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In Essos, we see that the Game 
of Thrones plays out in Slaver's

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Bay and elsewhere, presumably 
just not first hand. 

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It's different than in Westeros,
but not so much that we don't 

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see the massive similarities. 
And you all are seeing these 

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patterns here in real history, 
in this very well documented era

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that we've been covering. 
It's familiar despite so many 

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unfamiliar elements, meaning the
characters and places you're not

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as familiar with, but the 
concepts, the ambitions, the way

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the game is played, that stuff. 
Yeah. 

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You guys know this, especially 
because most of you listening 

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have Valar re read probably 
several times, if not at least 

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once. 
And that gets you very close and

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familiar with Westeros, the 
cultures, the characters, the 

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history. 
It becomes second hand and the 

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more you build on it, the more 
you delve in, the more familiar 

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it is, the more at ease you are 
going through it, understanding 

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it, experiencing it. 
The same thing is happening here

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with this series. 
The more familiar you all got 

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with this portion of Greek 
history, world history, the more

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00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:07,760
familiar you are with the 
characters, the nations, the 

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cultures, the gods, everything 
else that closest is going to 

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keep paying off as we get 
further into the story. 

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Rather than maybe some of y'all 
in episodes one and two, maybe 3

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saying things like wait, which? 
Which guy was as he's just 

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talking about Which dude with 
that Greek sounding name was 

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that? 
You're starting to get to the 

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point, if you haven't already, 
where you're saying things like,

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oh, yeah, that's that's exactly 
what it just allows us to do. 

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Oh, hard as Xerxes never change.
Or, wait, Epaminondas did what 

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now? 
Well, I guess I can see that 

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we've been learning about him or
something along the lines of, 

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yeah, I can see why Aziz thinks 
Palopitus is like Brendan Stark.

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As we've been seeing, this era 
features great stories and like 

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a great story, a lot of 
different plot threads we've 

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been following separately are 
slowly but surely coming 

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together and connecting to one 
another, becoming entangled or 

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enmeshed. 
I think entangled is better. 

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This is becoming less and less 
of several different smaller 

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Game of Thrones playing out near
each other and all within the 

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Eastern Mediterranean. 
More of a tale about the Game of

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00:03:12,600 --> 00:03:14,800
Thrones of the Eastern 
Mediterranean. 

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In fact, in about 100 years, 
that's what the big players will

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be fighting over. 
Pretty much all of it as a 

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whole. 
Not always, but the pieces that 

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are getting fought over get 
larger and larger as these power

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structures grow and can be 
seized from within or without. 

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We are slowly but surely heading
there as well and having a hell 

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of a good time along the way. 
And this is all the more amazing

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because as I say this, the 
story's becoming tighter while 

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we're including more and more 
locations and places, which 

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usually that's not how it works.
Usually that makes the story 

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harder to follow. 
But all these people are coming 

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into the story and doing a lot 
of the same things, fighting for

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the same thing. 
So it's not as complicated as it

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might seem in that sense. 
There is no Tale of Three City 

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states without these other 
players. 

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We have to include them. 
We can't just focus on those 

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three because they're 
inextricably linked to all these

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00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:06,880
other things happening around 
them. 

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It's not just because it's fun, 
it's because it's relevant. 

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And well, if we're trying to do 
full coverage, well, that's what

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it comes down to. 
Persia wants peace in Greece for

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the purpose of starting their 
own wars using Greek 

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mercenaries. 
And if Persia isn't the most 

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powerful nation in play at this 
point, they're definitely the 

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richest. 
So the wishes of Artaxerxes the 

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second count for a lot, then 
he's an old man with a lot of 

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wishes. 
Many things are going to come to

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a head basically in this 
episode, including the head of a

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snake, literally. 
And metaphor. 

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All that and more on this 
episode of History of Westeros 

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Podcast. 
Hello and welcome back 

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00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:48,600
everybody. 
Part 4 of Game of Thrones at the

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end of Ancient Greece. 
Technically classical Greece, 

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but I've explained that before. 
Ancient Greece just sounds 

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cooler. 
We are here most Sundays at 3:00

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Eastern with a live stream, and 
that is the case for, like I 

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00:05:01,920 --> 00:05:04,520
said, most Sundays, unless we're
in ATV season, in which case we 

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00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:06,960
stream on Mondays. 
That'll be hot D season in a few

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00:05:06,960 --> 00:05:10,280
months, but here we are with 
book and historical topics 

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00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:13,760
moving forward as we always do. 
You can catch every video on 

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YouTube and on Spotify. 
You can catch the podcast 

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00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:20,920
version anywhere you find 
podcasts, and it's ad free on 

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00:05:20,920 --> 00:05:23,320
Patreon. 
If you have questions for us, 

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00:05:23,320 --> 00:05:26,960
comments, things you want to say
about this series, hit us up in 

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00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:28,560
any social media platform we're 
on. 

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00:05:28,560 --> 00:05:29,560
We're on pretty much all of 
them. 

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00:05:29,560 --> 00:05:32,280
Or you can e-mail us at 
westeroshistory@gmail.com. 

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Here's a trivia question. 
This is from a previous episode.

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I think the name will come up in
this episode, but maybe not. 

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Which geometry minded 
philosopher did Epaminondas and 

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his brother Cafesius follow the 
teachings of answer at the end? 

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Now you might be listening to 
part 4 right after Part 3. 

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I don't know when you're 
listening to this, but in real 

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life, Part 3 and Part four were 
separated by about six months 

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00:05:59,520 --> 00:06:01,800
because of the Night of the 
Seven Kingdoms Season 1. 

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So I'm going to give a little 
recap, which is probably useful 

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even to those of you who just 
heard Part 3, and as often as 

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possible if you're somewhat new 
to this. 

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00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:13,520
I relate the characters in this 
history to A Song of Ice and 

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Fire characters as much as 
possible because it's a shortcut

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to understanding who they are. 
But don't take that too far. 

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These characters are never going
to be carbon copies of their 

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Song of Ice and Fire parallels. 
Here's our sections for today. 

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The different parts we'll be 
covering mostly through the end 

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of the year 374 till near the 
end of the year 371. 

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We have invasion at last 100. 
The city states battle aisles, 

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not battle aisle, battle aisles,
Helica. 

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Then we'll go on to war declared
at the peace talks and the 

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00:06:46,040 --> 00:06:49,320
Battle of Lutra. 
It's a lot, not a lot of 

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different sections, but it's a 
lot of content. 

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Let's get to it, but first a 
quick poll. 

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I'm just curious you all. 
This isn't some sort of deep 

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cut, I'm just curious which 
city, state, slash nation have 

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00:06:59,920 --> 00:07:02,600
you been rooting for or you find
the most entertaining? 

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It doesn't mean you have to 
think they're the best or the 

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00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:08,400
most upright because that would 
make this a lot easier. 

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I think just the one you find 
the most entertaining. 

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The choices are well as usual. 
YouTube only gives us 4 choices 

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00:07:14,520 --> 00:07:17,160
so Athens, Sparta, Thebes, and 
Persia. 

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If you find one of the others 
more entertaining, type it in 

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00:07:20,480 --> 00:07:24,440
the comments and I'll be doing 
one for characters probably next

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time. 
Part 5. 

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And if you are catching this on 
Spotify, the poll is there too, 

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even though this is a live poll 
during the live stream, so let 

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us know what you think. 
In the North, many tribal states

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were turning into kingdoms, and 
those kingdoms were coalescing 

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into larger kingdoms. 
That's what happens, right? 

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Larger, powerful kingdoms, 
culturally similar to Greece, 

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but much more militant in terms 
of the everyday populace and 

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less advanced in terms of 
government and technology. 

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A bit like how the North and the
South differed after the Andals 

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were established. 
We have Tago's Jason Afire, 

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00:08:00,200 --> 00:08:03,360
effectively ruling Thessaly and 
possessing his own sort of 

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00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:07,040
Golden company on the payroll. 
We have King Amontos, the third 

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00:08:07,040 --> 00:08:09,800
of Macedonia, who was learning 
how to leverage the great and 

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00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:12,680
largely untouched natural 
resources of his Kingdom to 

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00:08:12,680 --> 00:08:14,800
increase his own power and that 
of his country. 

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00:08:15,400 --> 00:08:18,880
King Bardillos of Illyria, the 
guy who rose from coal miner, 

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kind of like the first faceless 
man, emerged in the minds of 

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00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:24,040
Valyria, kind of loosely like 
that. 

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But this man had a famous face. 
Everybody knew who he was, and 

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the great natural resource of 
his country wasn't coal, it was 

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warriors and also, yeah, 
pirates, who are kind of a 

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00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:37,440
subset. 
King Alcitas, the first of 

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molasses, the smallest of these 
kingdoms and the last I'm a name

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00:08:40,480 --> 00:08:45,360
for now, but from great and 
proud Olympian ancestry. 

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Now this guy made wise alliances
with the biggest players, Athens

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for one, and Jason of Mirai, 
which when you have powerful 

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00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:55,960
allies, being so small isn't 
such a big deal. 

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You can manage. 
You won't have to worry about 

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big picked on because you got 
big friends to come help you if 

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00:09:00,840 --> 00:09:02,240
need be. 
Now of course those big friends 

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00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:04,880
are going to want things from 
you too, so that's something to 

155
00:09:04,880 --> 00:09:07,320
worry about, but it's better 
than just getting overrun and 

156
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conquered. 
So these are players whose 

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nations were generally not 
players historically, as I said,

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00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:16,000
new players on the scene. 
And that's an interesting part 

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about this time of history. 
You have kingdoms and countries 

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00:09:19,360 --> 00:09:22,920
becoming players because they've
emerged out of that tribal state

161
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that allows them to play on this
stage, for better or worse. 

162
00:09:27,080 --> 00:09:29,400
We're not making a judgement 
here, It's just what happened. 

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00:09:30,080 --> 00:09:32,840
So it's interesting to see them 
go from pawn to player and to 

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00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:35,680
see if they can become major 
players or whether they just 

165
00:09:35,680 --> 00:09:39,800
fall back to pawn status or 
worse to fall back to nothing. 

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00:09:40,560 --> 00:09:44,080
Meanwhile, Persia and Egypt, 
well Egypt had undergone a civil

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00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:47,320
conflict won by Nectonabo the 
first, which is one of the 

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00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:50,240
cooler named Pharaohs. 
And Persia, well they could have

169
00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:52,880
taken advantage of that conflict
to re add it to their empire. 

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00:09:53,640 --> 00:09:56,920
Artaxerxes sent Farna Bezis, who
we've been calling Farna Bezis 

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00:09:56,920 --> 00:10:02,280
the paymaster and he was slow. 
He began preparations in like 

172
00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:05,800
380 or 379. 
Here we are 374, no invasion 

173
00:10:05,800 --> 00:10:08,640
yet. 
What his pace frustrated his 

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00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:11,680
allied Athenian general 
Ethicrites, who we call 

175
00:10:11,680 --> 00:10:14,640
Ethicrites the innovator. 
So the only thing of note that 

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00:10:14,760 --> 00:10:19,400
Farna Bezos had done in these 
six years besides get the army 

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00:10:19,640 --> 00:10:24,040
somewhat ready, was that he got 
Athens to recall Cabrius. 

178
00:10:24,240 --> 00:10:28,440
Cabrius, the guy who gave that 
famous at ease command when it 

179
00:10:28,440 --> 00:10:30,800
just allows his phalanx, was 
bearing right down on them 

180
00:10:31,360 --> 00:10:33,720
calling their bluff. 
Now this guy was working for 

181
00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:37,120
Egypt and Persia's like, hey, 
why do you have an Athenian 

182
00:10:37,120 --> 00:10:38,880
general working for Egypt? 
Get him out of there. 

183
00:10:38,880 --> 00:10:42,160
So that was the only thing they 
did was get Cabrias to go home. 

184
00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:45,960
And even that kind of backfired 
because Cabrias went and fought 

185
00:10:45,960 --> 00:10:50,520
against Sparta while Persia is 
trying to get Greece to be at 

186
00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:53,320
peace. 
So Cabrias returning home only 

187
00:10:53,320 --> 00:10:55,920
increased the confidence of 
Athens and and allowed them to 

188
00:10:55,920 --> 00:10:58,760
stand tall against Sparta 
instead of caving to some of 

189
00:10:58,760 --> 00:11:01,200
these peace demands. 
Meanwhile, Sparta itself was 

190
00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:04,920
nonplussed. 
They were all about the Athens 

191
00:11:04,920 --> 00:11:08,800
is so starved for a victory that
they get excited about a guy 

192
00:11:09,480 --> 00:11:13,520
caught saying at ease when no 
soldiers were actually killed. 

193
00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:16,120
Y'all, we were invading them. 
We were in their territory. 

194
00:11:16,120 --> 00:11:18,720
They didn't stop us. 
They just called our bluff. 

195
00:11:18,720 --> 00:11:20,520
Is that really some sort of 
great victory? 

196
00:11:20,520 --> 00:11:22,360
Come on guys, you're getting 
excited about nothing. 

197
00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:24,480
That's the Sparta attitude about
this. 

198
00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:26,120
Like not a single soldier was 
killed. 

199
00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:27,960
You guys are all proud of that. 
Come on. 

200
00:11:28,640 --> 00:11:33,040
But as you may recall from last 
time, this was followed up by 

201
00:11:33,040 --> 00:11:36,440
thieves under Palopitus in the 
Sacred band actually defeating 

202
00:11:36,440 --> 00:11:40,720
Sparta in the battle of Tagayra,
which is small battle, small 

203
00:11:40,720 --> 00:11:42,120
encounter, not a lot of 
soldiers. 

204
00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:46,320
But it was meaningful in that 
this had never happened before. 

205
00:11:46,320 --> 00:11:48,760
Sparta hadn't lost a land battle
of any size. 

206
00:11:48,760 --> 00:11:50,960
Now they still hadn't lost a set
piece battle. 

207
00:11:51,560 --> 00:11:53,480
We're going to have a set piece 
battle though today. 

208
00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,520
So maybe that will change, or 
maybe they will re establish the

209
00:11:56,520 --> 00:12:00,760
reputation as just basically 
unstoppable and this could just 

210
00:12:00,760 --> 00:12:04,160
be a blip on the on the radar, 
something that is easily 

211
00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:07,480
forgotten, but maybe not. 
And that one of the things that 

212
00:12:07,480 --> 00:12:10,320
made Tagira so shocking was not 
only was Sparta beaten, but they

213
00:12:10,320 --> 00:12:14,400
were beaten by a smaller army. 
So Thieves was building a 

214
00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:18,680
momentum of of bravery, pushing 
back against the myth of Spartan

215
00:12:18,680 --> 00:12:21,880
invincibility, and now had a 
test case to prove it to a 

216
00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:23,880
certain degree. 
And that high morale was going 

217
00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:26,160
to make it build on. 
But it's nothing if you don't 

218
00:12:26,160 --> 00:12:28,000
build on. 
If you don't have more 

219
00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:30,440
victories, then again that's 
just going to get forgotten and 

220
00:12:30,440 --> 00:12:32,760
become pretty irrelevant in the 
long run. 

221
00:12:33,400 --> 00:12:37,120
Athens was helping Thebes but 
Persia was saying hey guys, 

222
00:12:37,120 --> 00:12:40,600
peace, peace, we want all you in
Greece to stop fighting. 

223
00:12:41,320 --> 00:12:43,880
And now they preferred the 
Spartans to be in charge of 

224
00:12:43,880 --> 00:12:46,520
enforcing that peace because 
they were the most ideologically

225
00:12:46,520 --> 00:12:49,520
aligned. 
But overall peace was the most 

226
00:12:49,520 --> 00:12:51,680
important thing because they 
wanted to hire Greek 

227
00:12:51,680 --> 00:12:53,800
mercenaries. 
If Greek Greece is fighting 

228
00:12:53,800 --> 00:12:56,560
itself, well, we can't hire your
soldiers away to come fight for 

229
00:12:56,560 --> 00:12:59,080
us now can we? 
So there was a piece, it was 

230
00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:02,240
called the piece of 375. 
It was sort of a re 

231
00:13:02,240 --> 00:13:05,400
establishment of the piece of 
Antolsidas from 386. 

232
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:07,560
In this case it was a bit of a 
reset. 

233
00:13:07,560 --> 00:13:12,320
They were garrisons all over 
Greece and those like Spartan 

234
00:13:12,320 --> 00:13:15,760
garrisons in the even territory 
and in the reverse in some 

235
00:13:15,760 --> 00:13:17,480
cases. 
So all these were taken down. 

236
00:13:17,680 --> 00:13:20,280
Everybody kind of agreed, no 
more garrisons, let's kind of 

237
00:13:20,280 --> 00:13:21,480
reset. 
Everybody has their own 

238
00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:22,880
autonomy. 
That was part of the deal. 

239
00:13:23,200 --> 00:13:24,720
All these cities, states have 
their own autonomy. 

240
00:13:24,720 --> 00:13:26,640
But it wasn't really true, was 
it? 

241
00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:30,400
Sparta had to concede a lot of 
this because they had more 

242
00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:32,120
garrisons, more occupied 
territory. 

243
00:13:32,120 --> 00:13:35,560
So this benefited Thebes. 
And the fact that this was the 

244
00:13:35,560 --> 00:13:39,440
deal showed Sparta's loss of 
power, lost some authority, but 

245
00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:41,120
they were still in charge of the
peace. 

246
00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:43,200
Sparta still put them in charge 
of this. 

247
00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:47,920
And so the Thebons may be 
benefited a lot by the loss of 

248
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:52,680
Spartan garrisons, but still 
Sparta had the upper hand. 

249
00:13:52,680 --> 00:13:56,120
Overall, Athens loved this mode.
They may have benefited the most

250
00:13:56,120 --> 00:13:59,640
from this because the peace 
treaty said, hey, no more 

251
00:14:00,480 --> 00:14:03,600
leagues, no more alliances like 
that with it on land. 

252
00:14:03,600 --> 00:14:06,400
But they didn't forbid naval 
alliances. 

253
00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:08,960
And of Athens is like, well, 
that's our that's the top thing 

254
00:14:08,960 --> 00:14:12,640
we do. 
So they made a statue of peace, 

255
00:14:12,640 --> 00:14:15,320
a peace statue of marble. 
And this is the first time 

256
00:14:15,320 --> 00:14:19,560
they've ever done that, 
personifying peace as a being. 

257
00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:22,480
But the personification was 
wealth. 

258
00:14:24,320 --> 00:14:26,400
Like, yeah, peace. 
That means money. 

259
00:14:26,640 --> 00:14:30,800
Because allowing Athens's Navy 
to just go everywhere and trade 

260
00:14:30,800 --> 00:14:34,240
and start dominating the Aegean 
and met eastern Mediterranean 

261
00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:36,160
again was, well, they knew what 
was going to happen. 

262
00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:38,520
Athens. 
And they're like money, money, 

263
00:14:38,520 --> 00:14:41,880
money, money. 
The statue wasn't even finished 

264
00:14:41,880 --> 00:14:44,880
before the peace was broken. 
Y'all, to the surprise of 

265
00:14:44,880 --> 00:14:47,600
nobody. 
So again, Artaxerxes wanted all 

266
00:14:47,600 --> 00:14:49,640
of Greece to be at peace so he 
could hire their soldiers and be

267
00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:51,840
like, hey, I want to use your 
soldiers in Egypt. 

268
00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:56,000
But money, of course, money can 
be used a lot of ways, right? 

269
00:14:56,000 --> 00:15:00,760
It's not just about bribery. 
Persians were experts at all 

270
00:15:00,760 --> 00:15:02,760
these different ways of using 
money because they had so much 

271
00:15:02,760 --> 00:15:03,800
of it and had a little 
experience. 

272
00:15:04,360 --> 00:15:06,920
And one of the ways they can do 
this is you don't want my money,

273
00:15:06,920 --> 00:15:08,160
You're not willing to take my 
money. 

274
00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:11,240
You're not scared of my troops 
because they're 1500 miles away.

