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Welcome to Keith's night, don't 
tread on anyone in the 

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libertarian Institute today. 
I am joined by Philip W. 

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Magnus a senior research, 
faculty and director of research

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and education at the American 
Institute for economic research.

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He is also the author of 1619 
project a critique mr. 

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Magnus dr. 
Magnus. 

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I should say, where is the best 
place to find your collection of

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research? 
I see the main area to come to 

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was a ier dot-org. 
That's our website, like 

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maintain a continuous 
publication stream on there. 

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It also has links and everything
under my profile to the academic

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work that I put out the books as
well. 

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Why is studying history 
important? 

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Well, you know that this goes 
back to something that fa Hayek 

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and Ludwig von mises and several
great classical liberal thinkers

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pointed out is our perception of
the past including See events 

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and economic events. 
The vast shapes. 

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How we understand similar events
in the present, so I always give

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the example, the classic one, is
the Great Depression. 

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The fact that there's a lot of 
misinformation out there about 

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the way that the Great 
Depression unfolded, their 

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claims that the New Deal was the
solution to the Great Depression

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and it worked. 
It turns out the empirical 

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evidence is is not very strong 
on that shows actually the 

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opposite effect but the 
widespread perception of that 

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has led to now, basically A 
Century of recurring attempts to

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repeat the Great Depression 
story every time that there's an

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economic downturn. 
So it's a classic example of a 

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bad understanding of the past as
leading to bad policies in the 

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present. 
How can I differentiate between 

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a good historian and a bad 
historian? 

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Well, there are a lot of bad 
historians today. 

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We see this all around us, I've 
Tangled with a few of them, 

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Nancy MacLean. 
And Kevin Bruce come to mind but

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I would even go so far as to say
that the majority of Scholars 

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that are coming out of the week,
Elite ranks of the history 

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profession. 
Ivy League's also top-tier state

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universities are not the most 
scrupulous Also, they seem to be

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political activists on the left 
figure the far left, first and 

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foremost, and Scholars, may be a
tertiary effect of their entire 

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profession. 
And I see this as a very 

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alarming Trend but it's 
something that is worn out. 

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The empirical data. 
The history field is moved in a 

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deeply politicized, Direction 
toward the left for the last 15 

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to 20 years in particular. 
And with that, you've seen a 

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decline in scholarly rigor. 
So It used to be the case that, 

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you know, you think a historian 
knows something about their 

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subject matter and if they say a
factual Claim about an event in 

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the past, you can take it as a 
pretty good authority. 

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They probably know what they're 
talking about. 

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I would say that's no longer the
case. 

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Oftentimes historians, not only 
make mistakes about the past. 

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They willfully misrepresenting 
it because they are trying to 

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argue a political point in the 
present day. 

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So I would say, when reading 
historical claims approaching 

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with the screw And I'm using I 
Look to primary sources go dig 

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up the documents themselves 
especially when they quote 

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somebody. 
So I just Tangled with another 

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historian Quinn Slobodan who 
published all these articles, 

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purporting to show that would 
big Von mises was a racist and I

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started looking at the quotes 
that he was using. 

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It turns out he edited the 
quotes chop them in half and 

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would remove parts of the 
quotation where mises had 

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condemned racism and Eugenics. 
And all these horrible policies 

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that the professors are really 
advancing. 

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So it's really, you know, doing 
the homework doing the the 

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necessary work to check the 
sources. 

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But unfortunately it means that 
we as scrutinizing readers and 

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interpreters with the past have 
our own homework. 

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Every time we encounter 
something like this and 

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scholarship who are some of the 
best historians out there who go

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straight to the primary sources 
and are able to use a good 

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understanding of History to 
build contacts and give the 

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reader a real understanding of 
what happened and why bill. 

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So, This is a never smaller 
field. 

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Unfortunately some of them that 
will be familiar to your readers

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and your listeners. 
So David Beto who's a professor 

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emeritus at the University of 
Alabama has done some top-notch 

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superb excavation of historical 
material, especially on 

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African-American history, its 
relation to civil society and 

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institutions around there. 
Currently. 

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He's working on Rose Wilder Lane
And Zora Neale Hurston as early,

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we were hearing voices of the 
20th century and just really 

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doing the Deep homework to dig 
up their work. 

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You know, I say look around to 
see who some of the scholars 

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that are working, not 
necessarily at the elite 

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institutions, the ivy league but
some of the best historians 

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today you find them at teaching 
colleges you find them at 

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smaller institutions. 
My friend Marcus Witcher is a 

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another just superb scholar who 
published co-authored a book 

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with Rachel Ferguson who's a 
moral philosophy and economics 

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professor and this is looking at
the title of the books, Black 

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Liberation through the 
marketplace. 

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It's looking at free market 
approaches to dealing with the 

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problems of segregation and 
racism in the past. 

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This is not something that's 
coming out of Yale or Harvard. 

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It's coming out of two. 
Very small school institutions 

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of professors that are mainly 
involved in teaching. 

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And yet I would say They have 
produced something that's up 

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ended their entire field because
the field is just not 

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politically interested in 
looking at how markets work. 

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What are some of the most 
misunderstood or 

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underappreciated historical 
events? 

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Well I'll focus on my own area 
and this is the economics of 

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slavery. 
The economics of slavery is a 

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deeply complicated subject. 
It's constantly discussed and 

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things like the 1619 project and
it's popular among lead 

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institutions. 
They talk about the new history 

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capitalism but this is an idiot 
logical history. 

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What they're trying to do is tie
the notion Capitalism. 

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And by that, they mean 
laissez-faire. 

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Free market capitalism to the 
institution of slavery and say 

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the two were waited at the hip 
emerged symbol taneous Lee and 

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the long version of the story. 
Condenses basically to a bullet 

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point that bullet point is that 
America became a wealthy country

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on the backs of slavery on the 
backs of people that were forced

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into labor and basically beaten 
to perform this. 

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And the problem here is it comes
from a really flimsy. 

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Easy set of economic claims to 
misunderstanding of the 

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institution of slavery and how 
its economics performed. 

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If you dig deep into that 
institution, you find that 

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slavery is indeed profitable to 
a very small number of 

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plantation owners. 
But the only reason that it 

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persists and survives is because
it has heavy Public Finance 

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investment from the state, from 
the government slavery is 

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subsidized, directly and 
indirectly by the federal and 

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state governments before Civil 
War, the most obvious examples. 

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You look at the Fugitive Slave 
Act, who is paying for the 

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Fugitive, Slave, patrols to 
round up people that are 

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escaping on the Underground 
Railroad and send them back 

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shall to plantations into 
slavery. 

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And the answer is is very 
clearly there. 

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It's a government, subsidy that 
it's taking place. 

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You also find military 
expenditures on fortifications 

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and armaments throughout the 
cell are not just to repel 

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foreign. 
Ders. 

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They're there to put down slave 
revolts so this is a massive 

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public expenditure that takes 
place before the Civil War and 

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it's all to make this otherwise 
extremely inefficient 

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institution, one, that is 
premise and kind of like a 

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throwback to feudalism and 
that's certainly how the slave 

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owner saw it themselves. 
They saw themselves as feudal 

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Lords of a plantation masters of
Plantation and considered 

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capitalism, a, an intrusive 
invention of British industry in

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Northern industry and a free 
labor economy that was 

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antithetical to slavery. 
And when you start realizing 

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that, you find out that some of 
these claims that are being made

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by modern Scholars and by the 
1619 project, several things 

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like that or are not only wrong,
they're just completely inverted

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from reality. 
So I'd say study these complex 

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Institutions and while deep into
the sources. 

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But slavery itself is a major 
area of where there's A lot of 

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bad information out there that 
comes from week scholarship and 

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I think we can serve the purpose
of correcting that narrative by 

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digging into the history of how 
slavery clashed with capitalism,

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how abolitionist, dating all the
way back to Adam Smith campaign 

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and crusaded against slavery. 
He'll Someone Like Richard 

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Cobden most famous for repealing
the Corn Laws in England and 

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delivering the doctrine of free 
trade. 

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Its first major policy Victory 
worldwide. 

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Also after he wins That he 
becomes an abolitionist and 

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trains Frederick Douglass to 
Follows the same tactics, he 

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used to advance free trade, to 
take them and apply them to 

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fighting slavery. 
So this is an area that I think 

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is very fertile for research. 
It's something that's badly 

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misunderstood and misrepresented
in the scholarly mainstream 

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which is mostly just idiot 
logical at this point. 

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So, the main fallacy is saying 
that America large number of 

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people benefited from X. 
When in reality, some people 

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benefited at the expense of 
others, like saying, well, 

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America really benefited from, 
you know, going into 

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Afghanistan, Iraq, and all these
other countries. 

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I mean, look at Lockheed 
Martin's profits. 

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Sure, sure, that that's that. 
That is the heart of this 

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fallacy with colonialism and 
slavery. 

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It, is there any Main fallacy 
that we want to extract that we 

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could learn from and make sure 
we don't repeat the same mistake

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today. 
Well thank you just hit the nail

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on the head. 
And what I think is more 

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representative of is these are 
people that view economics, as a

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zero-sum game that they think 
that there's a fixed amount of 

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wealth in the world. 
And it's claimed by certain 

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people and taken away from other
people. 

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It's the exploiters and they 
exploited, its the Bourgeois and

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the proletariat. 
And really I, you know, I use 

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these terms and Additionally 
because it does come back to a 

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very marxian mindset that a lot 
of people approach the economic 

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past and they cannot view the 
distribution and use and 

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creation of wealth creation of 
resources in anything other than

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a material contest between the 
Haves and the Have Nots and 

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therefore, everything devolves 
to a zero-sum game when that 

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stopped reality at all. 
Bonkers through who George 

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Fitzhugh was and what his 
justification was for the 

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continuance of slave labor. 
So, George Fitzhugh is a slave 

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owning theorist from the, the 
South that in the decade. 

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Or so. 
Before the American Civil War, 

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he probably becomes the single 
most prominent intellectual 

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proponent of slavery. 
He engages in debate, It's with 

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the abolitionists. 
So you have George Fitzhugh, 

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arguing the pro-slavery side and
Wendell Phillips is arguing the 

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anti-slavery side and a famous 
debate. 

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They had with each other pitch, 
who publishes a series of books 

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to ebooks and the 1850s and then
dozens upon dozens of Articles 

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and the bowels review, which was
the most widely circulated in 

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red, Southern magazine at the 
time and part of his theory, 

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we'll really the Crux of his 
theory is an argument for 

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slavery is a natural order of 
society. 

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He Is the market as chaotic. 
He used Freedom as something 

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that's extended to an 
undeserving and unworthy race of

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people and he views Society is 
something that should be 

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hierarchical e structured. 
But the way that he comes to 

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this, this reasoning is really 
kind of a roundabout story. 

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That's often missed in the way 
that historians discussed this 

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issue because Fitzhugh is a 
self-described. 

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Socialist, he thinks that free 
the Plantation Slaves system has

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perfected, the model of 
socialism, because what does it 

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do? 
What provides for all the 

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workers? 
It gives them housing, it gives 

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them food. 
It gives them clothing and gives

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them tasks. 
He basically sees the plantation

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is a centralized economy ruled 
over by a benevolent. 

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Plantation owner and says that, 
you know, the Socialist will 

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only look at this model, they 
have a way to him, play it to 

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plan their entire countries. 
If Factory owners would only 

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adopt this model and he wants to
Sport slavery in the factories. 

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They done an entire way to plan 
their economies around this. 

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He actually makes a an argument 
that presages directly what Karl

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Marx says and Das kapital that 
basically that wage labor is a 

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capitalist institution that 
exploits the laborer to the 

230
00:13:33,000 --> 00:13:36,000
benefit of the capital owner. 
So he comes up with a theory of 

231
00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:38,800
surplus-value, he claims that, 
this is what the capital is 

232
00:13:38,800 --> 00:13:42,400
ceases. 
Away from the laborer in the 

233
00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:46,000
amount of Labor performed and 
does so unjustly, and he views 

234
00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:48,200
slavery as correcting this 
problem. 

235
00:13:48,600 --> 00:13:52,100
So he's kind of like this Proto 
marxian theorist, that draws 

236
00:13:52,100 --> 00:13:55,400
very heavily on earlier, social 
socialists. 

237
00:13:55,600 --> 00:13:58,500
He writes on the, some of the 
French utopian socialists or is 

238
00:13:58,500 --> 00:14:01,700
inspiration, and then Thomas 
Carlyle. 

239
00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:05,300
The English Tory socialist 
historian are his major 

240
00:14:05,300 --> 00:14:09,200
influences and this is the 
dominant pro-slavery ideology in

241
00:14:09,200 --> 00:14:11,400
the evil. 
Civil War, what's a real problem

242
00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:13,900
for those who say that slavery 
in capitalism of the 

243
00:14:13,900 --> 00:14:17,000
laissez-faire variety or wedded 
at the hip because fit you, in 

244
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:21,500
addition to being a socialist, 
as an avowed enemy of Adam 

245
00:14:21,500 --> 00:14:24,000
Smith, he's an avowed enemy of 
free trade. 

