's like, but we weren't, we 
were bugged by him, you know, 

404
00:21:20,700 --> 00:21:24,100
10, 20 years ago, but we were 
never terrified that he was 

405
00:21:24,100 --> 00:21:27,000
going to start a war that he was
going to steal trillions. 

406
00:21:27,000 --> 00:21:30,100
Annually that he was going to 
lie us and expand welfare 

407
00:21:30,100 --> 00:21:32,300
programs. 
He's drastically expanded the 

408
00:21:32,300 --> 00:21:35,200
money supply to the point where 
we're experiencing inflation 

409
00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:38,100
already. 
So we actually have a real world

410
00:21:38,100 --> 00:21:41,200
example, of a billionaire, who 
while he had power. 

411
00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:43,300
It was nothing like political 
power. 

412
00:21:43,300 --> 00:21:47,200
This is I think this actually 
refutes the case almost 

413
00:21:47,200 --> 00:21:50,100
completely that we need to worry
about market and equality. 

414
00:21:50,300 --> 00:21:54,600
Its political inequality, that 
really allows people to enforce 

415
00:21:54,600 --> 00:21:57,000
their evil. 
I mean private citizen, Henry 

416
00:21:57,000 --> 00:21:59,800
Kissinger or Chairman Mao can 
imagine. 

417
00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:01,800
They would commit their 
atrocities. 

418
00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:09,100
If we saw them as equals more or
less about some example, right? 

419
00:22:09,100 --> 00:22:12,100
Like I mean, you know the, for 
all the People who hate Trump. 

420
00:22:12,100 --> 00:22:15,200
It's a great example, right? 
Because they were nowhere near 

421
00:22:15,200 --> 00:22:19,500
as upset or as worried nor 
should they be when he was just 

422
00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:22,100
a realtor? 
Just a real estate developer. 

423
00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:26,300
Yeah, in the predatory evil 
dog-eat-dog private sector. 

424
00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:30,400
Now, he serves us and only acts 
when we vote for him to do. 

425
00:22:30,400 --> 00:22:33,000
So, it's the opposite of what 
they tell us. 

426
00:22:33,900 --> 00:22:38,800
Okay, back to me being The 
Devil's Advocate corporations 

427
00:22:38,800 --> 00:22:44,500
need regulation if For this 
regulation people, in very high 

428
00:22:45,100 --> 00:22:48,200
positions of power would simply 
wreck the environment. 

429
00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:50,500
They have no incentive. 
They wouldn't protect their 

430
00:22:50,500 --> 00:22:53,800
employees who have much less 
wealth and are sort of, at the 

431
00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:57,200
mercy of their employer and 
Norwood consumers. 

432
00:22:57,400 --> 00:23:00,900
Be protected using a saw that 
could cut your hand off. 

433
00:23:00,900 --> 00:23:03,400
You could lose a finger, if we 
have a state. 

434
00:23:03,400 --> 00:23:07,100
However, we are able to curb 
their negative influence. 

435
00:23:07,100 --> 00:23:10,200
We're able to check their 
products and services before 

436
00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:14,100
they release them to the The 
public trying to profit off our 

437
00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:18,600
backs and our labor. 
Therefore, the state is morally 

438
00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:23,400
justified in so far. 
As it curbs imbalances of power 

439
00:23:23,400 --> 00:23:26,400
to make sure we have a general 
level of Safety and Security and

440
00:23:26,400 --> 00:23:28,900
Society. 
Yeah, good. 

441
00:23:28,900 --> 00:23:31,700
So, you mentioned three, kinds 
of regulations. 

442
00:23:31,700 --> 00:23:34,500
There's environmental 
regulation, regulation to 

443
00:23:34,500 --> 00:23:37,700
protect workers and regulations 
to protect consumers. 

444
00:23:38,100 --> 00:23:41,700
And I think that there's an 
important difference Between the

445
00:23:41,700 --> 00:23:43,300
first one and the other two, 
right? 

446
00:23:43,300 --> 00:23:45,700
The difference with 
environmental regulation is, 

447
00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:48,400
there's actually negative 
externalities. 

448
00:23:48,800 --> 00:23:52,500
So like, you know, if you're 
just putting pollution out into 

449
00:23:52,500 --> 00:23:56,200
the air, then you're imposing 
costs on just, you know, 

450
00:23:56,200 --> 00:24:00,300
everyone else putting a small 
cost on everyone else who 

451
00:24:00,300 --> 00:24:02,900
breathes and you don't have to 
pay for that cost. 

452
00:24:03,100 --> 00:24:06,000
And if you're you know, if 
you're a Libertarian rights, 

453
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:08,900
there is you might even think 
it's a rights violation, I 

454
00:24:08,900 --> 00:24:13,300
think. 
The case of protecting workers 

455
00:24:13,300 --> 00:24:17,300
and consumers is different. 
Because just like, you know, in 

456
00:24:17,300 --> 00:24:22,700
a normal competitive market, 
there are forces to protect the 

457
00:24:22,700 --> 00:24:26,000
workers in the consumers, right?
It's like in a, in an ordinary 

458
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:29,600
competitive market, granted 
there are mistakes in the in the

459
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,900
real world. 
But you know in theory there's a

460
00:24:32,900 --> 00:24:36,300
mechanism for protecting them 
which is well if your if your 

461
00:24:36,300 --> 00:24:40,000
job is really crappy and 
dangerous and so on, then that 

462
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:45,700
go that It goes into the the 
desirability of you working for 

463
00:24:45,700 --> 00:24:50,500
your firm, which means like you 
have to pay more to get Workers 

464
00:24:50,500 --> 00:24:52,900
to work there. 
Then a firm that was more safe, 

465
00:24:53,300 --> 00:24:56,500
which means you have an economic
incentive to not to make your 

466
00:24:56,600 --> 00:25:01,600
from reasonably safe, right? 
Not maximally safe, right? 

467
00:25:01,700 --> 00:25:04,500
But rather sort of you have the 
incentive to make it as 

468
00:25:04,500 --> 00:25:07,900
efficient as possible, Right? 
To make the safety improvements 

469
00:25:07,900 --> 00:25:11,000
that are worth it to the 
workers, right? 

470
00:25:11,500 --> 00:25:14,100
So if they would rather have 
more money and less safe 

471
00:25:14,100 --> 00:25:16,300
conditions than you do that, 
right? 

472
00:25:17,700 --> 00:25:20,400
Anyway, one of the things I 
think that people forget about 

473
00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:24,400
is, although it is within the 
government's power to fix a 

474
00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:27,200
bunch of problems. 
It is also within their power to

475
00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:30,600
worsen a bunch of problems. 
So you have to think about well,

476
00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:33,300
okay, so they have the power to 
regulate but are they going to 

477
00:25:33,300 --> 00:25:37,200
make only good regulations or 
will they be sometimes making 

478
00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:39,200
harmful regulation? 
Because they can do that too, 

479
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:41,100
right? 
They can solve. 

480
00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:45,200
Good problems, but they can also
create public bath so to speak, 

481
00:25:45,300 --> 00:25:47,300
right? 
Okay. 

482
00:25:47,300 --> 00:25:50,200
Well, I mean there have been 
studies of Regulation. 

483
00:25:50,200 --> 00:25:52,900
Right? 
So I would call, I'd like to 

484
00:25:52,900 --> 00:25:56,300
repeat this periodically. 
I recall reading an interview 

485
00:25:56,300 --> 00:25:59,200
with Ronald coase. 
This was in reason magazine. 

486
00:25:59,500 --> 00:26:01,500
I don't know the name of the 
interview anymore, but you can 

487
00:26:01,500 --> 00:26:04,600
probably find it if you search. 
Okay, so the interview Ronald 

488
00:26:04,600 --> 00:26:07,300
coase and you know, famous 
economist Nobel, prize-winning 

489
00:26:07,300 --> 00:26:10,100
Economist, and he was also the 
editor of I think it was the 

490
00:26:10,100 --> 00:26:14,200
Journal of Law and economics. 
Genomics for like 20 years. 

491
00:26:14,300 --> 00:26:17,100
Okay, and he says, during the 
interview that they published a 

492
00:26:17,100 --> 00:26:21,400
lot of studies of the effects of
a variety of different 

493
00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:25,700
regulations, right? 
And they just kept turning out 

494
00:26:25,700 --> 00:26:26,800
to be bad. 
Right? 

495
00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:29,700
They kept turning out to be 
counterproductive or to just 

496
00:26:29,700 --> 00:26:31,900
have costs that were greater 
than the benefits. 

497
00:26:32,500 --> 00:26:35,500
Now, government Regulatory 
Agencies, regularly 

498
00:26:36,300 --> 00:26:39,600
prospectively estimate, large, 
net benefits from their 

499
00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:42,400
regulations, right? 
But Later, when economists, 

500
00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:45,100
study the, if the axial effects 
of the regulations, they usually

501
00:26:45,100 --> 00:26:48,300
conclude that it was more 
harmful, right? 

502
00:26:48,300 --> 00:26:51,800
More harmful than beneficial 
and, you know, the interviewer. 

503
00:26:51,900 --> 00:26:55,300
So, but Co says, but I don't 
think that all regulations are 

504
00:26:55,300 --> 00:26:57,100
bad. 
I think we need some regulations

505
00:26:57,100 --> 00:26:59,600
and the interviewer says, okay, 
so, can you give me an example 

506
00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:01,000
of a regulation? 
That was good. 

507
00:27:01,300 --> 00:27:03,400
And he's like, well, I there 
wasn't one. 