275
00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:14,400
OK, Fairpoint, well what if I 
give money to your next door 

276
00:15:14,400 --> 00:15:15,920
neighbor who hates you? 
Lots of money. 

277
00:15:16,160 --> 00:15:18,280
I also give them armor and 
swords and and things that you 

278
00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:20,040
would buy with money to start 
wars. 

279
00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:21,320
Maybe I'll give them 
mercenaries. 

280
00:15:21,320 --> 00:15:23,080
Maybe they have enough money 
with the money I give them to 

281
00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:25,920
hire their own mercenaries. 
That is not a problem you want 

282
00:15:25,920 --> 00:15:28,120
to have happen. 
That's a a use of Persian money 

283
00:15:28,120 --> 00:15:30,400
that. 
Well, it's better if you accept 

284
00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:33,800
their bribe than take that as a 
secondary result, right? 

285
00:15:34,080 --> 00:15:37,840
Right. 
This is the implied threat of 

286
00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:40,320
their unlimited wealth, 
basically at all times. 

287
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:43,800
But also, this is the ancient 
world, and things can move 

288
00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:49,240
slowly, given the vast 
differences in scale and time 

289
00:15:49,240 --> 00:15:51,640
and the sheer logistical 
challenges of communication and 

290
00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:54,680
in quality of information. 
But sometimes things move 

291
00:15:54,960 --> 00:15:57,880
surprisingly quickly because, 
again, this area of Greece is 

292
00:15:57,880 --> 00:16:01,800
small again. 
It's like one day to get from 

293
00:16:01,800 --> 00:16:05,480
Sparta to Athens. 
Now, here's a quick footnote 

294
00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:09,120
before we get into the meat of 
the story with grain, grain meat

295
00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:09,880
of the story. 
Get it? 

296
00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:13,280
Athens changed their grain taxes
around this time in 374. 

297
00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:14,240
And you're, you might be 
willing. 

298
00:16:14,240 --> 00:16:17,040
Well, who cares? 
Well, John said the same thing 

299
00:16:17,040 --> 00:16:20,920
to Sam when Sam was going off 
about, hey, these books tell us 

300
00:16:20,920 --> 00:16:22,840
what the Night's Watch eight, 
500 years ago. 

301
00:16:22,840 --> 00:16:25,360
And John's like, why the hell do
I care about that? 

302
00:16:25,920 --> 00:16:29,120
Well, it's very useful and and 
enlightening in fact. 

303
00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:31,920
And Sam explained why here. 
I will explain why it's useful 

304
00:16:31,920 --> 00:16:35,240
in this case, because the grain 
tax was on their allies, Athens 

305
00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:39,160
allies, in this case Skyros, 
Lemnos and Imbrose. 

306
00:16:39,760 --> 00:16:43,880
They own grain and barley and 
they have to give it to Athens 

307
00:16:43,880 --> 00:16:46,600
at very specific times. 
According to this deal, that 

308
00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:50,720
grain is then sold in Athens. 
They even denote exactly where 

309
00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:53,960
the grain is going to be stored.
That grain is then sold and the 

310
00:16:53,960 --> 00:16:58,840
profits to Athenians and the 
profits fund military actions. 

311
00:16:59,640 --> 00:17:01,400
The law. 
The law is very specific about 

312
00:17:01,400 --> 00:17:04,200
this, the percentages, who owes 
how much, how much grain, how 

313
00:17:04,200 --> 00:17:08,280
much barley, things like that. 
The reason we know this is 

314
00:17:08,280 --> 00:17:11,520
almost as interesting as the the
contents, the terms were carved 

315
00:17:11,520 --> 00:17:13,520
on a marble. 
Stella OK. 

316
00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:14,920
That's how a lot of these things
were done. 

317
00:17:14,920 --> 00:17:17,560
They wanted to give it a sense 
of permanence like a gravestone 

318
00:17:17,560 --> 00:17:19,640
or something like that. 
It's it's a lot more permanent, 

319
00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:21,760
even though, like we said, this 
didn't last. 

320
00:17:22,160 --> 00:17:24,040
I like a lot of things. 
I mean, this is just a tax. 

321
00:17:24,040 --> 00:17:26,880
I don't know actually when it 
ended, but anyway, at some point

322
00:17:26,880 --> 00:17:29,680
in history, we have no idea when
the marble Stella was taken 

323
00:17:29,680 --> 00:17:32,160
down. 
It was no longer valid that 

324
00:17:32,160 --> 00:17:34,240
grain tax, so it was probably 
just whatever. 

325
00:17:34,840 --> 00:17:38,560
In 1986, someone found it. 
Almost exactly 40 years ago, it 

326
00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:40,600
was found as part of a repair 
project. 

327
00:17:40,600 --> 00:17:43,080
Basically someone had taken it 
out of the ground and used it to

328
00:17:43,080 --> 00:17:47,520
patch up a section of wall near 
the Great Athenian Drain giant 

329
00:17:47,520 --> 00:17:51,120
drain they have. 
This is a 1.1m tall piece of 

330
00:17:51,120 --> 00:17:53,800
marble. 
So even though it's used in this

331
00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:56,520
drain where there's just been 
like maybe hundreds of years of 

332
00:17:56,520 --> 00:18:00,120
water flowing past it, you can 
read every single bit of the 

333
00:18:00,120 --> 00:18:03,120
text on this thing. 
Now recall they don't use dates.

334
00:18:03,120 --> 00:18:07,280
It doesn't say the year 373 BC. 
What do you mean BC before 

335
00:18:07,280 --> 00:18:09,120
Christ, who's Christ they'd be 
saying. 

336
00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:12,480
What does that mean? 
It says in the Archon ship of 

337
00:18:12,480 --> 00:18:17,040
Socratides mark on ships were a 
one year term, so it's narrowed 

338
00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:21,400
down quite well. 
But the actual first word of the

339
00:18:21,520 --> 00:18:27,120
inscription is gods. 
So thanks to whichever sculptor 

340
00:18:27,120 --> 00:18:29,760
carved that one. 
Because he clearly dug deep with

341
00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:31,920
his inscriptions. 
If if he hadn't if he had 

342
00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:34,760
shallowly carved it, it probably
would have been wiped out by the

343
00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:36,600
water damage anyway. 
I thought that was cool. 

344
00:18:37,360 --> 00:18:42,600
King of Vega, King Evegoris of 
Cyprus and his son Penintegoris 

345
00:18:42,720 --> 00:18:46,520
were assassinated in this year. 
This was a Kingdom that had long

346
00:18:46,520 --> 00:18:50,400
staved off Persian dominance 
that often allied with Egypt 

347
00:18:50,400 --> 00:18:53,120
because Egypt was also trying to
stave off Persian dominus. 

348
00:18:53,120 --> 00:18:55,560
You know, your enemy enemy, your
enemies my friend, that kind of 

349
00:18:55,560 --> 00:18:57,080
thing. 
They're all so close to each 

350
00:18:57,080 --> 00:18:59,160
other. 
Cyprus is an island, Egypt is 

351
00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:02,680
just S etcetera. 
Now this was a very virus like 

352
00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:05,720
thing that happened because the 
murder was perpetrated by the 

353
00:19:05,720 --> 00:19:09,440
court eunuch named Thresidaeus. 
Well, we don't know what 

354
00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:12,080
happened to Thrazadaus, whether 
he got away with it or not, but 

355
00:19:13,280 --> 00:19:17,040
King of Vegoris's second son or 
third son younger son was put on

356
00:19:17,040 --> 00:19:21,400
the throne. 
Nicocles, historians and people 

357
00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:25,320
of the time, contemporaries all 
seem to agree that Nicocles had 

358
00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:27,680
nothing to do with this. 
This was all the court eunuchs. 

359
00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:32,960
Thrasadaus who just switched to 
is in charge and maybe benefited

360
00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:35,120
from the new ruler. 
It's kind of hard to imagine 

361
00:19:35,120 --> 00:19:39,440
that Nicocles would allow this 
man to live, but I guess he 

362
00:19:39,440 --> 00:19:42,200
wouldn't have done it if he 
didn't think he had a success. 

363
00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,480
A good chance of success. 
I don't know, it's it. 

364
00:19:44,480 --> 00:19:48,760
We don't get a lot of details on
this, but hard to not connect it

365
00:19:48,800 --> 00:19:52,440
to virus right at court. 
Eunuch murdering the king and 

366
00:19:52,440 --> 00:19:57,160
his heir to bring his own 
candidate in like Aegon the 6th 

367
00:19:57,160 --> 00:20:00,680
perhaps Young Griff, right? 
So Nicocles continues his 

368
00:20:00,680 --> 00:20:03,560
father's pattern of Hellenizing 
Cyprus. 

369
00:20:03,560 --> 00:20:05,840
Hellenizing basically means 
making it more Greek. 

370
00:20:06,440 --> 00:20:10,080
Historians and contemporaries 
agree that this is also 

371
00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:12,560
something that was very common 
in this era. 

372
00:20:12,680 --> 00:20:15,720
Hellenizing was going on a lot 
and it's not hard to see why 

373
00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:22,040
people liked Greek culture like 
the northern city States and 

374
00:20:22,040 --> 00:20:24,520
countries, kingdoms, whatever 
you call them, depending on 

375
00:20:24,520 --> 00:20:26,480
which is which. 
Thessaly, Illyria, Macedonia, 

376
00:20:26,480 --> 00:20:28,680
they're all getting Hellenized. 
They're all becoming more and 

377
00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:30,240
more Greek. 
Some of them were kind of Greek 

378
00:20:30,240 --> 00:20:32,520
to begin with. 
And you can see why it's spread,

379
00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:36,320
as I said, because democracy, 
art like these are, it's just 

380
00:20:36,320 --> 00:20:39,120
basically freedom, right? 
Of course that appeals. 

381
00:20:39,360 --> 00:20:43,440
Even though it's old democracy 
where it's just for men, just 

382
00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:46,600
for land, that's still better. 
That's still an improvement from

383
00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:50,080
everyone is subject to one 
authority figure, like a king. 

384
00:20:50,080 --> 00:20:51,280
Like that's still an 
improvement. 

385
00:20:51,280 --> 00:20:53,560
It's, it's a, it's a ways away 
from where we're all trying to 

386
00:20:53,560 --> 00:20:57,120
be as a society, even in modern 
times, But it's a step in the 

387
00:20:57,120 --> 00:20:58,880
right direction, or maybe 
several steps. 

388
00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:03,000
The Greeks constantly look at 
Persia and denigrate Persians as

389
00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:05,560
slaves to their great king. 
Like all you guys are slaves. 

390
00:21:05,560 --> 00:21:06,800
You don't have to bow and 
prostate. 

391
00:21:06,800 --> 00:21:09,680
You're all slaves. 
And that's a thing, which is 

392
00:21:09,680 --> 00:21:13,520
ironic because even Greek 
Democrats owned slaves for the 

393
00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:16,480
most part. 
So but if you're out here 

394
00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:19,400
denigrating people for living 
under a king, then it just 

395
00:21:19,400 --> 00:21:22,880
follows that you're going to 
build yourself up for and, and 

396
00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:26,360
be proud of being free Democrats
in this era. 

397
00:21:26,600 --> 00:21:29,160
And more people are going to go 
like, yeah, I want that. 

398
00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:31,520
I want freedom. 
I want, I don't want to be a 

399
00:21:31,520 --> 00:21:34,480
slave, you know, using the 
euphemism of slave because they 

400
00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:37,280
obviously no one literally wants
to be an actual slave. 

401
00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:41,000
So, yeah, I mean, early 
democracies weren't inclusive. 

402
00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:44,000
Like I said, women didn't have 
much power. 

403
00:21:44,120 --> 00:21:46,480
They did sometimes ownership was
tricky. 

404
00:21:47,040 --> 00:21:49,880
But, you know, you got to start 
somewhere. 

405
00:21:49,880 --> 00:21:53,120
And This is why a lot of people 
even to this day say Greece was 

406
00:21:53,120 --> 00:21:57,960
the place of democracy was born.
It's pretty much true. 

407
00:21:57,960 --> 00:21:59,960
It's certainly very different 
from ours, but we wouldn't be 

408
00:21:59,960 --> 00:22:02,760
where we are now without that. 
I suppose maybe some things 

409
00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:03,920
would have been different, but 
who knows. 

410
00:22:03,920 --> 00:22:07,240
Anyway, other reasons why Greek 
culture spread so much besides 

411
00:22:07,240 --> 00:22:12,360
this appeal is Persia. 
They accidentally spread 

412
00:22:12,360 --> 00:22:16,320
Hellenization even as they were 
trying to Persianize everything 

413
00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:19,280
with their huge empire. 
And why? 

414
00:22:19,480 --> 00:22:20,760
Well, we've already been over 
it. 

415
00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:23,360
We just didn't at speak to this 
aspect of it. 

416
00:22:23,360 --> 00:22:25,720
What have I been saying? 
For episode after episode, the 

417
00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:29,160
Persians continuously hired 
Greek mercenaries to fight their

418
00:22:29,160 --> 00:22:31,800
battles for them. 
So you constantly have Greek 

419
00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:35,600
soldiers hanging out with 
Persian soldiers. 

420
00:22:35,600 --> 00:22:39,080
And this soldiers are sometimes 
there's a language barrier, but 

421
00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:41,720
they're like they learn things 
like wait, you don't have to bow

422
00:22:41,720 --> 00:22:44,520
before a before anyone. 
You don't bow to anyone. 

423
00:22:44,520 --> 00:22:47,360
Wait, no, but you literally 
don't bow to a single person, 

424
00:22:47,360 --> 00:22:48,880
even the people who are your 
leaders. 

425
00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:51,840
Whoa, you don't have. 
Wait, you don't actually have a 

426
00:22:51,840 --> 00:22:53,480
king at all? 
OK, I don't get that. 

427
00:22:53,480 --> 00:22:56,240
There's no king. 
Sparta has 2 kings. 

428
00:22:56,240 --> 00:22:59,320
OK, that's weird. 
Wait, how small is your name? 

429
00:22:59,320 --> 00:23:02,200
You're that small you guys can 
walk from? 

430
00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:04,360
That's crazy. 
They're used to Persia being 

431
00:23:04,360 --> 00:23:06,360
gigantic, right? 
Everything about this is 

432
00:23:06,360 --> 00:23:09,320
different to them. 
You guys discuss how to spend 

433
00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:13,640
taxes, discuss the king. 
Just you discuss it. 

434
00:23:13,640 --> 00:23:18,600
It's open to debate. 
What's a citizen, What's a 

435
00:23:18,640 --> 00:23:20,240
public forum? 
Tell me about that. 

436
00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:21,960
What does that mean? 
What is public? 

437
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:26,280
What is forum right? 
Even modern countries and to in 

438
00:23:26,840 --> 00:23:30,280
current times, try to keep their
soldiers away from, you know, 

439
00:23:30,280 --> 00:23:32,600
ideas. 
North Korea is a great idea. 

440
00:23:32,600 --> 00:23:36,160
What a what a place that's just 
completely cut off from the rest

441
00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:38,840
of the world as much as possible
to control the TV, the radio, 

442
00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:42,240
Internet, everything is highly 
controlled. 

443
00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:45,800
Propaganda is really effective 
when there's no other source of 

444
00:23:45,800 --> 00:23:48,160
ideas. 
The only ideas you get about 

445
00:23:48,160 --> 00:23:49,840
everything are coming from one 
source. 

446
00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:52,120
It's pretty hard to have 
alternative considerations 

447
00:23:52,120 --> 00:23:54,400
there, isn't it? 
Like, you know the truth. 

448
00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:58,440
So in the longer term, this is 
going to lead to things like the

449
00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:01,760
Unsullied, the rural world 
equivalent of the Unsullied. 

450
00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:04,640
That's how you keep people from 
getting ideas in the long term, 

451
00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:08,200
is you train them brutally from 
the moment they're born to 

452
00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:11,240
believe one set of things and to
reject anything else. 

453
00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:14,880
It's awfully effective because 
of how children are, and it's 

454
00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:17,000
terrible. 
You do this with foreign slaves.

455
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:19,040
So they don't even have a 
connection to the culture that 

456
00:24:19,040 --> 00:24:21,960
they belong in yet. 
They're paid like regulars so 

457
00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:25,160
they still have an existence to 
be proud of in a certain sense, 

458
00:24:25,720 --> 00:24:27,880
even though it's bizarre and and
twisted. 

459
00:24:28,280 --> 00:24:30,360
Some of you may recognize what 
I'm that I'm talking about the 

460
00:24:30,360 --> 00:24:36,040
Janissaries who were both mostly
Christian children taken and 

461
00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:39,640
enslaved and turned in 
Janissaries who this white army 

462
00:24:40,040 --> 00:24:43,720
in Muslim countries that are 
deadly and dangerous. 

463
00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:45,720
I'm getting a bit off topic here
because the Janissaries didn't 

464
00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:49,360
come along until the 1300s. 
So we got 1600 years before that

465
00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:51,720
develops. 
But still, this is the outset of

466
00:24:51,720 --> 00:24:54,080
things like slavery. 
When you're when you're losing, 

467
00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:56,400
you get more extreme with your 
methods. 

468
00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:58,440
And you know, some of those 
things are already happening 

469
00:24:58,440 --> 00:25:01,600
here because Greek ideas were 
starting to spread to Persians 

470
00:25:01,600 --> 00:25:02,920
and Persians were starting to be
like him. 

471
00:25:03,040 --> 00:25:05,440
Hmm, freedom, eh, democracy, eh,
hmm. 

472
00:25:06,560 --> 00:25:08,280
And Artaxerxes is like, no, shut
that down. 

473
00:25:08,360 --> 00:25:11,280
But he still hired Greek 
mercenaries who would in 

474
00:25:11,280 --> 00:25:13,520
thousands and thousands who 
would spread the ideas. 

475
00:25:13,520 --> 00:25:18,040
So yeah, now what happens when 
Spartan or Athenian or Theban 

476
00:25:18,040 --> 00:25:21,920
Greek leadership styles are put 
alongside Persian leadership 

477
00:25:21,920 --> 00:25:23,720
styles? 
What happens when Persian 

478
00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:27,600
officers are sat next to Greek 
military officers? 

479
00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:29,760
Their styles are very different,
their cultures are very 

480
00:25:29,760 --> 00:25:32,360
different. 
If you thought I can see some 

481
00:25:32,360 --> 00:25:35,280
friction developing, you are 
correct. 

482
00:25:37,400 --> 00:25:41,560
Invasion at last. 
After all that six years plus of

483
00:25:41,560 --> 00:25:46,640
development, Farna Bezus was 
finally about ready to invade 

484
00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:48,720
Egypt with his giant Persian 
army. 

485
00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:53,280
If Ficrites, the Greek general 
mercenary general wondered aloud

486
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:56,720
at one point to Farna Bezis how 
it is that you can be so good at

487
00:25:56,720 --> 00:26:00,360
talking and negotiating, yet so 
slow with your actions? 

488
00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:03,560
He said this out loud. 
Farna Bezis replied. 

489
00:26:03,560 --> 00:26:08,440
Well, that's because Farna Bezis
is in control of the words of 

490
00:26:08,440 --> 00:26:12,480
Farna Bezis, but Artaxerxes is 
in control of the actions of 

491
00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:15,680
Barnabas, so he basically blamed
the Great King for his slowness.

492
00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:20,120
I don't know if it's true, but 
it very well could be. 

493
00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:23,760
However, later events are going 
to show that maybe Farnabasis 

494
00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:28,200
was shifting blame unjustly. 
And as usual, these quotes are 

495
00:26:28,200 --> 00:26:30,600
not likely to be directly 
genuine. 

496
00:26:30,920 --> 00:26:34,800
Rather, they're meant to express
the general difficulty between 

497
00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:39,040
these leaders that historians 
have put some words into, Right?

498
00:26:39,040 --> 00:26:42,000
They've added some dialogue 
where we don't actually know the

499
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:43,960
exact words. 
But this is basically what 

500
00:26:43,960 --> 00:26:46,800
happened. 
And this is an irony too, right?

