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The state is the great 
fictitious entity by which 

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everyone seeks to live at the 
expense of everyone else. 

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Welcome to Keith's night. 
Don't tread on anyone and the 

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libertarian Institute. 
This is an article by University

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of Nevada. 
Las Vegas, Professor, Hans 

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Hermann Harbour where he 
discusses how the greatest scam 

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ever has been pulled off for 
thousands of years. 

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Let me begin with the definition
of a state. 

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What must an agent be able to To
do to qualify as a state. 

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This agent must be able to 
insist that all conflicts among 

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the inhabitants of a given 
territory. 

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Be brought to him for ultimate 
decision-making or be subject to

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his final review. 
In particular. 

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This agent must be able to 
insist that. 

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All conflicts involving him be 
adjudicated by him or his agent 

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and implied, in the power to 
exclude all others from acting 

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as ultimate. 
As the second defining 

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characteristic of a state is the
agents power to tax to 

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unilaterally, determine the 
price that Justice Seekers must 

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pay for his services. 
Based on this definition of a 

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state it is easy to understand 
why a desire to control a State 

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might exist for whoever is a 
monopolist of final arbitration 

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within a given territory can 
make laws and he who can 

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legislate can also tax. 
Surely. 

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This is an enviable position 
more difficult to understand is 

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how anyone can get away with 
controlling a state. 

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Why would others put up with 
such an Ocean. 

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I want to approach the answer to
this question indirectly, 

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suppose you and your friends 
happen to be in control of such 

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an extraordinary institution. 
What would you do to maintain 

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your position provided you 
didn't have any moral Scruples, 

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you would certainly use some of 
your tax income to hire some 

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thugs. 
First to make peace among your 

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subject. 
So they will stay productive and

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there were something to tax in 
the future. 

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But more importantly Because you
might need these thugs for your 

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own protection. 
Should the people wake up from 

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their dogmatic Slumbers and 
challenge you. 

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This will not do. 
However, in particular, if you 

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and your friends are a small 
minority in comparison to the 

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number of subjects for a 
minority cannot lastingly rule, 

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a majority solely by brute 
force. 

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It must rule by opinion. 
The majority of the population 

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must be brought to voluntarily. 
Up your rule. 

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This is not to say that the 
majority must agree with every 

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one of your measures. 
Indeed. 

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It may well, believe that many 
of your policies are mistaken. 

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However, it must believe in the 
legitimacy of the institution of

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the state as such and hence 
that. 

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Even if a particular policy may 
be wrong, such a mistake is an 

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accident. 
That one must tolerate in view 

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of some greater good provided by
the state. 

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Yet. 
How can one persuade the 

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majority of The population to 
believe this, the answer is only

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with the help of intellectuals. 
How do you get the intellectual 

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to work for you to this? 
The answer is easy. 

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The market demand for 
intellectual Services is not 

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exactly high in stable, 
intellectuals would be at the 

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mercy of the fleeting values of 
the masses. 

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And the masses are uninterested 
in intellectual philosophical 

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concerns. 
The state, on the other hand, 

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can accommodate the 
intellectuals, typically, 

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overinflated, Egos, and offer 
them a warm. 

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Cure and permanent birth in its 
apparatus. 

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However, it is not sufficient 
that you employ just some 

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intellectuals. 
You must essentially employ 

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them. 
All. 

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Even the ones who work in areas 
far removed from those that you 

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are primarily concerned with 
that is philosophy, the social 

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sciences and Humanities for even
intellectuals, working in 

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mathematics or the Natural 
Sciences for instance, can 

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obviously, think for themselves 
and so become potentially 

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dangerous. 
It is thus important that you 

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You're also their loyalty to the
state put differently. 

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You must become a monopolist. 
And this is best achieved. 

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If all educational institutions 
from kindergarten to 

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universities are brought under 
State control and all teaching 

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and researching Personnel is 
State Certified, but what if the

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people do not want to become 
educated for this education must

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be made compulsory. 
And in order to subject the 

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people to State Control? 
Old education for as long as 

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possible. 
Everyone must be declared 

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equally educable the 
intellectuals. 

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No, Such egalitarianism to be 
false, of course, yet to 

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Proclaim nonsense, such as 
everyone is a potential. 

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Einstein, if only given 
sufficient educational 

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attention, pleases the masses 
and in turn provides for an 

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almost Limitless demand for 
intellectual services. 

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None of all this guarantees, 
correct status thinking, of 

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course, it certainly helps. 
However, in reaching the 

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incorrect conclusion, if one 
realizes that without the state 

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one might be out of work, and 
may have to try one's hands at 

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the mechanics of gas pump 
operation. 