246
00:14:24,100 --> 00:14:27,900
He opens the first chapter of 
his, his first major book on 

247
00:14:27,900 --> 00:14:31,900
slavery, social science, 
sociology for the self not by a 

248
00:14:31,900 --> 00:14:36,100
defense of slavery itself, but 
by a broadside against free 

249
00:14:36,100 --> 00:14:40,000
markets and free trade. 
He says laissez-faire is an 

250
00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:45,200
institution of chaos and society
and says, quote is at war with 

251
00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:48,900
all types of slavery everywhere.
He says, the books of Adam Smith

252
00:14:48,900 --> 00:14:52,100
should be quote cast Into the 
Fire because they will undo the 

253
00:14:52,100 --> 00:14:55,800
slave system. 
When it comes to what, what 

254
00:14:55,800 --> 00:14:59,400
lessons can be learned, because 
slavery is often thrown around 

255
00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:02,200
much, like saying that someone 
belongs to the National 

256
00:15:02,200 --> 00:15:05,200
Socialist Party of Germany, it's
not about really learning the 

257
00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:07,900
lessons. 
It's about making your opponent 

258
00:15:07,900 --> 00:15:11,900
in that moment, feel small. 
But when it comes to what 

259
00:15:11,900 --> 00:15:16,000
lessons can be learned from the 
history of slavery, what can we 

260
00:15:16,008 --> 00:15:18,300
appreciate today? 
What would you say? 

261
00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:20,700
We could learn from the history 
of slavery. 

262
00:15:21,100 --> 00:15:25,300
I'd say the first lesson and 
most And listen is to study how 

263
00:15:25,500 --> 00:15:28,000
we got rid of slavery, how the 
world came to view. 

264
00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:31,200
This is a bad thing. 
How we exterminated the 

265
00:15:31,200 --> 00:15:35,200
institution in most parts of the
world today and this is an 

266
00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:38,400
age-old problem that goes back 
to ancient times. 

267
00:15:38,800 --> 00:15:41,500
You know, the slavery is an 
institution in biblical times 

268
00:15:41,500 --> 00:15:43,900
slavery. 
As an institution in almost 

269
00:15:43,900 --> 00:15:48,100
every society in world history. 
It isn't really until the, the 

270
00:15:48,100 --> 00:15:51,200
late 18th century Enlightenment 
movements that people start to 

271
00:15:51,200 --> 00:15:55,700
actually question this. 
In systematic ways, there are a 

272
00:15:55,700 --> 00:15:59,300
few precursors to that and I'm 
certain, you can find if you go 

273
00:15:59,300 --> 00:16:02,300
back into the ancient world, 
people that absolutely denounce 

274
00:16:02,300 --> 00:16:05,300
slavery. 
But the first systematic effort 

275
00:16:05,300 --> 00:16:09,200
to exterminate this institution 
emerges in the late 18th early 

276
00:16:09,200 --> 00:16:13,400
19th centuries. 
Well, the lesson here is to ask 

277
00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:14,600
the question. 
Well, who are the people that 

278
00:16:14,608 --> 00:16:17,900
are leading? 
The case of why slavery is 

279
00:16:17,900 --> 00:16:21,600
wrong, and one of the earliest. 
Major abolitionist thinkers is 

280
00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:25,100
Adam Smith himself. 
He addresses the problem of 

281
00:16:25,100 --> 00:16:27,100
slavery and all of his major 
works. 

282
00:16:27,200 --> 00:16:28,900
It's in the theory of moral 
sentiments. 

283
00:16:29,100 --> 00:16:31,900
It's in The Wealth of Nations 
and it's addressed in several of

284
00:16:31,900 --> 00:16:35,300
his surviving lectures as a 
college professor on questions 

285
00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:39,500
of justice and jurisprudence in 
an all three of these areas, he 

286
00:16:39,500 --> 00:16:44,600
attacks slavery as economically,
destructive fundamentally 

287
00:16:44,600 --> 00:16:47,000
immoral and politically 
corrupting. 

288
00:16:47,500 --> 00:16:51,100
And it's that last point, that 
really gets to the heart of the 

289
00:16:51,100 --> 00:16:52,600
matter. 
Because he asked the question, 

290
00:16:52,700 --> 00:16:57,000
why is Avery, even when it's 
recognized, is a moral evil as a

291
00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:59,600
wrong. 
So difficult to get rid of and 

292
00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:02,200
his answer is, their basic, is 
that slave owners are basically 

293
00:17:02,200 --> 00:17:04,900
rent Seekers there. 
An interest group they didn't 

294
00:17:04,900 --> 00:17:08,599
mesh themselves in the 
legislature wherever they come 

295
00:17:08,599 --> 00:17:11,300
into power. 
And when they do, so, what is 

296
00:17:11,300 --> 00:17:13,099
the first thing that they, they 
do? 

297
00:17:13,099 --> 00:17:15,400
Once, they've seized the control
of the legislature, they start 

298
00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:18,400
voting themselves resources from
the public treasury. 

299
00:17:18,599 --> 00:17:20,599
It's a prop up and extend 
slavery. 

300
00:17:20,800 --> 00:17:23,200
So Spencer really, one of the 
first people that diagnosis. 

301
00:17:23,300 --> 00:17:28,400
Slavery in a systematic way here
and this gives generations of 

302
00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:32,300
abolitionists the tools that 
they need to start understanding

303
00:17:32,400 --> 00:17:34,100
what the problem is with 
slavery. 

304
00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:37,200
The slave power is how it 
becomes referred to by the mid 

305
00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:40,400
19th century through heirs and 
descendants of Smithy and 

306
00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:43,300
economics. 
They start saying well slavery 

307
00:17:43,300 --> 00:17:46,900
is in fact, a very evil 
pernicious interest group that 

308
00:17:46,900 --> 00:17:48,800
has captured the reins of 
government. 

309
00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:51,500
If you want to take it on you 
need to figure out how to 

310
00:17:51,500 --> 00:17:54,600
undermine those. 
Special interest claims that 

311
00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:57,800
it's made and subsequent 
abolitionists do that. 

312
00:17:57,800 --> 00:18:01,800
The first attack on slavery, 
goes after the slave trade of 

313
00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:04,600
the international slave trade 
itself and this comes out of 

314
00:18:04,600 --> 00:18:08,800
England, it's a group of of 
free-market minded. 

315
00:18:09,100 --> 00:18:12,900
They call them political liberal
wigs, in the aftermath of the 

316
00:18:12,900 --> 00:18:15,800
American Revolution. 
They start to mount a case 

317
00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:19,200
against the slave trade. 
The first bill is put forth in 

318
00:18:19,200 --> 00:18:24,800
1791, it's unsuccessful because 
it runs Head-on into the 

319
00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:27,800
Liverpool Merchants industry, 
which is benefiting of the slave

320
00:18:27,800 --> 00:18:32,200
system, the slave trade system. 
They wage basically a 20-year 

321
00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:36,000
campaign to abolish it and 
succeed in 1807, and 1808 

322
00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:39,900
through series of of 
parliamentary acts by taking on 

323
00:18:39,900 --> 00:18:42,900
the interest group in chipping 
away at the institution. 

324
00:18:43,200 --> 00:18:45,800
Well, then there's another two 
decades log that they have to 

325
00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:48,600
push through to actually abolish
slavery in the British Empire. 

326
00:18:49,100 --> 00:18:52,200
And this is when Frederick 
Douglass goes over to the 

327
00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:56,700
Kingdom in the 1840s on a 
speaking tour. 

328
00:18:57,000 --> 00:19:00,400
He is introduced to several of 
the veterans of this movement 

329
00:19:00,600 --> 00:19:03,700
that abolish slavery in the 
British Empire and picks up on 

330
00:19:03,700 --> 00:19:06,600
those tactics. 
And realizes that there is any, 

331
00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:11,100
a liberal classical liberal 
intellectual philosophy behind 

332
00:19:11,100 --> 00:19:13,300
all of this, everything that 
he's doing. 

333
00:19:13,300 --> 00:19:16,400
If you read his autobiography, 
he directly credits Richard 

334
00:19:16,400 --> 00:19:19,800
Cobden and John bright for 
showing him the tactics that 

335
00:19:19,800 --> 00:19:22,200
he's going to bring to the 
United States to fight slavery. 

336
00:19:22,800 --> 00:19:26,700
So I guess this is another way 
of saying that Libertarians 

337
00:19:26,800 --> 00:19:30,500
classical liberals free-market, 
thinkers need to ensure it 

338
00:19:30,500 --> 00:19:32,500
claimed. 
This is part of our Legacy. 

339
00:19:32,900 --> 00:19:38,200
This was one of the great policy
and strategic and moral 

340
00:19:38,200 --> 00:19:41,300
victories of the 19th century, 
along with the elevation of free

341
00:19:41,300 --> 00:19:43,900
trade. 
It was the elevation of the 

342
00:19:43,900 --> 00:19:46,800
anti-slavery, cause even to the 
point that if you said you were 

343
00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:50,200
a classical liberal or just a 
straight-up liberal and say like

344
00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:54,200
1850 and the British world that 
meant you, Probably believed in 

345
00:19:54,200 --> 00:19:56,300
three things. 
One is free markets and free 

346
00:19:56,300 --> 00:20:00,100
trade. 
To anti-colonialism, 

347
00:20:00,100 --> 00:20:03,600
anti-imperialism and three 
abolition of slavery. 

348
00:20:03,900 --> 00:20:07,500
Those are the major planks of 
the liberal platform and the 

349
00:20:07,508 --> 00:20:10,900
fact that we succeeded so much 
on the abolition of slavery as 

350
00:20:10,900 --> 00:20:12,800
methods kind of faded into the 
background. 

351
00:20:12,900 --> 00:20:17,400
We don't talk about it as much 
as a part of what free market 

352
00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:21,000
theory in tables anymore. 
And yet, it's there in, was 

353
00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:23,100
there from the very beginning 
and Adam Smith. 

354
00:20:24,100 --> 00:20:27,900
So is it the ideas and simply 
changing public opinion through 

355
00:20:27,900 --> 00:20:31,200
spotting these ideas that 
slavery became weekend and then 

356
00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:35,400
no longer has recognized on a 
large scale, institutionalized 

357
00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:38,600
basis, or was it people started 
resisting? 

358
00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:41,500
Or there were technological 
changes that no longer made it 

359
00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:45,400
profitable, see all three of the
above, but you need that 40 

360
00:20:45,400 --> 00:20:47,100
Foundation. 
There he need the moral 

361
00:20:47,100 --> 00:20:49,800
Foundation to understand why 
this institution is wrong. 

362
00:20:49,900 --> 00:20:53,300
So, when it starts to be 
challenged by other labor, 

363
00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:57,400
Moments when the South starts to
lag economically behind the rest

364
00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:00,400
of the country. 
People start asking the 

365
00:21:00,408 --> 00:21:02,000
question. 
Well maybe something is wrong 

366
00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:04,900
with slavery, not only in the 
economic sense, but in the moral

367
00:21:04,900 --> 00:21:07,100
sense. 
So having having both of those 

368
00:21:07,100 --> 00:21:11,800
arguments there together, allow 
the abolition movement to 

369
00:21:11,808 --> 00:21:15,600
basically triangulate the issue 
and make a very forceful case 

370
00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:19,500
against it. 
Now, it does in mesh itself in a

371
00:21:19,500 --> 00:21:22,900
very violent, and brutal and 
bloody, and tragic War and the 

372
00:21:22,900 --> 00:21:28,300
civil And the way that that was 
handled and played out I guess 

373
00:21:28,300 --> 00:21:31,800
another way of saying it is, 
there are very few people that 

374
00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:34,400
come out of the Civil War 
looking good. 

375
00:21:35,100 --> 00:21:38,200
There are Bad actors to be found
all over the place. 

376
00:21:38,200 --> 00:21:42,200
Now, the Confederacy itself does
go to war to defend slavery. 

377
00:21:42,300 --> 00:21:44,800
It's actually the union 
hesitates to make slavery, 

378
00:21:44,800 --> 00:21:50,200
anti-slavery a component of its 
cause although on the periphery,

379
00:21:50,200 --> 00:21:53,900
it certainly is there and it 
moves to the center by the war. 

380
00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:58,500
So you find several of these 
tactics basically coming to 

381
00:21:58,500 --> 00:22:02,700
fruition but it needed that 
intellectual basis there. 

382
00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:06,100
In other words, what happened in
1865 could not have happened 

383
00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:09,400
without a previous half-century 
of people. 

384
00:22:09,400 --> 00:22:12,900
Making the intellectual case 
against slavery to recognize 

385
00:22:12,900 --> 00:22:15,800
that it is wrong. 
The reason I think this is so 

386
00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:20,100
important is because it's 
usually the monetary side that's

387
00:22:20,100 --> 00:22:22,800
focused on when it comes to 
slavery, commonly referred to as

388
00:22:22,900 --> 00:22:23,700
free. 
Labor. 

389
00:22:23,700 --> 00:22:27,100
And the problem is you are not 
compensated monetarily, but if 

390
00:22:27,100 --> 00:22:30,100
you read Frederick douglass's 
autobiography, they got 

391
00:22:30,200 --> 00:22:33,300
allowances and they got food 
water clothing and shelter. 

392
00:22:33,500 --> 00:22:36,400
So if you don't have the 
classical liberal libertarian, 

393
00:22:36,400 --> 00:22:39,500
understanding of it's wrong to 
initiate violence against 

394
00:22:39,500 --> 00:22:41,900
peaceful, people force them to 
do something against their will.

395
00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:45,900
Well, then, I'm not surprised 
that both zielinski and Putin 

396
00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:50,300
are practicing conscription and 
that's not really front and 

397
00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:53,300
center at the news, I had to dig
so hard to find. 

398
00:22:53,400 --> 00:22:56,900
And something I go. 
Oh yeah, it's actually 

399
00:22:56,900 --> 00:23:00,100
everywhere. 
But once you really look for it.

400
00:23:00,100 --> 00:23:03,100
But first, you got to find like 
the keywords to what to look 

401
00:23:03,100 --> 00:23:04,900
for. 
So that's why I wanted to. 

402
00:23:04,900 --> 00:23:07,600
And then one final thing, I 
think this is the last thing. 