501
00:26:46,800 --> 00:26:50,000
If thicker Tees is Athenian 
democracies are known for 

502
00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:53,360
getting bogged down, right? 
Too many opinions, mob rule, 

503
00:26:53,360 --> 00:26:55,480
propaganda, shifting opinion 
when it shouldn't. 

504
00:26:56,120 --> 00:26:59,160
Decisions often don't come until
a lot of talking happens, even 

505
00:26:59,160 --> 00:27:01,120
in the better cases. 
Now, if you ask me, this is 

506
00:27:01,120 --> 00:27:04,200
still way better than oligarchy 
or monarchy, but we can be 

507
00:27:04,200 --> 00:27:06,080
honest about some of the 
downsides, right? 

508
00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:11,000
But if thicker Tees is also cell
sword, the armies don't act 

509
00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:14,280
under democracies. 
They may be the democracy may 

510
00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:17,440
vote on who they fight, but not 
the tactics. 

511
00:27:17,440 --> 00:27:19,480
Once the war begins. 
That's the matter of the 

512
00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:22,160
commander authorities structures
change in that situation. 

513
00:27:22,360 --> 00:27:25,640
But still, it's funny that the 
Democrat is the one saying, you 

514
00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:29,160
guys are slow get it going, you 
know? 

515
00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:33,680
And this is, again, men from 
diametrically opposed cultures 

516
00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:35,440
working together just doesn't 
always work. 

517
00:27:35,440 --> 00:27:37,760
We might see this in The Song of
Ice and Fire if we haven't 

518
00:27:37,760 --> 00:27:41,720
already. 
Like Jon Snow adapting to having

519
00:27:41,720 --> 00:27:44,520
free folk on his side. 
Like you can't talk to them the 

520
00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:45,760
same way. 
You can't deal with them the 

521
00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:47,440
same way. 
And his own people hate those 

522
00:27:47,440 --> 00:27:49,600
guys. 
So you got to soothe over that 

523
00:27:49,600 --> 00:27:51,080
friction. 
And that's a thing too. 

524
00:27:51,480 --> 00:27:54,480
A lot of Persians just hate 
Greeks and vice versa, yet here 

525
00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:56,640
they are having to work together
because their commanders say so.

526
00:27:56,640 --> 00:27:58,680
So you guys smooth that over. 
There's lots of little things 

527
00:27:58,680 --> 00:28:00,880
from the high level to the low 
level that don't necessarily 

528
00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:04,960
work unless you are ahead of the
game, you know, making sure 

529
00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:08,520
these things don't happen. 
So to be fair, this was a 

530
00:28:08,560 --> 00:28:12,320
monstrous army. 
Egypt is Egypt in part because 

531
00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:15,280
it has very distinct natural 
borders. 

532
00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:17,600
Now, monster, what I mean by 
that is monstrous army, Yeah, 

533
00:28:17,600 --> 00:28:19,040
that's hard to move a monster's 
army. 

534
00:28:19,240 --> 00:28:22,920
We're talking 200,000 soldiers 
here, 500 ships. 

535
00:28:23,040 --> 00:28:25,160
Yeah, That's bigger than 
anything we've seen in the Song 

536
00:28:25,160 --> 00:28:28,600
of Ice and Fire. 
So those natural borders of 

537
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:31,200
Egypt, they're very defensible. 
A lot of them, especially the 

538
00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:33,600
ones the Persians and Greek 
mercenaries had to get past. 

539
00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:36,360
So they weren't going to try a 
straight land invasion. 

540
00:28:36,360 --> 00:28:39,600
They weren't just going to try 
crossing from modern Syria into 

541
00:28:40,560 --> 00:28:42,240
Egypt. 
That's just too hard, too many 

542
00:28:42,240 --> 00:28:45,440
rivers to cross, too difficult. 
It's ridiculously hard. 

543
00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:47,320
Other people have tried, it 
failed. 

544
00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:49,400
Other people are going to try it
again later and will fail. 

545
00:28:50,160 --> 00:28:52,080
These guys at least didn't try 
that. 

546
00:28:52,080 --> 00:28:53,960
They had a different plan. 
They, they were going to sail 

547
00:28:53,960 --> 00:28:57,960
from north of Cyprus the in the 
eastern Mediterranean past it to

548
00:28:57,960 --> 00:29:01,880
get to Egypt and drop their drop
their soldiers off on land 

549
00:29:01,880 --> 00:29:04,080
rather than try to fight their 
way over the river. 

550
00:29:04,880 --> 00:29:07,760
The Nile has seven mouths. 
It's huge, right? 

551
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:11,400
Each has a city with fortified 
towers guarding that mouth. 

552
00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:18,240
So it is also well defended. 
Now he dug new channels and he 

553
00:29:18,280 --> 00:29:24,280
meaning neck to Nabo and he was 
as defence, but also the 

554
00:29:24,280 --> 00:29:27,800
Persians were making channels to
to try to help land in different

555
00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:29,200
spots and connect their 
soldiers. 

556
00:29:29,640 --> 00:29:34,080
This was insufficient though, 
because 200,000 soldiers, well, 

557
00:29:34,520 --> 00:29:36,720
it's enormous, right? 
And they're not all going to 

558
00:29:36,720 --> 00:29:39,480
necessarily land in one place. 
And neck to Nabo the fair is 

559
00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:41,800
like, well, we're going to try 
to defend our shores, but we 

560
00:29:41,800 --> 00:29:43,560
have no idea where they're going
to land. 

561
00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:46,880
They could land anywhere. 
It's it would be a lot easier if

562
00:29:46,880 --> 00:29:49,520
they were just trying to cross 
over the eastern border here. 

563
00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:51,280
We'd know exactly where they're 
coming from but no, they could 

564
00:29:51,280 --> 00:29:54,680
land anywhere. 
So they just did as what they 

565
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:57,120
could. 
And something else familiar from

566
00:29:57,120 --> 00:29:59,240
A Song of Icewood Fire, You know
how the Ironborn are often 

567
00:29:59,240 --> 00:30:02,360
sighted before they attack 
because they don't sail really 

568
00:30:02,360 --> 00:30:04,160
far out. 
They stick close to shore. 

569
00:30:04,840 --> 00:30:07,720
Euron's surprise attack worked 
particularly well because they 

570
00:30:07,720 --> 00:30:09,520
didn't do that. 
They were out to sea where no 

571
00:30:09,520 --> 00:30:12,600
one could see them, and then 
they come in really quickly, so 

572
00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:15,600
there's no advance warning. 
This is what happens here as 

573
00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:18,960
well. 
The Greek and Persian ships 

574
00:30:18,960 --> 00:30:22,160
stayed far out to sea so that 
the Egyptians couldn't spot 

575
00:30:22,160 --> 00:30:23,720
them, so they had no idea where 
they were going to land. 

576
00:30:24,440 --> 00:30:27,480
So at last it it actually 
happened during this brief time 

577
00:30:27,640 --> 00:30:31,480
where Greece was in that brief 
peace. 

578
00:30:31,480 --> 00:30:34,640
The statue wasn't finished. 
They're still like, hey, Athens 

579
00:30:34,640 --> 00:30:38,160
is tired of helping thieves get 
bigger, so they're going to back

580
00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:40,760
out, do their own thing. 
They agreed to the peace terms. 

581
00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:43,480
Sparta and thieves are still 
kind of fighting a little bit, 

582
00:30:43,480 --> 00:30:45,120
but mostly at this point, 
they're just jockeying for 

583
00:30:45,120 --> 00:30:46,400
position. 
There's not a lot of actual 

584
00:30:46,400 --> 00:30:47,560
fighting. 
You know that it's going to come

585
00:30:47,560 --> 00:30:50,000
back any minute now, but at this
point it hadn't yet. 

586
00:30:50,280 --> 00:30:53,880
So the Egyptian invasion 
actually happened during that 

587
00:30:53,880 --> 00:30:58,000
brief interim, and they attacked
what's called the Mendesian 

588
00:30:58,000 --> 00:30:59,120
mouth. 
That's one of the seven 

589
00:30:59,120 --> 00:31:01,760
fortified mouths. 
This was close at first. 

590
00:31:01,760 --> 00:31:03,320
The battle was, but the Persian 
numbered. 

591
00:31:03,320 --> 00:31:04,280
There were just too many of 
them. 

592
00:31:04,440 --> 00:31:06,520
They really concentrated a lot 
of guys there. 

593
00:31:06,640 --> 00:31:10,800
And the defenders didn't have 
time to bring other guys in to 

594
00:31:10,800 --> 00:31:13,600
help because again, they were 
very spread thin, not knowing 

595
00:31:13,600 --> 00:31:15,320
where the Persians were going to
attack. 

596
00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:19,600
So the defenders fled the 
outside and and got inside the 

597
00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:22,520
city, leaving their fortified 
towers. 

598
00:31:22,880 --> 00:31:25,120
The tower was destroyed. 
Those who didn't escape were 

599
00:31:25,120 --> 00:31:27,200
enslaved. 
Standard operating procedure. 

600
00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:30,480
So remember that foreign basis 
earlier tried to blame our 

601
00:31:30,480 --> 00:31:31,920
deserxes. 
And I said that there was an 

602
00:31:31,920 --> 00:31:34,080
example that showed maybe it 
wasn't our Deserxes's fault 

603
00:31:34,080 --> 00:31:36,560
where here we go. 
The thicker tea is of course, 

604
00:31:36,560 --> 00:31:39,560
very active, very energetic, 
ready to make moves. 

605
00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:43,640
He discovered on his own with 
his scouts and soldiers that the

606
00:31:43,640 --> 00:31:46,360
city of Memphis was poorly 
defended and they could get 

607
00:31:46,360 --> 00:31:49,480
there real fast. 
Farna Beza said, OK, good idea, 

608
00:31:49,480 --> 00:31:52,520
but let's wait for the rest of 
our huge army to land so we can 

609
00:31:52,520 --> 00:31:54,800
bring them too. 
Ficrete has responded. 

610
00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:58,520
Did you hear me? 
I said Memphis, the most 

611
00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:02,320
important military strategic 
city in Egypt. 

612
00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:04,720
Did you also hear me when I said
undefended? 

613
00:32:05,280 --> 00:32:10,480
We do not need more men. 
If we wait, we might, because 

614
00:32:10,480 --> 00:32:12,160
they will defend it. 
They're not going to sit here 

615
00:32:12,160 --> 00:32:14,440
and leave that undefended for 
very long. 

616
00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:18,360
Our opportunity is now in front 
of bases, Said. 

617
00:32:18,360 --> 00:32:24,680
OK, All right, Well, no. 
So the ficardy said, dude, all 

618
00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:29,160
right, just give me the Greek 
mercenaries, full command of 

619
00:32:29,160 --> 00:32:30,160
them. 
I'll do it. 

620
00:32:30,160 --> 00:32:33,200
I'll do it right now. 
You don't have to risk anything.

621
00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:35,360
Let me go take care of it. 
In front of bases is like, 

622
00:32:35,920 --> 00:32:38,800
what's this guy's angle? 
Is he trying to take this for 

623
00:32:38,800 --> 00:32:40,120
himself? 
He's trying to conquer Egypt for

624
00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:41,960
himself. 
That's a pretty paranoid 

625
00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:44,040
thought, but it's apparently the
thought he had. 

626
00:32:44,680 --> 00:32:47,720
Now, a Greek mercenary commander
making himself pharaoh isn't 

627
00:32:47,720 --> 00:32:51,040
that crazy, But it's it's pretty
crazy. 

628
00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:57,200
It's mostly paranoia on Farna 
Basis's side, as I'm saying. 

629
00:32:57,480 --> 00:33:00,720
Or just he didn't like him and 
just said no because he didn't 

630
00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:01,920
like him. 
Either way, it was a no. 

631
00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:05,960
So the remainder of the Persian 
army slowly arrives. 

632
00:33:05,960 --> 00:33:07,440
They begin their inward 
progress. 

633
00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:11,080
But hey, what's this? 
Memphis is now defended. 

634
00:33:11,080 --> 00:33:14,600
Who could have seen that coming?
Oh, and they've increased to 

635
00:33:14,600 --> 00:33:16,480
Ford V. 
They've added to the defenses. 

636
00:33:16,480 --> 00:33:17,920
Gosh, I didn't see that coming 
either. 

637
00:33:17,920 --> 00:33:22,320
And Ficrites is like I told you,
I told you, it's so obvious. 

638
00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:24,040
This isn't, this is common 
sense, man. 

639
00:33:24,040 --> 00:33:27,600
This isn't some deep strategy. 
This was terrible for morale. 

640
00:33:28,160 --> 00:33:32,800
All the other Persian commanders
were kind of on the side of a 

641
00:33:32,800 --> 00:33:34,240
Ficrites. 
But because of their system, 

642
00:33:34,240 --> 00:33:35,720
they're not going to voice these
things. 

643
00:33:35,880 --> 00:33:38,800
You know, they don't, they don't
talk back to leadership as much 

644
00:33:38,960 --> 00:33:42,600
in Persia as they do in Greece. 
So what does Farna Basis do? 

645
00:33:42,600 --> 00:33:45,640
He starts to shift blame. 
He's like, oh, well, you know, 

646
00:33:45,640 --> 00:33:47,600
it was this guy's fault. 
This guy's fault. 

647
00:33:48,360 --> 00:33:50,440
Either way, morale's terrible. 
The persons are like, they know 

648
00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:52,000
better. 
They're not speaking out. 

649
00:33:52,040 --> 00:33:55,680
But since and since they're not 
allowed to speak out, this 

650
00:33:56,080 --> 00:33:59,840
allows the higher officers to 
believe that people are 

651
00:33:59,840 --> 00:34:01,440
listening to them. 
They're like, yeah, well, they 

652
00:34:01,440 --> 00:34:03,520
believe me when I say it's 
somebody else's fault because 

653
00:34:03,520 --> 00:34:05,280
they didn't complain. 
How would you know they're not 

654
00:34:05,280 --> 00:34:09,159
allowed to complain So they can.
The Persians are like, yeah, 

655
00:34:09,159 --> 00:34:10,719
this is bad. 
We're not going to get more 

656
00:34:10,719 --> 00:34:13,040
territory. 
This this campaign has been run 

657
00:34:13,040 --> 00:34:15,560
poorly. 
And guess what happens? 

658
00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:19,239
The natural defenses of Egypt 
prove even mightier than the 

659
00:34:19,239 --> 00:34:21,120
soldiery, which they should have
seen coming. 

660
00:34:21,120 --> 00:34:24,360
Egypt has been around a while. 
As you guys know, it's not a 

661
00:34:24,360 --> 00:34:27,080
young country. 
It's older than Persia, older 

662
00:34:27,080 --> 00:34:30,520
than Greece by a lot. 
Why is this region so fertile? 

663
00:34:30,960 --> 00:34:35,440
Why is it 300 years later that 
this region feeds Rome? 

664
00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:39,600
Because it's so fertile. 
And it's so fertile because it 

665
00:34:39,600 --> 00:34:44,600
floods frequently, seasonally. 
And this happened at this time. 

666
00:34:44,600 --> 00:34:47,600
All of a sudden the Persian 
army's like it's no longer 

667
00:34:47,600 --> 00:34:49,080
fortifications we have to get 
past. 

668
00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:53,000
It's knee deep water. 
At least, you know, you can't 

669
00:34:53,040 --> 00:34:54,960
take an army through that. 
Where are you going to camp? 

670
00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:56,080
Where are you going to rest? 
Where? 

671
00:34:56,159 --> 00:35:01,240
Yeah, it's it's a disaster. 
And they were expecting to eat 

672
00:35:01,600 --> 00:35:05,360
Egyptian conquered food, but now
they got to ship more food in 

673
00:35:05,360 --> 00:35:07,520
from elsewhere. 
The campaign gets way more 

674
00:35:07,520 --> 00:35:09,400
expensive. 
That's a lot of soldiers they're

675
00:35:09,400 --> 00:35:12,880
having to feed. 
So neck to Nabo was victorious 

676
00:35:12,880 --> 00:35:15,640
and it looked really bad. 
It looked like he was going to 

677
00:35:15,640 --> 00:35:19,040
lose. 
But he also did so much. 

678
00:35:19,040 --> 00:35:21,080
He tried really hard even though
it was grim. 

679
00:35:21,240 --> 00:35:24,120
And that turned out to give him 
a lot of credibility because 

680
00:35:24,120 --> 00:35:26,760
they not the common citizen 
doesn't necessarily know what 

681
00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:28,720
we're talking about now. 
They don't necessarily know how 

682
00:35:28,720 --> 00:35:31,560
close it was or how they really 
should have lost. 

683
00:35:31,560 --> 00:35:34,640
It was just a bad generalship on
Farnabez's part. 

684
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:38,840
But it looks like to them, like 
to a lot of Egyptians, like 

685
00:35:38,840 --> 00:35:42,400
Nectanebo did all the right 
things and makes it seem like 

686
00:35:42,400 --> 00:35:45,400
the gods favored him. 
He had just won a won a civil 

687
00:35:45,400 --> 00:35:47,920
struggle, and this kind of 
proved that he was the right 

688
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:49,880
guy. 
He defeated the rival dynasty, 

689
00:35:49,880 --> 00:35:52,920
and now he defeated Persia. 
OK, we picked the right guy. 

690
00:35:52,920 --> 00:35:57,000
We backed the right horse. 
So Necta Nabo, what had, you 

691
00:35:57,000 --> 00:36:00,600
know that what you call 
basically the right to rule. 

692
00:36:00,600 --> 00:36:03,240
Everybody was behind him at this
point, about as much as he could

693
00:36:03,240 --> 00:36:05,520
be. 
The ficcates now wasn't just 

694
00:36:05,520 --> 00:36:09,360
clever in war and with 
inventions and with politics. 

695
00:36:09,760 --> 00:36:12,520
He's just clever. 
He understood the nature of 

696
00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:15,840
powerful, proud Persians like 
Farna Bases, the paymaster. 

697
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:18,920
I don't know how well he 
understood alliteration, but he 

698
00:36:18,920 --> 00:36:21,840
had a feeling he would be 
scapegoated because he was the 

699
00:36:21,840 --> 00:36:23,320
one who had it right. 
He's like, well, this guy hates 

700
00:36:23,320 --> 00:36:24,800
me. 
I'm the one who had it right. 

701
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:29,280
The best thing for him to do is 
to scapegoat me to minimize his 

702
00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:32,800
embarrassment. 
He also recalled the lesson of 

703
00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:36,560
Conan, father of Timotheus. 
Conan worked with Farna Bezis 

704
00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:40,000
and as a Greek mercenary slash 
general of Athens and was 

705
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:43,280
betrayed and ended up dying. 
The ficker is like, I'm not 

706
00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:46,560
going to let that happen to me. 
So rather than be sacrificed for

707
00:36:46,560 --> 00:36:49,440
another man's failures, he snuck
off into the night like Edrick 

708
00:36:49,440 --> 00:36:53,720
Storm on a single ship. 
And Farna Bezis found out, you 

709
00:36:53,760 --> 00:36:57,840
know, the next day or two and 
sent his own ship to Athens to 

710
00:36:57,840 --> 00:37:00,040
complain. 
And the complaint was, hey, 

711
00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:02,600
that's the guy who ruined my 
Egyptian campaign. 

712
00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:05,480
It's all his fault. 
And now you're letting him get 

713
00:37:05,480 --> 00:37:07,080
away with it. 
That's why he's running away, 

714
00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:09,880
because he doesn't want to take 
responsibility for what he did 

715
00:37:10,400 --> 00:37:14,120
give him back. 
Athens treated this a lot like 

716
00:37:14,120 --> 00:37:16,720
Sparta treated the affairs of 
Foibidas and Phodrias. 

717
00:37:16,720 --> 00:37:18,520
They're like, oh, yeah, we'll, 
we'll punish him. 