508
00:27:04,700 --> 00:27:07,900
Okay. 
Now, In fairness, probably, they

509
00:27:07,900 --> 00:27:11,000
were only studying regulations, 
or there was at least. 

510
00:27:11,100 --> 00:27:14,700
Tobias towards regulations that 
were controversial, they 

511
00:27:14,700 --> 00:27:16,800
private. 
So he probably did not have 

512
00:27:16,800 --> 00:27:20,400
Economist studying regulations 
that were generally agreed to be

513
00:27:20,400 --> 00:27:22,600
beneficial. 
We probably only studied if 

514
00:27:22,600 --> 00:27:25,800
there was a question about it. 
Okay, but so in such cases 

515
00:27:25,800 --> 00:27:30,000
though, it regularly turns out 
that it's harmful there are so 

516
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:32,900
there are a lot of studies of 
individual regulations. 

517
00:27:32,900 --> 00:27:36,800
There's like a few articles and 
economics about kind of 

518
00:27:36,800 --> 00:27:39,600
regulation in general. 
Try to estimate the costs and 

519
00:27:39,600 --> 00:27:42,700
you get very large and that 
Okay, so there was one article 

520
00:27:42,700 --> 00:27:44,900
that estimated that it might 
have actually. 

521
00:27:44,900 --> 00:27:46,300
Now I've forgotten what the 
number was. 

522
00:27:46,300 --> 00:27:52,100
It was estimating that it had 
reduced GDP growth by other 1% 

523
00:27:52,100 --> 00:27:56,800
or 2% or something for a year. 
And then and the result of that 

524
00:27:56,900 --> 00:28:01,300
over the last 50 years is just a
huge cost, right? 

525
00:28:01,300 --> 00:28:02,900
Like tens of trillions of 
dollars. 

526
00:28:04,100 --> 00:28:08,300
I think so, you know, like after
sort of there's like the theory 

527
00:28:08,300 --> 00:28:11,300
of what government would do, if 
it was Angelic, but then there's

528
00:28:11,300 --> 00:28:14,400
what it does. 
If it's staffed by just like 

529
00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:19,800
normal humans who are flawed and
selfish and sometimes stupid. 

530
00:28:19,800 --> 00:28:21,700
And, you know, sometimes they 
don't know what they're doing, 

531
00:28:21,900 --> 00:28:26,100
and sometimes they just don't 
care that much about, you know, 

532
00:28:26,100 --> 00:28:28,300
the rest of society. 
And what happens in that 

533
00:28:28,300 --> 00:28:32,200
circumstance, which is reality 
is, you know, not that great, 

534
00:28:32,200 --> 00:28:35,500
right? 
I mean, we have also cases of 

535
00:28:35,500 --> 00:28:39,700
regulatory capture where Hank 
Paulson leaves Goldman Sachs to 

536
00:28:39,700 --> 00:28:45,300
become Secretary of the Treasury
or we have OSHA regulations. 

537
00:28:45,500 --> 00:28:48,600
I believe it was OSHA where they
stop, Elvis Summers and Jay 

538
00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:50,700
Austin. 
From building houses that would 

539
00:28:50,700 --> 00:28:55,100
cost about $1500 virtually 
solving the homeless problem 

540
00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:57,700
with total voluntary 
contributions. 

541
00:28:57,700 --> 00:29:03,200
So, yeah, looking at the 
secondary effects is is vital to

542
00:29:03,800 --> 00:29:08,700
Ending the situation. 
Now, if we have no State, there 

543
00:29:08,700 --> 00:29:14,500
will be no final Arbiter in 
disputes that will arise in 

544
00:29:14,500 --> 00:29:17,600
society. 
So, this will lead to a constant

545
00:29:17,600 --> 00:29:20,800
war of all against all, as 
Thomas, Hobbes correctly, 

546
00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:24,100
explained to us each one of us 
taking the Law into our own 

547
00:29:24,100 --> 00:29:26,000
hands. 
Each one of us having very 

548
00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:28,700
different opinions on how things
should be. 

549
00:29:28,900 --> 00:29:31,800
This would render us into a 
state of chaos. 

550
00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:37,000
The state is therefore Because 
of a very real potential for the

551
00:29:37,000 --> 00:29:40,800
existence of Chaos. 
Yeah, they're good. 

552
00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:44,000
So that the famous sort of 
hobbesian argument, right? 

553
00:29:44,100 --> 00:29:46,500
Which might be the most popular 
argument for the government. 

554
00:29:46,900 --> 00:29:49,700
I mean, basically the 
anarcho-capitalist view is we 

555
00:29:49,700 --> 00:29:53,800
need to privatize the functions 
of the police and the courts not

556
00:29:53,800 --> 00:29:57,200
that we need to get rid of them.
All right, and so like, I think 

557
00:29:57,200 --> 00:29:58,800
there's a problem that people 
don't know what the 

558
00:29:58,800 --> 00:30:01,100
anarcho-capitalist theory is. 
As soon as they hear that you're

559
00:30:01,100 --> 00:30:02,700
an anarchist. 
They think that you had this 

560
00:30:02,700 --> 00:30:05,500
completely idiotic view right 
there. 

561
00:30:05,500 --> 00:30:08,600
Like, there should be no 
institutions and just everybody 

562
00:30:08,600 --> 00:30:10,300
does anything it. 
Talk about it. 

563
00:30:10,600 --> 00:30:12,900
That's not anybody's view. 
Right? 

564
00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:15,900
It's that you can privatize 
these functions. 

565
00:30:15,900 --> 00:30:20,000
All right, and by the way, like 
how Anarchy would go, depends a 

566
00:30:20,000 --> 00:30:23,900
lot on how it comes about. 
So if the government just 

567
00:30:23,900 --> 00:30:28,600
disappeared like that today with
everything, you know else, the 

568
00:30:28,600 --> 00:30:31,300
way that it is, then there would
be chaos in the streets, the 

569
00:30:31,300 --> 00:30:34,800
next day, right? 
But there are possible 

570
00:30:34,800 --> 00:30:37,700
transitions. 
That would make it go smoothly. 

571
00:30:37,700 --> 00:30:39,700
Right? 
So the government could start a 

572
00:30:39,700 --> 00:30:43,400
Outsourcing so to speak, right? 
That is, there are government 

573
00:30:43,400 --> 00:30:44,900
police patrolling, a lot of 
areas. 

574
00:30:45,300 --> 00:30:48,200
They could start Outsourcing 
that to private companies like 

575
00:30:48,200 --> 00:30:51,800
private security guards could 
start patrolling and then, and 

576
00:30:51,800 --> 00:30:55,900
the people who are living in a 
particular, small area, like a 

577
00:30:55,900 --> 00:30:59,300
an apartment building or a 
neighborhood of houses, they 

578
00:30:59,300 --> 00:31:02,600
could decide which among many 
competing security agencies. 

579
00:31:02,600 --> 00:31:04,200
They want to be patrolling their
area. 

580
00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:07,200
Okay, so like this could start, 
you know, this is a good start 

581
00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:11,300
and spread gradually and then 
eventually It could be that all 

582
00:31:11,300 --> 00:31:15,100
or almost all of the police are 
private security guards, right? 

583
00:31:15,700 --> 00:31:19,900
And if this happens, I don't see
the chaos breaking out, right? 

584
00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:22,400
Okay, and then you worry about 
the resolution of disputes, 

585
00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:24,000
right? 
We still need the government to 

586
00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:28,300
resolve disputes or like assess 
guilt or innocence of accused 

587
00:31:28,300 --> 00:31:31,000
criminals. 
And know they can Outsource that

588
00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:34,000
to actually right there are 
private arbitration companies 

589
00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:38,000
right now and the government. 
Courts could start referring 

590
00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:41,000
more and more cases to pry. 
The arbitration, right? 

591
00:31:41,300 --> 00:31:43,900
Just say, you know, okay. 
We don't want to hear this. 

592
00:31:44,600 --> 00:31:46,900
Here's a list of arbitrators in 
your area. 

593
00:31:46,900 --> 00:31:50,100
You guys pick an arbitrary or 
anything, they could do that. 

594
00:31:50,100 --> 00:31:52,600
And then so then the court 
system could gradually shrink. 

595
00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:57,000
And if that's the way it comes, 
if that's the way that the 

596
00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:00,200
abolition of government comes 
about. 

597
00:32:00,200 --> 00:32:05,600
I don't see, you know, sudden 
chaos coming about Now, I'm 

598
00:32:05,600 --> 00:32:10,000
curious about what you think of 
the mindset of the person who 

599
00:32:10,000 --> 00:32:14,300
asks a question like this, 
because I don't think they're 

600
00:32:14,300 --> 00:32:17,200
really asking what you know, 
they say, when they say 

601
00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:21,300
something to the extent of who 
will provide Roads Courts, 

602
00:32:21,700 --> 00:32:24,100
police and military, how will 
this get done? 

603
00:32:24,200 --> 00:32:27,900
And who will provide it? 
Well, I mean, what are they 

604
00:32:27,900 --> 00:32:29,000
thinking? 
They're thinking like they have 

605
00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:31,600
no idea what the an artist is 
thinking, right? 

606
00:32:32,300 --> 00:32:34,900
So you see a bunch of That's 
provided by the government. 

607
00:32:34,900 --> 00:32:37,100
And then somebody says, let's 
get rid of the government. 

