1 00:00:00,800 --> 00:00:03,000 Welcome to Keith's night. Don't tread on anyone in the 2 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:05,100 libertarian Institute. Danny. 3 00:00:05,100 --> 00:00:08,300 Duchamp returning, guest and champion of the show. 4 00:00:08,300 --> 00:00:11,200 Danny, thank you for your time. Thanks very much for having me. 5 00:00:12,700 --> 00:00:14,900 How did you first hear about Richard? 6 00:00:14,900 --> 00:00:21,000 See Eli. I don't recall if it was mold 7 00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:23,700 bug specifically but it was one of those near reactionaries 8 00:00:24,700 --> 00:00:28,200 using him as evidence. That America is a communist 9 00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:33,600 country and they make their case by just showing Eli and people 10 00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:36,800 like him and the effect that they had on American politics. 11 00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:40,000 Yeah. And the, so the first my first 12 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:43,600 introduction to him wasn't a flattering one. 13 00:00:44,800 --> 00:00:51,000 Looking at his Wikipedia page, he lived from 1854 to 1943, was 14 00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:55,500 an American Economist allegedly, using that term loosely author 15 00:00:55,500 --> 00:00:58,200 and leader of the Progressive Movement, who called for more 16 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:01,500 government intervention to reform, what they perceived as 17 00:01:01,500 --> 00:01:05,800 the injustices of capitalism, especially regarding factory, 18 00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:09,000 conditions compulsory education child, labor and labor unions. 19 00:01:09,200 --> 00:01:13,200 He is best remembered as a founder and the first Secretary 20 00:01:13,200 --> 00:01:17,200 of the American economic Mike Association as a founder and 21 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:20,800 Secretary of the Christian social Union, Thou shalt, not 22 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:25,200 steal and as the author of a series of a widely read books on 23 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:28,800 the organized labor movement, socialism and other social 24 00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:32,000 issues. So before we get into equality 25 00:01:32,100 --> 00:01:36,800 of opportunity, the section of his autobiography published in. 26 00:01:36,900 --> 00:01:41,100 I believe it's 1938 the sections titled my belief in equality of 27 00:01:41,100 --> 00:01:45,200 opportunity before getting into that, why do You opposed 28 00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:51,200 equality of outcome. So yeah, equality of outcome is 29 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:54,800 the normal thing to bashful modern, conservatives when they 30 00:01:54,800 --> 00:02:00,300 are talking about leftist attempts to Institute some 31 00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:04,800 major, in the name of equality, they say equality of opportunity 32 00:02:04,800 --> 00:02:07,600 is what we want. Not a quality of outcome and to 33 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:10,500 be fair, they have some good points that I do agree with 34 00:02:10,600 --> 00:02:15,900 equality of outcome. Is it does seem difficult just 35 00:02:15,900 --> 00:02:18,200 intuitively for anyone. One to support that. 36 00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:23,900 If you have two people who are both made worse off, right? 37 00:02:23,900 --> 00:02:28,900 They could become more equal. How could I see a moral ideal? 38 00:02:28,900 --> 00:02:31,800 That could result in everyone being worse off, be a decent 39 00:02:31,800 --> 00:02:35,400 moral ideal. That's, that's excellent. 40 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:40,600 I think it was me watching a speech of Barack Obama while he 41 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:43,300 was president, and I'm sitting there wondering, he's talking 42 00:02:43,300 --> 00:02:46,900 all about equality and I go. This is like the least equal 43 00:02:46,900 --> 00:02:50,400 thing I can imagine. He has executive powers. 44 00:02:50,600 --> 00:02:57,200 He has like a 90% civilian hit rate in his drone program and 45 00:02:57,500 --> 00:03:01,000 he's really worried about some people in the voluntary sector 46 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:03,100 making more than others. Is there anything? 47 00:03:03,200 --> 00:03:07,200 Being more unequal than the citizen to the state. 48 00:03:07,300 --> 00:03:11,200 Like the police officer says, you have to obey my arbitrary 49 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:15,100 commands or I get to kill you more or less and we get to K2 50 00:03:15,100 --> 00:03:17,600 angle. That is the most unequal thing 51 00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:20,800 as bad as, you know, my boss and my parents and some jerk 52 00:03:20,800 --> 00:03:24,500 friends, nothing is more unequal than that. 53 00:03:24,500 --> 00:03:28,000 So it's so perfect that they will promote this thing that 54 00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:32,500 could never be achieved because the more legislation you have, 55 00:03:32,500 --> 00:03:34,900 the more unequal equal is and they're constantly pushing for 56 00:03:34,900 --> 00:03:38,200 more legislation. So of course, one of my favorite 57 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:41,500 means ever is communism leads to a quality. 58 00:03:41,500 --> 00:03:44,800 There's this giant statue of Chairman Mao, how many Chinese 59 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:48,400 people have a statue in China as big as that one of Chairman Mao 60 00:03:48,700 --> 00:03:51,700 very right. Anything else on equality of 61 00:03:51,700 --> 00:03:54,900 outcome before we get into Eli's my belief in equality of 62 00:03:54,900 --> 00:03:57,100 opportunity. Yeah, yeah. 63 00:03:57,100 --> 00:04:04,400 So obviously Eli's stick here is going to be talking about He'll 64 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:08,900 talk about equality with an implication that what he's in 65 00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:12,900 favor of is some side being raised up, right? 66 00:04:12,900 --> 00:04:17,800 If you're if you're actually in favor of equality and at all 67 00:04:17,800 --> 00:04:21,500 like of opportunity, outcome, any kind of equality then there 68 00:04:21,500 --> 00:04:25,900 must be some situation in which you would be willing to accept a 69 00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:30,300 lower overall standard of living for people in order to make it 70 00:04:30,300 --> 00:04:34,700 more equal, if not, then your standard see, Actually be that 71 00:04:34,700 --> 00:04:36,500 you're in favor of high living standards in general. 72 00:04:36,500 --> 00:04:39,000 Not that you're in favor of more equal living standards 73 00:04:39,800 --> 00:04:42,900 excellent. Please read the first paragraph 74 00:04:42,900 --> 00:04:46,300 and we will analyze it with pleasure, okay. 75 00:04:46,300 --> 00:04:49,300 So my belief in equality of opportunity. 76 00:04:49,900 --> 00:04:53,500 My belief in the importance of equality of opportunity has 77 00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:56,700 never wavered or changed. The struggle for equality of 78 00:04:56,700 --> 00:04:58,900 opportunity is what made America great. 79 00:04:58,900 --> 00:05:01,400 From the point of view of social philosophy. 80 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:05,400 This struggle runs through So our entire complex history like 81 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:09,200 a red thread, giving it unity and explaining what is American 82 00:05:09,200 --> 00:05:12,400 as nothing else does in the 18th century. 