718
00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:21,240
Definitely we will. 
We'll hold a trial and we'll do 

719
00:37:21,240 --> 00:37:23,640
whatever we need to do. 
He's and, and you're probably 

720
00:37:23,640 --> 00:37:25,640
right, he's guilty, right? 
We'll, we'll, we'll almost 

721
00:37:25,640 --> 00:37:28,120
certainly punish him. 
They didn't punish him. 

722
00:37:29,240 --> 00:37:31,440
We'll, we'll do our own internal
investigation. 

723
00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:34,520
Their internal investigation 
revealed what I've been saying, 

724
00:37:34,520 --> 00:37:36,320
that Iffiqrates didn't do 
anything wrong. 

725
00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:40,000
Now this is the opposite of 
course, of Foybidas's Foggerios 

726
00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:43,080
in that case, because Foybidas's
Foggerias were actually guilty, 

727
00:37:43,880 --> 00:37:47,280
whereas Iffiqrates was not. 
So they, they were very 

728
00:37:47,280 --> 00:37:50,000
diplomatic about it. 
They're like, hey, sorry Persia,

729
00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:52,200
sorry Farnabezis, you don't need
to deal with this. 

730
00:37:52,200 --> 00:37:54,120
You got a lot on your plate. 
You got that whole Egypt thing 

731
00:37:54,120 --> 00:37:56,600
going on. 
Why, why don't you let us run 

732
00:37:56,600 --> 00:38:00,960
this trial a few months later if
Ficardis was given command of 

733
00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:03,320
the Athenian Navy. 
So that's what they thought 

734
00:38:03,320 --> 00:38:06,600
about that. 
Now, Farnabezis was in his 70s 

735
00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:09,240
and Greece was well familiar 
with him. 

736
00:38:09,240 --> 00:38:10,920
They had been dealing with this 
guy for decades. 

737
00:38:10,920 --> 00:38:12,800
They knew his methods. 
They knew who he was. 

738
00:38:12,800 --> 00:38:15,760
He was a very well known 
commodity, perhaps even more 

739
00:38:15,760 --> 00:38:18,720
known than Artuzerxes because he
had a lot more direct influence,

740
00:38:18,720 --> 00:38:21,280
directed contact with them. 
Artuzerxes felt the same. 

741
00:38:21,840 --> 00:38:24,360
He recalled Barna Basis. 
He said, bro, time for 

742
00:38:24,360 --> 00:38:26,600
retirement. 
He was nice this time. 

743
00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:31,360
No, you know, execution, no 
punishments, just you're done 

744
00:38:31,960 --> 00:38:35,840
now. 
Remember, Artuzerxes was real 

745
00:38:35,840 --> 00:38:38,920
crappy about giving his 
daughters away and you know he 

746
00:38:38,920 --> 00:38:40,600
can't either. 
Those two different times where 

747
00:38:40,600 --> 00:38:44,040
he gave a daughter to Tira Bazas
and then took it back, well, he 

748
00:38:44,040 --> 00:38:48,360
didn't do that to Farna Bezos. 
Farna Bezos married the daughter

749
00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:53,520
of Ardesertes Appa Maya, and 
that held they actually had 

750
00:38:53,520 --> 00:38:56,800
children, Artabazos the second 
and Ario Barzanes. 

751
00:38:56,800 --> 00:39:00,480
And I'm giving you those names 
because while Farna Bezos does 

752
00:39:00,640 --> 00:39:04,000
have a peaceful exit from the 
story, his children, this is the

753
00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:05,640
story of dynasties, isn't it? 
Yes. 

754
00:39:05,640 --> 00:39:09,200
Arna Bazos, the second and Ario 
Barzanes, they will continue in 

755
00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:11,680
the story. 
They're not today to replace him

756
00:39:11,680 --> 00:39:13,520
in Egypt because, hey, this is 
just one year. 

757
00:39:14,040 --> 00:39:15,320
Yeah. 
Farnabezus failed. 

758
00:39:15,560 --> 00:39:17,000
Yeah. 
The campaign stalled out in his 

759
00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:18,240
first year, but they weren't 
done. 

760
00:39:18,360 --> 00:39:19,840
They still have those soldiers 
over there. 

761
00:39:19,840 --> 00:39:22,200
They're going to try again. 
Another year is going to happen,

762
00:39:22,200 --> 00:39:24,920
and they're going to try. 
So in this case, Artaxerxes 

763
00:39:24,920 --> 00:39:26,880
replaced Farnabezos with 
Datames. 

764
00:39:26,920 --> 00:39:28,880
Remember Datames? 
We talked about him before he 

765
00:39:28,880 --> 00:39:31,760
was. 
He's considered the most able 

766
00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:36,120
warrior and general of Persia. 
And this time, so a a real heavy

767
00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:38,720
hitter has been put in place. 
But things are not going to go 

768
00:39:38,720 --> 00:39:40,280
as expected. 
We'll come back to you. 

769
00:39:40,280 --> 00:39:43,360
That campaign progresses in the 
next episode. 

770
00:39:45,320 --> 00:39:48,240
For now, we're going to focus I 
believe most of the rest of the 

771
00:39:48,240 --> 00:39:50,600
episodes strictly on Greece, if 
I remember correctly. 

772
00:39:50,600 --> 00:39:56,040
We'll see, as I've alluded to 
before, the concept of 100 city 

773
00:39:56,040 --> 00:39:57,880
states, which is where we're 
going now. 

774
00:39:58,640 --> 00:40:00,800
It is a lot like the 100 
kingdoms of Westeros period, 

775
00:40:00,800 --> 00:40:04,240
with the wrinkle that those were
kingdoms, these are city states,

776
00:40:04,240 --> 00:40:06,360
some of these were kingdoms. 
Sparta was a Kingdom. 

777
00:40:06,960 --> 00:40:09,200
And they're still at war with 
thieves, as I said before, not 

778
00:40:09,200 --> 00:40:12,920
an all out war, you know, 
They're just kind of, like I 

779
00:40:12,920 --> 00:40:14,480
said, just jockeying for 
position. 

780
00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:16,680
Nothing too big happening, 
nothing worth really getting 

781
00:40:16,680 --> 00:40:19,920
into detail on. 
And Sparta had that truce with 

782
00:40:19,920 --> 00:40:22,480
Athens. 
It's easy to see that that 

783
00:40:22,480 --> 00:40:25,000
wouldn't last, and not just 
because it never lasted, 

784
00:40:25,840 --> 00:40:27,280
although that is a good reason 
too. 

785
00:40:28,360 --> 00:40:30,920
In this case, the troops just 
wasn't very well designed. 

786
00:40:31,160 --> 00:40:35,560
There was nothing in it to stop 
Athens or Sparta or anyone from 

787
00:40:35,960 --> 00:40:37,960
helping other cities. 
They weren't allowed to make 

788
00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:39,680
alliances with them. 
But that doesn't mean you can't 

789
00:40:39,680 --> 00:40:41,520
say, hey, I'll send you some 
money or hey, I'll send you some

790
00:40:41,520 --> 00:40:42,960
troops. 
That's not an official alliance.

791
00:40:42,960 --> 00:40:45,920
We're just sending you help. 
So that was that just wasn't 

792
00:40:45,920 --> 00:40:48,960
addressed in the contract. 
Maybe they were sloppy about it 

793
00:40:48,960 --> 00:40:50,840
because they knew this isn't 
going to last anyway. 

794
00:40:51,040 --> 00:40:55,640
But I think it's just in looking
back, it's like, how would you 

795
00:40:56,120 --> 00:40:59,800
expect this to work? 
On the other, other hand, what 

796
00:40:59,800 --> 00:41:03,320
whatever work it's writing, it's
a deal. 

797
00:41:03,480 --> 00:41:07,680
It's words written down at best,
trying to stop people from kill 

798
00:41:07,680 --> 00:41:10,360
each other. 
There's only so much that can 

799
00:41:10,360 --> 00:41:12,720
do. 
No matter how many oaths you 

800
00:41:12,720 --> 00:41:15,480
take, no matter what gods you 
swear to, we know how this 

801
00:41:15,480 --> 00:41:18,200
works. 
Oaths are only as good as the 

802
00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:21,120
men who hold them, or women, 
whoever people holding them, 

803
00:41:21,240 --> 00:41:23,640
right? 
And these are generally not good

804
00:41:23,640 --> 00:41:25,560
people making them. 
They're generally going to do 

805
00:41:25,560 --> 00:41:29,080
what's best for them or their 
country or their family, rather 

806
00:41:29,080 --> 00:41:33,480
than adhere to some words that 
they spoke a year or five years 

807
00:41:33,480 --> 00:41:37,240
ago. 
So basically, this is a ticking 

808
00:41:37,240 --> 00:41:39,640
time bomb. 
Both of these cities have free 

809
00:41:39,640 --> 00:41:42,080
reign to help whoever they want.
It's only a matter of time 

810
00:41:42,080 --> 00:41:46,320
before they both find themselves
helping opposite sides in the 

811
00:41:46,320 --> 00:41:50,240
same city, Spartans helping the 
oligarchs in one place while the

812
00:41:50,240 --> 00:41:54,280
Athenians or Thebans or both 
help the Democrats in that city.

813
00:41:54,280 --> 00:41:55,560
And then it just comes to a 
head. 

814
00:41:55,560 --> 00:42:00,120
It just snowballs from there, an
incident that effectively allows

815
00:42:00,160 --> 00:42:03,720
the warlike elements on both 
sides to fire up support and 

816
00:42:03,720 --> 00:42:07,960
say, hey, see, we're fighting 
again, let's fight more. 

817
00:42:08,600 --> 00:42:11,160
Hey, they started that. 
Whatever it takes to get people 

818
00:42:11,160 --> 00:42:13,720
fired up. 
But first, we must speak again 

819
00:42:13,720 --> 00:42:16,600
of Timotheus, son of Conan, 
right? 

820
00:42:16,600 --> 00:42:18,920
We talked about Conan being 
betrayed by Farna Bezis. 

821
00:42:18,920 --> 00:42:22,200
That was a while ago. 
His son Timotheus is ruling the 

822
00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:23,680
household now and doing some 
stuff. 

823
00:42:24,120 --> 00:42:27,000
While Thebes and Sparta fought 
and Persia invaded Egypt, 

824
00:42:27,000 --> 00:42:32,520
Timotheus was at work doing the 
work of Athens or reestablishing

825
00:42:32,520 --> 00:42:35,840
the Second Athenian League. 
Uh oh, another league. 

826
00:42:35,960 --> 00:42:37,320
Yep. 
Another league. 

827
00:42:37,800 --> 00:42:39,760
So he's saying he's making 
allies. 

828
00:42:39,760 --> 00:42:42,560
He's like, we're, we're, we're 
powerful again. 

829
00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:44,280
We Athenians, don't you want to 
be nice to us? 

830
00:42:44,280 --> 00:42:47,680
He wasn't forcing it on them, 
but it was like the reading 

831
00:42:47,680 --> 00:42:49,880
between the line things like, 
hey, we're big again and we're 

832
00:42:49,880 --> 00:42:51,840
here. 
What are you going to do about 

833
00:42:51,840 --> 00:42:53,760
it? 
I suggest you give us things. 

834
00:42:54,480 --> 00:42:57,200
He'd also want to see battle 
against Sparta right before the 

835
00:42:57,200 --> 00:43:00,040
peace. 
So he was doing pretty well. 

836
00:43:00,680 --> 00:43:03,120
He won some more allies, people 
that we have mentioned. 

837
00:43:03,120 --> 00:43:06,200
He won as an ally for Athens 
King Alcitas, the first of 

838
00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:09,080
molasses the the clever one that
was making allies with bigger 

839
00:43:09,080 --> 00:43:10,240
parties. 
Well, here he is. 

840
00:43:10,320 --> 00:43:13,640
This is this is that alliance 
with Athens, Jason of fear. 

841
00:43:13,640 --> 00:43:17,000
I was an ally. 
What a big important ally to 

842
00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:18,080
have. 
You don't want that guy's an 

843
00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:21,000
enemy. 
So was Amentos, the third king 

844
00:43:21,000 --> 00:43:23,040
of Macedon. 
Now these are interesting allies

845
00:43:23,040 --> 00:43:24,880
cause none of these are 
democracies. 

846
00:43:24,880 --> 00:43:27,240
These are kings. 
Jason wasn't technically a king,

847
00:43:27,240 --> 00:43:29,680
but he was basically a dictator,
a military dictator. 

848
00:43:29,880 --> 00:43:34,440
Not a lot of difference. 
So Athens, the hub of democracy,

849
00:43:34,440 --> 00:43:38,960
has all these monarchies on 
their side. 

850
00:43:38,960 --> 00:43:40,520
Better than having them as 
enemies, though. 

851
00:43:41,200 --> 00:43:43,920
Now Cabrias and Focion, both of 
them are out there winning 

852
00:43:43,920 --> 00:43:47,160
allies, too. 
Cabrias also kind of goes like 

853
00:43:47,840 --> 00:43:51,440
Timotheus sales in force. 
A little bit of a show of awe, a

854
00:43:51,640 --> 00:43:53,560
little intimidating. 
They're not trying to attack 

855
00:43:53,560 --> 00:43:56,600
anybody, but they are trying to 
say, hey, this is, you know, 

856
00:43:56,600 --> 00:44:00,400
maybe if you don't join us, 
maybe these ships come back and 

857
00:44:00,400 --> 00:44:02,400
we're not so friendly. 
They don't say those things, but

858
00:44:02,400 --> 00:44:05,080
that's the implication. 
Focion, Remember, Focion, I 

859
00:44:05,080 --> 00:44:07,360
think you guys may not remember 
who this guy is. 

860
00:44:07,480 --> 00:44:11,480
He's the guy that is keen on the
one liners, the the guy that's 

861
00:44:11,520 --> 00:44:14,120
once time when the crowd was 
cheering him, he looked at his 

862
00:44:14,120 --> 00:44:17,600
friends and said what did I say?
Something awful public acclaim 

863
00:44:17,600 --> 00:44:20,440
to him meant bad things usually 
because he he thought tough 

864
00:44:20,440 --> 00:44:22,160
decisions usually weren't 
popular. 

865
00:44:22,320 --> 00:44:26,320
He was a tough decision guy. 
He hated the trend of constant 

866
00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:29,320
talking and so much oration that
was sweeping through Athens. 

867
00:44:29,320 --> 00:44:32,720
So he tried to be as succinct as
possible, which makes him very 

868
00:44:32,720 --> 00:44:36,280
quotable to us. 
And here this isn't so much to 

869
00:44:36,280 --> 00:44:39,080
quote so much as an attitude, 
which again, everything about 

870
00:44:39,080 --> 00:44:41,240
this guy I respect and and like 
him. 

871
00:44:41,240 --> 00:44:43,480
He's he's he's this is, again, 
he's Stannis. 

872
00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:45,600
He's Stannis without a lot of 
the baggage. 

873
00:44:46,040 --> 00:44:49,880
He did not choose to sail in 
force when he was going to seek 

874
00:44:49,880 --> 00:44:51,840
allies. 
He's like, look, that's what you

875
00:44:51,840 --> 00:44:54,000
do when you're trying to 
intimidate people. 

876
00:44:54,640 --> 00:44:57,440
But if I'm trying to win allies,
I'm going to take one ship. 

877
00:44:57,480 --> 00:45:00,280
I'm a show up of 1 ship. 
That's not intimidate. 

878
00:45:00,280 --> 00:45:03,880
That means if they're likely to 
accept that their acceptance is 

879
00:45:03,880 --> 00:45:09,120
genuine, this guy does it right.
But he's still kind of an up and

880
00:45:09,120 --> 00:45:14,240
Comer, and people would rather 
take the lead of a Cabrius or a 

881
00:45:14,240 --> 00:45:17,240
Timotheus or the the Others, 
right? 

882
00:45:18,200 --> 00:45:20,240
Foky on here is the one going 
against the grain, and he's 

883
00:45:20,240 --> 00:45:22,480
still on the younger side, even 
though he's a subordinate of 

884
00:45:22,480 --> 00:45:24,760
Cabrius. 
So the second Athena League was 

885
00:45:24,760 --> 00:45:27,800
growing, and it was growing just
enough to heighten the tension 

886
00:45:27,800 --> 00:45:30,080
to win the inevitable that we 
discussed a minute ago. 

887
00:45:30,080 --> 00:45:31,600
Eventually, something's going to
break out. 

888
00:45:31,880 --> 00:45:35,840
Well, this makes the inevitable 
all the more explosive because 

889
00:45:35,840 --> 00:45:38,520
Athens is going to have so much 
more power on their sides when 

890
00:45:38,520 --> 00:45:40,960
it does happen. 
And here we go. 

891
00:45:41,320 --> 00:45:44,560
Here's when the battles happen. 
This section is called a Battle 

892
00:45:44,560 --> 00:45:46,400
Isles. 
You all are familiar with Battle

893
00:45:46,400 --> 00:45:49,280
Isle in ancient times near Old 
Town. 

894
00:45:49,280 --> 00:45:51,640
It's we don't know what battles 
were fought there. 

895
00:45:51,720 --> 00:45:53,560
We do know what battles were 
fought here. 

896
00:45:53,560 --> 00:45:55,640
Well, for the most part, there's
always gaps in the record and 

897
00:45:55,640 --> 00:45:58,440
there's a particularly big one 
here, but most of it is here. 

898
00:45:58,480 --> 00:46:02,600
And it's really interesting. 
It would be ironic if another 

899
00:46:02,600 --> 00:46:07,800
large grease sweeping conflict 
started over a small, relatively

900
00:46:07,800 --> 00:46:10,520
meaningless place, wouldn't it? 
Well, that's not what happened. 

901
00:46:11,040 --> 00:46:12,520
It happened in an important 
place. 

902
00:46:12,520 --> 00:46:16,840
Actually, it happened in two 
important places at the same 

903
00:46:16,840 --> 00:46:18,520
time. 
Now they're important places, 

904
00:46:18,520 --> 00:46:22,240
though we've spoken of neither 
of them because the map we're 

905
00:46:22,240 --> 00:46:25,480
working with, Eastern 
Mediterranean, basically focused

906
00:46:25,480 --> 00:46:28,320
on Greece, Northern Eastern 
Mediterranean, you can say these

907
00:46:28,320 --> 00:46:31,160
two places just haven't come up 
yet and they're on the fringes 

908
00:46:31,160 --> 00:46:34,800
of the map of this region. 
And the first problem we'll 

909
00:46:34,800 --> 00:46:36,520
describe is on the island of 
Zakynthos. 

910
00:46:36,520 --> 00:46:39,760
Ashea is putting up the map. 
You can see where Zakynthos is. 

911
00:46:39,760 --> 00:46:43,120
It's island far to the West of 
the center of the action here. 

912
00:46:43,400 --> 00:46:46,720
This is called the Ionian Isles.
The farthest South of the Ionian

913
00:46:46,720 --> 00:46:49,480
Isles is here is Zakynthos. 
Now, if you Look North of 

914
00:46:49,480 --> 00:46:53,240
Zakynthos, you'll see the island
of Corkaira, which is nowadays 

915
00:46:53,240 --> 00:46:55,280
called Corfu. 
A lot of you know that name 

916
00:46:55,840 --> 00:46:58,120
Corfu, not Corkaira. 
Then if you have a date in 

917
00:46:58,120 --> 00:47:00,240
Corkaira, they'll be waiting in 
Corfu. 

918
00:47:00,280 --> 00:47:03,440
You can see to the West as well 
all those Ionian islands, like 

919
00:47:03,440 --> 00:47:06,520
the northeast, the northeast 
northernmost is Corkaira, the 

920
00:47:06,520 --> 00:47:11,000
southernmost is Zethenthos. 
It's actually began on the way, 

921
00:47:11,960 --> 00:47:15,520
and I mean, on the way to 
Timotheus, who was operating in 

922
00:47:15,520 --> 00:47:19,040
the field, some Athenian 
diplomats went to tell 

923
00:47:19,040 --> 00:47:21,720
Timotheus, hey, there's a peace 
deal, now stop fighting. 