403
00:23:08,300 --> 00:23:11,200
How was the average person sold 
on the cock? 

404
00:23:11,300 --> 00:23:14,000
I can't imagine the average 
person is thinking well that 

405
00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:19,200
fits you as making a good point.
How is the average person sold 

406
00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:22,400
on such a blatant scam? 
These people can own these 

407
00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:25,200
people and they Can't even own 
property or make decisions for 

408
00:23:25,200 --> 00:23:28,100
themselves. 
Well, the self-constructed a 

409
00:23:28,100 --> 00:23:31,300
mythology around the slave 
system and a mythology around 

410
00:23:31,300 --> 00:23:32,800
its major output, which is 
cotton. 

411
00:23:33,400 --> 00:23:36,600
It's called The King Cotton 
thesis and this came into Vogue 

412
00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:39,200
in the 1850s. 
It basically claimed that cotton

413
00:23:39,200 --> 00:23:43,600
is such a crucial component of 
not only the national output, 

414
00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:47,300
but the international World 
economy that all other 

415
00:23:47,300 --> 00:23:49,500
Industries would come crashing 
down. 

416
00:23:49,700 --> 00:23:53,200
If the cotton trade did not 
exist and they construct this 

417
00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:56,900
Story by noting that the 
southern cotton is exported to 

418
00:23:56,900 --> 00:24:00,000
across the ocean, to Europe, to 
the factories of Europe, which 

419
00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:03,000
turned into textiles and sent to
the factories and the north 

420
00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:06,000
turned into textiles that 
they're all sorts of economic 

421
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:09,000
Arrangements in it. 
And the claim here was that, 

422
00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:15,700
it's so Central to economic 
production that anyone or 

423
00:24:15,700 --> 00:24:18,000
anything that makes war on 
slavery. 

424
00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:21,200
As also making war on its own 
well-being, would undermine the 

425
00:24:21,208 --> 00:24:25,100
world economy and throw. 
Entire country into a recession 

426
00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:28,200
if they attack slavery and 
actually convince themselves of 

427
00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:30,700
this during the Civil War. 
Well, it turns out they were 

428
00:24:31,100 --> 00:24:33,400
exercising and other economic 
fallacy. 

429
00:24:33,700 --> 00:24:38,700
They were using a single product
theory of production to 

430
00:24:38,800 --> 00:24:41,800
understand and interpret the 
entire US economy and what 

431
00:24:41,800 --> 00:24:44,300
happens during the Civil War 
will the Confederacy gets cut 

432
00:24:44,300 --> 00:24:49,100
off from nominally National 
Industry but World Trade by both

433
00:24:49,100 --> 00:24:52,700
the blockade and they also adopt
a policy of intentionally 

434
00:24:52,700 --> 00:24:54,600
restricting. 
Their own exports to try to 

435
00:24:54,600 --> 00:24:57,600
lower Europe into the world and 
to the war on their behalf. 

436
00:24:57,800 --> 00:25:01,000
Well, what happens England goes 
elsewhere and finds cotton 

437
00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:03,700
produced in other ways, they 
turn to Egypt, they turn to 

438
00:25:03,700 --> 00:25:05,400
India. 
They turn to the British West 

439
00:25:05,400 --> 00:25:09,300
Indies and find cotton produced 
through wage labor. 

440
00:25:09,900 --> 00:25:14,000
And that just basically burst 
the entire bubble of this notion

441
00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:16,500
that cotton is the driver of the
world economy. 

442
00:25:17,100 --> 00:25:20,700
So basically what ended up being
a line of propaganda in the 

443
00:25:20,700 --> 00:25:25,700
1850s comes Crashing Down. 
A mere in the action and course 

444
00:25:25,700 --> 00:25:28,100
of the Civil War. 
Now, I mention this because it's

445
00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:31,200
it's pertinent to the 
scholarship today. 

446
00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:34,700
Many of these theorists on the 
left that are claiming slavery 

447
00:25:34,700 --> 00:25:38,900
and capitalism are wedded at the
hip have unintentionally 

448
00:25:39,700 --> 00:25:43,200
rehabilitated King Cotton 
economic ideology. 

449
00:25:43,500 --> 00:25:46,200
They're essentially making the 
exact same claim that cotton was

450
00:25:46,200 --> 00:25:49,500
the centerpiece of American 
Wealth and the American economy.

451
00:25:49,700 --> 00:25:52,400
Although they they take it from 
an anti-slavery perspective, 

452
00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:54,000
they're coming at it from the 
the left. 

453
00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:56,700
But nonetheless, they accept the
economic claims of the King 

454
00:25:56,700 --> 00:25:59,600
Cotton theorists and all we have
to do is to look at the Civil 

455
00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:05,800
War itself as a direct debunking
of that, entire economic 

456
00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:11,100
narrative, and yet we found some
of these Works neo-king cotton 

457
00:26:11,100 --> 00:26:15,300
theorists essentially have gone 
on to attain Great Heights in 

458
00:26:15,300 --> 00:26:21,300
the history profession neo-king 
cotton theorists is and that 

459
00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:23,200
people today you say you don't 
worry. 

460
00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:27,100
Actually good for the economy. 
So we should we should continue 

461
00:26:27,100 --> 00:26:29,800
what to funnel money to 
Raytheon. 

462
00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:33,000
And yeah, hundreds of thousands 
of people get killed but really 

463
00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:35,200
gets the gears of the economy 
going. 

464
00:26:35,400 --> 00:26:38,900
It is the broken window fallacy 
over and over and over again. 

465
00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:42,200
We heard the same thing. 
The the popular claim that WWII 

466
00:26:42,200 --> 00:26:45,700
got us out of the Great 
Depression Wars are destructive 

467
00:26:45,700 --> 00:26:49,300
entities, they destroy physical 
capital, they destroy human 

468
00:26:49,300 --> 00:26:52,800
lives much like slavery. 
So you know, here's one of the 

469
00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:56,700
other car Cost the economic cost
of slavery in the denying, 

470
00:26:57,200 --> 00:26:59,500
individual freedom, and undying 
agency. 

471
00:26:59,500 --> 00:27:02,600
To people that are suffering 
under this institution, the 

472
00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:07,900
enslaved people themselves, you 
know, you are basically that the

473
00:27:07,900 --> 00:27:12,200
opportunity cost of the 
institution is you never get to 

474
00:27:12,208 --> 00:27:16,700
see or realize the human capital
of what people would produce if 

475
00:27:16,700 --> 00:27:20,300
they were otherwise free. 
You see, only the destruction, 

476
00:27:21,500 --> 00:27:25,000
same thing with war, You end up 
waging a war. 

477
00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:28,600
Maybe it, attains a military 
outcome and you claim that, hey,

478
00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:31,900
we put all this money to 
invigorate certain companies 

479
00:27:32,100 --> 00:27:36,400
were contractors and that has 
jump-started their industry. 

480
00:27:36,400 --> 00:27:41,200
Well, yes, it certainly has been
an infusion of armaments into 

481
00:27:41,700 --> 00:27:44,900
into an economy Armament 
production, but the question we 

482
00:27:44,908 --> 00:27:48,100
always have to ask is Economist 
is what could that money have 

483
00:27:48,100 --> 00:27:50,100
been spent on? 
Otherwise what was this other 

484
00:27:50,100 --> 00:27:51,500
use? 
That would never occur. 

485
00:27:51,500 --> 00:27:54,300
That Never Was realized. 
When we put soldiers on the 

486
00:27:54,300 --> 00:27:55,700
battlefield, we ask the 
question. 

487
00:27:55,800 --> 00:28:00,000
What would those soldiers have 
done if instead of being shot 

488
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:05,400
down in an act of War instead of
losing their lives or being 

489
00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:07,700
horribly maimed? 
What would they have done with 

490
00:28:07,700 --> 00:28:10,300
their lives and the alternative 
situation? 

491
00:28:10,500 --> 00:28:11,800
And it's something that we never
see. 

492
00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:17,500
So, it's seen versus the Unseen 
taken to its full fruition One 

493
00:28:17,600 --> 00:28:20,300
of the first time I heard about 
the American Institute for 

494
00:28:20,300 --> 00:28:25,000
economic research was when you 
and Ed Stringham and Jeffrey 

495
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:29,300
Tucker came out when it was 
maybe the least unpopular thing 

496
00:28:29,300 --> 00:28:33,200
to do in my lifetime. 
Like it would have been Harry 

497
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:36,300
Brown coming out and talking 
about blowback after 9/11. 

498
00:28:36,500 --> 00:28:39,600
And then, right after is you 
guys coming out against the 

499
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:45,200
lockdowns in like March of 2020.
So the question is what 

500
00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:48,900
empirical methods are criteria. 
Can we use to determine the 

501
00:28:48,900 --> 00:28:52,200
effectiveness of lockdowns and 
mandates? 

502
00:28:52,700 --> 00:28:55,700
Well, this is a fun area that I 
work on in very active ways. 

503
00:28:56,300 --> 00:28:59,200
There are all sorts of tools. 
From econometrics, we call them 

504
00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:02,400
causal inference techniques. 
And what they try to do is look 

505
00:29:02,400 --> 00:29:08,100
for a natural experiments cases,
where one country or one state, 

506
00:29:08,100 --> 00:29:12,000
or even sometimes. 
One city or Locale deviated from

507
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:16,000
the policy of lockdowns to see 
if true. 

508
00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:19,800
Counterfactual that real-time 
counterfactual, they perform 

509
00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:21,800
very differently. 
And this goes back all the way 

510
00:29:21,800 --> 00:29:25,100
to March 2020. 
So, opposed lockdowns from the 

511
00:29:25,100 --> 00:29:27,900
beginning, when the whole 
country was going into lockdown 

512
00:29:27,900 --> 00:29:31,700
and when they were sweeping 
across the world, I had my 

513
00:29:31,700 --> 00:29:34,900
reasons to be skeptical of it 
because I did did some reading 

514
00:29:34,900 --> 00:29:36,900
in the epidemiology Read 
Literature. 

515
00:29:37,300 --> 00:29:42,600
And what first tip me off is 
that as recently as 2019, the 

516
00:29:42,608 --> 00:29:45,900
World Health Organization was 
publishing panda. 

517
00:29:46,100 --> 00:29:50,800
MC response, plans to influenza 
that said, above all else, do 

518
00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:53,200
not walk down, this doesn't 
work. 

519
00:29:53,700 --> 00:29:58,700
We have experience and data from
the Spanish Flu in 1918. 

520
00:29:58,800 --> 00:30:02,000
We have all sorts of historical 
evidence that shows that every 

521
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,700
time this has been tried, it is 
a catastrophic failure. 

522
00:30:04,700 --> 00:30:07,200
It doesn't deliver on what it 
promises to do. 

523
00:30:07,300 --> 00:30:10,000
And oh, by the way, it's 
extremely susceptible to 

524
00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:13,900
political misuse and abuse. 
And part of that winter, also 

525
00:30:13,900 --> 00:30:18,200
said that the way that lockdowns
Argued by some of the 

526
00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:21,300
epidemiology and Health 
Professions is entirely 

527
00:30:21,300 --> 00:30:25,400
contingent upon these. 
Hypothetical models, computer 

528
00:30:25,400 --> 00:30:27,800
modeling. 
This was the Neil Ferguson 

529
00:30:27,800 --> 00:30:31,300
Imperial College model that 
burst onto the scene at the 

530
00:30:31,300 --> 00:30:33,900
beginning of the pandemic and 
basically convinced the United 

531
00:30:33,900 --> 00:30:36,700
States and Great Britain to go 
into lockdowns and then 

532
00:30:36,700 --> 00:30:38,300
eventually the rest of the world
followed. 

533
00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:42,300
Well, it turns out, this was a 
computer model that had some 

534
00:30:42,300 --> 00:30:46,600
very erroneous premises behind 
it, for example, a Didn't even 

535
00:30:46,600 --> 00:30:49,100
account for the situation of 
nursing homes. 

536
00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:54,800
It didn't account for all sorts 
of very common circumstances 

537
00:30:54,800 --> 00:30:58,500
that emerge in the first few 
weeks of covid-19, which is that

538
00:30:58,500 --> 00:31:00,400
the elderly were, especially 
vulnerable. 

539
00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:04,700
And the young not so much. 
So I start reading this model 

540
00:31:04,700 --> 00:31:07,500
and asking the question. 
Well, why are we even following 

541
00:31:07,500 --> 00:31:09,800
this thing? 
It seems like the junk model 

542
00:31:09,800 --> 00:31:13,500
seems like it's poorly designed 
and poorly constructed and there

543
00:31:13,500 --> 00:31:18,400
are no real counterfactual. 
Asked in the real world to show 

544
00:31:18,400 --> 00:31:20,800
why we should even listen to 
this Niall Ferguson guy, other 

545
00:31:20,800 --> 00:31:24,400
than that, he's on TV saying 
that if we don't walk down 

546
00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:28,600
tomorrow tens of millions of 
people die and oh, by the way, 

547
00:31:28,600 --> 00:31:30,700
he had done this during mad cow 
disease. 

548
00:31:30,700 --> 00:31:34,600
He had done this during the 
avian flu during all these 

549
00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:37,300
previous pandemics and none of 
his predictions ever came true. 

550
00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:41,200
Well, the first few weeks, the 
the pandemic, I noticed 

551
00:31:41,200 --> 00:31:45,400
something very early on that the
Ferguson model for the United 

552
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:49,000
States and you UK had been 
adapted to the rest of Europe. 

553
00:31:49,100 --> 00:31:51,900
They eventually released 
projections for all countries 

554
00:31:51,900 --> 00:31:55,300
around the world. 
On what would happen if a they 

555
00:31:55,300 --> 00:32:00,100
walk down, be they had kind of a
lighter touch approach that had 

556
00:32:00,100 --> 00:32:02,500
partial lockdown or see. 
They did nothing at all. 