83 00:05:12,500 --> 00:05:16,000 It was based on the philosophy of natural equality later, this 84 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:19,200 philosophy was modified by the recognition of the existence of 85 00:05:19,200 --> 00:05:23,100 natural inequalities today. We know that there are vast 86 00:05:23,100 --> 00:05:28,200 natural inequalities of naive of native ability among men upon 87 00:05:28,200 --> 00:05:30,800 this knowledge. It is based upon us. 88 00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:33,800 Knowledge is based the attitude which characterizes Erica at its 89 00:05:33,800 --> 00:05:35,800 best. The attitude expressed by the 90 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:41,000 words, give him a chance, it's give him a chance, not give all 91 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:43,500 an equal chance. Because when you're thinking of 92 00:05:43,500 --> 00:05:46,500 him, you're thinking one person, I'd like to give a person a 93 00:05:46,500 --> 00:05:48,700 chance. But today, you'd be talking 94 00:05:48,700 --> 00:05:52,500 about 330 million people, but if it's a principle that has to 95 00:05:52,500 --> 00:05:55,900 apply to all 7 billion. So I'm guessing the UN would be 96 00:05:55,900 --> 00:06:00,500 behind this equality program and he says the struggle runs 97 00:06:00,500 --> 00:06:04,800 through our entire complex Story, so he's giving 98 00:06:04,800 --> 00:06:07,200 progressives a narrative to build on. 99 00:06:07,400 --> 00:06:10,600 So, it's saying not only do you have this belief but your 100 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:14,300 ancestors had this strong belief and now it's resulted in you. 101 00:06:14,300 --> 00:06:16,900 So you need to carry the Baton forward. 102 00:06:17,100 --> 00:06:20,600 So so manipulative and it just goes to show how important 103 00:06:20,600 --> 00:06:23,600 historical narratives are when it comes to convincing people of 104 00:06:23,600 --> 00:06:25,300 something. That if they already think there 105 00:06:25,300 --> 00:06:28,800 are part of it, well they'll continue to promote it. 106 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:31,000 Any thoughts on the first paragraph? 107 00:06:32,700 --> 00:06:34,500 I think you pretty much hit the nail on the head. 108 00:06:35,200 --> 00:06:39,800 The I think that a lot of early I shouldn't say early but this 109 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:43,700 era of socialists in America. What they tended to do was they 110 00:06:43,700 --> 00:06:46,200 wrap socialism in the red white and blue, right? 111 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:50,800 They would tend to try to find some way that they can relate to 112 00:06:50,808 --> 00:06:55,500 their relatively foreign ideas to Liberal principles what that 113 00:06:55,500 --> 00:06:58,400 America was based on and try to work them in. 114 00:06:58,400 --> 00:07:02,700 So that any push towards socialism Let's just just us 115 00:07:02,700 --> 00:07:05,400 carrying on the Proud tradition of our forefathers. 116 00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:10,200 It's and I think that if you really talk to him, or if there 117 00:07:10,200 --> 00:07:14,100 was someone who he thought was an ally talking to him, I don't 118 00:07:14,100 --> 00:07:16,900 for a second. Believe that Eli would say that 119 00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:21,600 that America was founded on sort of, socialist principles. 120 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:25,000 I think it's quite cynical that he's trying to weave that 121 00:07:25,500 --> 00:07:28,500 narrative in there. It's, I think it's intentionally 122 00:07:28,500 --> 00:07:34,800 trying to mislead chapter goes on He says some years ago, mr. 123 00:07:34,900 --> 00:07:38,500 Vaughn bethmann-hollweg, son of the old chancellor, who was 124 00:07:38,500 --> 00:07:41,200 famous for his remark. That the treaty with Belgium 125 00:07:41,400 --> 00:07:44,600 was, merely a scrap of paper. Visited me in my office. 126 00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:48,600 In Chicago, we talked about many things and At Last, I said to 127 00:07:48,600 --> 00:07:51,400 him, you have been in this country, three months, you have 128 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:55,900 traveled extensively, you are a keen Observer, your impressions 129 00:07:56,000 --> 00:07:58,800 are vivid. Tell me what it is that 130 00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:01,600 characterizes America above all other countries. 131 00:08:01,800 --> 00:08:06,500 He replied quickly that what characterized America above all 132 00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:09,100 other countries, could be summed up in the phrase. 133 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:12,100 Give him a chance. He did not speak about the speed 134 00:08:12,100 --> 00:08:16,600 of our life, our acceleration. He did not refer to America as a 135 00:08:16,600 --> 00:08:20,600 land of unlimited possibilities. The four little words, give him 136 00:08:20,600 --> 00:08:23,600 a chance, expressed his outstanding impression. 137 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:28,100 So let's try and take their own move and use it against him. 138 00:08:28,400 --> 00:08:31,600 I believe in the concept of give him a chance. 139 00:08:31,800 --> 00:08:33,799 Why should I advocate the principles of 140 00:08:33,799 --> 00:08:37,600 anarcho-capitalism? If I believe such a thing, Yeah, 141 00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:46,800 so giving someone a chance in the lingo that he's using here, 142 00:08:47,300 --> 00:08:51,300 seems to essentially mean provide him with material 143 00:08:51,500 --> 00:08:54,700 resources at the expense of someone who does not consent. 144 00:08:55,700 --> 00:08:57,700 We have a word for that, it's called stealing. 145 00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:04,500 There's there's General reasons that giving someone a chance or 146 00:09:04,500 --> 00:09:07,300 giving someone anything. Without the consent of the 147 00:09:07,308 --> 00:09:10,600 person who previously owned it, there's a general reason why 148 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:13,600 that will tend to result in were social outcomes. 149 00:09:13,800 --> 00:09:18,800 So, I get the value of the thing that I stole from you, you lose 150 00:09:18,800 --> 00:09:21,400 that value. However, there's also the fact 151 00:09:21,400 --> 00:09:24,400 that now you're less incentivized to work because, 152 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:26,400 you know, the stuff could be stolen from you at any moment. 153 00:09:26,400 --> 00:09:30,800 Why build up your capital goods and your resources to try to 154 00:09:30,800 --> 00:09:32,900 make a better life for yourself of good or be taken away? 155 00:09:33,100 --> 00:09:36,100 So it reduces the incentive to produce. 156 00:09:36,600 --> 00:09:39,500 And it means that you're going to try to spend money on 157 00:09:39,500 --> 00:09:42,600 security restrict the amount that could be stolen from you. 158 00:09:42,600 --> 00:09:45,800 So that mountains lost. So, when something stolen, it's 159 00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:49,300 not a straight transfer from one person to another. 160 00:09:49,400 --> 00:09:52,700 It's a friends for with a significant loss in the process. 161 00:09:52,700 --> 00:09:58,500 So just from a utilitarian standpoint, you would want the 162 00:09:58,500 --> 00:10:01,400 resources to be taken to be given freely right? 163 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:05,100 Between people. Yeah, under anarcho-capitalism, 164 00:10:05,100 --> 00:10:07,600 libertarianism volunteerism. Whatever you want to call it, 165 00:10:07,900 --> 00:10:10,700 you would want to give people chances, but the reason you'd 166 00:10:10,700 --> 00:10:13,700 want to give them a chance is because that person who you're 167 00:10:13,700 --> 00:10:16,100 giving a chance to you believe is going to do something good 168 00:10:16,100 --> 00:10:18,900 with that chance, right? You're going to invest and his 169 00:10:18,900 --> 00:10:21,400 projects or you're going to give them a job or something like 170 00:10:21,400 --> 00:10:25,500 that because you think that there's something of Merit to 171 00:10:25,500 --> 00:10:27,200 what he's doing or to what he can do. 172 00:10:27,700 --> 00:10:30,700 And that's kind of giving him a chance to giving him a chance 173 00:10:30,700 --> 00:10:34,600 where it's rather than, you know, taking involuntarily from 174 00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:35,600 one person and giving to another. 