924
00:47:22,080 --> 00:47:26,400
And on the way to accomplish 
this, on the way back from being

925
00:47:26,400 --> 00:47:28,040
told this, the war kicked off 
again. 

926
00:47:28,040 --> 00:47:32,160
So while telling someone about 
the peace deal, the guy informed

927
00:47:32,160 --> 00:47:35,200
about it, kicked the violence 
off kind of because, well, 

928
00:47:35,200 --> 00:47:38,840
we'll, we'll see why it wasn't 
just he wasn't flouting the 

929
00:47:38,840 --> 00:47:40,680
peace deal. 
Let's explain. 

930
00:47:41,680 --> 00:47:45,400
But it's just so wild that the 
war started while people were 

931
00:47:45,400 --> 00:47:46,720
telling each other about the 
peace. 

932
00:47:46,960 --> 00:47:48,600
It's it's bizarre. 
Anyway, let me get to it. 

933
00:47:49,240 --> 00:47:51,560
Spartan thieves are still just 
kind of jockeying for position 

934
00:47:51,560 --> 00:47:54,040
that we can ignore them for a 
minute continuously or continue 

935
00:47:54,040 --> 00:47:56,680
to ignore them for a minute. 
So Timotheus was collecting 

936
00:47:56,680 --> 00:47:59,840
allies, as we said. 
And at this juncture, he was on 

937
00:47:59,840 --> 00:48:01,440
the West side near these 
islands. 

938
00:48:01,640 --> 00:48:04,400
Athenian envoys like say deal, 
we signed a deal with Sparta. 

939
00:48:04,400 --> 00:48:06,560
Stop fighting. 
He said, OK, I'll sail back home

940
00:48:06,560 --> 00:48:09,280
then. 
But see, while he had been out 

941
00:48:09,280 --> 00:48:14,320
there, one of the allies that he
had courted was Zekinthos. 

942
00:48:14,320 --> 00:48:17,840
Zekinthos and he, they were 
having internal problems. 

943
00:48:18,080 --> 00:48:21,120
The Democrats of Zekinthos had 
been driven out by the 

944
00:48:21,120 --> 00:48:25,480
oligarchs, and of course, that 
made them erstwhile allies of 

945
00:48:25,480 --> 00:48:27,520
the Athenians. 
Like you Democrats have lost 

946
00:48:27,520 --> 00:48:29,200
your power. 
We're here to help you. 

947
00:48:29,560 --> 00:48:32,800
So. 
But he didn't immediately attack

948
00:48:32,800 --> 00:48:35,960
Zekinthos or he just took them 
on and added them to his fleet. 

949
00:48:36,800 --> 00:48:39,280
So they were fighting for him. 
So all of a sudden he's like, 

950
00:48:39,560 --> 00:48:43,840
sorry guys, you guys still have 
a fight on your hands, but I 

951
00:48:43,840 --> 00:48:46,160
can't fight Sparta anymore. 
I'm not supposed to. 

952
00:48:46,160 --> 00:48:51,080
So I don't know what to do. 
I can't just put you back or can

953
00:48:51,080 --> 00:48:51,680
I? 
Like what? 

954
00:48:51,680 --> 00:48:53,040
Where does he leave them? 
Where does he? 

955
00:48:53,120 --> 00:48:55,400
Does he take them to Athens? 
Like they don't belong there. 

956
00:48:55,400 --> 00:48:59,320
It's a strange position he's in.
So he didn't really have a non 

957
00:48:59,320 --> 00:49:01,360
risky option here. 
So he did what he did was he 

958
00:49:01,360 --> 00:49:04,840
just went back to Zakynthos, 
helped the Democrats build a 

959
00:49:04,840 --> 00:49:09,560
Fort and and then left with that
Fort. 

960
00:49:09,560 --> 00:49:14,760
The Kindian Democrats started to
assault the oligarchs and it was

961
00:49:14,760 --> 00:49:16,640
like a little mini civil war 
going on. 

962
00:49:17,200 --> 00:49:18,640
Now, there's a gap in the 
records here. 

963
00:49:18,680 --> 00:49:21,560
Timotheus may have actually done
more than this, but it seems 

964
00:49:21,560 --> 00:49:25,040
like he went home. 
And is it the Kindian oligarchs 

965
00:49:25,040 --> 00:49:30,080
got mad because of what was 
happening and they complained to

966
00:49:30,080 --> 00:49:34,480
Sparta, of course. 
And Sparta's like this violates 

967
00:49:34,480 --> 00:49:38,160
the peace deal that we just 
signed. 

968
00:49:39,040 --> 00:49:43,440
But also independent of all 
this, in Corkaira, the Democrats

969
00:49:43,440 --> 00:49:46,680
got the upper hand on the 
oligarchs and started driving 

970
00:49:46,680 --> 00:49:48,600
them out, pushing them out. 
They hadn't fully been pushed 

971
00:49:48,600 --> 00:49:50,960
out, but they were losing power 
and they were afraid of being 

972
00:49:50,960 --> 00:49:53,480
kicked out entirely. 
So who did they appeal to? 

973
00:49:54,120 --> 00:49:58,760
Sparta again. 
Now, Sparta, of course, is. 

974
00:49:58,760 --> 00:50:02,480
They're not stupid. 
They're in charge of the peace, 

975
00:50:02,480 --> 00:50:04,800
but they're not just going to 
embroil themselves in another 

976
00:50:04,800 --> 00:50:08,120
war with such a powerful person 
like Athens over nothing. 

977
00:50:08,440 --> 00:50:10,360
So they had to have something to
care about here. 

978
00:50:10,360 --> 00:50:13,080
It can't just be these two 
islands with people. 

979
00:50:13,160 --> 00:50:15,320
It can't just be about, hey, 
these are more people on our 

980
00:50:15,320 --> 00:50:17,080
side. 
These are a few more ships on 

981
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:19,000
our side. 
It has to be worthwhile. 

982
00:50:19,480 --> 00:50:22,160
Well, I told you these places 
were important, and they're 

983
00:50:22,160 --> 00:50:24,960
important to both sides. 
It's not just that they 

984
00:50:24,960 --> 00:50:27,680
represent additional manpower, 
although that does matter. 

985
00:50:27,680 --> 00:50:30,080
And of course, if you don't win 
them as an ally, maybe your 

986
00:50:30,080 --> 00:50:31,880
enemy does. 
If they're not on our side, they

987
00:50:31,880 --> 00:50:35,520
might be against us. 
Zakintos was a major source of 

988
00:50:35,760 --> 00:50:37,800
tar. 
You might be like, is that 

989
00:50:37,800 --> 00:50:40,320
important? 
Yeah, it's really, really 

990
00:50:40,320 --> 00:50:43,160
important. 
It's an alternative to pitch on 

991
00:50:43,160 --> 00:50:46,800
ships, which it it seals the 
wood from leaking. 

992
00:50:46,800 --> 00:50:51,320
It keeps it from rotting. 
It saves them so much money, 

993
00:50:51,920 --> 00:50:55,200
just thousands and thousands of 
pounds of silver. 

994
00:50:55,200 --> 00:50:57,680
Tons of, I don't know, I don't 
know the exact amounts, but Hugh

995
00:50:57,680 --> 00:51:00,560
Navies are so expensive. 
By the way, this is part of why 

996
00:51:00,560 --> 00:51:03,360
Athens backed off on their 
support of thieves a little bit.

997
00:51:03,480 --> 00:51:06,480
Not only did they not want to 
help thieves become so powerful 

998
00:51:06,480 --> 00:51:10,040
that they became dominant, but 
Athens is supportive. 

999
00:51:10,040 --> 00:51:13,880
Thieves required their naval 
power, whereas Thebes is 

1000
00:51:13,880 --> 00:51:17,640
maintaining mostly a infantry 
base which is cheaper. 

1001
00:51:17,840 --> 00:51:20,840
So Athens is spending a lot more
money to be an ally so that the 

1002
00:51:20,840 --> 00:51:22,560
deal isn't great for them in 
that sense. 

1003
00:51:23,280 --> 00:51:27,560
On the other hand, Athens does 
not want Sparta to rise up as a 

1004
00:51:27,560 --> 00:51:29,720
sea power like they had under 
Lysander. 

1005
00:51:29,720 --> 00:51:32,680
That was a big problem. 
Lysander kicked their butts. 

1006
00:51:33,320 --> 00:51:36,280
Now Lysander to be fair, was 
able to do a lot of what he did 

1007
00:51:36,280 --> 00:51:39,720
with Persian money. 
But here comes Corkaira. 

1008
00:51:40,240 --> 00:51:45,520
This is almost a substitute 
because Korkyra is the center 

1009
00:51:45,520 --> 00:51:47,440
spot. 
It's the transition point 

1010
00:51:47,440 --> 00:51:50,400
between Italy and Greece. 
Huge amounts of traffic coming 

1011
00:51:50,400 --> 00:51:55,160
to and from Italy going to 
Greece or the reverse stops off 

1012
00:51:55,160 --> 00:51:58,080
at Korkyra. 
It's pretty much the second most

1013
00:51:58,080 --> 00:52:03,320
important port builder of ships 
next to Athens. 

1014
00:52:03,520 --> 00:52:09,120
So if Sparta gets this, they can
almost instantly match what 

1015
00:52:09,120 --> 00:52:12,360
Athens has, maybe not know how, 
maybe not with commanders, but 

1016
00:52:12,360 --> 00:52:15,480
in terms of sheer resources and 
number of ships and the ability 

1017
00:52:15,480 --> 00:52:17,360
to make more. 
So Athens is terrified of that 

1018
00:52:17,360 --> 00:52:19,320
happening. 
They really, really do not want 

1019
00:52:19,320 --> 00:52:21,120
it. 
And Sparta really, really does. 

1020
00:52:21,120 --> 00:52:23,520
This is quite an opportunity. 
They're like, huh? 

1021
00:52:24,160 --> 00:52:26,360
And the this wasn't just 
implied. 

1022
00:52:26,360 --> 00:52:29,360
The corkyrie and oligarchs, they
knew what they were talking 

1023
00:52:29,360 --> 00:52:30,200
about. 
They were smart. 

1024
00:52:30,200 --> 00:52:34,120
They said if you push out these 
Athenian Democrats or these 

1025
00:52:34,120 --> 00:52:37,880
Democrats that are being helped 
by Athens, we'll give you 

1026
00:52:38,160 --> 00:52:40,600
exactly this. 
We'll give you these ships, we 

1027
00:52:40,600 --> 00:52:44,040
will be your ally fully. 
You get our naval power. 

1028
00:52:44,120 --> 00:52:47,800
So that is that's an offer they 
could not refuse, Sparta says. 

1029
00:52:48,440 --> 00:52:51,680
So it's actually very easy with 
all that to understand why these

1030
00:52:51,680 --> 00:52:54,160
two places were a new 
battleground. 

1031
00:52:54,160 --> 00:52:57,120
You've got a place that has a 
lot of ships and a place that 

1032
00:52:57,120 --> 00:52:59,160
makes all your existing ships a 
lot cheaper. 

1033
00:52:59,960 --> 00:53:02,840
So back when it started 
happening, that start, Spartans 

1034
00:53:02,840 --> 00:53:05,040
had already denounced 
Timotheus's actions. 

1035
00:53:05,520 --> 00:53:08,760
But Athens at the time were 
like, yeah, we're going to side 

1036
00:53:08,760 --> 00:53:11,680
with the Democrats, we're going 
to stay the course. 

1037
00:53:12,440 --> 00:53:17,160
This time Sparta actually sent 
an army or a Navy because they 

1038
00:53:17,400 --> 00:53:19,360
couldn't get Athens to back down
through diplomacy. 

1039
00:53:19,480 --> 00:53:22,200
So they sent 25 ships with their
nave arc of the year. 

1040
00:53:22,200 --> 00:53:24,920
Because remember, that's a 
yearly office just like a lot of

1041
00:53:24,920 --> 00:53:27,120
these other things to help the 
oligarchs. 

1042
00:53:27,640 --> 00:53:33,800
Now this man had the most on the
nose hero of the aristocracy 

1043
00:53:33,800 --> 00:53:38,040
name I've ever heard. 
His name was aristocracy, I kid 

1044
00:53:38,120 --> 00:53:40,680
you not. 
So man, imagine this guy was a 

1045
00:53:40,680 --> 00:53:42,440
hero of the people and he'd have
to change his name. 

1046
00:53:42,840 --> 00:53:46,160
Anyway, by the time of anything 
note occurred, his yearly term 

1047
00:53:46,160 --> 00:53:48,160
was over and it seems he had 
been replaced. 

1048
00:53:48,560 --> 00:53:50,320
And we don't even know the name 
of the man who replaced him 

1049
00:53:50,320 --> 00:53:52,680
because there'd be a third man 
that came along by the time 

1050
00:53:52,760 --> 00:53:56,920
anything important happened. 
So Aristocrates only joins our 

1051
00:53:56,920 --> 00:54:00,000
story to entertain us with his 
name, and now he's gone. 

1052
00:54:00,280 --> 00:54:04,120
So at the same time though, they
dispatched a slightly smaller 

1053
00:54:04,120 --> 00:54:06,320
fleet, which I don't know why 
this one was smaller given 

1054
00:54:06,320 --> 00:54:07,760
Korkyra seemed a lot more 
important. 

1055
00:54:07,760 --> 00:54:11,240
Maybe they had more help. 
I don't get it necessarily, but 

1056
00:54:11,880 --> 00:54:14,080
they sent ships to Korkyra to 
help take it. 

1057
00:54:14,080 --> 00:54:17,080
Now the goal there was the Korky
and oligarchs agreed to meet 

1058
00:54:17,080 --> 00:54:18,680
them and sneak them into the 
city. 

1059
00:54:18,680 --> 00:54:20,440
So maybe that's part of why they
had a smaller force, because 

1060
00:54:20,440 --> 00:54:21,960
they were trying to be clever 
with it. 

1061
00:54:22,520 --> 00:54:25,120
But the Democrats found out, 
They found out about this plan. 

1062
00:54:25,720 --> 00:54:27,000
We were able to keep the gates 
closed. 

1063
00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:30,040
No Navy was able to sneak in. 
And they told Athens they're 

1064
00:54:30,040 --> 00:54:34,440
like, look, y'all these Spartans
and the Quarkyrion oligarchs 

1065
00:54:34,440 --> 00:54:36,440
have a plan to sell out to 
Sparta. 

1066
00:54:36,440 --> 00:54:37,640
You guys don't want that 
happening. 

1067
00:54:37,640 --> 00:54:40,040
And they're like, yeah, we don't
want that happening. 

1068
00:54:40,040 --> 00:54:42,640
So guess who is sent back out? 
Timotheus. 

1069
00:54:42,640 --> 00:54:47,040
They send the same guy back to 
come help, but he wasn't given 

1070
00:54:47,040 --> 00:54:48,640
enough soldiers. 
He's like, I got all these 

1071
00:54:48,640 --> 00:54:50,800
ships, but my sold, my ships are
half full. 

1072
00:54:50,800 --> 00:54:53,480
I need more men. 
So he goes E instead of West to 

1073
00:54:53,480 --> 00:54:58,720
his allies that he just made to 
Jason and a Mintas. 

1074
00:54:58,720 --> 00:55:00,960
And he's like, hey, give me some
dudes, you know, I need 

1075
00:55:00,960 --> 00:55:03,760
soldiers. 
And this he did, but it took 

1076
00:55:03,760 --> 00:55:05,440
time. 
And in the meantime, Sparta 

1077
00:55:05,440 --> 00:55:07,400
attacked. 
The sneak attack was foiled. 

1078
00:55:07,560 --> 00:55:09,360
So they went with a regular 
attack. 

1079
00:55:09,600 --> 00:55:13,680
It failed, but not in a way that
was a big set back. 

1080
00:55:13,840 --> 00:55:19,720
They were able to establish a 
siege on Coursera or Kyra, I 

1081
00:55:19,720 --> 00:55:21,920
don't know the right name. 
The Spartan commander. 

1082
00:55:21,920 --> 00:55:25,800
He was Manasipus, and he took a 
position on a hill near the 

1083
00:55:25,800 --> 00:55:27,640
city. 
This hill was a very commanding 

1084
00:55:27,640 --> 00:55:29,880
position. 
It allowed his men to look out 

1085
00:55:29,880 --> 00:55:32,800
into the sea and see if any 
relief ships were approaching. 

1086
00:55:32,800 --> 00:55:34,880
It was high enough to see in all
directions. 

1087
00:55:35,320 --> 00:55:38,320
They also could see what the 
city was doing, and what they 

1088
00:55:38,320 --> 00:55:41,040
did was anytime someone would 
emerge from the city to try to 

1089
00:55:41,040 --> 00:55:44,400
go to the farms to get food 
because they were running low 

1090
00:55:44,400 --> 00:55:46,920
inside the city because of the 
siege, he would attack. 

1091
00:55:47,040 --> 00:55:52,080
So his men would attack anyone 
who's trying to go get food. 

1092
00:55:52,200 --> 00:55:54,720
And so the situation got worse 
and worse inside the city. 

1093
00:55:55,440 --> 00:55:59,000
Monasapus was a little bit 
patient. 

1094
00:55:59,000 --> 00:56:00,800
He was he's like, yeah, I see 
how this is going. 

1095
00:56:00,800 --> 00:56:04,000
And he decided to let things 
just get worse for the 

1096
00:56:04,000 --> 00:56:05,440
Corkairans. 
He's like, well, they're 

1097
00:56:05,440 --> 00:56:08,400
starving. 
Certain people started to flee 

1098
00:56:08,640 --> 00:56:12,360
and just run away. 
They ran from the city, try to 

1099
00:56:12,360 --> 00:56:14,280
get away. 
And what Monasapus would do is 

1100
00:56:14,280 --> 00:56:17,200
he would capture them and 
enslave them, and he would tell 

1101
00:56:17,600 --> 00:56:18,760
the Corkairans that this has 
happened. 

1102
00:56:18,760 --> 00:56:22,240
He's like anyone that flees is 
getting enslaved and of course 

1103
00:56:22,240 --> 00:56:23,760
they're fleeing because they're 
starving. 

1104
00:56:24,240 --> 00:56:28,920
So what actually happened was so
many people started fleeing that

1105
00:56:28,920 --> 00:56:30,520
Manassepas couldn't enslave them
all. 

1106
00:56:30,520 --> 00:56:33,960
He's decided to change his 
tactics and started deploying 

1107
00:56:33,960 --> 00:56:37,680
men with whips and they would be
whipped back towards the city 

1108
00:56:38,280 --> 00:56:41,480
because this would accelerate 
the starvation of the city, 

1109
00:56:41,480 --> 00:56:44,160
having these empty mouths back 
inside. 

1110
00:56:44,560 --> 00:56:48,520
But the in people inside saw 
those that ran away as traitors,

1111
00:56:48,520 --> 00:56:51,160
as cowards, as cravens. 
They're no better than slaves. 

1112
00:56:51,160 --> 00:56:53,560
Go ahead and slave them. 
So they were not let back in. 

1113
00:56:54,360 --> 00:56:56,640
So Monasapus grew cocky. 
He was like, oh, they're 

1114
00:56:56,640 --> 00:56:59,080
desperate, they're so bad, 
things are falling apart. 

1115
00:56:59,240 --> 00:57:00,560
We're going to win any minute 
now. 

1116
00:57:01,120 --> 00:57:03,960
So he started to look ahead 
greedily. 

1117
00:57:04,040 --> 00:57:06,440
Now what did we say before about
Spartan commanders? 

1118
00:57:06,440 --> 00:57:10,520
They're a lot like because of 
their system of no money or 

1119
00:57:10,520 --> 00:57:13,200
money that doesn't spend 
elsewhere, they get out there in

1120
00:57:13,200 --> 00:57:15,800
the world, they get in charge of
huge amounts of money and the 

1121
00:57:15,800 --> 00:57:18,760
dollar signs just they can't 
help, they lose control. 

1122
00:57:18,760 --> 00:57:20,160
The greed, they've never dealt 
with this. 