608
00:32:37,300 --> 00:32:40,500
And then like the first kind of 
like, the simplest reaction you 

609
00:32:40,500 --> 00:32:42,700
can have is, well, then 
everything, the government is 

610
00:32:42,700 --> 00:32:46,400
doing won't be done. 
I mean, there's a certain sort 

611
00:32:46,400 --> 00:32:50,500
of, like, obvious logic to that 
and then, you know, if you just 

612
00:32:50,500 --> 00:32:53,900
didn't think the next step is 
the next thing that you should 

613
00:32:53,900 --> 00:32:56,900
think. 
Is this person who is calling 

614
00:32:56,900 --> 00:33:00,700
himself, an anarchist does not 
seem retarded, and he also 

615
00:33:00,700 --> 00:33:04,000
doesn't seem insane. 
So he probably He doesn't 

616
00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:06,700
actually think the ridiculous 
thing that I just thought he was

617
00:33:06,700 --> 00:33:10,700
thinking about it. 
Like, you should think that, but

618
00:33:10,700 --> 00:33:13,100
anyway, but actually, I mean, 
this is very common that people 

619
00:33:13,100 --> 00:33:15,300
don't try to think what the 
other person's view. 

620
00:33:15,300 --> 00:33:20,700
I'd be like, okay, we are we 
must have some story about how 

621
00:33:20,700 --> 00:33:22,300
this gets were. 
Okay, but maybe then they're 

622
00:33:22,300 --> 00:33:24,700
thinking, okay, but what's the 
story about how its provided 

623
00:33:24,700 --> 00:33:28,100
like, okay? 
Now, I mean, it's not that hard 

624
00:33:28,100 --> 00:33:32,600
to think of it, though. 
Like, I mean, you know, Shirley 

625
00:33:32,700 --> 00:33:34,400
especially if you know the 
Russians are Libertarians. 

626
00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:38,400
Surely, they're going to say the
market can provide it now. 

627
00:33:38,400 --> 00:33:42,200
I think there is some question. 
So for some Goods there is a 

628
00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:44,500
serious question about how the 
market provides it. 

629
00:33:46,100 --> 00:33:49,200
So, you know, when you have 
public goods, I think, you know,

630
00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:51,300
there's a question about whether
we can provide them. 

631
00:33:53,900 --> 00:33:56,200
The roads are a little bit hard 
to provide. 

632
00:33:56,800 --> 00:33:59,500
I mean, it's a little bit hard 
because like it's hard to get 

633
00:33:59,500 --> 00:34:04,700
adequate competition. 
I like, I don't know where the 

634
00:34:04,700 --> 00:34:06,300
hell you're going to have like 
five roads. 

635
00:34:06,300 --> 00:34:09,000
I do what stacked on top of each
other by different companies or 

636
00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:11,699
something. 
Not sure like are next to each 

637
00:34:11,699 --> 00:34:14,900
other and then there's like a 
really inefficient land, use 

638
00:34:14,900 --> 00:34:17,300
their right you might worry 
about that. 

639
00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:23,300
I think that in the case of 
protection of the environment, I

640
00:34:23,308 --> 00:34:25,300
think like that's a serious 
question because there's a 

641
00:34:25,300 --> 00:34:29,300
public goods problem. 
And so like yeah, we will not 

642
00:34:29,300 --> 00:34:32,100
will not get the optimal amount 
of Environmental Protection. 

643
00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:36,500
Like, I think that's just true 
and we are still going to have 

644
00:34:36,500 --> 00:34:38,000
global warming that's going to 
keep happening. 

645
00:34:38,400 --> 00:34:41,600
Okay. 
However, I would remind everyone

646
00:34:42,300 --> 00:34:45,100
that we're getting that anyway, 
like that stuff is going to 

647
00:34:45,100 --> 00:34:46,400
happen. 
Anyway, even though we have the 

648
00:34:46,408 --> 00:34:50,000
government and in theory, the 
government could Stop global 

649
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:51,400
warming. 
They could like reduce 

650
00:34:51,400 --> 00:34:56,199
pollution, whatever and they are
doing some of it but they're not

651
00:34:56,199 --> 00:34:58,900
doing the most efficient amount 
even though in theory is 

652
00:34:58,900 --> 00:35:00,800
possible for them to and we're 
not going to have the most 

653
00:35:00,800 --> 00:35:02,700
efficient amount without the 
government either. 

654
00:35:03,100 --> 00:35:05,100
But there are a bunch of other 
problems of the government 

655
00:35:05,100 --> 00:35:07,200
produces that we will not have. 
Right. 

656
00:35:08,600 --> 00:35:10,300
Exactly. 
And what I really like about 

657
00:35:10,300 --> 00:35:12,400
this book, the problem of 
political Authority and 

658
00:35:12,400 --> 00:35:15,600
examination of the right to 
coerce and duty to obey is 

659
00:35:15,600 --> 00:35:18,300
anytime you take a criticism. 
You say. 

660
00:35:18,300 --> 00:35:19,700
Yeah. 
That It's a really good 

661
00:35:19,700 --> 00:35:21,200
criticism. 
It's going to be hard to 

662
00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:24,500
distribute Justice in society, 
with hundreds of millions of 

663
00:35:24,500 --> 00:35:28,700
people, by the way, giving a 
group of people a coercively 

664
00:35:28,700 --> 00:35:31,400
funded Monopoly does not solve 
this issue. 

665
00:35:31,400 --> 00:35:33,800
In fact, it applies tenfold 
because they don't have the 

666
00:35:33,800 --> 00:35:36,700
incentive of. 
Hey, we might lose our funding 

667
00:35:36,700 --> 00:35:40,700
if we, you know, choked Eric 
Garner to death or if we kill a 

668
00:35:40,700 --> 00:35:45,000
bunch of churchgoers in Texas, 
or if we lie people into a Gulf 

669
00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:48,900
of Tonkin War based on an event 
that didn't even happen or they,

670
00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:54,100
Why us into Iraq, I mean the 
idea that things are imperfect. 

671
00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:56,000
Therefore. 
This group has a coercively 

672
00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:58,800
funded Monopoly on Law and Order
and Society. 

673
00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:04,200
It's like the greatest 
non-sequitur and I'm sorry, did 

674
00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:06,700
you want to respond to that? 
You know, so, I mean, I think 

675
00:36:06,700 --> 00:36:09,500
there's a problem that people 
kind of apply different ways of 

676
00:36:09,500 --> 00:36:12,200
reasoning to the market versus 
the government, right? 

677
00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:14,500
When their reasoning about the 
government, they sort of 

678
00:36:14,500 --> 00:36:17,000
idealize it and assume that the 
government is going to do. 

679
00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:18,900
The best thing that's within its
power to do. 

680
00:36:19,100 --> 00:36:20,500
Something. 
And when they think about the 

681
00:36:20,500 --> 00:36:23,800
market, they think about how 
most people are selfish and 

682
00:36:23,800 --> 00:36:27,500
assume that agents in the market
are going to behave selfishly. 

683
00:36:27,900 --> 00:36:33,800
And the second thing is correct.
People are selfish, but what's 

684
00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:35,900
wrong is failing to apply that 
to the government. 

685
00:36:35,900 --> 00:36:38,900
And then when you when you 
realize that the government is 

686
00:36:38,900 --> 00:36:41,600
staffed by the same, kind of 
selfish entities. 

687
00:36:41,600 --> 00:36:45,700
Namely humans, as companies are 
in the market. 

688
00:36:45,900 --> 00:36:47,700
Okay, then you have to start 
thinking about the incentive 

689
00:36:47,700 --> 00:36:51,100
structure and the So structure 
with government is really bad. 

690
00:36:51,500 --> 00:36:55,800
They have a monopoly which means
that if they totally fuck up, 

691
00:36:55,800 --> 00:36:59,200
you still have no one else to 
turn to they totally fuck up. 

692
00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:01,700
You cannot fire them and go to 
their competitor because they 

693
00:37:01,700 --> 00:37:04,800
don't have a relevant 
competitor, right? 

694
00:37:05,500 --> 00:37:07,000
And you know, and then you 
think. 

695
00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:09,200
Oh, yeah, but it's going to be 
fixed by democracy. 

696
00:37:09,300 --> 00:37:11,600
But then, if you spend some time
thinking about the incentive 

697
00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:13,800
structures of democracy, you 
realize that that's totally 

698
00:37:13,800 --> 00:37:16,700
fucked up, right? 
You realize that the voters have

699
00:37:16,700 --> 00:37:20,600
no incentive to pay attention. 
Because like my probability of 

700
00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:22,700
flipping the outcome of an 
election is like one in a 

701
00:37:22,707 --> 00:37:25,900
million between one and a 
million and one in 10 million or

702
00:37:25,908 --> 00:37:27,200
something like that. 
Right? 

703
00:37:28,700 --> 00:37:32,600
So I'm just not going to spend 
any time, you know, trying to 

704
00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:35,600
research issues or find out what
this politicians, real voting 

705
00:37:35,600 --> 00:37:38,500
record is and so on because I'm 
just going to get whoever the 

706
00:37:38,500 --> 00:37:44,700
majority of of ignoramuses elect
anyway on the basis of like 

707
00:37:44,700 --> 00:37:47,800
who's better-looking, who spent 
more money on campaign ads and 

708
00:37:47,800 --> 00:37:50,000
stuff like that, right? 
Like that's the incentives on 

709
00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:52,900
the voters and then the 
incentives on the politicians 

710
00:37:53,200 --> 00:37:55,200
are well. 
Okay, that means that we don't 

711
00:37:55,200 --> 00:37:58,200
have to pay attention to what's 
actually good or bad. 