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Instead of concerning oneself 
with such pressuring problems, 

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as alienation Equity 
exploitation the destruction of 

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gender and sex roles, or the 
culture of the eskimos, the hope

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he's and the Zulus. 
In any case, even if the 

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intellectuals feel 
underappreciated by you, that is

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by one particular State 
Administration. 

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They know that help can only 
come from another state 

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Administration but not from an 
intellectual assault, on the 

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institution of the state as 
such, hence. 

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It is hardly surprising that. 
As a matter of fact, the 

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overwhelming majority of 
contemporary intellectuals 

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including most conservative or 
so-called free market. 

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Intellectuals are fundamentally 
and philosophically statist. 

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So has the work of the 
intellectuals paid off for the 

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state. 
I would think so, if asked 

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whether the institution of a 
state is necessary, I do not 

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think it is exaggerated to say 
that 99% of all people would 

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unhesitatingly, say yes. 
And yet this success rests on 

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rather shaky grounds and the 
entire state is edifice can be 

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brought down if only the work. 
The intellectuals is countered 

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by the work of intellectual anti
intellectuals. 

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As I like to call them. 
The overwhelming majority of 

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State supporters are not 
philosophical. 

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Statist Sy e because they have 
thought about the matter. 

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Most people do not think much 
about anything philosophical. 

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They go about their daily lives.
And that is it. 

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So most support stems from the 
mere fact that a state exists 

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and has always existed as far as
one can remember. 

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And that is typically not 
farther away than When one's own

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lifetime, that is the greatest 
achievement of state 

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intellectuals, is the fact that 
they have cultivated the mass 

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natural intellectual laziness or
incapacity and never allowed for

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the subject to come up for 
serious discussion. 

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The state is considered an 
unquestionable part of the 

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social fabric. 
The first and foremost task of 

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the intellectual anti 
intellectuals, then is to 

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counter this dogmatic. 
Slumbers of the masses by 

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offering a precise definition of
the state as I've done on the 

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outset. 
And when asked, if there is not 

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something truly remarkable odd, 
strange awkward ridiculous. 

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Indeed, ludicrous about an 
institution such as this. 

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I am confident that such simple 
definitional work will produce 

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some very first, but Doubt 
regarding an institution. 

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That one previously had been 
taken for granted a good start 

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further proceeding, from less 
sophisticated yet, not 

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coincidentally, more popular Pro
State arguments to more 

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sophisticated ones. 
To the extent that intellectuals

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have deemed it necessary to 
argue in favor of the state at 

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all, their most popular 
arguments encountered already at

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kindergarten age runs like this,
some activities of the state are

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Pointed out the state builds 
roads kindergardens schools. 

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It delivers the mail and puts 
the policemen on the street. 

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Imagine there would be no State 
then we would have none of these

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Goods. 
Thus the state is necessary at 

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the University level, a slightly
more sophisticated version of 

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the same. 
Argument is presented. 

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It goes like this. 
True markets are best at 

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providing many or even most 
things. 

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But there are other Goods 
markets cannot provide or cannot

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provide. 
Quantity or quality. 

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These other so-called public 
goods are Goods that bestow 

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benefits on to people Beyond 
those who have actually produced

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or paid for them foremost. 
Among such Goods, ranks 

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typically, Education and 
Research, Education and 

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Research. 
For instance. 

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It is argued are extremely 
valuable Goods. 

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They would be under produced. 
However, because of Free Riders,

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IE cheats who benefit via 
so-called neighborhood effects 

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from Education and Research. 
Church without paying for it. 

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Thus, the state is necessary to 
provide otherwise unproduced or 

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under produced public goods such
as Education and Research. 

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These statist arguments can be 
refuted by a combination of 

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three fundamental insights 
first. 

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As for the kindergarten 
argument. 

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It does not follow from the fact
that the state provides roads 

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and schools that only the state 
can provide such Goods, people 

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have little difficulty 
recognizing that. 

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This is a fallacy from the fact 
that monkeys can ride bikes. 

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It does not follow that. 
Only monkeys can ride bikes and 

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S. 
Immediately following it must be

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recalled. 
That the state is an The tution 

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that can legislate and tax. 
And hence, the state agents have

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little incentive to produce 
efficiently, state, roads, and 

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schools will only be more costly
and their quality lower for, 

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there is always a tendency for 
State agents to use up as many 

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resources as possible, doing 
whatever they do but actually 

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work as little as possible. 
Doing it third as for the most 

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sophisticated status argument. 
It involves the same fallacy 

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encountered already, at the 
kindergarten level four. 