557
00:32:02,500 --> 00:32:06,500
They stayed open and the model 
assume catastrophe. 

558
00:32:06,500 --> 00:32:10,500
If they stayed opened slightly 
less than catastrophe. 

559
00:32:10,500 --> 00:32:14,700
If they did a mild light touch 
voluntary approach and the 

560
00:32:14,700 --> 00:32:18,000
disease would go away. 
It would peak in June, or July, 

561
00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:20,000
20, 20, and then dropped to 
nothing. 

562
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:23,600
If everybody walked down that 
was the basis of the model and 

563
00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:25,800
they did a country. 
By country that I noticed, one 

564
00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:31,400
thing they had published results
for Sweden Sweden as we know did

565
00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:33,400
not go into lockdown. 
They were one of the only 

566
00:32:33,400 --> 00:32:35,800
countries in the world that are 
only on said, no, we're going to

567
00:32:35,808 --> 00:32:37,900
go the other course. 
We're going to keep our schools 

568
00:32:37,900 --> 00:32:42,100
open, keep businesses open and 
just basically whether the 

569
00:32:42,100 --> 00:32:45,900
pandemic through usual, Normal, 
Public Health measures wash, 

570
00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:49,400
Your hands stay home. 
If you're sick, try to isolate 

571
00:32:49,400 --> 00:32:51,800
the elderly, Sweden, 
unfortunately didn't get that 

572
00:32:51,800 --> 00:32:55,100
plan into place early enough, so
they had the same problem and 

573
00:32:55,100 --> 00:32:58,900
their nursing homes, but 
otherwise, they stayed open and 

574
00:32:58,900 --> 00:33:02,300
I start watching the Swedish 
numbers come in in according to 

575
00:33:02,300 --> 00:33:04,700
the Ferguson model and some of 
the coffee cats that were 

576
00:33:04,700 --> 00:33:10,100
produced shortly thereafter. 
Sweden was supposed to be like 

577
00:33:10,100 --> 00:33:14,600
in the throngs of covid 
Apocalypse by around June 2020 

578
00:33:14,800 --> 00:33:18,300
Neal Distance model was 
predicting, somewhere the nature

579
00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:24,800
of 80 to 90,000. 
People did by July 1st 2020, 

580
00:33:25,100 --> 00:33:27,900
then I start working at the 
actual statistics in Sweden, has

581
00:33:27,900 --> 00:33:30,600
maybe two to three thousand 
dead, even though they stayed 

582
00:33:30,600 --> 00:33:33,600
open. 
So the catastrophe model failed 

583
00:33:33,600 --> 00:33:37,500
and real-time the catastrophe 
model turned out to be based on 

584
00:33:37,500 --> 00:33:39,700
an error. 
It overstated its ability to 

585
00:33:39,700 --> 00:33:44,400
stop covid in an understated. 
Basically, the ability of a free

586
00:33:44,400 --> 00:33:47,600
Society to or this while staying
open. 

587
00:33:47,900 --> 00:33:51,800
And through that real-time test,
we had our direct demonstration 

588
00:33:52,100 --> 00:33:55,500
that the lockdowns were not 
doing what they had been sold on

589
00:33:55,500 --> 00:33:58,300
what they had been promised to 
achieve. 

590
00:33:58,500 --> 00:34:03,500
And that realization basically 
got me to the point where I 

591
00:34:03,500 --> 00:34:07,100
started writing and Publishing 
on this on a regular basis and 

592
00:34:07,100 --> 00:34:10,699
became pretty vocal, in 
opposing, the lockdowns, of 

593
00:34:10,707 --> 00:34:14,000
course, Neil Ferguson some of 
these modelers, they eventually 

594
00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:17,400
get questioned and asked about 
the L case why it's not 

595
00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:19,900
following their course and what 
did he do? 

596
00:34:19,900 --> 00:34:23,100
Well like a good University 
Professor he lied. 

597
00:34:23,900 --> 00:34:26,400
He claimed that he never ran a 
sweet and model. 

598
00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:30,199
He got Imperial College is Media
team to deny that they had ever 

599
00:34:30,199 --> 00:34:33,800
made these projections and claim
that they they must have come 

600
00:34:33,800 --> 00:34:38,100
from someone erroneously using 
his computer model to project 

601
00:34:38,100 --> 00:34:42,800
things which one I just said 
well quick-paced. 

602
00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:45,300
Here's a copy of the link on 
your own website. 

603
00:34:45,300 --> 00:34:47,800
We're back. 
Chin in March 2020, you 

604
00:34:47,800 --> 00:34:52,000
published your Swedish data, 
you're clearly lying right now. 

605
00:34:52,400 --> 00:34:54,300
But unfortunately, that's that's
what we've been facing for the 

606
00:34:54,300 --> 00:34:59,300
entire pandemic is epidemiology 
modelers that are wedded to this

607
00:34:59,300 --> 00:35:06,100
junk methodology claiming causal
results that they could not with

608
00:35:06,100 --> 00:35:09,400
Jetta mately demonstrate through
the tools that they are using. 

609
00:35:09,500 --> 00:35:12,100
And ignoring the real world 
evidence that contradicts them, 

610
00:35:13,400 --> 00:35:17,700
When it comes to states in 
America of the 50 states, not 

611
00:35:17,700 --> 00:35:21,300
all of them. 
Had the same lockdown procedures

612
00:35:21,300 --> 00:35:26,200
or legislations that followed. 
Is there any correlation between

613
00:35:26,200 --> 00:35:29,700
strict, lockdowns, heavy mask, 
mandates, heavy vax, mandates 

614
00:35:29,900 --> 00:35:32,800
and lower numbers? 
Absolutely not and I've studied 

615
00:35:32,800 --> 00:35:36,200
this exhaustively. 
I've run several empirical 

616
00:35:36,200 --> 00:35:40,000
models to try to find some 
pattern any pattern that 

617
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:42,900
statistically significant that 
shows an association, In between

618
00:35:42,900 --> 00:35:45,700
the stringency of 
countermeasures mask, mandate 

619
00:35:45,700 --> 00:35:48,200
school closures, business 
closures, walk towns. 

620
00:35:48,700 --> 00:35:52,100
You name it. 
And better performance. 

621
00:35:52,100 --> 00:35:55,300
During covid-19. 
It simply, isn't there. 

622
00:35:55,300 --> 00:35:57,900
You cannot find a statistically 
significant result. 

623
00:35:58,400 --> 00:36:02,600
What you do find is that several
of the harshest walk down States

624
00:36:02,600 --> 00:36:05,800
especially in the northeast or 
the ones that were hardest hit 

625
00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:08,800
in the first way. 
What you do find is clear 

626
00:36:08,800 --> 00:36:12,000
evidence that they follow these 
walk down models such as the 

627
00:36:12,500 --> 00:36:16,400
College approach and they tried 
to implement everything that 

628
00:36:16,400 --> 00:36:19,300
Imperial College said to do 
close your school's closure 

629
00:36:19,300 --> 00:36:21,200
businesses. 
Tell everyone to stay home for 

630
00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:23,000
months. 
On end prohibit. 

631
00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:25,700
People from going out in public,
the California. 

632
00:36:25,700 --> 00:36:27,800
They were arresting 
paddleboarders and people that 

633
00:36:27,800 --> 00:36:30,200
were just like walking on the 
beach at night. 

634
00:36:30,300 --> 00:36:35,000
During lockdowns, Newark New 
Jersey had very heavy arrest 

635
00:36:35,000 --> 00:36:37,300
patterns. 
Especially in, like, minority 

636
00:36:37,300 --> 00:36:40,500
neighborhoods people that were 
not social distancing and we're 

637
00:36:40,500 --> 00:36:43,700
going outside. 
So, all these policies that were

638
00:36:43,700 --> 00:36:47,200
enacted in very heavy-handed 
Draconian ways occurred 

639
00:36:47,200 --> 00:36:51,600
simultaneously to an outbreak in
the nursing homes, especially in

640
00:36:51,600 --> 00:36:55,100
the Northeast, that was 
absolutely catastrophic. 

641
00:36:55,600 --> 00:36:58,700
By the end of the first year of 
the pandemic, I ran some numbers

642
00:36:58,700 --> 00:37:00,900
and estimated than some of the 
states in the Northeast 

643
00:37:00,900 --> 00:37:05,400
one-in-eight nursing home 
residents prior to covid-19 

644
00:37:05,400 --> 00:37:08,800
passed away. 
During that first year, just 

645
00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:12,000
died of covid-19. 
Those are catastrophic numbers. 

646
00:37:12,500 --> 00:37:13,600
Well, you start asking the 
question. 

647
00:37:13,600 --> 00:37:16,500
What's the reason why a nursing 
home outbreaks were so bad? 

648
00:37:16,900 --> 00:37:20,500
Well, they adopted a policy. 
That was premise Toronto. 

649
00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:23,700
Epidemiology modeling in 
hospitals. 

650
00:37:23,900 --> 00:37:27,100
They thought that hospitals were
going to be overwhelmed by covid

651
00:37:27,100 --> 00:37:29,300
cases. 
And therefore, they'd run out of

652
00:37:29,300 --> 00:37:32,200
bed space, they've run out of 
rooms, run out of doctors and 

653
00:37:32,200 --> 00:37:36,000
nurses, and then Public Health 
catastrophe happens. 

654
00:37:36,200 --> 00:37:37,900
So what did they do? 
Well, they follow the, the 

655
00:37:37,908 --> 00:37:43,000
Governor Cuomo plan in New York 
state Cuomo decided in Ordered 

656
00:37:43,600 --> 00:37:46,700
that hospital beds needed to 
preserve be preserved and kept 

657
00:37:46,700 --> 00:37:49,400
open as much as possible. 
In one of his ways of doing. 

658
00:37:49,400 --> 00:37:56,700
This was to quickly discharge 
covid, Patients Out, basically 

659
00:37:56,700 --> 00:38:00,400
move covid, Patients Out of the 
hospitals, in into other 

660
00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:05,200
facilities to convalesce. 
So, as soon as they had been 

661
00:38:05,200 --> 00:38:08,000
stabilized, let's get them out 
of the hospitals and free up the

662
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:10,900
beds for this coming wave of 
covid patients that never quite 

663
00:38:10,900 --> 00:38:13,400
arrived. 
Well, what did he do? 

664
00:38:13,400 --> 00:38:16,300
He said that the convalescent 
facilities need to include 

665
00:38:16,300 --> 00:38:19,000
nursing homes. 
So he passed an order that 

666
00:38:19,000 --> 00:38:24,200
forced nursing homes to readmit 
covid, positive patients, that 

667
00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:28,900
were still on the recovery. 
You put elderly covid carriers 

668
00:38:28,900 --> 00:38:32,900
into nursing homes and these are
closed to Silla teas, and 

669
00:38:32,900 --> 00:38:35,100
suddenly covid is spread to the 
staff. 

670
00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:37,400
Suddenly it's spreading to the 
ventilation systems. 

671
00:38:37,400 --> 00:38:40,200
And next thing, you know, the 
entire nursing home has come 

672
00:38:40,200 --> 00:38:43,000
down with the Copa del break. 
Our single most, Most vulnerable

673
00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:47,500
population, all because he tried
to centrally plan convalescent 

674
00:38:47,500 --> 00:38:50,500
facilities by using nursing 
homes, as the Overflow. 

675
00:38:51,300 --> 00:38:54,300
So, what we have is a queer 
demonstration, not only that 

676
00:38:54,300 --> 00:38:56,700
lockdowns did not work. 
We cannot find any empirical 

677
00:38:56,700 --> 00:39:00,300
evidence so that we do know 
empirically that they made the 

678
00:39:00,300 --> 00:39:03,100
nursing home situation 
significantly worse than it 

679
00:39:03,100 --> 00:39:04,800
would have been. 
Had they simply done nothing. 

680
00:39:06,300 --> 00:39:11,000
One of one more thing about the 
masks, I remember in probably 

681
00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:16,000
March of 2020, my friends and I 
went to our favorite place in 

682
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:20,500
downtown Chandler and they said 
hey guys, we do require masks 

683
00:39:20,900 --> 00:39:24,300
and I looked around, I saw 
everyone sitting down I go even 

684
00:39:24,300 --> 00:39:27,400
though no one's wearing them 
they go you just have to wear 

685
00:39:27,400 --> 00:39:31,800
them to your table and I go. 
Well this is we have to wear 

686
00:39:31,800 --> 00:39:34,300
them to walk to that seat that I
could see over there. 

687
00:39:34,400 --> 00:39:37,100
And we're going to sit It there 
for four hours as we have every 

688
00:39:37,100 --> 00:39:40,100
weekend for the last. 
I don't know to two or three 

689
00:39:40,100 --> 00:39:43,300
years and this was the policy. 
So I said, well, that's crazy. 

690
00:39:43,800 --> 00:39:47,900
A lot of places in Arizona were 
doing that on the orders of 

691
00:39:47,900 --> 00:39:51,600
Governor Doug, Ducey. 
They even did it in New York 

692
00:39:51,600 --> 00:39:54,300
when I went there and it was 
just unbelievable. 

693
00:39:54,300 --> 00:40:01,300
So if I wear a cloth mask, am I 
less likely just as likely more 

694
00:40:01,300 --> 00:40:05,500
likely to contract covid-19, 
then if I had not won, At all. 

695
00:40:06,100 --> 00:40:09,800
Well, that's the absurdity that 
we found through this entire 

696
00:40:09,800 --> 00:40:14,600
charade of the past two years as
prior to covid-19, the medical 

697
00:40:14,600 --> 00:40:18,000
literature on masking was 
extremely ambiguous. 