712
00:37:58,200 --> 00:37:59,600
Right? 
Because the voters aren't paying

713
00:37:59,600 --> 00:38:01,400
attention. 
They don't know what we're 

714
00:38:01,400 --> 00:38:02,700
doing. 
Right? 

715
00:38:02,700 --> 00:38:06,300
And I use this illustration, you
know, periodically for students.

716
00:38:06,300 --> 00:38:10,000
I ask them if they can identify 
like the last vote that their 

717
00:38:10,000 --> 00:38:13,400
Congressman did first first. 
Can you identify who your 

718
00:38:13,400 --> 00:38:17,000
congressman is? 
And most people don't know that 

719
00:38:17,200 --> 00:38:18,700
if you don't even know the 
person. 

720
00:38:18,900 --> 00:38:21,400
Person's name, right? 
How are you? 

721
00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:25,200
Like, keeping that person in 
line, but then if I ask but you 

722
00:38:25,200 --> 00:38:27,300
know, like maybe half of the 
people know that person's name. 

723
00:38:27,300 --> 00:38:29,600
Okay, but I asked. 
Okay, and like what was the last

724
00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:33,500
vote that he did in Congress? 
Like nobody ever knows, right? 

725
00:38:33,700 --> 00:38:38,900
Unless you ask this right after 
a really famous vote like, you 

726
00:38:38,900 --> 00:38:41,500
know, the impeachment vote. 
If I ask right after the 

727
00:38:41,500 --> 00:38:44,600
impeachment, on Trump vote, then
substantial number of people 

728
00:38:44,600 --> 00:38:46,200
would know how their Congressman
voted. 

729
00:38:46,500 --> 00:38:49,200
But other than that in the 
ordinary course of And people 

730
00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:52,200
have no idea what the person is 
doing, which means there's no 

731
00:38:52,200 --> 00:38:55,300
incentive for the congressman to
be careful that they're serving 

732
00:38:55,300 --> 00:38:57,100
the interest of their 
constituents. 

733
00:38:58,400 --> 00:39:01,900
What would you say is the 
principal difference between a 

734
00:39:01,900 --> 00:39:06,600
state making laws that Citizens,
need to follow or they get 

735
00:39:06,600 --> 00:39:11,600
punished versus a homeowner's 
association which has for 

736
00:39:11,600 --> 00:39:14,700
example, a no drinking alcohol 
policy. 

737
00:39:14,900 --> 00:39:16,800
Okay. 
So let's just use that. 

738
00:39:16,900 --> 00:39:19,600
What is the difference between 
the American president? 

739
00:39:20,100 --> 00:39:23,500
Outlawing alcohol, and 
prohibition versus an HOA. 

740
00:39:23,500 --> 00:39:25,600
Outlawing alcohol in their 
neighborhood. 

741
00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:29,900
Is it just sighs? 
Yeah, I mean, well, I assumed 

742
00:39:29,900 --> 00:39:32,500
we'd be talking about the 
legislator legislature. 

743
00:39:32,500 --> 00:39:36,800
Outlawing alcohol, or whatever. 
Yeah, what's the diff? 

744
00:39:36,800 --> 00:39:39,000
So, I mean, there are two 
important differences between 

745
00:39:39,000 --> 00:39:44,000
government and Market, provision
of whatever, you know, of a 

746
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:46,400
product or whatever. 
The differences are 

747
00:39:46,400 --> 00:39:50,200
voluntariness versus coercion 
and competition versus Monopoly.

748
00:39:50,700 --> 00:39:51,800
Okay. 
So with a homeowner's 

749
00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:55,800
association, you have an actual 
contract, right? 

750
00:39:55,800 --> 00:39:58,800
Not the fictional. 
Track, like the social contract 

751
00:39:58,800 --> 00:40:01,500
but like, an actual literal 
contract where there's a piece 

752
00:40:01,500 --> 00:40:04,900
of paper that says the terms, 
and there's your signature on 

753
00:40:04,900 --> 00:40:06,900
the bottom of it. 
That's what I mean, like 

754
00:40:06,900 --> 00:40:09,800
contract. 
Not like somebody just said, you

755
00:40:09,800 --> 00:40:12,100
have to agree to this or get out
of your own house. 

756
00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:14,600
Okay. 
So and with a government, you 

757
00:40:14,607 --> 00:40:17,800
don't have a contract, right? 
You didn't agree that you would,

758
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:20,800
you're just born into it and 
then they just say you have to 

759
00:40:20,800 --> 00:40:23,800
have us like you have to obey us
or else. 

760
00:40:24,500 --> 00:40:27,500
And then there's the difference 
of competition, which is There 

761
00:40:27,500 --> 00:40:30,400
are there's more than one 
homeowners association and 

762
00:40:30,400 --> 00:40:32,500
there's only one government 
right now. 

763
00:40:32,500 --> 00:40:35,600
That's like, you might say, well
not exactly because you can move

764
00:40:35,600 --> 00:40:37,600
to another country to get 
another government. 

765
00:40:38,800 --> 00:40:41,700
And also like you could move to 
another neighborhood to get a 

766
00:40:41,707 --> 00:40:43,200
different HOA. 
Okay. 

767
00:40:43,500 --> 00:40:47,800
So the real difference is that 
there's sort of like the 

768
00:40:47,800 --> 00:40:52,600
competition is more meaningful 
in the case of an HOA because 

769
00:40:52,600 --> 00:40:56,100
the cost of switching to the 
competitor are much lower. 

770
00:40:56,800 --> 00:41:00,800
There are costs like there are 
significant costs of if you 

771
00:41:00,800 --> 00:41:02,600
don't like your HOA and you want
to get a different one, there 

772
00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:05,000
are significant costs. 
Like if you're a homeowner, you 

773
00:41:05,000 --> 00:41:07,300
have to sell your home and 
they're a big transaction costs.

774
00:41:07,300 --> 00:41:08,300
Oh, okay. 
That's true. 

775
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:13,600
So for that reason, HOAs can 
kind of screw up a fair amount, 

776
00:41:14,100 --> 00:41:16,300
right? 
But, you know, there is still a 

777
00:41:16,308 --> 00:41:19,800
limit because they can't screw 
up so much that it's worth it to

778
00:41:19,800 --> 00:41:22,000
you to sell your house to get 
away from him. 

779
00:41:22,500 --> 00:41:25,500
Okay. 
Now, with the government also, 

780
00:41:25,500 --> 00:41:29,900
it is may be possible to move 
but the costs are way higher. 

781
00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:32,300
Do you have to leave behind your
society? 

782
00:41:32,300 --> 00:41:36,300
Which means you might leave 
behind the whole culture that 

783
00:41:36,300 --> 00:41:38,400
you're familiar with and you 
have to leave. 

784
00:41:38,500 --> 00:41:41,200
Define behind your family and 
friends, you're going to have to

785
00:41:41,200 --> 00:41:44,000
abandon your job in most cases, 
right? 

786
00:41:44,500 --> 00:41:48,400
Furthermore. 
You may not even be legally able

787
00:41:48,400 --> 00:41:53,500
to move, right? 
Because all, or almost all 

788
00:41:53,500 --> 00:41:55,900
countries in the world, have 
immigration restrictions. 

789
00:41:56,500 --> 00:41:59,300
And so you have to try to find a
country that will let you in. 

790
00:41:59,500 --> 00:42:01,100
And there may not be any 
country. 

791
00:42:01,100 --> 00:42:03,900
That doesn't have a tyrannical 
government that will let you in.

792
00:42:03,900 --> 00:42:07,300
Right? 
So right so there's, it's just 

793
00:42:07,300 --> 00:42:09,800
that, there's a lot. 
Less competition among 

794
00:42:09,800 --> 00:42:13,700
governments there in some sense.
There's competition, right? 

795
00:42:13,700 --> 00:42:16,800
Like companies can move 
operations overseas if they 

796
00:42:16,800 --> 00:42:19,900
don't like on the regulatory 
regime, or the tax regime or 

797
00:42:19,900 --> 00:42:22,800
whatever, but it's just like 
much higher cost than in the 

798
00:42:22,800 --> 00:42:25,900
case of moving from one 
neighborhood to another 

799
00:42:25,900 --> 00:42:27,600
neighborhood that has different 
HOA. 

800
00:42:27,600 --> 00:42:31,000
We're like, okay, I move three 
miles big deal. 

801
00:42:31,300 --> 00:42:32,900
Okay. 
Now I had to take the five 

802
00:42:32,900 --> 00:42:35,200
percent cost from selling my 
house. 

803
00:42:35,200 --> 00:42:39,700
Okay, so that's annoying. 
But not as bad as moving to 

804
00:42:39,700 --> 00:42:41,900
Mexico, right? 
Yes. 

805
00:42:42,600 --> 00:42:45,900
Now where the libertarian 
Anarchist position? 

806
00:42:45,900 --> 00:42:49,100
Falls short? 
Is it turns all human beings 

807
00:42:49,100 --> 00:42:53,500
that have inherent value simply 
into dollar signs? 

808
00:42:53,600 --> 00:42:57,400
If I can't make money off you 
and this voluntary libertarian 

809
00:42:57,400 --> 00:42:59,800
Society. 
I'm not going to interact with 

810
00:42:59,800 --> 00:43:02,000
you. 
If you don't buy any of our 

811
00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:04,500
court services, you don't get a 
court system. 

812
00:43:04,800 --> 00:43:08,400
The kind generous statist 
position allowed. 

813
00:43:08,700 --> 00:43:13,900
Us to make sure that we do not 
exclude, People based on the 

814
00:43:13,900 --> 00:43:17,900
arbitrariness of how much, how 
many Federal Reserve notes they 

815
00:43:17,900 --> 00:43:19,200
have? 
Therefore. 