175 00:10:35,600 --> 00:10:39,600 But instead, Voluntarily giving to someone on the basis that he 176 00:10:39,600 --> 00:10:42,400 will be able to produce. That's something that tends to 177 00:10:42,400 --> 00:10:46,100 raise the standard of living for everyone rather than leave us in 178 00:10:46,100 --> 00:10:50,300 a race to the bottom. Yeah, the word give is extremely 179 00:10:50,300 --> 00:10:54,100 manipulative because people will sometimes say, it's important, 180 00:10:54,100 --> 00:10:59,400 we give these people X, whatever X is in, in the topic Social 181 00:10:59,400 --> 00:11:02,400 Services, access to education, access to healthcare. 182 00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:06,200 I like, giving people things, as a matter of fact, you can 183 00:11:06,200 --> 00:11:09,500 purchase Purchase the volunteers handbook on Amazon or get it for 184 00:11:09,500 --> 00:11:13,400 free on Odyssey.com. I love the Catholic essays in 185 00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:17,300 their idea of brilliant people. All Danny wrote an excellent 186 00:11:17,300 --> 00:11:21,400 article, the utilitarian case for voluntourism, it's in there 187 00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:24,400 along with some other great Heavy Hitters. 188 00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:29,200 But when you say give it assumes that one person's kindly giving, 189 00:11:29,400 --> 00:11:33,000 what they really mean is, I'm going to put obligations on 190 00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:37,400 total strangers to do something and to Bear a very Large cost. 191 00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:41,400 When it comes to government it to the tune of what it's estate, 192 00:11:41,400 --> 00:11:44,100 get like 45 trillion dollars every year. 193 00:11:44,100 --> 00:11:46,400 So it's not like you're asking them to help you lift the 194 00:11:46,400 --> 00:11:48,900 groceries. It's like, you're asking them to 195 00:11:48,900 --> 00:11:52,500 work a third of their time for someone else, and it always 196 00:11:52,500 --> 00:11:54,900 seems like they're talking about people. 197 00:11:54,900 --> 00:11:58,700 They already like, like, if they say, well, I really want to give 198 00:11:58,900 --> 00:12:02,600 people a chance, by the way, half the country as a bunch of 199 00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:06,000 racist, bigots homophobes, who want women to be. 200 00:12:06,500 --> 00:12:11,400 Tied to the handmaid's tale. Well, you want yourself to be 201 00:12:11,400 --> 00:12:16,800 forced to fund those people. That is extremely rough. 202 00:12:16,900 --> 00:12:18,600 Ridiculous. I mean, they spend all their 203 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:21,200 time vilifying them and they want to help them out 204 00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:24,400 coercively. Also, the word chance is a bit 205 00:12:24,400 --> 00:12:28,400 of a lie because if I give someone a chance and let's say, 206 00:12:28,500 --> 00:12:31,900 they screw it up, I've screwed up jobs in the past and it 207 00:12:31,900 --> 00:12:35,400 assumes I can stop giving them a chance. 208 00:12:35,700 --> 00:12:38,300 That means that Point in the future it can stop. 209 00:12:38,300 --> 00:12:39,400 You know what we're going to fire. 210 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:41,900 You actually you're not allowed to fire someone unless you meet 211 00:12:41,900 --> 00:12:47,200 the following OSHA criteria and so therein lies the 212 00:12:47,200 --> 00:12:49,500 Ridiculousness. Two of the four words are 213 00:12:49,500 --> 00:12:51,900 completely manipulative. They couldn't even give us four 214 00:12:51,900 --> 00:12:53,800 words. That's why I didn't read this 215 00:12:53,800 --> 00:12:57,100 whole book, but I get you told me that I probably should 216 00:12:57,600 --> 00:12:59,600 anything else on give him a chance. 217 00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:02,900 No, I think we've done that to death. 218 00:13:02,900 --> 00:13:07,200 Plus we're about to get into the Crux of Of it, which is where he 219 00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:10,300 moves on from give them a chance and tries to relate that to his 220 00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:13,400 equality of opportunity, attitude. 221 00:13:13,700 --> 00:13:18,200 Very nice, let us hear it. Okay, so on its positive side, 222 00:13:18,300 --> 00:13:20,900 this struggle for equality of opportunity. 223 00:13:21,300 --> 00:13:25,300 Expresses itself in a multitude of ways, which aim at giving 224 00:13:25,300 --> 00:13:28,900 every individual a chance to develop all his powers, 225 00:13:29,100 --> 00:13:30,900 whatever? They may be to the fullest 226 00:13:30,900 --> 00:13:34,800 extent, we want every American to have an effective right to be 227 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:39,300 provided with Real goods for physical growth to maintain his 228 00:13:39,300 --> 00:13:42,800 health and strength in a favorable environment public 229 00:13:42,800 --> 00:13:44,500 school system. Cannot be explained. 230 00:13:44,500 --> 00:13:47,900 Otherwise, even now in publicly supported colleges and 231 00:13:47,900 --> 00:13:51,400 universities, the struggle is going on to give those who are 232 00:13:51,400 --> 00:13:55,300 qualified to benefit by at the opportunity for research and 233 00:13:55,300 --> 00:13:58,600 scientific investigation. Every step forward in the 234 00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:02,000 history of public education has met with obstacles and those 235 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:06,200 which have not been overcome gradually yielding. 236 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:09,200 To the irresistible pressure for equality of opportunity. 237 00:14:09,500 --> 00:14:13,600 However there still lingers on in our Public School System. 238 00:14:13,700 --> 00:14:16,800 The idea that all men are born essentially equal that they 239 00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:19,100 should all have the same kind of training. 240 00:14:19,500 --> 00:14:22,000 This is fallacious and socially in Juris. 241 00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:25,500 Generally, speaking and academic high school education is 242 00:14:25,500 --> 00:14:28,700 desirable, but there are many who cannot profit by it. 243 00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:32,100 It has been said that there is no greater inequality than equal 244 00:14:32,100 --> 00:14:34,800 treatment of unequals. George Washington did not 245 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:38,300 believe in equality of powers. He thought that each should have 246 00:14:38,300 --> 00:14:40,700 an equal chance to develop what powers he had. 247 00:14:40,800 --> 00:14:43,200 So that our government might function as the makers of the 248 00:14:43,208 --> 00:14:46,500 Constitution intended, it should in his farewell address. 249 00:14:46,500 --> 00:14:50,300 He said, promotes then, as an object of primary importance 250 00:14:50,300 --> 00:14:54,200 institutions, for the general diffusion of knowledge in 251 00:14:54,200 --> 00:14:57,100 proportion as the structure of a government gives forced to 252 00:14:57,100 --> 00:14:59,700 public opinion. It is essential that public 253 00:14:59,700 --> 00:15:04,100 opinion, should be enlightened. The makers of our constitution 254 00:15:04,100 --> 00:15:06,500 expressed their belief in equality of opportunity. 255 00:15:06,500 --> 00:15:10,200 When they safeguarded to all the like, the fundamental rights 256 00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:13,500 which are stated in the first ten amendments, no agency of the 257 00:15:13,500 --> 00:15:15,700 government May abrogate these rights. 258 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:20,400 Good. So so again, we have him 259 00:15:20,800 --> 00:15:22,600 invoking. The founders telling people, 260 00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:26,100 this is already part of their tradition and specifically 261 00:15:26,100 --> 00:15:28,400 George Washington. So if you want to be like 262 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:31,900 someone like George Washington Advocate equality of 263 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:36,400 opportunity, notice give him a chance opportunity is not 264 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:41,200 necessarily meaning that all chances should be equal because 265 00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:43,600 it's so undefinable and so unachievable. 