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Even if one were to Grant the 
rest of the argument. 

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It is still a fallacy to 
conclude from the fact that the 

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states provide public goods. 
That only states can do. 

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So, More importantly. 
However, it must be pointed out 

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that the entire argument 
demonstrates. 

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A total ignorance of the most 
fundamental fact of human life, 

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namely scarcity, true markets 
will not provide for all 

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desirable things. 
There are always unsatisfied 

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once as long as we do not 
inhabit the Garden of Eden but 

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to bring such unproduced Goods 
into existence. 

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Scarce resources must be 
expended which consequently can 

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no. 
Longer be used to produce other,

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likewise desirable things 
whether public goods exist. 

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Next to private ones does not 
matter in this regard, the fact 

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of scarcity remains unchanged 
more public. 

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Goods can only come at the 
expense of less private goods 

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yet, what needs to be 
demonstrated is that one good is

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more important and valuable than
another one. 

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This is what is meant by 
economizing. 

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Yet, can the state, help, 
economize, scarce resources. 

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This is the question that must 
be answered. 

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In fact, however, conclusive 
proof exists that the state does

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not and cannot economize for an 
order to produce anything. 

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The state must resort to 
taxation or legislation, which 

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demonstrates irrefutably that 
it's subjects. 

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Do not want what the state 
produces but prefer instead 

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something else as more important
rather than a Mice. 

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The state can only redistribute 
it. 

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Can produce more of what it 
wants and less of what the 

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people want and to recall 
whatever the state then produces

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will be produced in efficiently.
Finally the most sophisticated 

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argument in favor of the state 
must be briefly examined from 

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Hobbs on down. 
This argument has been repeated 

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endlessly. 
It runs like this in the state 

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of nature before the 
establishment of a state 

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permanent conflict Reigns, 
everyone claims a right to 

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everything and this will result 
in interminable War. 

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There is no way out of this 
predicament by means of 

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agreements for who would enforce
these agreements whenever the 

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situation appeared advantageous 
one or both. 

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Parties would break the 
agreement. 

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Hence, people recognize that 
there is, but one solution to 

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this disarray, bottom of Peace. 
The Establishment per agreement 

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of a state IE, a third 
independent party as ultimate 

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judge and enforcer yet. 
If this thesis is correct and 

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agreements, require an outside 
enforcer to make them binding, 

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then a state by agreement can 
never come into existence for an

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order to Enforce. 
The very agreement that is to 

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result in the formation of a 
state, to make this agreement, 

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bonding. 
Another outside enforcer, a 

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00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:01,600
prior state, would already have 
to exist. 

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00:14:01,700 --> 00:14:04,600
And in order for this state to 
have come into existence, yet. 

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Another still earlier state must
be postulated. 

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And so on in infinite regress. 
On the other hand, if we accept 

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that states exist, and of course
they do. 

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Then this very fact contradicts 
the hobbesian story. 

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The state itself has come into 
existence without any outside 

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enforcer. 
Presumably at the time of the 

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alleged agreement. 
No prior State existed. 

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Moreover, once a state by 
agreement is an existence, the 

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resulting social order Still 
Remains a self-enforcing one, to

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be sure if a and b. 
Now agree on something, there 

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are Agreements are Made binding 
by an external party. 

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00:14:45,400 --> 00:14:49,900
However, the state itself is not
bound by an outside enforcer 

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there exists. 
No external third-party insofar 

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00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:57,500
as conflicts between State, 
agents and state, subjects are 

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00:14:57,500 --> 00:15:01,600
concerned and likewise no 
external third-party exists for 

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conflicts between State agents 
or agencies insofar as 

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00:15:06,300 --> 00:15:09,900
agreements entered into by the 
state vis-à-vis its citizens. 

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Or of one state agency, be 
Sofia. 

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Another are concerned that is 
such a grievance can be only 

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self binding on the state. 
The state is bound by nothing 

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except. 
It's own self accepted, and 

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enforce rules, IE, the 
constraints that it imposes on 

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itself, vis-à-vis itself. 
So to speak, the state is still 

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in a natural state of Anarchy, 
characterized by self-rule and 

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enforcement because there is no 
higher state, which Bind it 

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further. 
If we accept the hobbesian idea 

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00:15:45,100 --> 00:15:49,400
that the enforcement of mutually
agreed upon rules does require 

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some independent third-party. 
This would actually rule out the

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00:15:52,800 --> 00:15:56,400
establishment of a state. 
In fact, it would constitute a 

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conclusive argument against the 
institution of a state. 

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00:16:00,300 --> 00:16:04,200
IE of a monopolist of ultimate 
decision-making in arbitration 

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00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:08,400
for, then there must also exist,
an independent, third party to 

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decide, in every case of 
conflict. 