816
00:43:19,400 --> 00:43:23,400
The state is position is morally
superior to the anarchist 

817
00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:28,100
position, seeing not everyone as
mere dollar signs to crank 

818
00:43:28,200 --> 00:43:32,100
resources out of but as 
inherently value human beings. 

819
00:43:32,600 --> 00:43:34,700
Yeah. 
Well, maybe it's seeing them as 

820
00:43:34,700 --> 00:43:42,000
voters, right? 
No, actually, I mean this sort 

821
00:43:42,000 --> 00:43:45,800
of idea reminds me of a remark 
by David Friedman. 

822
00:43:45,800 --> 00:43:49,400
There's this example, he gives 
where, you know, you're thinking

823
00:43:49,400 --> 00:43:52,100
of taking an umbrella because it
might rain, right? 

824
00:43:52,400 --> 00:43:56,100
And on the point that he makes 
is taking the umbrella does not 

825
00:43:56,100 --> 00:43:57,800
make it rain. 
Right. 

826
00:43:57,800 --> 00:44:02,200
So like it's just recognizing 
the fact that it's going to rain

827
00:44:02,900 --> 00:44:06,800
and if it is and you take the 
umbrella and like if you decide 

828
00:44:06,800 --> 00:44:09,600
that you don't, you just hate 
the Thought of rain so much that

829
00:44:09,600 --> 00:44:11,900
you just don't want to take the 
umbrella. 

830
00:44:12,300 --> 00:44:16,200
Then you just gonna get wet. 
Okay, and now, what does this 

831
00:44:16,200 --> 00:44:18,400
have to do with the government 
versus the market? 

832
00:44:18,400 --> 00:44:22,300
Well, capitalism doesn't make 
people selfish and government 

833
00:44:22,300 --> 00:44:24,600
doesn't make people altruistic, 
right? 

834
00:44:24,600 --> 00:44:28,100
What's the case is people are 
that way, they're either selfish

835
00:44:28,100 --> 00:44:30,600
are altruistic already. 
But the thing is like, 

836
00:44:30,600 --> 00:44:35,500
capitalism uses the selfishness 
of people in order to produce, 

837
00:44:35,600 --> 00:44:38,500
right to produce goods and 
services and government just It 

838
00:44:38,508 --> 00:44:40,700
relies on people being 
altruistic. 

839
00:44:41,200 --> 00:44:44,900
So, like I'm because the idea of
government is let's just give a 

840
00:44:44,900 --> 00:44:49,000
whole bunch of power to this one
group and like, give them a 

841
00:44:49,200 --> 00:44:52,800
complete Monopoly on the 
protection and dispute 

842
00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:56,300
resolution and rulemaking 
services for society. 

843
00:44:56,300 --> 00:44:59,000
Like just give them power over 
everyone else. 

844
00:44:59,500 --> 00:45:02,200
Okay, so that does not make them
nice people. 

845
00:45:02,200 --> 00:45:07,700
What that does is it makes it so
that in order for society to 

846
00:45:07,700 --> 00:45:10,300
prosper those People have to be 
nice, right? 

847
00:45:10,400 --> 00:45:14,700
Or you know, they have to at 
least not be terrible. 

848
00:45:14,800 --> 00:45:19,400
Okay, and so and that's sort of 
like saying I don't like rain. 

849
00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:21,100
So I'm not going to take the 
umbrella, right? 

850
00:45:21,100 --> 00:45:24,800
I don't like selfishness. 
So I'm going to create a system 

851
00:45:24,800 --> 00:45:27,200
that only works if people are 
not selfish. 

852
00:45:27,700 --> 00:45:31,900
No, that's not going, right. 
You should be thinking I know, 

853
00:45:31,900 --> 00:45:34,300
like, well, yeah, I don't you 
don't like selfish. 

854
00:45:34,300 --> 00:45:38,300
Nobody like selfish. 
It's right, except Ian Rand, but

855
00:45:38,800 --> 00:45:41,400
You know, you should be 
thinking, it's still a fact, 

856
00:45:41,400 --> 00:45:44,300
it's the reality. 
So how can we design the 

857
00:45:44,300 --> 00:45:47,600
structure of society? 
So that when people are being 

858
00:45:47,600 --> 00:45:52,400
selfish like they're going to it
is less bad, right? 

859
00:45:52,400 --> 00:45:54,500
Then, you know alternative 
structures, right? 

860
00:45:54,500 --> 00:45:58,100
And that and the answer that is 
well don't have a monopoly of 

861
00:45:58,100 --> 00:46:01,000
force, right? 
Don't give one group power over 

862
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:04,100
everyone else. 
Now. 

863
00:46:04,500 --> 00:46:08,300
I am very much convinced by your
argument. 

864
00:46:08,800 --> 00:46:14,200
But I am so terrified of the 
state not being there to protect

865
00:46:14,200 --> 00:46:16,400
me. 
I have not seen cases of this 

866
00:46:16,400 --> 00:46:18,600
working historically. 
Therefore. 

867
00:46:18,600 --> 00:46:22,600
I'm going to reject it on 
grounds that we first need to 

868
00:46:22,800 --> 00:46:26,700
see it actually working before 
we can Embrace this 

869
00:46:26,700 --> 00:46:31,000
philosophical ideology. 
So your thesis is illegitimate 

870
00:46:31,000 --> 00:46:34,500
because no previous examples 
have existed. 

871
00:46:35,500 --> 00:46:38,800
Yeah, unfortunately, if this is 
a good argument, then we'll 

872
00:46:38,800 --> 00:46:42,100
never see any examples, right? 
Or at least if that's if people 

873
00:46:42,100 --> 00:46:43,700
find that argument persuasive, 
right? 

874
00:46:43,700 --> 00:46:48,600
The only way to get to get, the 
evidence is to try it now, but 

875
00:46:48,600 --> 00:46:51,400
that doesn't mean that this is 
an unreasonable argument, right?

876
00:46:51,400 --> 00:46:53,600
I mean like you might, you might
think. 

877
00:46:53,600 --> 00:46:57,300
Yeah, we should never try. 
You'll never find out because 

878
00:46:57,300 --> 00:46:59,200
it's too risky and there are 
some things that are so risky 

879
00:46:59,200 --> 00:47:01,200
that you should never find out, 
right? 

880
00:47:01,700 --> 00:47:06,500
So fair point, I guess I would 
say Well, what we should do to 

881
00:47:06,500 --> 00:47:09,800
get more information is we 
should sort of gradually move in

882
00:47:09,800 --> 00:47:13,100
the direction of 
anarcho-capitalism, right? 

883
00:47:13,400 --> 00:47:16,300
So as I was suggesting earlier, 
well, the government could start

884
00:47:16,300 --> 00:47:18,500
Outsourcing some of its 
functions, right? 

885
00:47:18,800 --> 00:47:21,000
And we'll see how it goes. 
Right? 

886
00:47:21,000 --> 00:47:23,700
And if it goes, well, then they 
can do more, right. 

887
00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:26,600
So, and actually, there is some 
amount of this happening 

888
00:47:26,600 --> 00:47:28,900
already, right? 
So there are private security 

889
00:47:28,900 --> 00:47:31,300
guard companies. 
And there are actually more 

890
00:47:31,300 --> 00:47:34,300
private security guards than 
government police right now. 

891
00:47:35,500 --> 00:47:38,800
And you can just have like more 
communities using private 

892
00:47:38,800 --> 00:47:42,000
security guards instead of 
police right and see how that 

893
00:47:42,000 --> 00:47:44,100
happens. 
Like see I mean see how that 

894
00:47:44,100 --> 00:47:47,500
works. 
See if they shoot black people 

895
00:47:47,500 --> 00:47:51,400
as much as the police you've 
made and I think the answer is 

896
00:47:51,408 --> 00:47:53,100
going to be no. 
I think they're going to be 

897
00:47:53,100 --> 00:47:56,900
shooting fewer people and you 
know, maybe they'll be doing a 

898
00:47:56,900 --> 00:47:59,500
better job of patrolling and 
making people feel safe. 

899
00:47:59,700 --> 00:48:02,500
Now if I'm wrong then we could 
go back. 

900
00:48:03,000 --> 00:48:05,600
Right? 
So like so I mean, The 

901
00:48:05,600 --> 00:48:08,800
suggestion of moving gradually I
think, is the answer to the risk

902
00:48:08,800 --> 00:48:11,100
problem? 
Similarly, about the court 

903
00:48:11,100 --> 00:48:11,900
system. 
Right? 

904
00:48:12,200 --> 00:48:14,400
So we already have arbitration 
companies. 

905
00:48:14,700 --> 00:48:17,500
In fact, a lot of business 
contracts, have a clause that 

906
00:48:17,500 --> 00:48:20,600
say that says, if we have any 
disputes, they will be resolved 

907
00:48:20,600 --> 00:48:23,400
by arbitration by private 
company, instead of by the 

908
00:48:23,400 --> 00:48:26,900
government courts. 
And the reason why companies put

909
00:48:26,900 --> 00:48:31,100
this in their contracts, like, 
and it's not to take advantage 

910
00:48:31,100 --> 00:48:33,400
of the other company, or whoever
they're making the contract 

911
00:48:33,400 --> 00:48:34,700
with. 
It's like it's good for both 

912
00:48:34,700 --> 00:48:36,300
sides. 
It's because the government 

913
00:48:36,300 --> 00:48:40,100
course are incredibly expensive 
to use and right, and not that 

914
00:48:40,100 --> 00:48:42,900
reliable and they take forever 
to get cases resolved and so on.