266 00:15:43,900 --> 00:15:48,500 Even at the time whether you're in Arizona or New York or what 267 00:15:48,500 --> 00:15:51,200 if your neighbors who are raised by different parents? 268 00:15:51,400 --> 00:15:56,500 This equality of opportunity is completely the or rather the 269 00:15:56,500 --> 00:15:59,700 concept of equality has nothing to do with whether or not people 270 00:15:59,700 --> 00:16:01,900 have opportunities. The fact that you would want to 271 00:16:01,900 --> 00:16:06,500 make those equal, I'm not sure that it's even desirable at that 272 00:16:06,500 --> 00:16:07,700 point. What were your takeaways from 273 00:16:07,700 --> 00:16:11,300 that paragraph? Yeah, so the first thing is what 274 00:16:11,300 --> 00:16:14,200 you had on to that again. He's trying to weave that into 275 00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:17,900 the American narrative. He's Not trying to be honest 276 00:16:17,900 --> 00:16:20,600 about it and say, okay, I have these different ideas. 277 00:16:20,600 --> 00:16:23,800 I think we should take a left turn here, he's trying to weave 278 00:16:23,800 --> 00:16:26,900 it into the general thrust of American History. 279 00:16:28,300 --> 00:16:31,700 If that was in fact what the founders intended then why? 280 00:16:31,700 --> 00:16:34,800 Now do you have to set up these programs and institutions? 281 00:16:34,800 --> 00:16:37,600 If this is what they meant, then why did they not set them up? 282 00:16:38,300 --> 00:16:41,600 I think I think that that tells you that that is not at all. 283 00:16:41,800 --> 00:16:46,000 What their intentions were nevertheless his whole thing. 284 00:16:46,200 --> 00:16:53,000 About equality of opportunity. When he's talking about giving 285 00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:56,900 people a chance, right? He's talking about having a 286 00:16:56,900 --> 00:16:59,600 public school system so that everyone gets some kind of 287 00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:04,099 education, it should be noted that there's a mismatch between 288 00:17:04,099 --> 00:17:06,400 the policy prescription, even if it works. 289 00:17:06,800 --> 00:17:11,000 And the, the ideal like the words that he's using. 290 00:17:11,700 --> 00:17:17,300 So if everyone goes to a public school, a government school that 291 00:17:17,300 --> 00:17:19,099 isn't necessarily going to give her everyone the same 292 00:17:19,099 --> 00:17:21,200 opportunities, right? Because people still have Some 293 00:17:21,599 --> 00:17:23,599 families, right? They'll be in different areas 294 00:17:23,599 --> 00:17:25,500 which were in poor areas which will have different quality 295 00:17:26,099 --> 00:17:29,300 schools. There's going to be as he 296 00:17:29,300 --> 00:17:31,600 mentions different inherent characteristics. 297 00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:33,700 That will be able to take advantage of you're not you're 298 00:17:33,700 --> 00:17:37,900 not actually going to get to a quality with the measures that 299 00:17:37,900 --> 00:17:40,800 he's advocating. So I think that that's kind of a 300 00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:44,600 foot in the door thing. I will propose it. 301 00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:50,000 Let me draw an analogy to the current gun control movement. 302 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:52,200 That's so the current gun control movement. 303 00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:55,700 They'll say, look at all these shootings in America, we need to 304 00:17:55,700 --> 00:18:00,300 ban AR-15s. I have 15 the know what used to 305 00:18:00,308 --> 00:18:02,800 shoot most people in America. That's not what most shootings 306 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:04,200 are caused by. They know this. 307 00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:11,300 The point is that they will propose some method of solving 308 00:18:11,300 --> 00:18:13,600 the problem that won't actually resolve the problem. 309 00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:15,800 But we'll start taking away rights so that in a few years 310 00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:19,200 when has failed, they can Advocate to take away more of 311 00:18:19,200 --> 00:18:20,900 your rights. And I think the same is true 312 00:18:20,900 --> 00:18:24,500 here like that equality of opportunity is an absurd goal, 313 00:18:24,500 --> 00:18:27,500 right there is there is no way that everyone is going to To 314 00:18:27,500 --> 00:18:30,400 have the same opportunities and I did an article a while back 315 00:18:30,400 --> 00:18:34,600 called against equality. And one of the things that you 316 00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:38,200 can find animal in the sun scientific literature, is that 317 00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:41,200 reading to your child, whether or not you read bedtime stories 318 00:18:41,200 --> 00:18:44,000 to a child actually, has a larger effect on the outcomes 319 00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:46,800 then sending them to a private school which is pretty 320 00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:49,700 significant, like, so your read your kids, by the way, guys, 321 00:18:49,700 --> 00:18:54,400 that's a additional thing here, but That's something that is 322 00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:56,900 going to create a large inequality of opportunity 323 00:18:57,300 --> 00:19:00,500 because the kids who didn't get rid to as a child, they don't 324 00:19:00,500 --> 00:19:03,600 have that opportunity. We really going to say that you 325 00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:06,000 can't read to your kids because that gives them an unfair 326 00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:09,300 opportunity, right? Or they will. 327 00:19:09,300 --> 00:19:11,900 All the point is that there's always going to be something 328 00:19:12,100 --> 00:19:13,500 that you're never going to get rid of all of it. 329 00:19:13,500 --> 00:19:18,000 And so, it justifies an Ever larger and larger state to solve 330 00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:23,000 this unsolvable problem, and the end of the day, Day, the things 331 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:27,100 he's relying on in order to justify his equality of 332 00:19:27,100 --> 00:19:29,600 opportunity, aren't equality of opportunity, right? 333 00:19:29,600 --> 00:19:33,000 He's not actually proposing. Equality of opportunity, hear 334 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:37,300 what he's saying is give people a chance, giving someone a 335 00:19:37,300 --> 00:19:39,400 chance, doesn't mean that everyone has exactly the same 336 00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:40,800 chance, right? Someone who already has a 337 00:19:40,800 --> 00:19:43,100 chance, it's still good to give him another chance, right? 338 00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,600 If you if there's something you think you can do well, even if 339 00:19:45,600 --> 00:19:48,200 he's screwed up before, give him another chance, right? 340 00:19:48,300 --> 00:19:51,800 Even if another person doesn't doesn't have one more and 341 00:19:51,800 --> 00:19:55,800 better, For people, that's a good thing, more, equal chances 342 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:58,500 for people, it's morally irrelevant. 343 00:19:59,300 --> 00:20:02,000 Yeah and certainly, if you want more opportunities you'd want to 344 00:20:02,008 --> 00:20:05,800 make sure there's not one group of people coercively intervening 345 00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:09,500 in voluntary exchanges. It's like, well hey, give this 346 00:20:09,500 --> 00:20:12,000 man a chance. I know he doesn't have your 347 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:13,400 license. I know he doesn't have your 348 00:20:13,400 --> 00:20:16,800 certification and frankly we don't respect that. 349 00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:20,000 Anyways give this man a chance for Christ's sake. 350 00:20:20,200 --> 00:20:25,400 Stop halting his Progressive future to make a better life for 351 00:20:25,400 --> 00:20:29,000 him and his family so you can just use this same argument. 