1123
00:57:20,160 --> 00:57:23,560
It's like a person that's always
wanted to have a drink but we're

1124
00:57:23,560 --> 00:57:25,080
never allowed to. 
And then they become an 

1125
00:57:25,080 --> 00:57:28,600
alcoholic because they just, you
know, like kind of like that. 

1126
00:57:29,160 --> 00:57:33,240
So Monasapus got real greedy. 
He's like, I got all this money.

1127
00:57:33,960 --> 00:57:35,640
Part of the reason he had so 
much money is a lot of the 

1128
00:57:35,640 --> 00:57:39,200
Spartan allies, their choice is 
to send men or money. 

1129
00:57:39,280 --> 00:57:42,160
Most of them send money. 
So he had all this money that he

1130
00:57:42,160 --> 00:57:44,160
could use to. 
Well he was using it to pay 

1131
00:57:44,160 --> 00:57:48,040
mercenaries. 
So he started to underpay some 

1132
00:57:48,040 --> 00:57:50,560
of his mercenaries and he let 
some of the other ones go. 

1133
00:57:50,560 --> 00:57:52,280
He just said go home, I don't 
need you anymore. 

1134
00:57:52,840 --> 00:57:59,320
This was not smart. 
On one hand, he knew he had more

1135
00:57:59,320 --> 00:58:04,240
allies coming to the Tyrant of 
Syracuse was sending some ships 

1136
00:58:04,240 --> 00:58:05,720
as well. 
He didn't send money, he sent 

1137
00:58:05,720 --> 00:58:07,400
actual ships. 
They hadn't arrived yet, but he 

1138
00:58:07,400 --> 00:58:09,440
knew they were coming, so maybe 
that was part of his angle. 

1139
00:58:09,440 --> 00:58:11,920
He was like, I can send some of 
these mercenaries home, save 

1140
00:58:11,920 --> 00:58:13,600
some money. 
I'll have some replacement 

1141
00:58:13,600 --> 00:58:16,200
troops here soon anyway, and I 
won't have to pay them. 

1142
00:58:16,200 --> 00:58:19,160
They're paid by their their 
tyrant back home. 

1143
00:58:19,560 --> 00:58:21,480
And what was he going to do with
that extra money? 

1144
00:58:21,800 --> 00:58:25,760
Well, if you guess he was going 
to keep it, you're right. 

1145
00:58:25,760 --> 00:58:28,000
That's almost certainly what he 
was going to do. 

1146
00:58:28,080 --> 00:58:30,240
So he just kept sending 
mercenaries home and underpaying

1147
00:58:30,240 --> 00:58:32,800
the others, and just kept 
waiting for Corkaira to 

1148
00:58:32,880 --> 00:58:36,080
capitulate while his allies were
on the way. 

1149
00:58:36,640 --> 00:58:41,040
However, this delay cost him. 
Now, ironically, Timothe is 

1150
00:58:41,040 --> 00:58:43,440
taking his time getting soldiers
pissed off the Athena. 

1151
00:58:43,440 --> 00:58:45,760
They're like, bro, you were 
supposed to head W attack 

1152
00:58:45,760 --> 00:58:47,400
Corkaira here, you are going 
east. 

1153
00:58:47,400 --> 00:58:49,600
What the hell is that? 
So they summoned him back home 

1154
00:58:49,600 --> 00:58:53,160
to face charges. 
That's not exactly going to 

1155
00:58:53,160 --> 00:58:55,040
speed things up is it? 
So they're kind of shooting 

1156
00:58:55,040 --> 00:58:58,800
themselves in the foot here. 
But Timotheus's allies showed up

1157
00:58:58,800 --> 00:59:02,640
for him big time. 
Jason Afiri, Alcitas, the first,

1158
00:59:02,640 --> 00:59:05,680
they showed up in person and 
pleaded his case. 

1159
00:59:05,680 --> 00:59:07,400
They were like, Nah, he's doing 
the right thing, y'all? 

1160
00:59:08,000 --> 00:59:11,600
Kenya, Amantas. 
The third had the coup here, 

1161
00:59:11,600 --> 00:59:13,520
though. 
He really sent the message. 

1162
00:59:13,840 --> 00:59:15,880
This guy was supplying timber to
Athens. 

1163
00:59:15,880 --> 00:59:18,120
Athens doesn't have a very good 
timber supply locally. 

1164
00:59:18,320 --> 00:59:20,800
And of course, they're making so
many ships, they really need 

1165
00:59:20,800 --> 00:59:24,360
this. 
Amantas sense sent the lumber, 

1166
00:59:24,360 --> 00:59:29,400
the timber directly to the 
estate of Timotheus, not to the 

1167
00:59:29,440 --> 00:59:31,880
not to Athens directly, but to 
this guy's house. 

1168
00:59:32,520 --> 00:59:35,240
And the message was there. 
The implied threat's there. 

1169
00:59:35,240 --> 00:59:39,160
It's like if you throw this guy 
in jail, I met. 

1170
00:59:39,160 --> 00:59:41,000
Where are these wood shipments 
going to go? 

1171
00:59:41,000 --> 00:59:42,960
They might not go to Athens at 
all. 

1172
00:59:42,960 --> 00:59:45,080
They might go to Sparta, they 
might go to somewhere else 

1173
00:59:45,080 --> 00:59:47,960
entirely. 
So y'all, if you don't let this 

1174
00:59:47,960 --> 00:59:52,240
man go, you could lose a lot. 
The cost of letting him go is 

1175
00:59:52,240 --> 00:59:55,680
going to be way cheaper than the
cost of, you know, putting him 

1176
00:59:55,680 --> 00:59:57,200
in jail or or finding him 
guilty. 

1177
00:59:57,200 --> 01:00:00,240
So Athens was pretty pissed 
about this, though they did not 

1178
01:00:00,240 --> 01:00:03,000
like being forced into a verdict
and they didn't like Timotheus, 

1179
01:00:03,000 --> 01:00:04,240
even though he was so 
successful. 

1180
01:00:04,240 --> 01:00:07,640
There's some Tyrion here. 
He's put on trial for things he 

1181
01:00:07,640 --> 01:00:10,840
didn't really do wrong. 
Of course the difference is this

1182
01:00:10,840 --> 01:00:12,720
guy won his trial where Tyrion 
did not. 

1183
01:00:12,720 --> 01:00:17,200
But either way the guy went E to
get allies and then came back 

1184
01:00:17,200 --> 01:00:20,920
and of unfortunately he won his 
court case but he wasn't 

1185
01:00:21,200 --> 01:00:25,080
reinstated so. 
He was acquitted, but he put his

1186
01:00:25,120 --> 01:00:29,320
own money into this expedition. 
Presumably he was expecting to 

1187
01:00:29,320 --> 01:00:30,920
get it back once he took 
Corkair. 

1188
01:00:30,920 --> 01:00:33,200
He's like, well, I could pay 
myself back with this, with the 

1189
01:00:33,200 --> 01:00:36,440
loot here, which is fine. 
That's actually fairly normal. 

1190
01:00:36,720 --> 01:00:38,120
But he didn't get the chance to 
go back. 

1191
01:00:38,120 --> 01:00:41,040
So he's like, yo, I did all this
stuff for my country. 

1192
01:00:41,040 --> 01:00:43,600
I made these powerful allies, 
and you guys just kicked me to 

1193
01:00:43,600 --> 01:00:45,800
the curb. 
So what does he do? 

1194
01:00:46,360 --> 01:00:49,800
He does what Tyrion does. 
He sails east and becomes a 

1195
01:00:49,800 --> 01:00:51,800
mercenary for the King of 
Persia. 

1196
01:00:52,040 --> 01:00:54,560
We'll return to him later 
because he's not going to be in 

1197
01:00:54,560 --> 01:00:57,640
play for a bit, but damn, you 
screw that one up. 

1198
01:00:57,640 --> 01:01:00,360
Athens. 
So they sent a different guy in 

1199
01:01:00,360 --> 01:01:04,320
charge, Satessicles, which whose
name is really close to 

1200
01:01:04,320 --> 01:01:07,760
Testicles. 
He sailed into Korkyra despite 

1201
01:01:07,760 --> 01:01:09,240
the blockade. 
He pulled a Davos. 

1202
01:01:09,240 --> 01:01:12,040
He snuck in at night. 
Manassas didn't see it coming 

1203
01:01:12,040 --> 01:01:13,920
because he was watching, you 
know, well, you can't see at 

1204
01:01:13,920 --> 01:01:16,240
night. 
So clever move there. 

1205
01:01:16,360 --> 01:01:20,880
So he didn't realize that a new 
leader had arrived and morale 

1206
01:01:20,880 --> 01:01:23,200
had been greatly boosted. 
They were on the verge of giving

1207
01:01:23,200 --> 01:01:24,240
up. 
They were starving all of a 

1208
01:01:24,240 --> 01:01:25,800
sudden. 
I mean, it was presumably he 

1209
01:01:25,800 --> 01:01:29,520
brought some food with him too. 
So refreshed leadership there. 

1210
01:01:29,520 --> 01:01:32,280
They were not going to give up. 
Manassas still thinking any 

1211
01:01:32,280 --> 01:01:33,800
minute now they're going to, 
they're going to bail. 

1212
01:01:33,920 --> 01:01:36,320
Nope. 
And, you know, this, this whole 

1213
01:01:36,320 --> 01:01:38,120
watching the towers thing goes 
both ways. 

1214
01:01:38,120 --> 01:01:40,560
Manassas was able to see the 
problems with inside the city. 

1215
01:01:40,920 --> 01:01:46,640
Well, the city Watch of Corkaira
started to take notice of the 

1216
01:01:46,640 --> 01:01:49,920
fact that, you know, Monasapus's
army seems a little smaller. 

1217
01:01:50,040 --> 01:01:51,840
Remember, he was sending 
mercenaries home because he 

1218
01:01:51,840 --> 01:01:55,720
didn't think he needed them. 
So they're like, they think 

1219
01:01:55,720 --> 01:01:59,680
we're weak, they're getting 
weaker, they think they're on 

1220
01:01:59,680 --> 01:02:01,560
the attack. 
What happens if we attack them? 

1221
01:02:01,560 --> 01:02:03,880
They were that what a surprise 
that would be, right? 

1222
01:02:04,080 --> 01:02:06,960
Monasapus did not see it coming 
because he didn't think they had

1223
01:02:06,960 --> 01:02:08,360
fresh troops. 
He thought everyone in there was

1224
01:02:08,360 --> 01:02:12,080
starving wrong, because these 
Athenian soldiers had showed up.

1225
01:02:12,520 --> 01:02:17,280
So they Sally forth an attack. 
Monasapus, he's a Spartan, wars 

1226
01:02:17,280 --> 01:02:19,600
his business. 
He's not terribly caught off 

1227
01:02:19,600 --> 01:02:22,840
guard. 
He gets his men together, orders

1228
01:02:22,840 --> 01:02:25,080
his officers, you know, get the 
mercenaries ready. 

1229
01:02:25,360 --> 01:02:29,200
His officers say, Sir, these men
haven't been paid in two months,

1230
01:02:29,200 --> 01:02:32,520
can we really count on them? 
To which he replied with his 

1231
01:02:32,520 --> 01:02:33,880
spear. 
He beat them. 

1232
01:02:34,040 --> 01:02:37,080
Two different officers he 
smacked with his spear, which is

1233
01:02:37,080 --> 01:02:40,200
what Spartan officers do when 
lesser's buck authority. 

1234
01:02:40,200 --> 01:02:43,560
That's it's. 
But I can only imagine what the 

1235
01:02:43,560 --> 01:02:46,080
subordinates were thinking. 
Yo beating us? 

1236
01:02:46,440 --> 01:02:48,480
That's not going to make the 
mercenary troops more loyal. 

1237
01:02:49,040 --> 01:02:51,440
They're not Spartans, they're 
mercenaries. 

1238
01:02:51,680 --> 01:02:54,880
You can't use Spartan discipline
on non Spartans. 

1239
01:02:54,880 --> 01:02:57,000
They didn't grow up with this 
you goof. 

1240
01:02:57,600 --> 01:03:01,040
Yet they're still Spartans, 
they're still badass, they're 

1241
01:03:01,040 --> 01:03:04,320
still bred for war. 
Even though not many of them are

1242
01:03:04,320 --> 01:03:06,800
actual Spartans. 
They followed orders, the 

1243
01:03:06,800 --> 01:03:09,080
mercenaries did their job even 
though they weren't happy about 

1244
01:03:09,080 --> 01:03:10,600
it. 
Morale was bad, but it still 

1245
01:03:10,600 --> 01:03:14,480
worked, at least at first. 
So they pushed back to Sally, 

1246
01:03:14,480 --> 01:03:16,760
back towards the city and kept 
pushing. 

1247
01:03:16,960 --> 01:03:18,440
So they get close enough to the 
walls. 

1248
01:03:18,440 --> 01:03:20,200
You know what happens when they 
get close enough to the walls? 

1249
01:03:20,200 --> 01:03:22,040
The citizens and the other 
people start throwing shit. 

1250
01:03:22,040 --> 01:03:25,920
They're like AB missiles, 
arrows, Spears, cups, roof 

1251
01:03:25,920 --> 01:03:27,920
tiles, whatever. 
So the Spartans back off. 

1252
01:03:27,920 --> 01:03:29,400
They're like, ah, OK, we got too
close. 

1253
01:03:29,400 --> 01:03:30,480
We shouldn't have gotten this 
close. 

1254
01:03:31,160 --> 01:03:33,200
They're holding bravely, trying 
to back off. 

1255
01:03:33,760 --> 01:03:36,400
It looks their back off looks 
like a retreat. 

1256
01:03:36,400 --> 01:03:41,680
And a smaller detachment of 
Athenians and locals comes out 

1257
01:03:41,680 --> 01:03:44,880
of a side gate and attacks a 
sortie. 

1258
01:03:45,080 --> 01:03:47,200
And the Spartans hold off that 
army, too. 

1259
01:03:47,320 --> 01:03:49,680
But everyone inside who's 
watching from the walls, like 

1260
01:03:49,680 --> 01:03:53,520
you got to imagine like a lot of
the citizens are watching. 

1261
01:03:53,880 --> 01:03:56,440
Their fate depends on this. 
This is, you know, they're not 

1262
01:03:56,440 --> 01:03:58,320
necessarily participating. 
They just want to see what 

1263
01:03:58,320 --> 01:04:00,000
happens. 
Like they might die or live 

1264
01:04:00,000 --> 01:04:02,320
based on the result of this. 
All of a sudden they're thinking

1265
01:04:02,520 --> 01:04:04,920
maybe we should join in. 
Maybe we shouldn't just watch. 

1266
01:04:05,560 --> 01:04:09,000
We're getting the upper hand. 
I I've got a knife, you know, 

1267
01:04:09,000 --> 01:04:11,200
I've got a spear. 
Why not run out there and help 

1268
01:04:11,200 --> 01:04:14,040
my fellow citizens? 
That's exactly what happened. 

1269
01:04:14,040 --> 01:04:17,720
The whole citizenry, or at least
a lot of them, emerge from the 

1270
01:04:17,720 --> 01:04:19,960
front gates to help the 
soldiers. 

1271
01:04:20,360 --> 01:04:22,160
And that's just too much for the
Spartans. 

1272
01:04:22,760 --> 01:04:26,080
Monasapus is overrun and killed 
along with many of his men. 

1273
01:04:26,680 --> 01:04:29,680
Now he had left his second in 
command back in their base to 

1274
01:04:29,680 --> 01:04:31,760
guard things. 
Not every single soldier they 

1275
01:04:31,760 --> 01:04:34,360
had was there on the field. 
They find out what happens. 

1276
01:04:34,360 --> 01:04:36,800
The second in command is like, 
we got a jet. 

1277
01:04:36,800 --> 01:04:38,240
This is bad. 
We just lost. 

1278
01:04:38,240 --> 01:04:40,400
So he flees with as many men as 
he can. 

1279
01:04:40,800 --> 01:04:42,480
And whatever ships they can 
take. 

1280
01:04:43,400 --> 01:04:46,160
They had to flee so quickly that
they did not take all the people

1281
01:04:46,160 --> 01:04:48,640
they were planning to enslave, 
all those starving people that 

1282
01:04:48,640 --> 01:04:51,600
they captured. 
Most of those regained their 

1283
01:04:51,600 --> 01:04:54,720
freedom, although they were 
forever seen as cowards by their

1284
01:04:54,720 --> 01:04:56,960
fellow citizens. 
But that's better than being 

1285
01:04:56,960 --> 01:04:59,920
enslaved. 
But let's not forget there were 

1286
01:04:59,920 --> 01:05:01,880
still those ships on the way 
from Syracuse, right? 

1287
01:05:02,080 --> 01:05:04,240
Those still hadn't arrived yet. 
And they, of course, didn't know

1288
01:05:04,240 --> 01:05:05,200
what had happened in the 
interim. 

1289
01:05:05,200 --> 01:05:06,360
They'd been at sea all this 
time. 

1290
01:05:07,000 --> 01:05:11,200
But however, however, also on 
the way was Iffiqrites. 

1291
01:05:11,200 --> 01:05:13,880
Remember what I said he was let 
go from. 

1292
01:05:13,880 --> 01:05:16,800
He escaped Egypt and they 
investigated him and put him in 

1293
01:05:16,800 --> 01:05:18,480
charge of the Navy. 
Well, this is when that 

1294
01:05:18,480 --> 01:05:22,160
happened. 
So he sailed West and put on a 

1295
01:05:22,160 --> 01:05:25,240
show of leadership that just, 
it's very much the polar 

1296
01:05:25,240 --> 01:05:26,920
opposite to what Monasapus just 
did. 

1297
01:05:27,160 --> 01:05:29,200
It makes for a great story here 
to show these opposites. 

1298
01:05:29,440 --> 01:05:33,320
So he had a lot of rookies on 
his ships because this war has 

1299
01:05:33,320 --> 01:05:35,120
been going on for a while back 
and lots of different wars are 

1300
01:05:35,120 --> 01:05:36,160
happening. 
They already sent a bunch of 

1301
01:05:36,160 --> 01:05:39,080
soldiers out. 
So his crews were mostly green. 

1302
01:05:39,760 --> 01:05:41,280
He's like, well, and he knows 
what he has to do. 

1303
01:05:41,280 --> 01:05:43,000
He's going, well, how am I going
to prepare them for this? 

1304
01:05:43,000 --> 01:05:45,560
I, I can't sail into battle with
these green crews. 

1305
01:05:45,800 --> 01:05:47,160
I got to get them some 
experience. 

1306
01:05:47,280 --> 01:05:51,640
So he organized games, things 
like fastest to shore at night, 

1307
01:05:51,640 --> 01:05:55,400
gets the biggest dinner, fastest
back out to sea gets a wreath. 

1308
01:05:55,400 --> 01:05:57,720
They made it. 
He turned, he gamified, Right. 

1309
01:05:57,720 --> 01:06:00,000
That's a modern thing. 
He did this back then. 

1310
01:06:00,000 --> 01:06:03,200
It was very clever. 
And of course, their motivation 

1311
01:06:03,200 --> 01:06:06,120
to win is making them stronger 
and faster and more adept. 

1312
01:06:06,120 --> 01:06:08,960
They're eager to train and get 
better. 

1313
01:06:08,960 --> 01:06:12,360
It's genius. 
It's also just like kind of 

1314
01:06:12,360 --> 01:06:15,120
straightforward. 
Treat your men well. 

1315
01:06:15,120 --> 01:06:18,960
Give them something to work for.
Don't just tell them what to do.

1316
01:06:18,960 --> 01:06:21,480
Don't make demands. 
Give encouragement. 

1317
01:06:21,960 --> 01:06:25,560
Also, you got to have, you know,
you also got to have the the 

1318
01:06:25,560 --> 01:06:28,160
threat behind it all. 
You know, if you don't do your 

1319
01:06:28,160 --> 01:06:30,800
job, there's still that threat. 
It's still a military but but 

1320
01:06:30,800 --> 01:06:34,520
you lead with plus rather than 
minus. 