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00:16:10,400 --> 00:16:15,300
Act between me private citizen 
and some state agent and 

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00:16:15,300 --> 00:16:18,200
likewise an independent. 
Third party must exist for every

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00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:22,100
case of intrastate conflict. 
And there must be another 

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00:16:22,100 --> 00:16:25,300
independent third-party for the 
case of conflicts between 

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00:16:25,300 --> 00:16:27,500
various third parties. 
Yet. 

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00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:31,100
This means, of course, that such
a state or any independent third

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00:16:31,100 --> 00:16:35,900
party, would be no State. 
As I have defined it at the 

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00:16:35,900 --> 00:16:40,300
outset, but simply one of many 
freely competing third party. 

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00:16:40,600 --> 00:16:44,200
Arbitrators. 
Let me conclude, then the 

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00:16:44,200 --> 00:16:47,800
intellectual case against the 
state seems to be easy and 

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00:16:47,800 --> 00:16:51,300
straightforward, but that does 
not mean that it is practically 

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00:16:51,300 --> 00:16:54,700
easy indeed. 
Almost everyone is convinced 

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00:16:54,700 --> 00:16:58,300
that the state is a necessary 
Institution for the reasons that

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00:16:58,300 --> 00:17:01,300
I have indicated. 
So it is very doubtful. 

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00:17:01,300 --> 00:17:04,599
If the battle against statism 
can be one as easy as it might 

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00:17:04,599 --> 00:17:08,000
seem on the purely theoretical 
intellectual level. 

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00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:11,900
However, even if that should 
turn out to be impossible, at 

285
00:17:11,900 --> 00:17:15,400
least, Have some fun at the 
expense of our statist opponents

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00:17:15,900 --> 00:17:20,099
and for that, I suggest that you
always and persistently confront

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00:17:20,099 --> 00:17:24,599
them with the following riddle, 
assume a group of people aware 

288
00:17:24,599 --> 00:17:26,800
of the possibility of conflicts 
between them. 

289
00:17:27,500 --> 00:17:31,300
Someone then proposes as a 
solution to this human problem 

290
00:17:31,500 --> 00:17:37,500
that he or someone be made the 
ultimate Arbiter in every such 

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00:17:37,500 --> 00:17:41,400
case of conflict, including 
those conflicts in which he is 

292
00:17:41,400 --> 00:17:43,900
involved. 
Is this a deal that you would 

293
00:17:43,900 --> 00:17:47,000
accept? 
I'm confident that he will be 

294
00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:49,300
considered. 
Either a joker or mentally 

295
00:17:49,400 --> 00:17:53,100
unstable yet. 
This is precisely what all 

296
00:17:53,100 --> 00:17:56,200
status proposed. 
Thank you for watching Keith and

297
00:17:56,200 --> 00:17:59,700
I don't try it on anyone and the
libertarian Institute. 

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00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:03,300
Oh, dude. 
When we are truly free. 

299
00:18:05,400 --> 00:18:07,200
It doesn't mean there won't be 
any evil in the world. 

300
00:18:07,200 --> 00:18:09,700
In fact, a stateless society is 
a recognition of the fact that 

301
00:18:09,700 --> 00:18:11,200
evil exists. 
And the first place that 

302
00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:14,900
evildoers go is to the state to 
gain control over the state, 

303
00:18:14,900 --> 00:18:16,400
right? 
If human beings are all good. 

304
00:18:16,400 --> 00:18:18,100
We don't need to state of human 
beings are all evil. 

305
00:18:18,100 --> 00:18:20,700
We can't afford the state if 
human beings are. 

306
00:18:22,100 --> 00:18:23,900
Mostly evil and only somewhat 
good. 

307
00:18:23,900 --> 00:18:28,800
Then the mostly evil people vote
for Democratic policies, that 

308
00:18:29,900 --> 00:18:32,300
overwhelming, subjugate the good
people. 

309
00:18:32,500 --> 00:18:35,600
If people are mostly good and 
only somewhat evil, which is my 

310
00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:39,000
belief, then the good people 
become the tax livestock 

311
00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:41,300
controlled by the evil people 
who swarmed to the state to get 

312
00:18:41,300 --> 00:18:43,400
control over the good. 
There is no scenario. 

313
00:18:44,300 --> 00:18:46,900
Of any add mixture of Good and 
Evil which justifies the 

314
00:18:46,900 --> 00:18:49,000
existence of the state. 
The state is a giant magnet. 

315
00:18:51,500 --> 00:18:52,800
Four monsters in human form.