352 00:20:29,100 --> 00:20:32,800 If you Advocate it it doesn't justify the state at all as 353 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:35,200 David Friedman. Does an excellent job pointing 354 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:37,000 out. So much of the greatest 355 00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:41,000 inequalities are the result of things provided by governments. 356 00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:44,300 He uses the case of education is everyone equally educated. 357 00:20:44,400 --> 00:20:48,300 I mean, surely we got 12 years that people spend in their 358 00:20:48,300 --> 00:20:52,400 younger and younger portion of their life under State 359 00:20:52,400 --> 00:20:54,800 schooling. Certainly everyone should 360 00:20:54,900 --> 00:20:57,200 basically everyone knows the same amount of stuff. 361 00:20:57,500 --> 00:21:00,000 No, not true. Watch, Who Wants To Be A 362 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:02,100 Millionaire, even the smartest people. 363 00:21:02,300 --> 00:21:05,700 There's a wide range of intellectual diversity there. 364 00:21:05,700 --> 00:21:09,300 He also uses the court system, so someone who has no money and 365 00:21:09,300 --> 00:21:12,700 gets a public defender versus, I don't know, o.j. 366 00:21:12,700 --> 00:21:18,900 Simpson, or Jeffrey, Epstein in 2005, not in his recent non 367 00:21:18,900 --> 00:21:23,000 suicide, but I mean he gets Alan dershowitz to give him like the 368 00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:26,400 total sweetheart deal like that you would get if you like 369 00:21:26,400 --> 00:21:28,800 probably stole a Snickers bar or something. 370 00:21:29,100 --> 00:21:32,400 So there is no equality when it comes to government. 371 00:21:32,400 --> 00:21:35,000 So his entire thesis has rendered. 372 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:39,700 I think ridiculous. Let's go on to this next one on 373 00:21:39,700 --> 00:21:42,200 the negative side. This struggle for equality of 374 00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:44,900 opportunity. Expresses itself in the 375 00:21:44,900 --> 00:21:49,000 determination to render adequate service for material Goods that 376 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:52,400 we receive. We are determined that men in 377 00:21:52,400 --> 00:21:56,100 our country shall no longer receive something for nothing 378 00:21:56,300 --> 00:22:00,800 because if they do, so they abstain tracked from the wealth 379 00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:04,600 produced that, which should go for service. 380 00:22:04,800 --> 00:22:08,300 Sorry that was hard for me to read through Stock Exchange 381 00:22:08,300 --> 00:22:12,100 manipulation through dishonest. Manipulation of real estate 382 00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:14,600 through. Unfair, practices in 383 00:22:14,700 --> 00:22:18,500 merchandising millions are given to those who have taken 384 00:22:18,500 --> 00:22:21,300 something from nothing. We are trying to reduce this 385 00:22:21,300 --> 00:22:25,500 amount to a minimum property, which is inherited by passing 386 00:22:25,500 --> 00:22:28,700 from generation to generation, includes vast. 387 00:22:29,100 --> 00:22:33,900 Of surplus value in 1891. I made the following plea for 388 00:22:33,900 --> 00:22:37,300 reform of the laws of inheritance quote, excessive 389 00:22:37,300 --> 00:22:42,900 wealth discourages exertion, but a suitable reform of the laws of 390 00:22:42,900 --> 00:22:47,800 inheritance will remove us. Many Idol persons, who consumed 391 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:52,300 annually, immense, quantities of wealth, but contribute, nothing 392 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:57,100 to support to the support of the race and who leading Idol lives, 393 00:22:57,100 --> 00:23:01,500 cultivate bad ideas. And disseminate social poison 394 00:23:01,700 --> 00:23:04,200 for the sake of the sons of the rich, as well. 395 00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:08,100 For the sons of the poor, we need a reform of the laws of 396 00:23:08,100 --> 00:23:11,000 inheritance. A reform of the laws of property 397 00:23:11,300 --> 00:23:15,900 will help us to approach that ideal condition, in which the 398 00:23:15,900 --> 00:23:18,200 man who does not work, shall not eat. 399 00:23:18,300 --> 00:23:22,100 And it will also tend to the equalization of opportunities. 400 00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:26,400 So as to give all a fairer start in life, allowing each one to 401 00:23:26,400 --> 00:23:30,700 make use of such opportunities as Capacity and diligence 402 00:23:30,700 --> 00:23:34,700 permit, and thus rendering inequalities economic and social 403 00:23:34,900 --> 00:23:41,700 less arduous, and in Juris, injurious more stipulating and 404 00:23:41,700 --> 00:23:44,400 helpful. Lord have mercy, what? 405 00:23:44,400 --> 00:23:46,600 A pile of nothing. What are your first thoughts? 406 00:23:47,500 --> 00:23:50,000 I don't know where to start reform. 407 00:23:51,100 --> 00:23:58,900 Okay, so the probably the wealth transfer The Inheritance reform. 408 00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:02,100 And that he's that he's advocating here is probably the 409 00:24:02,100 --> 00:24:05,300 place to start. There's I think the for the 410 00:24:05,300 --> 00:24:10,200 first part it's based on kind of a myth that most wealth in 411 00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:13,400 Western societies is based on inheritance, right? 412 00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:16,000 That all the rich just tend to inherit all their. 413 00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:20,100 Well, there are a couple of ways of showing that this is 414 00:24:20,100 --> 00:24:22,700 ridiculous. Like Thomas Soul often points 415 00:24:22,700 --> 00:24:24,300 out that. I think it's one in five 416 00:24:24,300 --> 00:24:27,800 Americans will be in the top 20% at some point in their lives. 417 00:24:29,300 --> 00:24:32,100 Looks like four out of five will be the top 20% at some point in 418 00:24:32,100 --> 00:24:35,500 their lives, but I think that the clearest way to point this 419 00:24:35,500 --> 00:24:39,500 out is point out. Look at the way that wealth 420 00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:43,600 increases, especially during the time when he's writing, right? 421 00:24:43,600 --> 00:24:50,100 You, you've just gone through the one of the longest periods 422 00:24:50,100 --> 00:24:53,900 of biggest periods of wealth creation in the history of 423 00:24:53,900 --> 00:24:58,800 humanity and we are talking about inheritance, right? 424 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:00,700 Right? If all of that wealth is 425 00:25:00,700 --> 00:25:03,100 created, it clearly was not inherited. 426 00:25:03,300 --> 00:25:05,200 Right? Is all of that wealth has come 427 00:25:05,200 --> 00:25:08,000 new into the world. Someone went out, did some work 428 00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:13,200 and produced it. Now, he talks about a bunch of a 429 00:25:13,208 --> 00:25:15,800 bunch of professions, a bunch of different things you can do and 430 00:25:15,800 --> 00:25:18,100 tries to basically throw mud on them, right? 431 00:25:18,100 --> 00:25:22,300 There's something about Stock Exchange investing in the stock 432 00:25:22,300 --> 00:25:25,000 exchange and investing in property and things like that. 433 00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:28,800 And you just write that off as though those people are doing. 434 00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:31,600 Just nothing productive. It's just ridiculous and nothing 435 00:25:31,600 --> 00:25:35,500 but All of those things are entirely useful, right? 436 00:25:35,700 --> 00:25:39,800 So, investing I think, hopefully, most people know why 437 00:25:39,800 --> 00:25:43,400 investing is useful, but basically, the reason is time 438 00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:46,700 preference, I've worked and saved up a lot of money. 