1321
01:06:34,520 --> 01:06:38,480
The minus is when you need it. 
The Spartans would lead with the

1322
01:06:38,480 --> 01:06:40,520
minus like you're bad. 
You do what I say. 

1323
01:06:41,280 --> 01:06:44,320
Nah, Athenians are this 
especially this Athenian did it 

1324
01:06:44,320 --> 01:06:46,160
differently. 
He's like, no, I encourage you 

1325
01:06:46,160 --> 01:06:47,560
all. 
I want you to do your best. 

1326
01:06:47,760 --> 01:06:52,080
I'm with you, right? 
You can see why this is very, 

1327
01:06:52,080 --> 01:06:54,560
very favorable and and 
preferable. 

1328
01:06:54,760 --> 01:06:59,160
So he got there first in part 
because his men were training 

1329
01:06:59,160 --> 01:07:01,120
and working and eager on the 
way. 

1330
01:07:01,760 --> 01:07:03,720
And he found out what was 
happening. 

1331
01:07:03,720 --> 01:07:06,080
He's like, OK, so you guys have 
already done really well here. 

1332
01:07:06,080 --> 01:07:10,240
Good job on pushing back this 
Spartan Manassepus, but we've 

1333
01:07:10,240 --> 01:07:13,240
got more enemies coming, right? 
So they were sneaky, they held 

1334
01:07:13,240 --> 01:07:15,600
off and they waited. 
And when the Syracuse and ships 

1335
01:07:15,600 --> 01:07:19,200
showed up, they basically 
ambushed him, caught all but one

1336
01:07:19,200 --> 01:07:23,920
ship, and he captured their 
commander, Critipus, who he was 

1337
01:07:23,920 --> 01:07:25,320
going to ransom and get some 
cash for. 

1338
01:07:25,320 --> 01:07:28,120
But Critipus took his own life 
in captivity, captivity. 

1339
01:07:28,120 --> 01:07:31,560
So that didn't happen. 
And then now this Corkaira is a 

1340
01:07:31,680 --> 01:07:35,200
is on the island, like I said of
Corfu, it was called now, but 

1341
01:07:35,200 --> 01:07:37,280
this isn't the only city on the 
island then or now. 

1342
01:07:37,880 --> 01:07:41,600
So if Fikrites's job was to 
finish the job, his job was to 

1343
01:07:41,600 --> 01:07:43,320
finish the job. 
Nice little bit of repetition 

1344
01:07:43,320 --> 01:07:44,600
there. 
He took all the rest of the 

1345
01:07:44,600 --> 01:07:47,160
island, the smaller cities and 
such, and he didn't have much 

1346
01:07:47,160 --> 01:07:50,560
trouble with it because he had 
these very motivated troops. 

1347
01:07:50,720 --> 01:07:54,960
Quarkarians were much more 
predisposed towards the 

1348
01:07:54,960 --> 01:07:59,240
Athenians than the Spartans. 
Even though it was quarkarian 

1349
01:07:59,240 --> 01:08:01,760
oligarchs who invited the 
Spartans in the 1st place, the 

1350
01:08:01,760 --> 01:08:04,160
run-of-the-mill quarkarians were
not on board with that. 

1351
01:08:04,800 --> 01:08:07,600
So that's very successful. 
Ethiquity is kind of wanted out 

1352
01:08:08,040 --> 01:08:10,280
now. 
Remember our author, historian, 

1353
01:08:10,280 --> 01:08:13,480
soldier Xenophon, the Athenian 
guy who loved Sparta, who was 

1354
01:08:13,480 --> 01:08:16,760
friends with Ajis Elias who 
lived in Sparta on in the state 

1355
01:08:16,760 --> 01:08:20,000
they gave him? 
He's our source for these 

1356
01:08:20,000 --> 01:08:23,600
leadership tales. 
Get that straight here. 

1357
01:08:23,720 --> 01:08:25,040
Make sure you understand what 
I'm saying. 

1358
01:08:25,640 --> 01:08:28,479
The guy who hates his own 
country and loves Sparta 

1359
01:08:28,479 --> 01:08:32,040
brutally criticized Manasipus 
and praised the hell out of 

1360
01:08:32,040 --> 01:08:35,920
ethiquity. 
So for once, the guy was honest 

1361
01:08:35,920 --> 01:08:40,120
because there's a lot of times 
where Xenophon's histories are a

1362
01:08:40,120 --> 01:08:42,840
little sketchy because he's just
so blatant with his biases. 

1363
01:08:42,840 --> 01:08:45,240
He just leaves things out. 
He hates Thebes, for example. 

1364
01:08:45,240 --> 01:08:47,279
He just leaves them out of 
things that they did. 

1365
01:08:47,840 --> 01:08:51,240
But in this case, he was honest 
and it's pretty cool. 

1366
01:08:52,000 --> 01:08:58,319
So I mean, for example, Xenophon
will just ignore the fact that 

1367
01:08:58,319 --> 01:09:00,080
Palapados or Epamondas did 
something. 

1368
01:09:00,080 --> 01:09:02,960
He just leaves them out. 
Sometimes the footnotes in his 

1369
01:09:02,960 --> 01:09:05,000
book are really something the 
historians are like. 

1370
01:09:05,319 --> 01:09:09,600
Again, he leaves out the deeds 
like this guy, but other times 

1371
01:09:09,600 --> 01:09:10,960
his he's the only source for 
things. 

1372
01:09:10,960 --> 01:09:13,920
And when if he's not talking 
about Thebes, you can kind of 

1373
01:09:13,920 --> 01:09:16,680
trust him. 
Anyway, it's what we have now. 

1374
01:09:16,680 --> 01:09:18,640
All that was for Korkaira. 
What about Zakynthos? 

1375
01:09:19,080 --> 01:09:21,120
Well, I don't actually have that
much to say about Zakynthos. 

1376
01:09:21,120 --> 01:09:24,640
There is no detailed history of 
what actually happened. 

1377
01:09:24,720 --> 01:09:29,240
We believe that Athens just held
on, they kept it and Sparta had 

1378
01:09:29,240 --> 01:09:30,800
to back off and other things 
happened. 

1379
01:09:30,800 --> 01:09:34,120
And we're not sure either way, 
Timotheus must have been a 

1380
01:09:34,120 --> 01:09:36,479
little bitter. 
He set all this up. 

1381
01:09:36,760 --> 01:09:40,080
He it was his allies that 
supplied a lot of the troops 

1382
01:09:40,080 --> 01:09:42,200
that did the work. 
And then they won. 

1383
01:09:42,479 --> 01:09:45,920
And the victory in the credit 
went to a ficker tease in 

1384
01:09:45,920 --> 01:09:49,080
Wikipedia, which is a sometimes 
a good source. 

1385
01:09:49,080 --> 01:09:51,800
I can't use it too much for 
these things because the sources

1386
01:09:51,800 --> 01:09:54,760
disagree so much. 
You might find a Wikipedia 

1387
01:09:54,760 --> 01:09:59,200
article that quotes Theodorus 
here and another one on a very 

1388
01:09:59,200 --> 01:10:02,840
related topic that uses Xenophon
and they dis completely 

1389
01:10:02,840 --> 01:10:04,520
disagree. 
Or they disagree a little. 

1390
01:10:04,520 --> 01:10:06,520
Like ones this year. 
One will say it's two years 

1391
01:10:06,520 --> 01:10:10,320
later and both of these 
historians have made obvious 

1392
01:10:10,400 --> 01:10:12,880
mistakes. 
But if you go to Wikipedia right

1393
01:10:12,880 --> 01:10:16,560
now, it will say if thicker Tees
won the Corcarian campaign. 

1394
01:10:17,280 --> 01:10:19,360
But I just got through telling 
you how many other people were 

1395
01:10:19,360 --> 01:10:22,160
involved in that. 
So it's a really good example of

1396
01:10:22,760 --> 01:10:26,680
popularity going to one place or
one person getting the credit 

1397
01:10:26,680 --> 01:10:27,960
for something that other people 
did. 

1398
01:10:27,960 --> 01:10:30,440
Now, he does get partial credit.
It's not like this is a complete

1399
01:10:30,440 --> 01:10:32,760
scam here. 
But this again, Tyrion. 

1400
01:10:33,200 --> 01:10:35,880
Tyrion, we've compared to 
Timotheus here a bunch of times.

1401
01:10:35,880 --> 01:10:37,720
And what happened at the Battle 
of Blackwater. 

1402
01:10:37,720 --> 01:10:39,680
He did a lot. 
He may have been the single most

1403
01:10:39,680 --> 01:10:44,440
important Lannister leader there
yet Tywin got so much credit 

1404
01:10:44,440 --> 01:10:47,720
because he won the last part of 
the battle. 

1405
01:10:47,720 --> 01:10:49,960
He finished it. 
That's very much what happened 

1406
01:10:49,960 --> 01:10:52,000
with Aficretes here. 
Aficretes got an undue amount of

1407
01:10:52,000 --> 01:10:55,000
credit because he's the one that
finished it, rather than doing 

1408
01:10:55,000 --> 01:10:56,880
the more difficult work of 
getting it started. 

1409
01:10:57,320 --> 01:10:59,280
I don't think anyone here would 
argue that Aficretes had a 

1410
01:10:59,280 --> 01:11:02,040
harder job. 
I think that the defeating 

1411
01:11:02,040 --> 01:11:06,000
Monasapus with starving 
Korkarians seems like a more 

1412
01:11:06,000 --> 01:11:12,040
impressive thing. 
But anyway, let's talk about 

1413
01:11:12,040 --> 01:11:17,600
something entirely different. 
Helika on the southern side of 

1414
01:11:17,600 --> 01:11:20,440
the Corinthian Gulf, there are a
whole bunch of small rivers 

1415
01:11:20,440 --> 01:11:22,960
which serve as borders for a 
whole mess of city states. 

1416
01:11:22,960 --> 01:11:26,520
This is the realm of IKEA. 
Ache is putting it up on the 

1417
01:11:26,520 --> 01:11:29,200
map. 
One of these cities was called 

1418
01:11:29,200 --> 01:11:33,320
Helica. 
Emphasis on the word was it 

1419
01:11:33,320 --> 01:11:35,440
fought with Agamemnon in the 
Trojan War. 

1420
01:11:35,800 --> 01:11:39,920
And these this IKEA, this place 
called IKEA eventually became 

1421
01:11:39,920 --> 01:11:43,160
the IKEA League. 
And Helica was often the head of

1422
01:11:43,160 --> 01:11:46,720
the Ikean League and was 
sometimes called Dodecopolis 

1423
01:11:47,280 --> 01:11:49,600
City of 12 because it ruled the 
12 Acadian cities. 

1424
01:11:50,320 --> 01:11:53,240
People have been living there 
since 3000 BC or so. 

1425
01:11:53,240 --> 01:11:56,560
Like a lot of ancient Greek 
sites, some of these places have

1426
01:11:56,560 --> 01:12:00,240
had people for just longer than 
even archaeology can be sure 

1427
01:12:00,240 --> 01:12:03,160
about, but they're sure it's 
pretty damn far back. 

1428
01:12:03,840 --> 01:12:08,040
Their patron God was Poseidon. 
Now Poseidon is called the Lord 

1429
01:12:08,040 --> 01:12:10,880
of Helicon for reasons not 
entirely known, but the name 

1430
01:12:10,880 --> 01:12:12,440
similarity is undoubtable. 
Helicon. 

1431
01:12:12,440 --> 01:12:15,680
Helica, now not uncommon in 
Greece, generally speaking, but 

1432
01:12:15,680 --> 01:12:18,880
especially common not just on 
the coast, but in but around 

1433
01:12:18,880 --> 01:12:20,480
places like this. 
Earthquakes, lots of 

1434
01:12:20,480 --> 01:12:23,440
earthquakes. 
The Peloponnese southern portion

1435
01:12:23,440 --> 01:12:26,760
of Greece, which this is the 
northern part of, is the 

1436
01:12:26,760 --> 01:12:29,160
residence of Poseidon. 
That's the common name for it. 

1437
01:12:29,760 --> 01:12:32,200
Poseidon is the God of the sea, 
as you all well know, probably, 

1438
01:12:32,200 --> 01:12:33,960
but he's also the God of 
earthquakes. 

1439
01:12:34,240 --> 01:12:37,480
One of his most common epithets,
perhaps his most common epithet 

1440
01:12:37,480 --> 01:12:40,400
was Earthshaker. 
And the connection between the 

1441
01:12:40,400 --> 01:12:42,800
two is straightforward, 
especially if you're a culture 

1442
01:12:42,800 --> 01:12:45,000
familiar with the connection 
which they very much were. 

1443
01:12:45,000 --> 01:12:48,840
Which is to say, earthquakes are
very often followed by floods, 

1444
01:12:49,280 --> 01:12:50,480
right? 
We all know that. 

1445
01:12:50,640 --> 01:12:53,080
And each magnifies the damage 
caused by the other. 

1446
01:12:53,560 --> 01:12:56,640
Less straightforward is 
Poseidon's connection to horses.

1447
01:12:57,000 --> 01:12:59,360
He's often considered the tamer 
of horses. 

1448
01:12:59,360 --> 01:13:00,840
Maybe that's because 
earthquakes, I don't know. 

1449
01:13:01,360 --> 01:13:03,600
The galloping of horses can feel
like an earthquake. 

1450
01:13:03,600 --> 01:13:06,680
So the that vibe is familiar at 
least. 

1451
01:13:07,040 --> 01:13:11,760
But here is a Homeric verse that
I believe speaks to some of 

1452
01:13:11,760 --> 01:13:12,960
this. 
It's pretty cool. 

1453
01:13:13,560 --> 01:13:17,840
I begin to sing about Poseidon, 
the great God, mover of the 

1454
01:13:17,840 --> 01:13:21,360
earth and fruitless sea, God of 
the deep, who is also Lord of 

1455
01:13:21,360 --> 01:13:24,320
Helicon and wide AGI A2 fold 
office. 

1456
01:13:24,320 --> 01:13:27,720
The gods allotted you, O Shaker 
of the earth, to be a tamer of 

1457
01:13:27,720 --> 01:13:32,760
horses and a savior of ships. 
Now, horses also our connection 

1458
01:13:32,760 --> 01:13:35,080
to those northern Greek city 
states like Thessaly and 

1459
01:13:35,080 --> 01:13:37,800
Macedonia, these horse country 
states, whereas like Sparta is 

1460
01:13:37,800 --> 01:13:40,160
not Athens, is only a little 
bit. 

1461
01:13:40,720 --> 01:13:42,240
It's not. 
It's not horse country. 

1462
01:13:42,240 --> 01:13:43,680
It's very straightforward in 
that sense. 

1463
01:13:44,400 --> 01:13:47,240
Now, the inhabitants of ancient 
Helico who are listening right 

1464
01:13:47,240 --> 01:13:48,400
now, which I'm sure there's lots
of. 

1465
01:13:48,400 --> 01:13:50,960
Y'all, you're thinking, wait, 
where are you going with this? 

1466
01:13:51,160 --> 01:13:54,040
What's all this about? 
Earthquakes and floods in our 

1467
01:13:54,040 --> 01:13:57,440
city was what is this? 
What are you going? 

1468
01:13:57,560 --> 01:13:59,120
Sorry, y'all. 
Yeah, things are indeed about to

1469
01:13:59,120 --> 01:14:01,920
go down. 
And I do mean your city in the 

1470
01:14:01,920 --> 01:14:05,640
winter of 373, they were columns
of flame described in the sky. 

1471
01:14:05,640 --> 01:14:08,200
Now, this isn't one of those. 
I know you might be thinking one

1472
01:14:08,200 --> 01:14:14,640
of those retrospective added 
pieces of signs that happened 

1473
01:14:14,640 --> 01:14:17,880
that people said happened before
some great event like, oh, yeah,

1474
01:14:17,880 --> 01:14:20,040
there were signs for that. 
No, there really were. 

1475
01:14:20,040 --> 01:14:22,760
This really happened because 
this is an unknown natural 

1476
01:14:22,760 --> 01:14:26,040
phenomena. 
When there's tectonic activity, 

1477
01:14:27,000 --> 01:14:29,120
sometimes there are lights kind 
of like northern light type 

1478
01:14:29,120 --> 01:14:32,280
things that pop off in the sky 
above where that tectonic 

1479
01:14:32,280 --> 01:14:34,600
activity is happening. 
And that's what this was. 

1480
01:14:35,080 --> 01:14:40,200
And more directly, animals left 
a bunch of animals like 5 days 

1481
01:14:40,200 --> 01:14:42,880
before what happened. 
A bunch of like all the animals 

1482
01:14:42,880 --> 01:14:44,920
went inland. 
Boy, that's scary isn't it? 

1483
01:14:44,920 --> 01:14:46,720
Now we know that's a natural 
phenomena. 

1484
01:14:46,720 --> 01:14:48,800
The animals know what's 
happening to to the Greeks. 

1485
01:14:49,400 --> 01:14:52,040
Some of them would have seen it 
as natural phenomena, most of 

1486
01:14:52,040 --> 01:14:55,240
would have seen it as an omen. 
Some would have seen it as both.

1487
01:14:55,960 --> 01:14:58,640
Now, the Roman historian Seneca 
many years later wrote that it 

1488
01:14:58,640 --> 01:15:01,280
was a comet. 
But this was probably the. 

1489
01:15:01,880 --> 01:15:04,560
It's actually called Earthquake 
Lightning, which is a really 

1490
01:15:04,560 --> 01:15:06,080
cool name. 
There's actually other names for

1491
01:15:06,080 --> 01:15:08,280
it, but Earthquake Lightning is 
the coolest name of of the 

1492
01:15:08,280 --> 01:15:10,640
several names. 
So, yeah. 

1493
01:15:10,640 --> 01:15:14,440
So that's probably what it was. 
Now you can kind of understand 

1494
01:15:14,440 --> 01:15:17,040
the ancients not understanding 
what was going on, not 

1495
01:15:17,040 --> 01:15:21,240
thoroughly, But why would you 
stay if all the animals leave? 

1496
01:15:21,680 --> 01:15:24,720
Maybe because you don't have 
anywhere to go, but still, if 

1497
01:15:24,720 --> 01:15:26,720
you're really superstitious and 
the animals leave and there's 

1498
01:15:26,720 --> 01:15:29,520
flames in the sky, that's not a 
good omen, right? 

1499
01:15:29,600 --> 01:15:32,440
I, I mean, omens are interpreted
in a variety of ways, but it's 

1500
01:15:32,440 --> 01:15:33,960
really hard for me to think that
was a good one. 

1501
01:15:34,400 --> 01:15:39,680
Anyway, there was a, also an 
after the fact reason for all 

1502
01:15:39,680 --> 01:15:41,400
this. 
There have been colonists from 

1503
01:15:41,400 --> 01:15:44,880
Helica that settled in Ionia. 
Like this is the, the, these 

1504
01:15:44,880 --> 01:15:47,880
were the kind of the source of a
lot of the Ionian colonists, 

1505
01:15:47,880 --> 01:15:50,080
including the Ionian islands 
that we just talked about. 

1506
01:15:50,680 --> 01:15:55,680
Now, they wanted to have a copy 
of the Poseidon statue that was 

1507
01:15:55,680 --> 01:16:00,600
at Helica so they could have the
same representation, But there's

1508
01:16:00,600 --> 01:16:04,680
different stories about the 
Helicans saying no to going as 

1509
01:16:04,680 --> 01:16:06,880
far as killing the people who 
asked. 

1510
01:16:06,880 --> 01:16:09,520
That's probably an exaggeration.
But either way, Poseidon was 

1511
01:16:09,520 --> 01:16:12,360
pissed about something because 
five days after the animals 

1512
01:16:12,360 --> 01:16:16,200
fled, there was an earthquake 
and shortly after there was a 

1513
01:16:16,200 --> 01:16:19,840
tsunami and it flooded. 
The entire city was flooded, 

1514
01:16:20,440 --> 01:16:22,240
even though it was a mile and a 
quarter inland. 