915
00:48:43,400 --> 00:48:47,200
And so, okay, actually, I mean, 
they've from the experience that

916
00:48:47,200 --> 00:48:49,500
we have now, it seems to be 
working pretty well. 

917
00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:53,500
We could try expanding that and 
just like see how it goes. 

918
00:48:53,500 --> 00:48:55,000
Right? 
We could try having more and 

919
00:48:55,000 --> 00:48:57,200
more cases resolved by private 
arbitration. 

920
00:48:57,400 --> 00:48:59,700
If it doesn't go well, then we 
can move in the opposite 

921
00:48:59,700 --> 00:49:01,300
direction. 
If it goes well, and we keep 

922
00:49:01,300 --> 00:49:05,000
doing it until all of the courts
are private are. 

923
00:49:05,200 --> 00:49:07,400
Trading screen. 
So I'm good. 

924
00:49:07,800 --> 00:49:11,100
Absolutely. 
Um, so all right, I'm done 

925
00:49:11,100 --> 00:49:12,800
playing the devil's advocate 
here. 

926
00:49:12,800 --> 00:49:17,600
I want to ask you why you think 
that there was so, little, 

927
00:49:17,600 --> 00:49:20,200
humility in political 
discussions. 

928
00:49:20,200 --> 00:49:22,700
I have taken so much time to 
read books. 

929
00:49:22,700 --> 00:49:26,500
Listen to speeches, watch 
videos, read opposing arguments,

930
00:49:26,900 --> 00:49:31,200
and you realize how much depth 
there is to even the most things

931
00:49:31,200 --> 00:49:34,400
that look totally ridiculous. 
On the outskirt. 

932
00:49:34,400 --> 00:49:37,300
I mean, like for For example, 
you know, someone's like the 

933
00:49:37,300 --> 00:49:40,200
government sprays chemicals and 
kills people and then it turns 

934
00:49:40,200 --> 00:49:44,000
out agent orange was openly used
Vietnam Operation Sea spray. 

935
00:49:44,000 --> 00:49:47,300
So you realize how much depth 
there really is to humanity. 

936
00:49:47,500 --> 00:49:50,700
But the average voter has no 
humility at all. 

937
00:49:50,700 --> 00:49:53,000
They're very confident and 
things they know little about. 

938
00:49:53,100 --> 00:49:55,500
Why do you think that is 
actually? 

939
00:49:55,500 --> 00:49:58,400
I mean, so I'm not sure if 
that's true. 

940
00:49:58,600 --> 00:50:02,500
So I think we get an exaggerated
impression of how many dogmatic 

941
00:50:02,500 --> 00:50:05,000
ideologues there are because 
it's the dog. 

942
00:50:05,100 --> 00:50:09,100
Like ideologues who are the 
loudest, like, and the people 

943
00:50:09,100 --> 00:50:12,300
who are reasonable are like 
sitting there, listening, 

944
00:50:13,200 --> 00:50:15,800
listening, quietly, and 
politely, and then like, you 

945
00:50:15,808 --> 00:50:19,600
know, the dogmatic people are 
just like posting all over and 

946
00:50:19,700 --> 00:50:23,200
tweeting all the time. 
Okay, and anyway, so like okay, 

947
00:50:23,200 --> 00:50:26,400
but why are some people dogmatic
ideologues? 

948
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:29,000
I mean, it's partly because they
have no incentive to be 

949
00:50:29,000 --> 00:50:31,600
rational. 
So I mean, this is just like, 

950
00:50:31,600 --> 00:50:34,500
you know, the kind of the 
institutional structure of our 

951
00:50:34,500 --> 00:50:36,800
society. 
Be like Yeah, by thinking 

952
00:50:36,800 --> 00:50:40,400
rationally about politics. 
You don't get any reward and by 

953
00:50:40,400 --> 00:50:43,100
thinking irrationally, you might
think, well, what's the reward 

954
00:50:43,100 --> 00:50:44,900
of thinking irrationally? 
Okay. 

955
00:50:44,900 --> 00:50:49,700
Well, there is, you know, sort 
of emotional rewards because if 

956
00:50:49,700 --> 00:50:51,400
you're irrational, you get to 
believe whatever you want to 

957
00:50:51,408 --> 00:50:54,700
believe, whatever that might be,
because I people are going to 

958
00:50:54,700 --> 00:50:56,700
have different preferences and 
they're going to be different 

959
00:50:57,200 --> 00:51:01,100
beliefs that they enjoy, right? 
Like you, take pleasure in 

960
00:51:01,200 --> 00:51:04,700
certain political beliefs. 
And if that's the case, then 

961
00:51:05,500 --> 00:51:07,400
It's sort of it's in your 
interest. 

962
00:51:07,400 --> 00:51:10,900
So to speak to just like 
dogmatically cling to those and 

963
00:51:10,900 --> 00:51:13,100
dismiss any counter-arguments 
and so on because then you get 

964
00:51:13,100 --> 00:51:15,200
to continue having the belief 
that you enjoy. 

965
00:51:15,900 --> 00:51:19,000
So, I mean, I like that so 
that's the Bryan Caplan 

966
00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:23,500
explanation which you know seems
plausible. 

967
00:51:23,500 --> 00:51:27,500
I guess, you know, other things 
you can say you can say like, 

968
00:51:27,500 --> 00:51:30,500
well, what about you know 
evolutionary psychology? 

969
00:51:30,500 --> 00:51:38,000
Like yeah, I mean most of the 
time It's it's good to think 

970
00:51:38,000 --> 00:51:41,800
rationally, like about things 
that pertain to your survival 

971
00:51:41,800 --> 00:51:44,700
and reproduction. 
But on the other hand if you 

972
00:51:44,700 --> 00:51:47,000
just have the he's like 
ideological beliefs. 

973
00:51:47,300 --> 00:51:49,500
Yeah, like natural selection 
wouldn't have designed us to be 

974
00:51:49,500 --> 00:51:53,500
accurate about philosophy or 
politics or religion because 

975
00:51:53,500 --> 00:51:56,900
like that didn't promote 
survival and reproduction in our

976
00:51:56,900 --> 00:51:57,700
past. 
Right? 

977
00:51:57,700 --> 00:52:03,200
So like that could be a sort of 
connected explanation, right? 

978
00:52:03,900 --> 00:52:09,800
So Now you have a great chapter 
in this book, titled, the 

979
00:52:09,800 --> 00:52:13,500
psychology of authority. 
So you first, you know, have you

980
00:52:13,500 --> 00:52:16,600
know, that opening quote of why 
is it okay that we have such 

981
00:52:16,600 --> 00:52:19,200
different standards for this 
group, called the state. 

982
00:52:19,400 --> 00:52:23,300
If I did what they do, I'd be 
seen as a psycho terrorist and 

983
00:52:23,300 --> 00:52:26,200
I'd be put in jail, but they do 
it openly and people pledge 

984
00:52:26,200 --> 00:52:28,300
their allegiance to them. 
I'm curious. 

985
00:52:28,600 --> 00:52:32,600
How do you think it is that the 
state has created this double 

986
00:52:32,600 --> 00:52:35,900
standard in the minds of 
millions of people for Thousands

987
00:52:35,900 --> 00:52:38,000
of years. 
Yeah. 

988
00:52:38,100 --> 00:52:42,400
Well, I mean it's if you go back
thousands of years people had 

989
00:52:42,400 --> 00:52:47,200
pretty terrible values and so 
like they thought that it was 

990
00:52:47,200 --> 00:52:51,000
fine to go and attack a 
neighboring tribe or I don't 

991
00:52:51,000 --> 00:52:52,200
know. 
I don't know what they thought 

992
00:52:52,200 --> 00:52:54,900
but that's what they did. 
But just pack a neighboring 

993
00:52:54,900 --> 00:52:58,700
tribe for no, no good reason. 
I was gonna say no reason but 

994
00:52:58,700 --> 00:53:03,700
their reason is they don't, I 
don't like those people. 

995
00:53:03,700 --> 00:53:06,300
They've got some stuff. 
I'm going to Take their stuff. 

996
00:53:06,300 --> 00:53:10,000
I'm going to kill something like
and also if we attack them and 

997
00:53:10,000 --> 00:53:12,500
kill them and then we can kidnap
the women to Great them. 

998
00:53:13,300 --> 00:53:16,400
And the reason why people with 
the explanation for why people 

999
00:53:16,400 --> 00:53:18,000
would do that is evolutionary, 
right? 

1000
00:53:18,000 --> 00:53:20,500
Because people who did that left
behind more offspring, and so 

1001
00:53:20,900 --> 00:53:24,400
anyway, but anyway, that was 
like, so, whatever values people

1002
00:53:24,400 --> 00:53:26,400
had, it didn't stop them from 
doing that. 

1003
00:53:26,700 --> 00:53:28,700
So they must have had terrible 
values. 

1004
00:53:29,500 --> 00:53:31,800
And that's when the state arose,
right in the period. 

1005
00:53:31,800 --> 00:53:34,800
When people had terrible values 
and people's values have gotten 

1006
00:53:34,800 --> 00:53:37,300
better over time. 
I'm but like once the state gets

1007
00:53:37,300 --> 00:53:39,100
established. 
It's hard to get rid of it. 

1008
00:53:40,000 --> 00:53:41,800
So like that's part of what's 
happened. 