439 00:25:47,300 --> 00:25:51,000 You have a great business idea, you could wait, and save up a 440 00:25:51,008 --> 00:25:53,400 whole lot of money to put that into practice, but then would 441 00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:56,400 lose out on the world would lose out on that. 442 00:25:56,400 --> 00:25:58,300 Well, that you could have created if you just started the 443 00:25:58,300 --> 00:26:02,000 business now. But I lend you the money and 444 00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:03,900 therefore you Go out and do that business. 445 00:26:04,300 --> 00:26:07,400 That's the same if it's during the progress of a company. 446 00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:10,900 It's a similar sort of thing for real estate investment, all of 447 00:26:10,900 --> 00:26:14,900 these sorts of things, the things where he's talking about 448 00:26:14,900 --> 00:26:18,200 someone getting something for nothing, that just simply aren't 449 00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:20,400 the cases. He's just riding off a whole 450 00:26:20,400 --> 00:26:25,000 bunch of productive tasks. There are situations in which 451 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:32,200 there are Market manipulation tactics that don't produce for 452 00:26:32,200 --> 00:26:33,000 people. Right? 453 00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:34,700 Where it really is getting something for nothing and that 454 00:26:34,700 --> 00:26:39,100 would be, for example, a politician getting involved in 455 00:26:39,100 --> 00:26:41,200 the market and using their position. 456 00:26:41,500 --> 00:26:46,200 As a politician in order to control stop movements, right? 457 00:26:46,700 --> 00:26:50,100 That arguably would be the case, but that's I don't think what 458 00:26:50,100 --> 00:26:51,900 he's talking about. He's not talking about 459 00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:54,800 government officials, he's talking about business people, 460 00:26:55,100 --> 00:27:00,700 that's who's trying to go after is, so yeah, the whole thing, he 461 00:27:01,300 --> 00:27:04,800 tears down so many Different professions that are entirely 462 00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:12,900 useful. Oh, he also talks about and so 463 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:17,600 wealth transfer from parent to a child, right? 464 00:27:18,100 --> 00:27:20,500 That's actually a particularly useful thing. 465 00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:24,400 If I am working, right, someone might say that. 466 00:27:24,400 --> 00:27:28,200 Oh, well, if I can keep all of my own wealth while I'm alive, 467 00:27:28,200 --> 00:27:31,500 but then once I'm dead, then it will go revert to the state or 468 00:27:31,500 --> 00:27:33,500 some portion of it'll revert to the The state that can't 469 00:27:33,500 --> 00:27:35,500 possibly change my incentives, right? 470 00:27:35,500 --> 00:27:38,100 That can't possibly change my theme for some make me want to 471 00:27:38,100 --> 00:27:41,700 work less, but of course, what could be a larger incentives 472 00:27:41,700 --> 00:27:43,500 than leaving? Something to my children. 473 00:27:43,500 --> 00:27:45,600 I don't know if you realize but people actually care about their 474 00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:49,600 children, but lat that's a yeah. It's confiscating. 475 00:27:49,600 --> 00:27:54,900 Someone's wealth after they die. Does not change the kind of 476 00:27:54,900 --> 00:27:58,100 Billet area social effects that it has when you confiscate, 477 00:27:58,100 --> 00:28:02,000 well, Yeah, tell me there was probably more than that. 478 00:28:03,200 --> 00:28:06,800 Yeah well that's that's the gift Gallup, where they throw 50 479 00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:09,300 false things that you that you just say, well there's got to be 480 00:28:09,300 --> 00:28:13,500 something that's right about. This Thomas Souls book, basic 481 00:28:13,500 --> 00:28:17,000 economics, he talks about a study by the University of 482 00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:22,000 Michigan and the IRS and he says, well certainly you can see 483 00:28:22,200 --> 00:28:26,300 the top one percent wealth increases what you're not 484 00:28:26,300 --> 00:28:29,200 looking at. Are the different human beings 485 00:28:29,200 --> 00:28:33,500 that Then occupy that 1% the analogy that I like to use is 486 00:28:34,100 --> 00:28:37,800 there's a guy who gets a 50 million dollar Grant by the Paul 487 00:28:37,800 --> 00:28:41,200 Krugman foundation and he goes and he looks at a high school 488 00:28:41,200 --> 00:28:45,800 and says, all right, 25% of people are seniors. 25% are 489 00:28:45,800 --> 00:28:47,700 freshmen. Here's the top and the bottom 490 00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:50,900 guy comes back. 20 years later. And wouldn't, you know, it? 491 00:28:50,900 --> 00:28:55,800 Still 25 percent of seniors are 25% of students or seniors in 492 00:28:55,808 --> 00:28:59,200 25% of freshmen. So these groups haven't moved 493 00:28:59,300 --> 00:29:01,500 They're still seniors and they're still freshman. 494 00:29:01,700 --> 00:29:05,900 Well, the obvious response is, those are different human beings 495 00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:08,000 than the ones you study 20 years ago. 496 00:29:08,200 --> 00:29:12,100 So what you could actually do was look at individual incomes 497 00:29:12,100 --> 00:29:15,600 and see if those increase over time and of course they do as a 498 00:29:15,600 --> 00:29:18,700 result of competition and capital investment. 499 00:29:18,700 --> 00:29:22,900 So I mean there's really nothing to what to this argument at all. 500 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:26,600 And of course, you know, bashing Investments, as if initial 501 00:29:26,600 --> 00:29:29,200 public offerings that give so many. 502 00:29:29,400 --> 00:29:34,700 As the startup Capital to employ people, to invest, in research 503 00:29:34,700 --> 00:29:38,200 development, to write that off as useless, a guy advocating, 504 00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:41,200 government schooling is worried that an institution might be 505 00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:43,700 useless. What, what's going on? 506 00:29:43,700 --> 00:29:45,900 He must have worked in the Wilson Administration. 507 00:29:47,900 --> 00:29:51,800 Let's get on to read the next chapter for us. 508 00:29:51,900 --> 00:29:58,500 Many objected so many objected to my proposal to reform 509 00:29:58,600 --> 00:30:02,000 inheritance tax laws. They said you are proposing 510 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,400 measures which a the rights of private property. 511 00:30:04,700 --> 00:30:08,400 This is not a valid objection. The right of inheritance is one 512 00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:10,800 right and the right of private property is another and 513 00:30:10,800 --> 00:30:14,100 distinct, right? The right of property means an 514 00:30:14,100 --> 00:30:16,100 exclusive right of control over thing. 515 00:30:16,400 --> 00:30:19,000 The right of inheritance The transfer of this, right? 516 00:30:19,600 --> 00:30:23,300 The state or local political unit must be recognized as Co 517 00:30:23,300 --> 00:30:25,900 are entitled to share in all inheritance. 518 00:30:25,900 --> 00:30:31,800 Has a man is made what he is by Family town or local political 519 00:30:31,800 --> 00:30:34,900 Circle, which surrounds them and by the state in which he lives. 520 00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:40,000 And by the nation, a tax on inheritance is the means whereby 521 00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:44,400 the claims of the town State and Nation May secure recognition. 522 00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:49,000 No wise man wants to abolish The Inheritance Of property but a 523 00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:53,400 great deal is being done and war is going to be done to bring 524 00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:56,300 under control. The passage of property from 525 00:30:56,300 --> 00:30:59,300 generation to generation and thus to cut down very 526 00:30:59,300 --> 00:31:02,400 gratefully, the receipt of something for nothing. 527 00:31:03,000 --> 00:31:10,400 So yes, there was something that I really wanted to hit on there. 