698
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:20,300
And that's a nice way of saying 
that they had not found. 

699
00:40:20,300 --> 00:40:24,600
Clear, statistically significant
results that masks achieve, what

700
00:40:24,600 --> 00:40:26,900
they promised to achieve. 
In fact, the Niall Ferguson 

701
00:40:26,900 --> 00:40:29,700
model out of Imperial College 
the paper, it was based on. 

702
00:40:29,700 --> 00:40:32,600
If you read the second to last 
paragraph of the paper, it says 

703
00:40:32,600 --> 00:40:37,700
we don't include masking in our 
our model because we don't have 

704
00:40:37,700 --> 00:40:40,000
enough data or evidence to 
assume. 

705
00:40:40,000 --> 00:40:43,900
Either way that this works, that
was the state of the academic 

706
00:40:43,900 --> 00:40:46,500
literature. 
Before covid-19 will covid came 

707
00:40:46,500 --> 00:40:49,000
along and all of a sudden it 
became politically fashionable. 

708
00:40:49,000 --> 00:40:51,700
The claim that masks work. 
So they started putting out all 

709
00:40:51,700 --> 00:40:54,700
these junk studies badly 
designed. 

710
00:40:54,700 --> 00:40:58,100
Some of them are survey 
instrument, some of them were 

711
00:40:58,100 --> 00:41:03,700
purported models that used 
incorrect data like the IH Ami 

712
00:41:03,700 --> 00:41:09,400
model Came out of the University
of Washington was claiming that 

713
00:41:09,400 --> 00:41:12,800
masks would save tens of 
thousands of lives. 

714
00:41:12,900 --> 00:41:15,900
And it turned out that their 
formulas in the model where were

715
00:41:15,900 --> 00:41:20,700
premised on months old mask 
usage rates so they were using 

716
00:41:20,700 --> 00:41:22,300
numbers from the beginning of 
the pandemic. 

717
00:41:22,400 --> 00:41:25,600
When nobody was wearing a mask 
to make projections in like 

718
00:41:25,600 --> 00:41:31,300
October November of 2020, at 
which point the masking rights 

719
00:41:31,300 --> 00:41:33,200
in the public, we're about 90 
percent. 

720
00:41:33,900 --> 00:41:36,500
So, there were claiming And that
there were all these gains to be

721
00:41:36,500 --> 00:41:39,600
had by adopting mask policies 
that people were already using. 

722
00:41:39,600 --> 00:41:41,700
It just turned out that those 
policies didn't work. 

723
00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:46,100
They didn't deliver on anything.
That was clearly claimed them, 

724
00:41:46,300 --> 00:41:48,700
but they did become a very 
powerful political signal. 

725
00:41:49,300 --> 00:41:52,200
It became a way to Virtue signal
as you walk around in public, by

726
00:41:52,200 --> 00:41:58,200
wearing a mask by dressing up in
these rituals, and even more. 

727
00:41:58,200 --> 00:42:02,300
So by screaming at people who 
were violating the rituals, you 

728
00:42:02,300 --> 00:42:07,900
know, we all saw the Like 
driving along the road in a 

729
00:42:07,900 --> 00:42:11,400
private car windows up and 
everything single driver and 

730
00:42:11,400 --> 00:42:13,100
they're wearing a mask. 
And you're asking the question, 

731
00:42:13,500 --> 00:42:16,600
what's the purpose of this? 
It's pseudoscience. 

732
00:42:16,600 --> 00:42:23,100
It is purely a ritualistic 
behavior designed to signal 

733
00:42:23,100 --> 00:42:24,900
that. 
Hey, I am complying with 

734
00:42:24,900 --> 00:42:28,000
covid-19. 
I'm a good follower of dr. 

735
00:42:28,000 --> 00:42:32,400
Fauci and and your lesser than 
me because you're not doing this

736
00:42:32,400 --> 00:42:36,200
type of ritual. 
Since What we ended up doing, 

737
00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:39,400
unfortunately is because there 
was a mad rush to vindicate. 

738
00:42:39,400 --> 00:42:45,900
The science of masks. 
It created a over perception of 

739
00:42:45,900 --> 00:42:49,300
their effectiveness in the 
general public, the media line 

740
00:42:49,300 --> 00:42:52,500
became that masks work and what 
happens when people put their 

741
00:42:52,500 --> 00:42:56,300
faith in masks and then start 
taking riskier behaviors 

742
00:42:56,500 --> 00:42:59,500
thinking that the mask is going 
to help them and save them. 

743
00:43:00,300 --> 00:43:02,100
When it turns out, it's just 
this little flimsy piece of 

744
00:43:02,107 --> 00:43:05,700
cloth or tissue paper, or 
whatever, they're made of And 

745
00:43:05,700 --> 00:43:08,200
people are going out in public 
and the master really aren't 

746
00:43:08,200 --> 00:43:12,000
delivering anything other than 
maybe in some very, very narrow 

747
00:43:12,000 --> 00:43:14,000
situations. 
Like there's a reason that we 

748
00:43:14,000 --> 00:43:17,000
wear masks and doctors offices 
and that's basically because the

749
00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:21,100
doctor and the nurse the medical
facility Personnel. 

750
00:43:21,200 --> 00:43:24,500
They do not want to contaminate 
their patients with their own, 

751
00:43:24,500 --> 00:43:27,000
exhale breath, and droplets that
come from that. 

752
00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:30,500
That's why they wear masks. 
It's a practice during surgery, 

753
00:43:30,800 --> 00:43:34,400
but in the general public that's
never been demonstrated and the 

754
00:43:34,600 --> 00:43:36,100
stud. 
He's I've read several of them 

755
00:43:36,100 --> 00:43:39,600
work through their methodology 
and I'll just say this, it's 

756
00:43:39,600 --> 00:43:43,000
extremely flimsy. 
It's extremely dependent upon 

757
00:43:43,000 --> 00:43:47,800
assumptions that were made prior
to the studies design and 

758
00:43:47,800 --> 00:43:51,200
execution that basically pre 
assume the effectiveness of 

759
00:43:51,200 --> 00:43:55,300
masks and then report to 
validate their own results now. 

760
00:43:55,500 --> 00:43:59,100
And it's a two-year cost of not 
being able to see other people's

761
00:43:59,100 --> 00:44:01,900
facial expressions. 
Imagine your favorite TV show, 

762
00:44:02,100 --> 00:44:04,900
everyone's wearing masks masks, 
you can girly girl. 

763
00:44:05,100 --> 00:44:07,700
Person. 
But you know what? 

764
00:44:07,700 --> 00:44:10,900
At least they just seem safe. 
SNL is the best. 

765
00:44:10,900 --> 00:44:13,300
You know, they don't wear masks 
throughout the whole show until 

766
00:44:13,300 --> 00:44:17,400
the very end when they say we 
promised and and then they they 

767
00:44:17,400 --> 00:44:21,700
all look at come out in it. 
If I get the vaccine, I'm less 

768
00:44:21,700 --> 00:44:23,600
likely to get covid-19 true or 
false. 

769
00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:27,900
I'd say generally true to an 
extent because it's been very 

770
00:44:27,900 --> 00:44:30,000
dependent on the specific 
variants. 

771
00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:33,600
I'm not an immunologist, I'm not
a vaccine scientist, I don't 

772
00:44:33,600 --> 00:44:37,300
know. 
The the isms underlying it but 

773
00:44:37,300 --> 00:44:40,600
the everything that I've seen is
that the initial variants. 

774
00:44:40,600 --> 00:44:43,800
They were designed to combat the
ended up being relatively 

775
00:44:43,800 --> 00:44:47,700
effective against what happens. 
Is this is a disease just like 

776
00:44:47,700 --> 00:44:49,700
any other coronavirus it 
mutates. 

777
00:44:49,700 --> 00:44:55,700
So what you find out is that the
vaccine itself is not a 

778
00:44:55,700 --> 00:44:58,800
preventative against the 
mutants, it's not a present 

779
00:44:58,800 --> 00:45:01,700
preventive of these other 
variants and we've learned that 

780
00:45:01,707 --> 00:45:04,800
in real time that people that 
have been vaccinated. 

781
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:08,400
Did have gotten covid of a 
different variant, six months 

782
00:45:08,400 --> 00:45:10,900
later or three months later or 
maybe a year later. 

783
00:45:11,900 --> 00:45:14,600
But that's the nature of this 
particular, type of virus from 

784
00:45:14,600 --> 00:45:16,800
everything that I've heard, and 
read in the medical literature, 

785
00:45:17,600 --> 00:45:22,600
I do generally think that the 
vaccines were a good 

786
00:45:22,600 --> 00:45:26,800
technological, innovation to 
have in the sense that they do 

787
00:45:26,800 --> 00:45:30,700
seem to have reduce the severity
of the disease, especially among

788
00:45:30,700 --> 00:45:32,600
the elderly, the most 
vulnerable. 

789
00:45:33,300 --> 00:45:35,500
At the same time, the way that 
the government Controlled the 

790
00:45:35,500 --> 00:45:43,500
Melt was catastrophically, brain
did in the way that it it plans,

791
00:45:43,500 --> 00:45:46,700
its economics of, it's a 
understood public perception of 

792
00:45:46,700 --> 00:45:48,900
it. 
And this goes, even back before 

793
00:45:48,900 --> 00:45:51,700
they started mandating it when 
they did the initial roll out. 

794
00:45:51,700 --> 00:45:55,000
If you remember there was a 
moment, I think it was around 

795
00:45:55,000 --> 00:45:59,900
March or April of 2021. 
When just as they are opening up

796
00:45:59,900 --> 00:46:04,800
eligibility to non-essential 
workers to non-elderly tune on 

797
00:46:04,800 --> 00:46:06,900
Bo. 
Herbal people, the government 

798
00:46:06,900 --> 00:46:12,000
briefly suspended the Johnson 
and Johnson vaccine and what it 

799
00:46:12,000 --> 00:46:19,000
did is it put vaccine access on 
the shelf for almost a month as 

800
00:46:19,200 --> 00:46:22,800
and they were investigating some
medical side effects. 

801
00:46:22,800 --> 00:46:25,800
And yes, there are side effects 
for from almost any type of 

802
00:46:25,800 --> 00:46:29,000
vaccine for any disease. 
But it's always like a personal 

803
00:46:29,000 --> 00:46:31,800
risk assessment. 
You want to take, but you can't 

804
00:46:31,800 --> 00:46:36,600
race almost to the moment that 
fauci and the The CDC and FDA 

805
00:46:36,600 --> 00:46:38,400
announced that they were 
suspending, the Johnson, and 

806
00:46:38,400 --> 00:46:40,900
Johnson vaccine. 
That's when vaccine uptake, in 

807
00:46:40,900 --> 00:46:46,000
the United States started to 
plummet almost overnight, then 

808
00:46:46,000 --> 00:46:48,900
they start mandating it and 
mandating it in ways that are 

809
00:46:48,900 --> 00:46:52,400
not particularly constructive, 
mandating boosters, mandating 

810
00:46:52,600 --> 00:46:56,800
vaccination, among people that 
are in the lowest vulnerability 

811
00:46:56,800 --> 00:47:01,000
groups. 
IE young people all because it 

812
00:47:01,000 --> 00:47:04,000
becomes a mechanism for power 
rather than actually fighting 

813
00:47:04,000 --> 00:47:06,000
the disease. 
There are paying attention to 

814
00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:10,100
what's being delivered through 
the vaccine itself which should 

815
00:47:10,100 --> 00:47:14,400
be a tool to help people survive
the disease to help improve 

816
00:47:14,400 --> 00:47:19,500
their chances of having a very 
mild case of covid-19 if they 

817
00:47:19,500 --> 00:47:22,000
encounter, whether it's the 
current variant or a future 

818
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:24,000
variant and the vaccines do seem
to do that. 

819
00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:27,000
But the way that they took, it 
was like this top-down 

820
00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:30,300
centralized command and control 
and in at all, they ended up 

821
00:47:30,300 --> 00:47:33,200
doing was undermining The 
public's trust and confidence in

822
00:47:33,200 --> 00:47:36,100
vaccines. 
And rolling it out in the most 

823
00:47:36,100 --> 00:47:38,400
slipshod, haphazard way 
imaginable. 

824
00:47:38,700 --> 00:47:41,500
Just a central planners always 
do and hence, we are in the 

825
00:47:41,508 --> 00:47:46,300
situation that we are in. 
So do you think that fauci was 

826
00:47:46,300 --> 00:47:48,900
telling the truth when he was on
60 Minutes? 

827
00:47:49,100 --> 00:47:52,700
And he said, people should not 
be wearing masks, it might block

828
00:47:52,700 --> 00:47:55,200
a little droplet but other than 
that it's no reaction. 

829
00:47:55,300 --> 00:47:59,200
Is that actually him telling the
reality of what people should 

830
00:47:59,200 --> 00:48:01,100
have been doing at the time. 
And I'll be blunt. 

831
00:48:01,100 --> 00:48:03,200
I think falchi just makes it up 
as he goes. 

832
00:48:03,300 --> 00:48:07,900
Yeah I think falchi is Is is 
basically a fraud as it comes to

833
00:48:08,000 --> 00:48:10,700
scientific knowledge. 
I mean at one point he trained 

834
00:48:10,700 --> 00:48:16,300
in allergies and disease science
and he probably made medical 

835
00:48:16,300 --> 00:48:19,400
contributions at some point in 
his career, but he became a 

836
00:48:19,408 --> 00:48:21,500
bureaucrat, he became a 
government bureaucrat. 