1009
00:53:42,100 --> 00:53:45,600
Also, part of what's happened is
this huge status quo bias. 

1010
00:53:45,900 --> 00:53:49,000
So, the way that things are 
going in your Society, you just 

1011
00:53:49,000 --> 00:53:51,900
have this kind of natural 
tendency to assume that that's 

1012
00:53:51,900 --> 00:53:53,700
the way things are supposed to 
go. 

1013
00:53:53,700 --> 00:53:55,700
Right? 
And the stage is just like a 

1014
00:53:55,700 --> 00:54:00,100
very big prominent aspect of our
society, right? 

1015
00:54:00,100 --> 00:54:02,200
It's like our tradition and so 
you just think. 

1016
00:54:02,200 --> 00:54:04,300
Okay, so that must be, okay, 
right? 

1017
00:54:05,000 --> 00:54:07,900
And most people Don't really, 
they don't question the right. 

1018
00:54:07,900 --> 00:54:12,000
The really big obvious aspects 
of how their society Works. 

1019
00:54:12,500 --> 00:54:15,400
They question things that are 
sort of question things that are

1020
00:54:15,400 --> 00:54:18,600
new like some new law gets 
passed and they think is that a 

1021
00:54:18,607 --> 00:54:21,800
really good idea and you know 
things that other people are 

1022
00:54:21,800 --> 00:54:25,600
talking about you question, 
whether it's good or bad, but 

1023
00:54:25,700 --> 00:54:28,500
it's something's just been going
on for thousands of years. 

1024
00:54:28,500 --> 00:54:31,600
It's like there's not that many 
people question it, you know, 

1025
00:54:31,600 --> 00:54:32,900
other things the government 
does. 

1026
00:54:32,900 --> 00:54:35,500
I mean it's kind of in your 
self-interest. 

1027
00:54:35,600 --> 00:54:38,200
Just to believe that government 
is legitimate. 

1028
00:54:38,600 --> 00:54:41,500
If you start disobeying the 
government then they come and do

1029
00:54:41,500 --> 00:54:44,900
nasty things to you. 
So like in a way you have a, an 

1030
00:54:44,900 --> 00:54:47,800
interest in believing that you 
have to obey them. 

1031
00:54:48,800 --> 00:54:52,500
Now, of course, you could just 
believe that you are obeying 

1032
00:54:52,500 --> 00:54:56,100
them out of fear, right? 
Which is what I believe. 

1033
00:54:56,600 --> 00:54:59,100
I believe that we're basically 
obeying the government because 

1034
00:54:59,100 --> 00:55:01,100
we're afraid of them because 
they're going to fuck us up if 

1035
00:55:01,100 --> 00:55:05,400
we don't know late, but that's 
not a very pleasant belief. 

1036
00:55:05,500 --> 00:55:09,700
If so, what's more pleasant is 
to believe that we're doing our 

1037
00:55:09,700 --> 00:55:12,900
Duty, right? 
Like when we give them the money

1038
00:55:12,900 --> 00:55:14,700
that they demand and we obey 
their rules. 

1039
00:55:14,700 --> 00:55:18,500
And so on, we're doing our duty 
and that feels a lot better than

1040
00:55:18,500 --> 00:55:20,600
I've been extorted. 
Okay. 

1041
00:55:21,100 --> 00:55:24,400
I think the truth is you've been
extraordinary but you know, 

1042
00:55:24,400 --> 00:55:26,900
there's this kind of cognitive 
dissonance right where you want 

1043
00:55:26,900 --> 00:55:30,800
to believe the the positive 
thing about yourself and we also

1044
00:55:30,800 --> 00:55:35,200
definitely see this sort of 
psychological missing out or 

1045
00:55:35,200 --> 00:55:37,400
not. 
In part of the cool popular 

1046
00:55:38,800 --> 00:55:43,400
people because it's so hard to 
explain all these Concepts and 

1047
00:55:43,400 --> 00:55:47,500
if it's at the cost of you 
looking like an idiot, well, you

1048
00:55:47,500 --> 00:55:48,600
know what? 
You're probably just going to 

1049
00:55:48,600 --> 00:55:53,300
lie and say yeah, I'll vote 
after I watch the presidential 

1050
00:55:53,300 --> 00:55:56,800
debates because the anarchist 
conversation is so in-depth. 

1051
00:55:56,800 --> 00:56:00,200
I mean really good. 
Looking woman, walked up to me 

1052
00:56:00,200 --> 00:56:03,600
and asked me to sign this thing 
and I just paused for like 10 

1053
00:56:03,600 --> 00:56:05,400
seconds. 
I'm like, what am I going to? 

1054
00:56:05,500 --> 00:56:09,400
We do give her speech. 
I run into her about every other

1055
00:56:09,400 --> 00:56:13,300
day, or I could just sign it. 
And I can get this off my back 

1056
00:56:13,300 --> 00:56:14,600
and we never have to talk about 
it. 

1057
00:56:14,600 --> 00:56:17,600
Again. 
It's amazing how shame this is 

1058
00:56:17,600 --> 00:56:20,600
from Thaddius Russell. 
He says, shame is the health of 

1059
00:56:20,600 --> 00:56:23,300
the state. 
I've heard many vegetarians say 

1060
00:56:23,600 --> 00:56:28,800
that the fear of being shamed is
what allows people to, you know,

1061
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:31,700
kill what is it? 
Like Fifty seven billion animals

1062
00:56:31,900 --> 00:56:35,400
a year and stuff like that, 
which is just hard to curb. 

1063
00:56:35,600 --> 00:56:39,500
Any thoughts on shame being the 
health of the state on top of? 

1064
00:56:39,500 --> 00:56:41,600
They're actually going to kill 
you. 

1065
00:56:41,600 --> 00:56:46,800
What one, more example is, we 
were at dinner and this guy was 

1066
00:56:46,800 --> 00:56:49,400
a cop. 
And look, when you've taken an 

1067
00:56:49,400 --> 00:56:52,600
oath to uphold the laws that are
so, blatantly immoral. 

1068
00:56:52,800 --> 00:56:55,300
I just have nothing. 
I have so much contempt for you,

1069
00:56:55,800 --> 00:56:58,600
but and I didn't think that, 
well, he's going to shoot me. 

1070
00:56:58,600 --> 00:57:00,400
If I say, I don't respect the 
police. 

1071
00:57:00,700 --> 00:57:04,100
It was just a shame thing. 
So thoughts on shame being the 

1072
00:57:04,100 --> 00:57:07,800
health of the state on. 
Top of actual fear of violence, 

1073
00:57:07,800 --> 00:57:10,500
being initiated against you. 
Yeah, that's good. 

1074
00:57:10,800 --> 00:57:14,700
Yes, I mean, you know, I was 
suggesting part of why we're 

1075
00:57:14,700 --> 00:57:17,600
being the state, a big part is 
we're afraid of what they're 

1076
00:57:17,600 --> 00:57:19,700
going to do to us. 
But also, we're kind of like 

1077
00:57:19,700 --> 00:57:23,800
afraid of what our fellow 
members of society are going to 

1078
00:57:23,800 --> 00:57:26,700
think of us, right? 
And if you start acting weird, 

1079
00:57:26,700 --> 00:57:30,000
then they're just going to like 
start avoiding you and they're 

1080
00:57:30,000 --> 00:57:32,000
going to think that you're a 
weirdo and so on you won't have 

1081
00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:34,600
friends and you know, won't get 
Bates and whatever. 

1082
00:57:35,600 --> 00:57:38,000
Yeah, I think there's just like 
an innate tendency in human 

1083
00:57:38,000 --> 00:57:41,000
beings to try to fit in with the
rest of society. 

1084
00:57:41,300 --> 00:57:44,300
And that's just because like 
this whole thing of us being 

1085
00:57:44,300 --> 00:57:47,600
social animals, right? 
Our whole way of life involves 

1086
00:57:47,600 --> 00:57:52,400
interacting with each other. 
And so like it's super important

1087
00:57:52,400 --> 00:57:54,500
that other people have good 
opinions of you and they want to

1088
00:57:54,500 --> 00:57:57,300
cooperate with you. 
You know, I had a blog post a 

1089
00:57:57,300 --> 00:58:00,900
while back where I was 
suggesting that you know, it's 

1090
00:58:01,100 --> 00:58:06,400
the fact that people are 
conformist and Like they they 

1091
00:58:06,400 --> 00:58:08,800
don't listen to people with 
radically different ideas. 

1092
00:58:09,000 --> 00:58:11,200
That's adaptive. 
Right? 

1093
00:58:11,500 --> 00:58:15,700
Because so, I mean it's adoptive
in one obvious way, which is, if

1094
00:58:15,700 --> 00:58:19,300
you align yourself with the 
minority, then you're likely to 

1095
00:58:19,300 --> 00:58:23,100
not be so successful. 
And, you know, a way to align 

1096
00:58:23,100 --> 00:58:26,000
yourself with the majority is to
adopt the beliefs that they 

1097
00:58:26,008 --> 00:58:27,500
would do. 
I have, right? 

1098
00:58:27,500 --> 00:58:32,000
So that's adaptive Behavior, but
also another thing is, most of 

1099
00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:35,800
the nonconformists are crazy. 
That is most of the Time when 

1100
00:58:35,800 --> 00:58:38,600
you hear an idea, that's 
radically different from what 

1101
00:58:38,600 --> 00:58:41,300
most people believe. 
It's also radically wrong. 

1102
00:58:41,300 --> 00:58:45,900
And the reason for that is well,
you know, like there there's 

1103
00:58:45,900 --> 00:58:48,700
just so many crazy ideas so 
many. 