528 00:31:10,500 --> 00:31:11,500 Okay. Well how about this? 529 00:31:11,500 --> 00:31:15,900 The state or local political unit must be recognized as Co 530 00:31:15,900 --> 00:31:21,900 are entitled to share In all inheritance has so, okay, that's 531 00:31:21,900 --> 00:31:25,100 basically Barack Obama's, you didn't build that, does it. 532 00:31:25,100 --> 00:31:27,300 Do you remember that? Hopefully, people do. 533 00:31:27,300 --> 00:31:31,000 But Barack Obama had the speech where he talks about, you know, 534 00:31:31,500 --> 00:31:36,200 how your business requires roads and stuff in order to function. 535 00:31:36,200 --> 00:31:38,200 You didn't build that. And therefore, you know, the 536 00:31:38,200 --> 00:31:44,500 state is entitled to some share of what you have and so are all 537 00:31:44,500 --> 00:31:48,300 the other people in the country. And so really, really Yo, no man 538 00:31:48,300 --> 00:31:51,800 is an island that kind of thing. The problem is, is that there 539 00:31:51,800 --> 00:31:55,800 are two ways that a business acquires things in order to 540 00:31:55,800 --> 00:31:59,900 function. One is on the open market, 541 00:31:59,900 --> 00:32:03,200 right? We purchase certain things and 542 00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:06,100 then transform those things. So, you could also argue the 543 00:32:06,100 --> 00:32:09,000 Third Way where you create yourself but good start to 544 00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:11,400 purchase a resources. So two ways you purchase them on 545 00:32:11,400 --> 00:32:13,200 the open market. In that situation, you have 546 00:32:13,200 --> 00:32:17,400 paid, you have already paid for the things that you're using. 547 00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:20,000 So the you didn't build that there for you over some of it. 548 00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:22,500 No I paid what I own it is already done. 549 00:32:23,200 --> 00:32:28,100 The other way is the taxes, right? 550 00:32:28,100 --> 00:32:31,300 So you are going to use some Services, the government 551 00:32:31,300 --> 00:32:36,200 provides like roads or maybe the workers you use used Public 552 00:32:36,200 --> 00:32:40,600 Schools or things like that. The current taxes were supposed 553 00:32:40,600 --> 00:32:44,300 to pay for that but apparently they're not enough apparently, 554 00:32:44,400 --> 00:32:47,300 some dilapidated roads and shitty public. 555 00:32:47,500 --> 00:32:50,200 Schools is not, it's not enough to cover that. 556 00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:52,600 That's the government gets the trillions of dollars that are 557 00:32:52,608 --> 00:32:56,200 currently does, apparently insufficient we, it needs more 558 00:32:56,400 --> 00:33:00,400 now, it's ridiculous. Clearly, the amount of taxes 559 00:33:00,400 --> 00:33:04,300 that people pay have massively outstripped, any of the things 560 00:33:04,300 --> 00:33:07,900 that are actually useful in their lives, right there the 561 00:33:07,900 --> 00:33:10,400 amount of money that it would actually cost just to run some 562 00:33:10,400 --> 00:33:13,200 schools and Roads, right? If it was any other entity 563 00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:16,900 doing, it would be a fraction of a fraction of a percent of the 564 00:33:16,900 --> 00:33:21,600 current Us government's budget. So, yeah, that whole thing about 565 00:33:21,700 --> 00:33:26,700 how if you create a business or you earn a living or you produce 566 00:33:26,700 --> 00:33:30,800 something that you really ho Society in general, no Society 567 00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:35,400 has already you've already paid Society, voluntarily purchase 568 00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:39,400 the things you use. You have more than paid enough 569 00:33:39,400 --> 00:33:43,800 taxes to cover the government provided parts of it. 570 00:33:43,800 --> 00:33:46,800 So that that's just as honest and it's honestly, the still 571 00:33:46,800 --> 00:33:49,500 going today. A with, or at least not so long 572 00:33:49,500 --> 00:33:52,900 ago with Barack Obama. Well, look at the bait and 573 00:33:52,900 --> 00:33:54,900 switch, they bring you in with something real. 574 00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:58,900 No one got where they are by the fruits of their own labor. 575 00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:02,100 Of course, you are raised by parents and you probably weren't 576 00:34:02,100 --> 00:34:06,900 that productive at this time until 14 16, 18 lot of 30 year 577 00:34:06,900 --> 00:34:12,199 olds, I know would even put fall under this condition so he takes 578 00:34:12,199 --> 00:34:15,699 something that no one does it all by themselves and of course, 579 00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:19,300 when you're born into a There are a number of things you 580 00:34:19,300 --> 00:34:21,699 benefit from. It's also a number of costs 581 00:34:21,699 --> 00:34:25,800 imposed on you, but he then takes this reality and says 582 00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:31,500 therefore this group government becomes the co are not Walmart 583 00:34:31,500 --> 00:34:35,900 or I don't know who was big in the 1830s A&P Grocers, or I 584 00:34:35,900 --> 00:34:38,900 don't know if Sears was going on back then, but it's the total 585 00:34:38,900 --> 00:34:42,600 non sequitur of, this is a reality in which people live, 586 00:34:42,699 --> 00:34:46,400 you are able to reap benefits from the work of others. 587 00:34:46,400 --> 00:34:50,000 As you mentioned, We pay for things, and that's how we can 588 00:34:50,100 --> 00:34:52,800 compensate them, but it doesn't follow that. 589 00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:56,800 Therefore, only this group. Now, maybe if he was a real 590 00:34:56,800 --> 00:35:01,400 believer in a quality, anyone at any time can take anything from 591 00:35:01,400 --> 00:35:04,000 anyone else? Because, I mean, they didn't 592 00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:06,600 build it, they basically got that they drove on roads that 593 00:35:06,600 --> 00:35:09,700 other people paid for. So theft isn't really a thing. 594 00:35:09,900 --> 00:35:12,500 But by that metric, well, government doesn't have the 595 00:35:12,500 --> 00:35:15,500 right to own four trillion dollars every year. 596 00:35:15,700 --> 00:35:18,800 Anyone can just go into the Take whatever they want. 597 00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:21,400 They can go into the Pentagon because they didn't build that. 598 00:35:21,500 --> 00:35:24,600 I mean they only got that because other people did stuff 599 00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:28,200 so we can go into the Pentagon and take all of belongings that 600 00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:31,700 the Department of Defense has and then other people can take 601 00:35:31,700 --> 00:35:34,600 it from us and all you have is this circle of theft unless you 602 00:35:34,600 --> 00:35:38,700 recognize self ownership and voluntary exchanges anything on 603 00:35:38,700 --> 00:35:42,600 the need to question property titles and inheritance? 604 00:35:43,300 --> 00:35:47,300 Well yeah so jumping back to the first part of the paragraph. 605 00:35:47,500 --> 00:35:51,000 That I just read where he says, they said you're opposing 606 00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:54,000 measures, which impaired rights of private property, but he says 607 00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:56,800 it's not a valid objection because the right of private 608 00:35:56,800 --> 00:35:58,500 property is the right to control something. 609 00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:03,900 And the right of inheritance is the ability to transfer the 610 00:36:03,900 --> 00:36:05,600 right to transfer that. Right? 611 00:36:05,900 --> 00:36:09,600 And those are distinct things. No they're not like one is a 612 00:36:09,607 --> 00:36:13,300 subset of the other, right? My right to transfer this 613 00:36:13,300 --> 00:36:16,500 property to someone else is part of my control of it. 614 00:36:16,500 --> 00:36:18,700 If I can. Transfer this property to 615 00:36:18,700 --> 00:36:20,500 another person in to some degree. 616 00:36:20,500 --> 00:36:23,400 I do not control it, it's so it's it's I don't know. 617 00:36:23,600 --> 00:36:26,100 It's just an elementary logical mistake. 