837
00:48:21,500 --> 00:48:23,600
And I've seen direct evidence 
that this and the Freedom of 

838
00:48:23,600 --> 00:48:28,800
Information Act files that have 
gotten falchi is best understood

839
00:48:29,100 --> 00:48:34,300
as a public health official, who
reads the cues from the media 

840
00:48:34,900 --> 00:48:38,500
Including what the media wants, 
to be argued summarizes them and

841
00:48:38,500 --> 00:48:41,200
has has AIDS summarize them in 
bullet points and then he 

842
00:48:41,200 --> 00:48:44,400
repeats them back to the same 
media and they use that as 

843
00:48:44,400 --> 00:48:47,100
validation of their already 
existing point. 

844
00:48:47,100 --> 00:48:49,400
This is what happened in the 
lockdown science and in the 

845
00:48:49,400 --> 00:48:51,500
aftermath of the Great 
Barrington declaration. 

846
00:48:52,000 --> 00:48:54,800
We found that, as soon as the 
Declaration went out fauci and 

847
00:48:54,800 --> 00:48:58,100
the other NIH officials had an 
email chain for the revision. 

848
00:48:58,200 --> 00:49:00,500
Basically saying, what are we 
going to do is our response to 

849
00:49:00,500 --> 00:49:03,600
this because it's challenging, 
lockdown science. 

850
00:49:04,100 --> 00:49:06,300
And Just call and sent out this 
directive. 

851
00:49:06,300 --> 00:49:11,300
It says, we need to take down 
these Fringe epidemiologist and,

852
00:49:11,400 --> 00:49:14,100
and discredit them. 
All the very first responses 

853
00:49:14,100 --> 00:49:17,100
that come from falchi. 
He is cutting and pasting 

854
00:49:17,200 --> 00:49:21,900
articles from the nation 
Magazine from Wired Magazine, in

855
00:49:21,900 --> 00:49:26,000
PR all these media, Outlets that
are extolling, the virtues of 

856
00:49:26,000 --> 00:49:28,900
lockdowns, and sending it to a 
staff and say, oh, I put these 

857
00:49:28,900 --> 00:49:31,200
into bullet points, they give 
him the bullet points, and he 

858
00:49:31,200 --> 00:49:33,300
reads the media's Articles back 
to them. 

859
00:49:34,100 --> 00:49:35,500
And they say well, look, see, 
dr. 

860
00:49:35,500 --> 00:49:38,200
Fauci affirmed us. 
That's not science. 

861
00:49:38,200 --> 00:49:41,400
That's a circular Echo chamber 
and I think that's been his 

862
00:49:41,400 --> 00:49:45,700
entire approach to the pandemic 
since day one were their final 

863
00:49:45,700 --> 00:49:48,800
covid? 
Question, were there any studies

864
00:49:48,800 --> 00:49:55,500
from Pfizer or moderna or the 
CDC that said people X number of

865
00:49:55,500 --> 00:49:56,900
people are not getting 
vaccinated. 

866
00:49:56,900 --> 00:50:01,300
X number of people will die, as 
a result of not getting 

867
00:50:01,300 --> 00:50:03,500
vaccinated. 
Is there something we can put 

868
00:50:04,200 --> 00:50:06,600
The test because the White House
literally said for the 

869
00:50:06,600 --> 00:50:10,900
unvaccinated year looking 
forward to a winter of death and

870
00:50:10,900 --> 00:50:13,300
something. 
Yeah yeah yeah something like 

871
00:50:13,300 --> 00:50:16,700
that. 
And I just I'm not seeing it but

872
00:50:16,700 --> 00:50:19,400
then again maybe I'm not. 
I feel like it would be being 

873
00:50:19,400 --> 00:50:22,300
reported by like all the CNN's 
of the world. 

874
00:50:22,400 --> 00:50:26,900
And if if that were happening, 
how can we now test whether or 

875
00:50:26,900 --> 00:50:29,900
not all those people should have
been mandated to get the shot or

876
00:50:29,908 --> 00:50:31,900
not? 
Well, I think It ultimately 

877
00:50:31,900 --> 00:50:33,400
comes down to a personal 
decision. 

878
00:50:33,400 --> 00:50:35,800
I mean, You know, your own 
health circumstances better than

879
00:50:35,800 --> 00:50:40,400
anyone else I haven't again. 
I'm not a virologist, I'm not an

880
00:50:40,400 --> 00:50:44,700
immunologist, I don't study that
aspect of medical Sciences. 

881
00:50:44,700 --> 00:50:47,800
I study Health economics, quite 
a bit and I just out of 

882
00:50:47,808 --> 00:50:50,900
necessity and I study the 
policies to implement these 

883
00:50:50,900 --> 00:50:52,600
things. 
And I think what's where the 

884
00:50:52,600 --> 00:50:56,300
vaccine issue is gone? 
Awry is the policy decisions. 

885
00:50:56,300 --> 00:50:58,300
Not the science itself behind 
it. 

886
00:50:59,400 --> 00:51:03,300
The policy decisions are 
basically misrepresented to the 

887
00:51:04,000 --> 00:51:08,700
What what is at stake here? 
They oversold the long-term 

888
00:51:08,700 --> 00:51:12,600
preventive effect of the 
vaccines and they oversold the 

889
00:51:12,600 --> 00:51:15,900
benefits of the mandates in the 
ability to execute on a mandate.

890
00:51:16,700 --> 00:51:20,200
And that just created just a 
classic Central planning problem

891
00:51:20,700 --> 00:51:23,500
with all the public Choice 
attributes that come into play 

892
00:51:23,700 --> 00:51:28,700
with all of the in competencies 
that we know of bureaucracy, I 

893
00:51:28,700 --> 00:51:32,000
guess another way of saying it 
would be, I know more trust the 

894
00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:33,600
government to plan its way 
through it. 

895
00:51:33,700 --> 00:51:37,000
Pandemic that I would trust it 
to plan its way through an 

896
00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:41,400
economic recession. 
Our data from the CDC today. 

897
00:51:41,400 --> 00:51:45,700
Suggest, you know that 
vaccinated people do not carry 

898
00:51:45,700 --> 00:51:49,700
the virus, don't get sick and 
that it's not just in the 

899
00:51:49,700 --> 00:51:52,400
clinical trials, but it's also 
in real-world data. 

900
00:51:53,800 --> 00:51:57,300
You wrote a book with Jason 
Brennan titled cracks in the 

901
00:51:57,300 --> 00:51:59,900
Ivory Tower. 
What is your thesis and that 

902
00:51:59,900 --> 00:52:02,400
book bill? 
So the gist of cracks in the 

903
00:52:02,400 --> 00:52:06,600
Ivory Tower is looking at the 
institutions of Academia 

904
00:52:06,900 --> 00:52:09,900
institutions of higher 
education, Ed from a public 

905
00:52:09,900 --> 00:52:13,100
Choice perspective and asking 
what are the incentive 

906
00:52:13,100 --> 00:52:17,400
structures that yield many of 
the problems we see with higher 

907
00:52:17,400 --> 00:52:19,100
ed. 
If you read the higher ed press,

908
00:52:19,100 --> 00:52:21,600
we know that the problems of 
bound, there are too many PhD 

909
00:52:21,600 --> 00:52:24,500
Seekers for too. 
Few jobs. 

910
00:52:24,500 --> 00:52:28,200
For example, we know that 
universities are a very 

911
00:52:28,200 --> 00:52:31,300
inefficient way of delivering 
knowledge to students. 

912
00:52:31,300 --> 00:52:34,700
We know that students don't 
retain most of what they learned

913
00:52:34,700 --> 00:52:36,900
in the classroom. 
We know that cheating is 

914
00:52:36,900 --> 00:52:41,200
rampant. 
All that degrees or soul, but 

915
00:52:41,200 --> 00:52:43,700
all these vague platitudes and 
like how you're going to improve

916
00:52:43,700 --> 00:52:49,800
yourself and get this career and
ideas and critical thinking that

917
00:52:49,900 --> 00:52:53,400
yields great riches and 
intellectual rewards. 

918
00:52:53,700 --> 00:52:55,700
And instead what students are 
doing is they're graduating with

919
00:52:55,700 --> 00:52:59,200
the giant pile of debt and very 
little, in the way of economic 

920
00:52:59,200 --> 00:53:05,900
prospects, we know that internal
to the university system that 

921
00:53:06,200 --> 00:53:08,200
fraud is actually not only 
tolerated. 

922
00:53:08,400 --> 00:53:11,800
Sometimes it's celebrated and 
rewarded in academic works. 

923
00:53:11,800 --> 00:53:15,000
So we're asking the question. 
Why are these things the case? 

924
00:53:15,000 --> 00:53:17,000
Why are these problems existed 
in real? 

925
00:53:17,000 --> 00:53:21,500
What turns up, the conventional 
answers are all in a category. 

926
00:53:21,500 --> 00:53:25,500
We refer to as kind of like the 
conspiracy theory versions who 

927
00:53:25,500 --> 00:53:28,900
are some cases. 
We call them the Poltergeist 

928
00:53:28,900 --> 00:53:33,500
theories of how higher ed works 
and these are things like, well,

929
00:53:33,500 --> 00:53:37,900
higher ed yields immoral and 
problematic. 

930
00:53:37,900 --> 00:53:41,600
And Economically inefficient 
results in institutional 

931
00:53:41,600 --> 00:53:44,600
dysfunction because it's been 
corporatized or it's been taken 

932
00:53:44,600 --> 00:53:47,700
over by neoliberalism. 
Ask the question. 

933
00:53:47,700 --> 00:53:51,600
Well, where are all these 
neoliberals that are supposedly 

934
00:53:51,800 --> 00:53:54,700
running the universities and 
what you get is an answer this 

935
00:53:54,700 --> 00:53:56,500
real similar to the South Park 
episode. 

936
00:53:56,500 --> 00:54:00,700
The underwear domes Underpants 
Gnomes, this is a famous episode

937
00:54:00,700 --> 00:54:02,100
or the Underpants Gnomes come 
along. 

938
00:54:02,200 --> 00:54:04,700
They claim they're going just 
sees the Underpants. 

939
00:54:04,900 --> 00:54:07,800
Then there's a big question mark
in the middle and then the end 

940
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:12,300
says Prophet I say the same 
thing is going on in these 

941
00:54:12,300 --> 00:54:14,400
theories of higher ed. 
It's like higher ed is 

942
00:54:14,400 --> 00:54:16,600
corporatized big question mark 
and mental. 

943
00:54:18,200 --> 00:54:20,900
Neoliberal profit, is the 
explanation for all the 

944
00:54:20,900 --> 00:54:23,300
problems? 
The evidence just isn't there. 

945
00:54:23,600 --> 00:54:27,600
What Jason and I do in the book 
is we ask what are the real 

946
00:54:27,600 --> 00:54:30,400
institutional incentives that 
cause some of these problems to 

947
00:54:30,400 --> 00:54:35,400
emerge and the answer turns out 
to be that human beings rational

948
00:54:35,400 --> 00:54:37,900
self acting self-interested 
human beings. 

949
00:54:38,500 --> 00:54:42,500
Do in fact respond to good and 
bad incentive structures. 

950
00:54:43,400 --> 00:54:47,700
And if the incentives of higher 
ed are to hire as many people in

951
00:54:47,700 --> 00:54:50,500
your department, whether or not 
students want to take your 

952
00:54:50,500 --> 00:54:54,200
classes and that's what you're 
going to do at the incentives of

953
00:54:54,200 --> 00:54:57,200
higher ed, or to expand the 
administrative bureaucracy. 

954
00:54:57,400 --> 00:55:01,200
Even if it means jacking up 
tuition on students and asking 

955
00:55:01,200 --> 00:55:05,300
them to pay for these do nothing
functionary jobs that just 

956
00:55:05,300 --> 00:55:07,600
basically absorb resources and 
bloat. 

957
00:55:08,300 --> 00:55:09,600
That's what higher education to 
do. 

958
00:55:10,700 --> 00:55:14,300
I said too bad institutional 
designs that basically turn 

959
00:55:14,300 --> 00:55:18,200
higher ed into a very 
large-scale government 

960
00:55:18,200 --> 00:55:21,600
bureaucracy and we go through 
step-by-step and the area of the

961
00:55:21,600 --> 00:55:24,500
University by Yuri the 
university and identify these 

962
00:55:24,500 --> 00:55:26,900
bad institutional designs. 
And it turns out if you 

963
00:55:26,900 --> 00:55:28,900
empirically investigate them, 
guess what? 

964
00:55:28,900 --> 00:55:30,800
They explain most of the 
problems. 

965
00:55:32,500 --> 00:55:36,600
Who was Lysander Spooner and 
what can he teach us about money

966
00:55:36,600 --> 00:55:39,800
and currency? 
So I see other Spooner is 

967
00:55:39,900 --> 00:55:44,200
probably one of my favorite 
abolitionists, he is a 19th 

968
00:55:44,200 --> 00:55:46,300
century. 
Classical liberal Proto 

969
00:55:46,300 --> 00:55:51,400
libertarian thinker comes out of
Massachusetts, he's very active 

970
00:55:51,400 --> 00:55:54,900
on the New England scene, he 
trains as an attorney, the 

971
00:55:54,908 --> 00:55:58,200
apprentices as an attorney, but 
he's a natural rights and 

972
00:55:58,200 --> 00:56:01,800
natural law theorists attorney. 
And basically asked question, 

973
00:56:02,700 --> 00:56:04,900
Why do all these institutions 
exist? 

974
00:56:04,900 --> 00:56:09,300
That commits Injustice. 
He's under the name of the law 

975
00:56:09,900 --> 00:56:14,500
and says, well consistent with 
the natural law unjust actions, 

976
00:56:14,500 --> 00:56:19,700
by the government are 
violations, violations of right.