1104
00:58:48,700 --> 00:58:51,100
There's so many ways to go 
wrong. 

1105
00:58:51,100 --> 00:58:55,600
Right? 
And so, it's actually adaptive 

1106
00:58:55,600 --> 00:58:59,500
if you're not able to figure out
what the truth is for yourself. 

1107
00:58:59,500 --> 00:59:02,900
It's adaptive to ignore the 
people who have radical ideas 

1108
00:59:02,900 --> 00:59:05,900
because most of them are wrong, 
you're going to be During the 

1109
00:59:05,900 --> 00:59:08,600
truth, but you're also going to 
be ignoring a whole bunch of 

1110
00:59:08,600 --> 00:59:11,100
horrible ICS, and so like, 
right. 

1111
00:59:11,300 --> 00:59:12,800
And so, I thought about that, I 
thought. 

1112
00:59:12,800 --> 00:59:18,200
Yeah, I actually like if people 
are not very smart and educated 

1113
00:59:18,200 --> 00:59:21,700
and able to evaluate for 
themselves, whether my arguments

1114
00:59:21,700 --> 00:59:25,800
in, my book are correct. 
They should dismiss main like, 

1115
00:59:26,000 --> 00:59:28,400
it's rational for them. 
Right? 

1116
00:59:28,400 --> 00:59:31,600
Because like if they can't tell 
why my arguments are better than

1117
00:59:31,600 --> 00:59:35,300
those of a Marxist. 
Then it's better for them to 

1118
00:59:35,300 --> 00:59:36,800
just dismiss. 
Both of us. 

1119
00:59:36,800 --> 00:59:40,300
I hate just miss me and Marxist 
mode either going to people. 

1120
00:59:40,600 --> 00:59:43,500
Okay. 
And so I say that, although, I 

1121
00:59:43,500 --> 00:59:47,100
am actually correct. 
Like I actually have the correct

1122
00:59:47,100 --> 00:59:48,800
argument. 
I am, what are the very small 

1123
00:59:48,800 --> 00:59:52,800
number of extremists who 
actually has better ideas than 

1124
00:59:52,800 --> 00:59:56,800
the majority opinion. 
Now, I got two more questions 

1125
00:59:56,800 --> 00:59:59,300
for you. 
I want you to tell me. 

1126
00:59:59,500 --> 01:00:03,700
Either the most important thing 
you learned from this person, or

1127
01:00:03,700 --> 01:00:08,100
what you thought their greatest 
intellectual contribution was to

1128
01:00:08,600 --> 01:00:12,000
the academic Fields. 
Bryan Caplan. 

1129
01:00:12,100 --> 01:00:13,100
What is the most important 
thing? 

1130
01:00:13,100 --> 01:00:15,900
You learn from him or you 
thought his most best 

1131
01:00:15,900 --> 01:00:18,200
contributions? 
Yeah, man. 

1132
01:00:18,200 --> 01:00:20,400
So, you know, there are two 
answers. 

1133
01:00:20,700 --> 01:00:23,500
So the answer to the first 
question is Bryan Caplan, 

1134
01:00:23,500 --> 01:00:28,000
introduced me to Total is M. 
And so I don't know if you know 

1135
01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:30,600
this story, right? 
We were at UC Berkeley. 

1136
01:00:30,900 --> 01:00:34,300
So Brian, and I went to college 
at UC Berkeley at the same time 

1137
01:00:34,800 --> 01:00:36,200
on. 
So that's where I met him and 

1138
01:00:36,200 --> 01:00:40,300
then he introduced me to an cap 
and that's how I became an 

1139
01:00:40,300 --> 01:00:42,700
anarchist of already 
libertarian, right? 

1140
01:00:42,900 --> 01:00:45,400
And then he told me about this 
and I and my first reaction was 

1141
01:00:45,400 --> 01:00:49,100
anarchism is crazy, but you 
know, and then he was able to 

1142
01:00:49,100 --> 01:00:51,500
explain it and like it made me 
read Murray rothbard and David 

1143
01:00:51,500 --> 01:00:55,200
Friedman. 
His biggest contribution to Just

1144
01:00:55,200 --> 01:00:59,100
like, you know, other than and 
cap which you know, he did 

1145
01:00:59,100 --> 01:01:01,900
invent is of course the theory 
of rational or rationality, 

1146
01:01:01,900 --> 01:01:04,100
right? 
So the book, The Myth of the 

1147
01:01:04,100 --> 01:01:06,800
rational voter, right? 
That's like the, the big 

1148
01:01:06,800 --> 01:01:08,800
statement of that also a bunch 
of papers. 

1149
01:01:08,800 --> 01:01:12,200
But and, you know, I use that 
theory frequently, like I 

1150
01:01:12,500 --> 01:01:17,700
invoked it in this discussion. 
And Jason Brennan. 

1151
01:01:17,900 --> 01:01:19,600
Another one of my favorite 
philosophers. 

1152
01:01:19,800 --> 01:01:23,000
What something you learn from 
him or thought was his best 

1153
01:01:23,000 --> 01:01:26,200
intellectual contribution. 
Yeah, I mean Jason and I 

1154
01:01:26,200 --> 01:01:30,900
basically have the same views 
like it's like, you know, on on 

1155
01:01:30,900 --> 01:01:35,100
government and democracy and 
whatever and anarchism, although

1156
01:01:35,200 --> 01:01:38,700
it's not obvious in, I don't 
think it's come out in his 

1157
01:01:38,700 --> 01:01:42,100
published philosophical, 
writings that he's an anarchist.

1158
01:01:42,600 --> 01:01:45,500
I think people, when people read
him, they think that he's in To 

1159
01:01:45,500 --> 01:01:48,200
stack rat, right? 
That is, you know, a person who 

1160
01:01:48,200 --> 01:01:51,100
believes in the rule of the 
well-informed or something. 

1161
01:01:51,600 --> 01:01:54,300
And I understand why people 
would think that, because, like,

1162
01:01:54,300 --> 01:01:56,800
so he has some good articles 
about this about how, you know, 

1163
01:01:56,800 --> 01:01:59,000
you have a right to not be ruled
by people who are totally 

1164
01:01:59,000 --> 01:02:02,600
incompetent and and ignorant and
stupid or whatever and are not 

1165
01:02:02,600 --> 01:02:06,900
paying attention and so on. 
And so, you know, the suggestion

1166
01:02:06,900 --> 01:02:09,600
seems to be, okay, so we should 
just, we should be ruled by the 

1167
01:02:09,600 --> 01:02:12,500
smart wise benevolent people or 
whatever. 

1168
01:02:13,100 --> 01:02:15,100
But I happen to know that is 
actually was anarchism. 

1169
01:02:15,300 --> 01:02:18,000
But anyway, so I mean, I think 
that is criticisms of democracy 

1170
01:02:18,000 --> 01:02:20,300
are probably his biggest 
contribution, right? 

1171
01:02:20,800 --> 01:02:22,700
And just, you know, pointing 
out. 

1172
01:02:22,800 --> 01:02:26,000
I mean, like, it's well known 
how democracy is screwed up and 

1173
01:02:26,000 --> 01:02:29,800
he's well known among people who
look into that sort of thing, 

1174
01:02:29,800 --> 01:02:32,600
not among the general public, 
who have totally incorrect use 

1175
01:02:32,600 --> 01:02:37,400
about democracy, but, you know, 
like, besides explaining the 

1176
01:02:37,400 --> 01:02:40,500
problems with incentives, right?
I think, just like explaining 

1177
01:02:40,500 --> 01:02:43,500
how it's totally immoral, right?
The system that we have is 

1178
01:02:43,500 --> 01:02:47,200
immoral because like, you know, 
Are your under the power. 

1179
01:02:48,100 --> 01:02:50,300
Just like, you know without even
being a Libertarian, right? 

1180
01:02:50,300 --> 01:02:52,500
You can see that there's 
something wrong with you being 

1181
01:02:52,500 --> 01:02:55,000
under the, under the power of 
these people who don't know what

1182
01:02:55,000 --> 01:02:57,100
the hell they're doing, and 
don't care. 

1183
01:02:57,100 --> 01:02:59,000
Right? 
Like all of these voters, don't 

1184
01:02:59,000 --> 01:03:01,700
care. 
They're not, they're not doing 

1185
01:03:01,700 --> 01:03:03,500
research. 
They don't know what the issues 

1186
01:03:03,500 --> 01:03:07,200
are right there. 
Just like taking some tweaks 

1187
01:03:07,200 --> 01:03:10,200
that they heard whenever and and
voting on the basis of who's 

1188
01:03:10,200 --> 01:03:12,100
good-looking or stuff like that.
Yeah. 

1189
01:03:13,000 --> 01:03:14,900
Absolutely. 
Hey, mr. 

1190
01:03:14,900 --> 01:03:15,400
Hume. 
More. 

1191
01:03:15,400 --> 01:03:17,100
Thank you so much for your time.
Again. 

1192
01:03:17,100 --> 01:03:20,100
The book is the problem of 
political Authority, and 

1193
01:03:20,100 --> 01:03:23,000
examination of the right to 
coerce and the duty to obey. 

1194
01:03:23,100 --> 01:03:25,400
Please check it out. 
And thank you everyone for 

1195
01:03:25,400 --> 01:03:26,100
watching. 
Keith Knight. 

1196
01:03:26,100 --> 01:03:28,200
Don't tread on anyone. 
All right. 

1197
01:03:28,200 --> 01:03:28,900
Thanks for having me.