618 00:36:26,100 --> 00:36:28,500 He's just saying these two things are just different 619 00:36:28,500 --> 00:36:29,900 inserts. Not a valid objection. 620 00:36:30,300 --> 00:36:35,800 No one is a subset of the other and so it is it makes me wonder 621 00:36:35,900 --> 00:36:40,400 kind of how much he can believe it himself right to what extent 622 00:36:40,400 --> 00:36:42,900 does. He he doesn't strike me as an 623 00:36:42,900 --> 00:36:45,700 idiot. It's an elementary logical 624 00:36:45,700 --> 00:36:49,700 mistake that you know, if You handled that in to your 625 00:36:49,700 --> 00:36:50,600 philosophy? Professor? 626 00:36:50,600 --> 00:36:54,200 You didn't F, right? This is just one of the subset 627 00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:56,600 of the other. No, go try again, right? 628 00:36:57,400 --> 00:37:00,500 That shouldn't be something that mistake that he would make. 629 00:37:00,500 --> 00:37:03,900 That makes me think that he's not actually making these 630 00:37:03,900 --> 00:37:07,600 arguments in good faith. He's just trying to find excuses 631 00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:11,400 right that he thinks the reader will buy for increasing state 632 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:14,600 power, which is what ultimately he wants to do. 633 00:37:14,600 --> 00:37:17,300 That's it, that's his job. He sells justifications. 634 00:37:17,500 --> 00:37:22,600 State power. Final paragraph says, in these 635 00:37:22,600 --> 00:37:25,700 ways we are trying to carry out the philosophy of equality of 636 00:37:25,700 --> 00:37:29,000 opportunity, expressed in our constitution. 637 00:37:29,300 --> 00:37:33,800 We must not run all the people through the small Mill 638 00:37:33,900 --> 00:37:37,900 educational or otherwise, we must give each one in 639 00:37:37,900 --> 00:37:42,600 opportunity for educational spiritual and religious training 640 00:37:42,600 --> 00:37:46,300 in accordance with the character and makeup of the individual. 641 00:37:46,500 --> 00:37:51,800 We provide opportunities and give Each his chance that is 642 00:37:52,100 --> 00:37:54,500 America. It's too boring for me to say it 643 00:37:54,508 --> 00:37:58,500 a third time, but I will, again, he's trying to build on the 644 00:37:58,500 --> 00:38:01,100 historical narrative. This is why understanding 645 00:38:01,100 --> 00:38:03,200 history as well as philosophy is. 646 00:38:03,200 --> 00:38:07,600 So, vitally important anything on that last paragraph or the 647 00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:09,900 section in general. Yeah, yeah. 648 00:38:09,900 --> 00:38:13,200 So running all the people through the same Mill, we know, 649 00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:16,200 it's not run, all the people through the same Mill. 650 00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:20,000 I thought he was in favor of equality, that that Literally is 651 00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:21,900 what? Yeah, would be required. 652 00:38:21,900 --> 00:38:25,000 You're going to have to put everyone in the same. 653 00:38:25,300 --> 00:38:30,300 Same position. Ultimately, I think that there's 654 00:38:30,300 --> 00:38:33,600 just Falls to all of the same problems that any equality. 655 00:38:33,600 --> 00:38:37,700 Argument Falls to when someone's trying to sell a quality to you, 656 00:38:37,700 --> 00:38:40,100 whether it's opportunity, outcome, whatever it is. 657 00:38:40,600 --> 00:38:45,600 What they will do is they will paint a picture and in which one 658 00:38:45,600 --> 00:38:49,200 person has less of something than the other. 659 00:38:49,500 --> 00:38:53,300 Them and then they will say, well, wouldn't it be better if 660 00:38:53,300 --> 00:38:57,100 they both had a lot? Notice that in such a situation? 661 00:38:57,900 --> 00:39:01,800 What they're doing is they are imagining one person rising up 662 00:39:01,800 --> 00:39:05,300 to meet the other person. The reason that that seems good. 663 00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:07,200 The reason that intuitively go. Yeah. 664 00:39:07,200 --> 00:39:08,500 That seems like a great thing I guess. 665 00:39:08,500 --> 00:39:10,600 I do favorite body. The reason it seemed good was 666 00:39:10,600 --> 00:39:14,000 just because the overall benefit to everyone was increasing, 667 00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:16,100 right? One guy was becoming better off 668 00:39:16,300 --> 00:39:17,800 and the other guy wasn't getting worse off. 669 00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:23,600 Like The concept of equality should be distinguished from the 670 00:39:23,700 --> 00:39:27,000 what's concept of improvement. The only way you can say that 671 00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:30,500 actually, no, I do favor equality rather than just 672 00:39:30,500 --> 00:39:33,500 Improvement in general, is to say that there might be some 673 00:39:33,500 --> 00:39:37,000 situation where I don't even want someone to get worse off so 674 00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:40,500 that they can all be the same or even that both people get worse 675 00:39:40,500 --> 00:39:44,400 off but they are but they're all the same and the telling thing 676 00:39:44,400 --> 00:39:48,500 is that that is kind of what all of these advocating for is going 677 00:39:48,500 --> 00:39:52,800 to result in. So giving government control 678 00:39:52,800 --> 00:39:57,000 over education, stopping people from passing their wealth on to 679 00:39:57,000 --> 00:40:00,000 their children. Which thereby reduces their 680 00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:01,900 incentive to produce in the first place. 681 00:40:02,200 --> 00:40:06,200 All of this sort of thing is going to reduce the overall 682 00:40:06,200 --> 00:40:09,600 production of Humanity's. Reduces our ability to produce 683 00:40:09,600 --> 00:40:12,100 better schools for entrepreneurship. 684 00:40:12,100 --> 00:40:16,100 It reduces the ability or an incentive to produce things for 685 00:40:16,100 --> 00:40:18,600 our children. All of that is just going to be 686 00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:20,900 a slow degradation And of humanity. 687 00:40:21,200 --> 00:40:25,400 And even if that resulted in more equality which as you 688 00:40:25,400 --> 00:40:27,900 pointed out from solid gold, masks statues, it does not. 689 00:40:28,100 --> 00:40:33,900 But even if it did result in more equality, who cares? 690 00:40:33,900 --> 00:40:35,900 I want things to be better, not more equal. 691 00:40:36,900 --> 00:40:40,000 Excellent points. Yeah, there's a great article 692 00:40:40,000 --> 00:40:42,300 called is equality. A worthy goal by Bradley, 693 00:40:42,300 --> 00:40:44,700 Thomas. It's in the book, free pdf, 694 00:40:44,700 --> 00:40:47,500 Adonis, e.com. Anyone with the faintest 695 00:40:47,900 --> 00:40:51,500 acquaintance with reality, however, realizes that the human 696 00:40:51,500 --> 00:40:56,700 species and kind is uniquely characterized by a high variety 697 00:40:57,100 --> 00:40:59,800 diversity. Differentiation in short. 698 00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:04,400 Any quality included in these human inequalities and 699 00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:07,900 differences are traits like intelligence, Ambition, work, 700 00:41:07,900 --> 00:41:12,700 ethic skill sets, ability, Etc. So, this is the ultimate Fool's 701 00:41:12,700 --> 00:41:16,700 errand, to think that we can make people equal in Opportunity 702 00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:21,200 or in equality of outcome. Danny do Trump. 703 00:41:21,200 --> 00:41:23,200 Where is the best place to find your work? 704 00:41:24,500 --> 00:41:29,000 Just Danny to show.com Da in. And why do you see aham p.com? 705 00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:34,400 It's pretty basic website, but it has links to all of the 706 00:41:34,400 --> 00:41:35,900 places you can find me my subset. 707 00:41:35,900 --> 00:41:37,100 My YouTube. My Odyssey. 708 00:41:37,100 --> 00:41:38,800 My float. Put a all that kind of good 709 00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:41,400 stuff. Thanks for everyone for 710 00:41:41,400 --> 00:41:43,400 watching. Keith Knight Don't Tread On Any 711 00:41:43,400 --> 00:41:46,200 libertarian Institute. They need you top. 712 00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:47,100 Thank you for your time.