977
00:56:20,300 --> 00:56:21,700
In fact, they are self 
discrediting. 

978
00:56:21,700 --> 00:56:23,900
He basically takes the walkie 
and principles of the 

979
00:56:23,900 --> 00:56:28,600
Declaration of Independence to 
their radical logical 

980
00:56:29,300 --> 00:56:32,600
philosophical end. 
And basically, Is that if the 

981
00:56:32,600 --> 00:56:37,200
government is doing something 
unjust, it's violated its own 

982
00:56:38,100 --> 00:56:40,500
basic premise, of existence, 
it's violated. 

983
00:56:40,500 --> 00:56:45,500
Its own notion of a an entity 
that exists uphold and protect 

984
00:56:45,500 --> 00:56:48,100
rights. 
So the foremost example of this 

985
00:56:48,100 --> 00:56:52,000
that he sees is slavery, so he 
starts in the abolition movement

986
00:56:52,100 --> 00:56:54,800
and as an abolitionist, I mean 
this guy is a badass. 

987
00:56:55,100 --> 00:56:59,500
There's no other way to say it. 
So he writes books and pamphlets

988
00:56:59,500 --> 00:57:02,200
argued articulating, a legal 
theory for why? 

989
00:57:02,300 --> 00:57:05,500
Slavery should be deemed 
unconstitutional and that 

990
00:57:05,500 --> 00:57:08,900
includes acknowledging the 
passages of the Constitution 

991
00:57:08,900 --> 00:57:12,200
that seem to sanction slavery. 
And he's basically saying well 

992
00:57:12,700 --> 00:57:16,600
there are a violation of a more 
fundamental layer of Rights. 

993
00:57:17,200 --> 00:57:20,700
Therefore they cannot be 
exercised and operated in this 

994
00:57:20,700 --> 00:57:24,200
pattern and it's a very 
influential legal theory of his 

995
00:57:24,200 --> 00:57:26,300
day. 
He actually makes a convert of 

996
00:57:26,300 --> 00:57:30,200
Frederick Douglass who reads his
book and then gives the famous 

997
00:57:30,200 --> 00:57:34,000
speech on the fourth of July in.
T4, where he declares that the 

998
00:57:34,000 --> 00:57:37,000
constitution properly. 
Understood is a great and 

999
00:57:37,000 --> 00:57:41,400
glorious Liberty document. 
What else does Lysander Spooner?

1000
00:57:41,400 --> 00:57:45,400
Do he becomes famous in New 
England, for offering his Legal 

1001
00:57:45,400 --> 00:57:49,000
Services often free of charge to
fugitive slaves. 

1002
00:57:49,200 --> 00:57:51,800
And to abolitionists that 
harbored a fugitive slaves that 

1003
00:57:51,800 --> 00:57:55,400
helped them escape the South 
because they could be facing 

1004
00:57:55,400 --> 00:57:57,700
prosecution from the federal 
government. 

1005
00:57:57,900 --> 00:58:00,200
There was a famous case in the 
in Boston. 

1006
00:58:00,200 --> 00:58:06,200
Massachusetts, fugitive named 
Any Burns is arrested in Boston 

1007
00:58:06,200 --> 00:58:09,300
which is an abolitionist City at
the time but it's under the 

1008
00:58:09,300 --> 00:58:11,900
Fugitive Slave Act was the 
Federal Government Federal 

1009
00:58:11,900 --> 00:58:15,900
Government, actually deploys 
thousands of troops military 

1010
00:58:15,900 --> 00:58:21,400
troops on the streets of Boston 
to escort Burns to a ship where 

1011
00:58:21,400 --> 00:58:23,500
he's going to be taken back to 
slavery in the South. 

1012
00:58:24,800 --> 00:58:28,300
The abolitionists, watch a plan 
where they're going to Spring 

1013
00:58:28,600 --> 00:58:32,400
burns from his jail cell at the 
federal courthouse and they 

1014
00:58:32,400 --> 00:58:35,400
stage a diversionary 
abolitionist rally at Faneuil 

1015
00:58:35,400 --> 00:58:38,900
Hall across the street. 
From it Faneuil Hall is the 

1016
00:58:38,900 --> 00:58:42,900
famous meeting house where all 
the speeches are made in the 

1017
00:58:42,908 --> 00:58:44,700
American Revolution. 
No taxation without 

1018
00:58:44,700 --> 00:58:47,300
representation. 
So it's steeped in the tradition

1019
00:58:47,300 --> 00:58:50,000
of American Liberty and the 
abolitionists are staging a 

1020
00:58:50,000 --> 00:58:53,300
rally, but it's really a 
diversion for a group of them, 

1021
00:58:53,300 --> 00:58:56,100
sneak out the back and they 
Charge on the courthouse during 

1022
00:58:56,100 --> 00:59:00,200
The Changing of the Guard. 
Unfortunately the plan goes awry

1023
00:59:00,500 --> 00:59:06,700
and shots are fired during the 
mob rush at the courthouse and 

1024
00:59:06,700 --> 00:59:09,700
it causes the abolitionists to 
disperse because now they're 

1025
00:59:09,700 --> 00:59:12,500
going to be accused of murder 
because one of the Federal 

1026
00:59:12,500 --> 00:59:16,700
Marshals is it? 
Well Lysander Spooner was the 

1027
00:59:16,700 --> 00:59:20,300
guy that had a network of 
lawyers ready to help the 

1028
00:59:20,300 --> 00:59:24,400
abolitionists go into hiding. 
And avoid prosecution from the 

1029
00:59:24,400 --> 00:59:27,300
government and to Mount Legal 
defense, and file. 

1030
00:59:27,300 --> 00:59:32,200
All these paperwork for them, he
tried to do the same thing for 

1031
00:59:32,400 --> 00:59:35,700
some of the conspirators that 
were involved in the John Brown.

1032
00:59:35,700 --> 00:59:40,500
Raid on Harpers Ferry, some 
really fascinating guy, quits 

1033
00:59:40,500 --> 00:59:46,700
his tools and his intellect in 
his trade to work for good. 

1034
00:59:47,700 --> 00:59:50,600
The problem is it actually comes
at a personal expense to him. 

1035
00:59:50,600 --> 00:59:54,600
He does he's not a wealthy men. 
He does not get rich by offering

1036
00:59:54,600 --> 00:59:59,500
free legal services to fugitive 
slaves, but that's basically his

1037
00:59:59,500 --> 01:00:03,500
career what he does after the 
Civil War as he starts shifting 

1038
01:00:03,500 --> 01:00:09,200
to other issues in in the 1870s.
He he starts working on monetary

1039
01:00:09,200 --> 01:00:12,100
Theory which is a big issue at 
the time because you know it's 

1040
01:00:12,100 --> 01:00:14,600
the gold standard but it's being
challenged by the silver 

1041
01:00:14,600 --> 01:00:18,300
movement debasement of 
currencies and what a Spooner 

1042
01:00:18,300 --> 01:00:20,400
doing. 
Well, he researches and reads up

1043
01:00:20,400 --> 01:00:23,800
on it and he's one of the early.
Theorists that discovers the 

1044
01:00:23,800 --> 01:00:27,900
Scottish Free banking system 
that had existed half a century 

1045
01:00:27,900 --> 01:00:30,600
earlier in Scotland, Scotland 
was under a different set of 

1046
01:00:30,600 --> 01:00:32,700
rules than the bank of England 
and what it did. 

1047
01:00:32,700 --> 01:00:36,500
Is it set up it allowed 
basically a de facto situation 

1048
01:00:36,600 --> 01:00:40,100
of competitive, private 
currencies to operate in some 

1049
01:00:40,100 --> 01:00:43,800
parts of Scotland and there's 
some regulation on it, but it 

1050
01:00:43,800 --> 01:00:47,100
had a much looser regulatory 
system than England and all of 

1051
01:00:47,100 --> 01:00:51,000
this is eventually quashed in 
the 1840s where the bank of 

1052
01:00:51,000 --> 01:00:55,200
England succeeds in getting 
Parliament to regulate, the 

1053
01:00:55,200 --> 01:00:58,000
Scottish system. 
But scooter goes back and does 

1054
01:00:58,000 --> 01:01:00,100
some research on this. 
And he finds that every time 

1055
01:01:00,100 --> 01:01:03,600
there was a recession or 
depression during the the Free 

1056
01:01:03,600 --> 01:01:06,900
banking error, in Scotland, 
Scotland weathers the crisis, 

1057
01:01:07,100 --> 01:01:11,100
much better than England And he 
attributes this to free market 

1058
01:01:11,100 --> 01:01:15,700
competition and currencies. 
So in 1876, he writes two books,

1059
01:01:16,000 --> 01:01:19,000
basically laying out a free 
banking history of Scotland. 

1060
01:01:19,200 --> 01:01:22,400
And arguing for a thesis of why 
private entities. 

1061
01:01:22,400 --> 01:01:26,200
Any private entity should be 
permitted on the open market to 

1062
01:01:26,200 --> 01:01:28,700
issue a private currency. 
And he basically says with the 

1063
01:01:28,700 --> 01:01:32,600
market competition between them 
decide, which currency currency 

1064
01:01:32,600 --> 01:01:37,400
is saying, which currency 
survive and that in itself will 

1065
01:01:37,400 --> 01:01:41,800
bring robust stability. 
The in ways that the federal 

1066
01:01:41,900 --> 01:01:45,900
banking system has not. 
So it's a free banking argument 

1067
01:01:45,900 --> 01:01:49,700
written in 1876. 
Published in these a relatively 

1068
01:01:49,700 --> 01:01:54,200
obscure, serialized forms of 
books that we thought that were 

1069
01:01:54,200 --> 01:01:58,200
lost after Spooner died, part of
his papers were destroyed in the

1070
01:01:58,200 --> 01:02:00,100
fire around the turn of the 
century. 

1071
01:02:00,300 --> 01:02:04,000
And the Assumption had always 
been that these books have been 

1072
01:02:04,000 --> 01:02:07,700
lost with them. 
Well, I rediscovered them in a 

1073
01:02:07,707 --> 01:02:11,700
couple of archives, the It's in 
pieces and was able to piece 

1074
01:02:11,700 --> 01:02:14,100
back together the entire 
manuscript. 

1075
01:02:14,400 --> 01:02:20,800
And what it is eventually 
amounts to is Spooner presages, 

1076
01:02:20,800 --> 01:02:24,300
F A Hayek theorizing unfree 
banking which comes out a 

1077
01:02:24,308 --> 01:02:29,200
century later in the 1970s and 
Fa Hayek is the priests age 

1078
01:02:29,700 --> 01:02:34,200
theorist to cryptocurrency and 
competitive currencies that we 

1079
01:02:34,200 --> 01:02:37,900
have today that are emerging. 
So I call Lysander Spooner, 

1080
01:02:37,900 --> 01:02:41,700
basically, like the grandfather 
Of Bitcoin initial search. 

1081
01:02:42,700 --> 01:02:46,500
What was your biggest takeaway 
from researching your book? 

1082
01:02:46,500 --> 01:02:52,400
The Best of Karl Marx, biggest 
takeaway from that is probably 

1083
01:02:53,400 --> 01:02:56,600
really fleshing out something 
that I had long suspected and it

1084
01:02:56,600 --> 01:03:01,500
seen many sides from a Karl 
Marx, and that is that Marx 

1085
01:03:01,500 --> 01:03:05,400
himself was a pretty obscure 
figure in his own lifespan. 

1086
01:03:06,700 --> 01:03:10,300
You know, he's treated today is 
like this intellectual giant of 

1087
01:03:10,300 --> 01:03:13,900
the 19th century. 
He's put on par with what he's 

1088
01:03:13,900 --> 01:03:17,700
like the social science 
equivalents of Charles Darwin or

1089
01:03:17,700 --> 01:03:19,900
one of these other major 
thinkers of the mid-nineteenth 

1090
01:03:19,900 --> 01:03:22,600
century Darwin lived at the same
time as marks. 

1091
01:03:22,900 --> 01:03:26,300
But there's a difference here, 
everybody read Darwin Darwin was

1092
01:03:26,300 --> 01:03:30,400
influential in his life span 
other scientists picked up on 

1093
01:03:30,400 --> 01:03:33,500
his research. 
Agenda and worked with it Karl. 

1094
01:03:33,500 --> 01:03:36,000
Marx, was this kind of fringe 
purse. 

1095
01:03:36,200 --> 01:03:39,900
For a weirdo who lived in 
squalor. 

1096
01:03:40,200 --> 01:03:44,600
And wrote These manifestos 
claiming to correct everything 

1097
01:03:44,600 --> 01:03:46,600
that he said, it was wrong about
economics. 

1098
01:03:46,600 --> 01:03:49,800
But the only people that are 
reading them are fellow 

1099
01:03:49,800 --> 01:03:55,500
socialists on the very periphery
of society and it persists this 

1100
01:03:55,500 --> 01:03:59,300
way for another 30 35 years or 
so after marks died. 

1101
01:03:59,300 --> 01:04:04,500
So marks dies in 1883 basically 
is an unknown except for among 

1102
01:04:04,500 --> 01:04:08,400
his internal Circle Apollo 
Where's when economist start to 

1103
01:04:08,400 --> 01:04:11,200
notice marks in the decade after
his death. 

1104
01:04:11,600 --> 01:04:14,600
So, at the first three bottles 
of him, come from Economist in, 

1105
01:04:14,600 --> 01:04:19,300
1884 and 1885. 
And the the main theme of them, 

1106
01:04:19,300 --> 01:04:23,900
is that marks by relying on the 
labor, theory of value was now 

1107
01:04:23,900 --> 01:04:27,500
obsolete because the marginal 
revolution had occurred. 

1108
01:04:27,600 --> 01:04:30,400
We had discovered and solve. 
The problem of value value is 

1109
01:04:30,400 --> 01:04:35,400
not assigned by work performed 
value is of Tsar is, is derived 

1110
01:04:35,500 --> 01:04:39,700
from Active preferences and some
chips objective decisions made 

1111
01:04:39,700 --> 01:04:44,700
on the margin made with reflect 
to the next unit of consumption.

1112
01:04:45,100 --> 01:04:47,900
This is discovered 
simultaneously by a couple of 

1113
01:04:47,900 --> 01:04:52,500
Economist in 1871. 
So, right after Das kapital was 

1114
01:04:52,500 --> 01:04:56,200
published and over the course of
about two decades at sweep to 

1115
01:04:56,200 --> 01:05:01,200
the economic profession by storm
by 1890, the marginal revolution

1116
01:05:01,200 --> 01:05:03,900
has been absorbed into economics
and people are reading this and 

1117
01:05:03,900 --> 01:05:07,000
then they read Marx as they. 
Well, his entire system falls 

1118
01:05:07,000 --> 01:05:10,300
apart because it was premised on
an old way of thinking that's 

1119
01:05:10,300 --> 01:05:13,300
now been debunked. 
So by the turn of the century, 

1120
01:05:13,300 --> 01:05:17,000
the typical Economist response 
to Karl Marx is this guy's 

1121
01:05:17,000 --> 01:05:19,200
obsolete why are we paying 
attention to them? 

1122
01:05:19,600 --> 01:05:24,100
John Maynard Keynes even writes 
that Das capital is an obsolete 

1123
01:05:24,100 --> 01:05:27,200
textbook of no interest to the 
world today. 

1124
01:05:27,600 --> 01:05:30,500
It's from an earlier time. 
It's been discredited. 

1125
01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:35,400
Yet we look today, Karl Marx is 
on the map, he's everywhere in 

1126
01:05:35,400 --> 01:05:37,700
the University's. 
He's one of the most cited 

1127
01:05:37,700 --> 01:05:42,000
figures across the humanities 
and social sciences, arguably 

1128
01:05:42,000 --> 01:05:45,400
the most influential thinker of 
that era and the way that we 

1129
01:05:45,400 --> 01:05:49,200
look at it today. 
So, ask the question, why is 

1130
01:05:49,200 --> 01:05:51,300
this the case? 
And this is where I tease out at

1131
01:05:51,300 --> 01:05:56,000
the very beginning of doing this
compilation, the best Karl Marx 

1132
01:05:56,400 --> 01:05:59,800
and the answer is We'll add a 
mirror linen, put marks on the 

1133
01:05:59,800 --> 01:06:02,600
map. 
He took this obscure theorist of

1134
01:06:02,600 --> 01:06:06,100
socialism, and a very particular
brand of socialism that he 

1135
01:06:06,100 --> 01:06:08,500
adhered to. 
He was a follower of Mars and in

1136
01:06:08,500 --> 01:06:12,100
1917 by staging a coup d'etat in
seizing control of the 

1137
01:06:12,100 --> 01:06:14,100
government of a major world 
power Russia. 

1138
01:06:14,800 --> 01:06:17,600
He was able to take the 
resources of the Russian State 

1139
01:06:17,800 --> 01:06:22,600
and use them to basically, 
propagate and promote, Marxism 

1140
01:06:22,600 --> 01:06:25,000
as a serious intellectual 
Doctrine after. 

1141
01:06:25,000 --> 01:06:28,600
It had already been defeated in 
the economics profession and 

1142
01:06:28,700 --> 01:06:30,800
after a half century of doing 
that, sure. 

1143
01:06:31,100 --> 01:06:33,500
If it took hold and other 
professions to besides 

1144
01:06:33,500 --> 01:06:36,600
economics, other disciplines, 
besides economics, so that 

1145
01:06:36,600 --> 01:06:39,900
Discovery and really teasing 
that out and I've since 

1146
01:06:40,300 --> 01:06:43,500
empirically tested it through 
citation counts and it turns out

1147
01:06:43,500 --> 01:06:46,600
it's absolutely true when inputs
marks on the map. 

1148
01:06:48,100 --> 01:06:51,100
Interesting, implications for 
how we can get the world to find

1149
01:06:51,100 --> 01:06:53,700
out about me sis. 
All right, final question. 

1150
01:06:54,300 --> 01:06:57,900
Many people will say that those 
who Advocate Freedom are 

1151
01:06:57,900 --> 01:07:01,500
forgetting about all the other 
things in life spirituality, 

1152
01:07:01,500 --> 01:07:04,300
having a family doing what's 
best for your nation. 

1153
01:07:04,300 --> 01:07:07,100
Making sure other people have 
equal opportunities. 

1154
01:07:07,300 --> 01:07:10,500
Why is economic freedom? 
Why is freedom in general 

1155
01:07:10,600 --> 01:07:13,700
important? 
Well, so the economic freedom, 

1156
01:07:13,700 --> 01:07:17,400
goes hand-in-hand with the moral
case, moral case for Liberty, 

1157
01:07:18,200 --> 01:07:20,700
This is something that's our 
been articulated in multiple 

1158
01:07:20,700 --> 01:07:22,900
different approaches. 
I'm not going to endorse anyone 

1159
01:07:22,900 --> 01:07:25,400
theorist. 
I mean, Ian, Rand is very famous

1160
01:07:25,400 --> 01:07:28,700
for making a moral case for 
markets, but so was Adam Smith, 

1161
01:07:29,600 --> 01:07:31,600
they come at it at very 
different angles. 

1162
01:07:32,400 --> 01:07:35,100
But the idea here is that there 
are underlying concepts of 

1163
01:07:35,100 --> 01:07:38,200
Rights. 
The idea here, is that there are

1164
01:07:38,700 --> 01:07:42,500
underlying recognition of. 
So, for example, take the case 

1165
01:07:42,500 --> 01:07:48,000
of property rights, I recognize 
and I can Intuit a more Well, 

1166
01:07:48,000 --> 01:07:51,300
wrong in a Smithy and sense by 
observing somebody getting 

1167
01:07:51,300 --> 01:07:54,700
mugged across the street. 
And I into of that in part, 

1168
01:07:54,700 --> 01:07:57,700
because I know that person is 
being deprived of what is 

1169
01:07:57,700 --> 01:08:00,500
rightfully theirs, their 
property at gunpoint or at 

1170
01:08:00,500 --> 01:08:02,800
knifepoint. 
And I would not want that to 

1171
01:08:02,800 --> 01:08:05,900
happen to me, and I can morally 
into it that, that person that's

1172
01:08:05,900 --> 01:08:09,200
being mugged. 
If they saw me in that same 

1173
01:08:09,200 --> 01:08:12,000
situation, I was being mugged. 
They would not want the same 

1174
01:08:12,000 --> 01:08:13,000
thing. 
That's happening them. 

1175
01:08:13,100 --> 01:08:16,000
They happen to me. 
So, there's a reciprocity in 

1176
01:08:16,000 --> 01:08:18,700
moral intuition that occurs 
there, And this is key to 

1177
01:08:18,700 --> 01:08:23,200
smithian moral philosophy as 
well as smithian economics is 

1178
01:08:23,200 --> 01:08:25,200
recognition of this moral 
reciprocity. 

1179
01:08:25,399 --> 01:08:29,500
And what it means is I have an 
intuition to intervene and help 

1180
01:08:29,500 --> 01:08:35,200
that person that's being wronged
to help restore their rights to 

1181
01:08:35,200 --> 01:08:38,600
stop the wrongdoing from 
occurring to any way that I can.

1182
01:08:38,800 --> 01:08:42,000
And that maybe maybe I step in 
and confront the mugger, and 

1183
01:08:42,000 --> 01:08:45,700
they mean that maybe I pull out 
a cell phone and call the police

1184
01:08:45,700 --> 01:08:49,000
or an authority that can come in
and And and stop this crime from

1185
01:08:49,000 --> 01:08:52,000
occurring, but I do that out of 
a moral intuition. 

1186
01:08:52,000 --> 01:08:55,399
That moral intuition is very 
complementary to an economic 

1187
01:08:55,399 --> 01:08:59,399
intuition, that property rights 
should be robust and we could do

1188
01:08:59,399 --> 01:09:03,000
this in all sorts of other 
categories of Liberty subjective

1189
01:09:03,000 --> 01:09:08,300
preferences in and how I choose 
to spend my money also has a 

1190
01:09:08,308 --> 01:09:11,700
moral component to it. 
A recognition of my individual 

1191
01:09:11,700 --> 01:09:15,600
volition comes out of that. 
The valuation of life has a 

1192
01:09:15,600 --> 01:09:19,700
moral component, but it's also, 
Conducive to a good functioning 

1193
01:09:19,800 --> 01:09:23,899
system of economic freedom, 
where we know that rights are 

1194
01:09:23,899 --> 01:09:28,000
going to be respected under a 
systematized drool of law. 

1195
01:09:30,100 --> 01:09:33,100
These things go hand-in-hand 
together. 

1196
01:09:33,600 --> 01:09:37,300
For very specific reasons that 
in order for one to thrive. 

1197
01:09:37,300 --> 01:09:39,200
The other also needs to be 
present there. 

1198
01:09:39,399 --> 01:09:43,100
And what you find is societies 
where you lose a respect for 

1199
01:09:43,100 --> 01:09:44,899
property rights. 
You lose a respect for the rule 

1200
01:09:44,899 --> 01:09:47,700
of law, you lose a respect for 
life itself. 

1201
01:09:47,800 --> 01:09:51,300
And start infringing upon 
individual decisions and telling

1202
01:09:51,300 --> 01:09:53,300
people. 
No, you cannot do this or going 

1203
01:09:53,300 --> 01:09:56,700
to throw you in jail or send you
up to the gulag those are areas 

1204
01:09:56,700 --> 01:09:58,800
where economic freedom 
diminishes as well. 

1205
01:09:59,300 --> 01:10:03,100
And oftentimes it's a it's a 
very complex murky relationship 

1206
01:10:03,700 --> 01:10:05,900
but you can't have one and not 
the other. 

1207
01:10:06,300 --> 01:10:09,500
So there's a symbiosis that I 
would argue is operating between

1208
01:10:09,500 --> 01:10:12,800
the two of them and, you know if
we want to call this virtue 

1209
01:10:12,800 --> 01:10:17,500
libertarianism, I'm not crazy 
about any particular term, but I

1210
01:10:17,500 --> 01:10:20,300
think Is implicit there and it 
goes back to what we were 

1211
01:10:20,300 --> 01:10:22,300
talking about. 
The beginning of the interview. 

1212
01:10:22,800 --> 01:10:26,600
You look at the moral cause of 
liberalism in the mid-nineteenth

1213
01:10:26,600 --> 01:10:30,500
century. 
Free markets, free trade 

1214
01:10:30,800 --> 01:10:33,200
anti-imperialism and 
abolitionism. 

1215
01:10:34,600 --> 01:10:37,600
There's a free-market component 
and there's a moral component 

1216
01:10:37,700 --> 01:10:41,500
that unites all three of those 
things together on a firm 

1217
01:10:41,500 --> 01:10:44,400
philosophical basis. 
And we see that carrying Forge a

1218
01:10:44,400 --> 01:10:49,700
day, we see derivatives of 
anti-imperialism today come in 

1219
01:10:49,700 --> 01:10:53,300
our aversion to war or aversion 
to violence. 

1220
01:10:53,800 --> 01:10:57,000
We see derivatives of 
anti-slavery and abolitionism 

1221
01:10:57,400 --> 01:11:00,800
carrying through today in our 
aversion to discrimination, 

1222
01:11:00,900 --> 01:11:04,300
whether it's in racial terms or 
other terms forms of collective.

1223
01:11:04,400 --> 01:11:09,900
This bigotry and then we see the
intuition of free markets 

1224
01:11:09,900 --> 01:11:12,600
carrying forward today. 
Not only in those issues are 

1225
01:11:12,600 --> 01:11:14,300
still with us. 
Free trade is certainly still 

1226
01:11:14,300 --> 01:11:18,600
with us, but we see a moral 
wrong when people are deprived 

1227
01:11:18,600 --> 01:11:23,600
of their property by force or 
told that they cannot exercise 

1228
01:11:23,800 --> 01:11:27,400
their rights over their property
because of government 

1229
01:11:27,400 --> 01:11:30,500
regulation, or that property is 
confiscated and taken away, my 

1230
01:11:30,500 --> 01:11:33,000
tax agent. 
There's as much of a moral 

1231
01:11:33,000 --> 01:11:34,800
cases. 
There is as A functioning 

1232
01:11:34,800 --> 01:11:39,100
economic case, that's basically 
where I fall on those issues, 

1233
01:11:39,700 --> 01:11:43,000
you need both of it. 
Both components working together

1234
01:11:43,000 --> 01:11:44,400
in order for it to be 
functional. 

1235
01:11:45,700 --> 01:11:49,800
Check out the American Institute
for economic research. 

1236
01:11:49,800 --> 01:11:52,500
Today's guest was dr. 
Philip W. 

1237
01:11:52,800 --> 01:11:55,300
Magnus links will be in the 
description below. 

1238
01:11:55,400 --> 01:11:57,700
Thanks to everyone for watching 
Keith Knight don't tread on 

1239
01:11:57,700 --> 01:12:00,900
anyone and the libertarian 
Institute, dr. 

1240
01:12:00,900 --> 01:12:02,400
Magnus thank you so much for 
your time. 

1241
01:12:02,700 --> 01:12:03,600
Thank you again for helping me.