1515
01:16:22,240 --> 01:16:25,680
So a hole that far inland and it
was still completely submerged. 

1516
01:16:26,040 --> 01:16:28,200
There were 10 Spartan ships 
there at anchor. 

1517
01:16:28,200 --> 01:16:30,000
They vanished. 
Just gone. 

1518
01:16:30,520 --> 01:16:32,320
You got to wonder what the 
Spartans thought about that, 

1519
01:16:32,320 --> 01:16:34,120
given how pious they were. 
And they were like, what did we 

1520
01:16:34,120 --> 01:16:35,720
do wrong? 
Whoops. 

1521
01:16:35,880 --> 01:16:38,080
Sorry, Poseidon. 
I we're sorry. 

1522
01:16:38,080 --> 01:16:39,320
What? 
What do we need to do to make it

1523
01:16:39,320 --> 01:16:42,640
up to you? 
2000 men got together to try to 

1524
01:16:42,640 --> 01:16:45,240
recover bodies. 
Again, very important to recover

1525
01:16:45,240 --> 01:16:47,560
bodies in ancient Greece. 
They got nothing. 

1526
01:16:47,720 --> 01:16:52,320
They found no bodies, as far as 
we're told, so this is very 

1527
01:16:52,320 --> 01:16:54,960
confusing from a religious point
of view. 

1528
01:16:54,960 --> 01:16:58,200
Right there they were. 
Must have been massive calls to 

1529
01:16:58,200 --> 01:17:00,760
placate Poseidon, things like 
that. 

1530
01:17:01,600 --> 01:17:06,360
But this same earthquake also 
destroyed the Temple of Apollo 

1531
01:17:06,360 --> 01:17:10,720
at Delphi, which was one of the 
most important temples in all of

1532
01:17:10,720 --> 01:17:13,440
Greece. 
It's a really special rich 

1533
01:17:13,440 --> 01:17:16,240
temple. 
And I guess the interpretation 

1534
01:17:16,240 --> 01:17:18,480
was like, Poseidon's mad at 
Apollo. 

1535
01:17:18,480 --> 01:17:21,400
They're fighting each other. 
The actual priestess was killed 

1536
01:17:21,640 --> 01:17:24,560
by the earthquake, which is, 
whoa, that's a big deal, too. 

1537
01:17:25,040 --> 01:17:26,440
So of course, what does Greece 
do? 

1538
01:17:27,240 --> 01:17:29,080
They're like, well, we got to 
build a new one. 

1539
01:17:29,120 --> 01:17:31,240
So they started creating, They 
started collecting funds. 

1540
01:17:31,240 --> 01:17:33,560
Everyone around the entire 
continent. 

1541
01:17:33,680 --> 01:17:35,360
I keep calling it a continent. 
It's not a continent. 

1542
01:17:36,000 --> 01:17:37,720
Everyone around Greece started 
contributing to this. 

1543
01:17:37,840 --> 01:17:40,400
It took decades to do. 
And we'll get back to that when 

1544
01:17:40,400 --> 01:17:42,120
it happened because it's it's 
nowhere near now. 

1545
01:17:42,760 --> 01:17:45,480
When they finished. 
This in turn, triggered 

1546
01:17:45,480 --> 01:17:48,400
historical confusion akin to 
that which Maester Eamonn 

1547
01:17:48,400 --> 01:17:52,040
deduced at the end of his life 
because of a translation error. 

1548
01:17:52,120 --> 01:17:54,400
Yeah, The Princess that was 
promised bit, right? 

1549
01:17:54,400 --> 01:17:56,920
He's like, we thought it was a 
Prince, but it was a Princess, a

1550
01:17:56,920 --> 01:17:59,760
translation error. 
In this case, what happened was 

1551
01:17:59,960 --> 01:18:03,920
the city sank into what ancients
call a chorus. 

1552
01:18:04,960 --> 01:18:07,120
Scholars don't know what that 
word is. 

1553
01:18:08,240 --> 01:18:12,120
The context LED them to believe 
it was the Gulf of Corinth, 

1554
01:18:12,360 --> 01:18:13,920
which is what we saw on the map 
there. 

1555
01:18:14,000 --> 01:18:15,440
If it Shay, I could put it back 
up for a second. 

1556
01:18:15,440 --> 01:18:19,280
You see, this whole area that 
Achaea exists in is the northern

1557
01:18:19,280 --> 01:18:21,720
shore of the Gulf of Corinth. 
The Gulf of Corinth almost cuts 

1558
01:18:21,720 --> 01:18:24,400
Greece in half entirely, but not
quite. 

1559
01:18:25,280 --> 01:18:28,960
So they argued about what that 
meant and they thought Gulf of 

1560
01:18:28,960 --> 01:18:31,760
Corinth for for long time, 
centuries and centuries. 

1561
01:18:31,760 --> 01:18:35,120
That's what they thought. 
But and also by the way, people 

1562
01:18:35,120 --> 01:18:38,040
considered it from a natural 
scientific POV, even back then, 

1563
01:18:38,040 --> 01:18:39,960
I said that it was mostly 
religious thing, but they're 

1564
01:18:39,960 --> 01:18:44,200
even in the ancient histories, 
people talked openly in our 

1565
01:18:44,200 --> 01:18:47,480
sources and elsewhere about, 
hey, maybe this is just some 

1566
01:18:47,480 --> 01:18:50,200
natural phenomena. 
Pretty cool that that people 

1567
01:18:50,200 --> 01:18:52,640
thought about that way even in a
very, very superstitious time 

1568
01:18:52,640 --> 01:18:55,240
and place. 
But of course, Greeks were very 

1569
01:18:55,440 --> 01:18:58,120
curious and questioning and 
studious and, you know, they, 

1570
01:18:58,160 --> 01:19:01,440
they asked, they wanted to know.
And that's great for us. 

1571
01:19:01,800 --> 01:19:04,600
And now that they were. 
So now a similar earthquake 

1572
01:19:04,600 --> 01:19:08,800
tsunami combo happened there in 
1817, right? 

1573
01:19:08,800 --> 01:19:10,720
So it's, it's periodic, right? 
Yes. 

1574
01:19:10,720 --> 01:19:12,360
In fact, more on that in a 
moment. 

1575
01:19:12,600 --> 01:19:17,120
Jacques Costello looked for it. 
There was just too much evidence

1576
01:19:17,120 --> 01:19:19,160
that it really happened. 
People didn't think it was a 

1577
01:19:19,160 --> 01:19:21,320
myth. 
Just too many ancient sources 

1578
01:19:21,320 --> 01:19:24,800
attested to it. 
Honestly, there were people, it 

1579
01:19:24,800 --> 01:19:26,320
didn't sink all the way out of 
sight at first. 

1580
01:19:26,320 --> 01:19:28,560
It's just now in modern times, 
it sank it, it was, it was, it 

1581
01:19:28,560 --> 01:19:30,760
wasn't visible. 
But at the time, like 300 years 

1582
01:19:30,760 --> 01:19:34,160
later or a little less maybe 
because 300 years later there 

1583
01:19:34,160 --> 01:19:36,000
was another earthquake. 
There's basically an earthquake 

1584
01:19:36,000 --> 01:19:38,840
there every 300 years. 
That's, that was determined in 

1585
01:19:38,840 --> 01:19:42,600
the year 2025. 
A large, very large research 

1586
01:19:42,600 --> 01:19:45,080
project determined this. 
A historical memory would always

1587
01:19:45,080 --> 01:19:47,320
preserve these disasters because
they weren't that far apart and 

1588
01:19:47,800 --> 01:19:52,120
they would always come again. 
So no wonder this place was so 

1589
01:19:52,120 --> 01:19:55,840
dedicated to Poseidon. 
Anyway, Roman tourists would 

1590
01:19:55,840 --> 01:19:58,080
take boat rides over the site 
and you they could look down 

1591
01:19:58,080 --> 01:19:59,600
into the water and still see the
city. 

1592
01:19:59,680 --> 01:20:01,480
That would have been crazy, 
right? 

1593
01:20:01,480 --> 01:20:04,680
To be able to take a boat ride 
over a sunken city and just look

1594
01:20:04,680 --> 01:20:06,200
down. 
You can see the walls. 

1595
01:20:06,680 --> 01:20:10,080
There was a bronze statue of 
Poseidon that still jutted out 

1596
01:20:10,080 --> 01:20:12,080
of the water. 
It was the one thing that hadn't

1597
01:20:12,080 --> 01:20:14,680
sunk completely. 
Think of the ruined Roynar 

1598
01:20:14,680 --> 01:20:16,560
cities, the pole boats, they 
were around there. 

1599
01:20:16,560 --> 01:20:19,600
It's very similar to that. 
And this bronze statue of 

1600
01:20:19,600 --> 01:20:22,040
Poseidon, His hand was jutting 
out of the water, holding a 

1601
01:20:22,040 --> 01:20:24,520
hippocamp, which is. 
A horse fish, it's like a 

1602
01:20:24,520 --> 01:20:28,240
Centaur, but instead of a horse 
body and the head of a man, it's

1603
01:20:28,240 --> 01:20:31,160
the head of a horse and the body
of a fish, more like a Murph, a 

1604
01:20:31,280 --> 01:20:34,920
horse fish. 
A horse made a mur horse anyway.

1605
01:20:35,480 --> 01:20:39,400
And people this, this, this 
statue was like a problem for 

1606
01:20:39,400 --> 01:20:41,640
fishermen because they could get
their Nets stuck on it. 

1607
01:20:41,640 --> 01:20:43,440
And you know, it was so close to
the surface, you had to watch 

1608
01:20:43,440 --> 01:20:46,640
out for it basically out of 
course, over time, you know, 

1609
01:20:46,640 --> 01:20:49,720
there would be there were future
earthquakes and the location got

1610
01:20:49,720 --> 01:20:51,760
lost. 
Now eventually people, so 

1611
01:20:51,760 --> 01:20:55,080
eventually people figured out 
that Poros didn't mean the Gulf 

1612
01:20:55,080 --> 01:20:58,280
of Corinth, it meant lagoon. 
So again, the translation error 

1613
01:20:58,280 --> 01:21:00,840
was figured out. 
And in 1988 it was when that was

1614
01:21:00,840 --> 01:21:05,640
finally figured out 1988 y'all, 
38 years ago, a guy named Steven

1615
01:21:05,640 --> 01:21:10,920
Sotter and Dora Katsunapuppu 
decided and that it must mean 

1616
01:21:10,920 --> 01:21:12,440
lagoon. 
And they were proven right in 

1617
01:21:12,440 --> 01:21:14,400
2001. 
So they had the idea in 88 and 

1618
01:21:14,400 --> 01:21:18,440
proved it 13 years later, and 
that was the beginning of that 

1619
01:21:18,440 --> 01:21:21,040
huge research project that 
revealed all this stuff about 

1620
01:21:21,040 --> 01:21:25,600
the underwater sea and the 
frequency of the earthquakes and

1621
01:21:25,640 --> 01:21:27,360
allowed them to find it. 
They did find it. 

1622
01:21:27,360 --> 01:21:30,600
They found walls, they found 
tiles, they found stuff, they 

1623
01:21:30,600 --> 01:21:33,040
found coins. 
Really incredible. 

1624
01:21:33,880 --> 01:21:36,480
Now, back in the day, one of the
sources that we're using a lot 

1625
01:21:36,480 --> 01:21:38,280
here, Diodorus, he visited, he 
saw it. 

1626
01:21:38,960 --> 01:21:43,040
So did Strabo, Passanius, Ovid, 
Alien, a lot of kind of famous 

1627
01:21:43,040 --> 01:21:46,120
historical names. 
Plato probably visited too. 

1628
01:21:46,920 --> 01:21:50,560
And Plato wrote about Atlantis 
13 years later. 

1629
01:21:51,200 --> 01:21:54,480
Atlantis is just such a mess in 
the modern times, people. 

1630
01:21:54,480 --> 01:21:57,520
There's so many conspiracies and
kind of frankly silly stories 

1631
01:21:57,520 --> 01:21:59,960
about it. 
Plato lived through this, an 

1632
01:21:59,960 --> 01:22:04,200
actual city sinking in his home 
near his homeland, you know, 

1633
01:22:04,200 --> 01:22:07,160
miles away from where he lived. 
You know, a walking distance 

1634
01:22:07,160 --> 01:22:09,280
from where he lived. 
Seriously, that is not an 

1635
01:22:09,280 --> 01:22:11,400
exaggeration. 
And people are. 

1636
01:22:11,600 --> 01:22:15,000
Why do people imagine Atlantis 
was a real place when it sank? 

1637
01:22:15,760 --> 01:22:18,560
Because it attacked Athens. 
All great. 

1638
01:22:18,560 --> 01:22:20,600
Athens. 
It's it's it's destroyed itself.

1639
01:22:20,600 --> 01:22:22,480
It sank into the sea. 
No, it's a metaphor. 

1640
01:22:22,960 --> 01:22:27,080
Countries that get so corrupt 
internally that they start wars 

1641
01:22:27,080 --> 01:22:29,040
with other countries unprovoked.
That. 

1642
01:22:29,160 --> 01:22:31,320
No, we don't know of any other 
examples of that happening in 

1643
01:22:31,320 --> 01:22:33,240
modern times. 
Do we know no one ever starts 

1644
01:22:33,280 --> 01:22:35,240
unprovoked wars to distract from
other things? 

1645
01:22:35,800 --> 01:22:39,960
Never happens in the real world.
Yeah, it happened back then too,

1646
01:22:39,960 --> 01:22:40,640
right. 
Y'all? 

1647
01:22:40,640 --> 01:22:42,920
This is this is how the world 
works. 

1648
01:22:42,920 --> 01:22:46,760
I suppose. 
So Plato was inspired to write 

1649
01:22:46,760 --> 01:22:50,200
about nations that reach their 
end state. 

1650
01:22:50,240 --> 01:22:54,800
End state states when they're 
corrupt and their biggest enemy 

1651
01:22:54,800 --> 01:22:58,640
is themselves. 
But that by extension creates 

1652
01:22:59,040 --> 01:23:01,200
problems for their neighbors 
because they start to attack 

1653
01:23:01,200 --> 01:23:03,080
them. 
Now he's probably talking about 

1654
01:23:03,080 --> 01:23:07,320
Persia, because Persia is the 
one that keeps attacking from 

1655
01:23:07,320 --> 01:23:13,560
afar, so-called advanced nation 
that has existed for a long time

1656
01:23:13,560 --> 01:23:16,960
and is above everybody else is 
so powerful, yet it attacks 

1657
01:23:16,960 --> 01:23:20,360
glorious, mighty, upstanding, 
moral Athens and meets its end. 

1658
01:23:21,640 --> 01:23:24,000
And Plato had all sorts of 
examples. 

1659
01:23:24,000 --> 01:23:26,800
Like in the Republic, he 
imagines the perfect state. 

1660
01:23:26,800 --> 01:23:30,600
He imagines all sorts of 
cultures and writes about them 

1661
01:23:30,600 --> 01:23:33,000
as if they're real. 
That's what he did. 

1662
01:23:33,160 --> 01:23:37,240
He these were metaphorical. 
These were academic studies. 

1663
01:23:37,240 --> 01:23:42,280
These were ways to bring these 
are subject matter to foster 

1664
01:23:42,280 --> 01:23:44,120
other discussions. 
He was a philosopher. 

1665
01:23:45,720 --> 01:23:48,080
It's crazy to think that we have
all these wild ideas about 

1666
01:23:48,080 --> 01:23:51,920
Atlantis when we have this very 
straightforward example that 

1667
01:23:51,960 --> 01:23:55,440
happened 13 years before he 
wrote about it. 

1668
01:23:55,440 --> 01:23:57,560
Like, how could this not be a 
major influence? 

1669
01:23:57,560 --> 01:24:00,960
Like, oh, yeah, I wrote about a 
sunken city that everybody. 

1670
01:24:01,280 --> 01:24:03,320
But it wasn't related to this at
all. 

1671
01:24:03,320 --> 01:24:06,560
Come on, that's ridiculous right
now. 

1672
01:24:06,560 --> 01:24:10,120
The people helic are not like 
the Atlanteans versions are. 

1673
01:24:10,120 --> 01:24:11,560
Like I said, the Carthaginians 
are. 

1674
01:24:11,560 --> 01:24:13,520
And the Carthaginians had a 
similar thing happened. 

1675
01:24:13,520 --> 01:24:15,160
They had overreached and and 
fell back. 

1676
01:24:15,160 --> 01:24:17,640
And I'm I'm not even talking 
about the Carthaginians of Roman

1677
01:24:17,640 --> 01:24:19,600
time because that's obviously 
hasn't happened yet. 

1678
01:24:19,960 --> 01:24:25,680
The messianian civilization of 
Agamemnon and others was also in

1679
01:24:25,680 --> 01:24:27,120
part destroyed due to 
earthquakes. 

1680
01:24:27,600 --> 01:24:30,480
The Isle of Crete, where their 
power structures lay a lot of 

1681
01:24:30,480 --> 01:24:33,880
the old Nossos Minoan 
civilization ruled from prior to

1682
01:24:33,880 --> 01:24:37,360
Agamemnon and the Mycenaeans was
particularly vulnerable to that 

1683
01:24:37,360 --> 01:24:38,560
as well. 
They were they had a whole 

1684
01:24:38,560 --> 01:24:41,880
palace culture, but all these 
palaces were destroyed by 

1685
01:24:41,880 --> 01:24:44,120
earthquakes and that all 
literally collapsed. 

1686
01:24:44,600 --> 01:24:47,320
Minoan Santorini, the Isle of 
Santorini, some of y'all may 

1687
01:24:47,320 --> 01:24:49,000
have heard of that was destroyed
by a volcano. 

1688
01:24:49,000 --> 01:24:53,120
It it it kind of looks like it's
like a like a Crescent with some

1689
01:24:53,120 --> 01:24:55,720
islands in center of it. 
George made a version of that. 

1690
01:24:55,720 --> 01:24:57,400
What is that one called? 
It is Mara High. 

1691
01:24:57,560 --> 01:25:00,040
See, this is Santorini. 
Yeah. 

1692
01:25:00,040 --> 01:25:02,160
George's inspiration from 
ancient Greece is all over the 

1693
01:25:02,160 --> 01:25:02,680
place. 
Right. 

1694
01:25:03,280 --> 01:25:09,240
So that is my tale of Atlantis 
and the inspiration of Atlantis.

1695
01:25:09,280 --> 01:25:12,880
And can you guys believe that's 
not a more well known story? 

1696
01:25:12,880 --> 01:25:16,880
It's so blatantly connected to 
Plato, who created Atlantis, yet

1697
01:25:16,880 --> 01:25:18,320
people just don't talk about 
this very much. 

1698
01:25:18,320 --> 01:25:20,600
It blows my mind. 
Like, it's so straightforward. 

1699
01:25:20,760 --> 01:25:23,600
Anyway, one last tidbit before 
we take a break. 

1700
01:25:23,720 --> 01:25:25,920
An interesting footnote about 
dates and reckonings. 

1701
01:25:26,040 --> 01:25:28,600
Again, they didn't have dates. 
Remember that example about the 

1702
01:25:28,600 --> 01:25:31,480
taxation grain tax in the year 
of the Archon ship of 

1703
01:25:31,480 --> 01:25:33,960
Aristocratides or Socratides? 
It was. 

1704
01:25:33,960 --> 01:25:37,000
Yeah. 
So they didn't track years. 

1705
01:25:37,000 --> 01:25:41,120
They tracked important events. 
So this event, the sinking of 

1706
01:25:41,120 --> 01:25:45,880
Helica, it wasn't the event that
people used as a milestone. 

1707
01:25:45,880 --> 01:25:48,760
You'd think 2 years before the 
sinking of Helici, 2 years after

1708
01:25:48,760 --> 01:25:50,240
the blah blah, blah. 
No, it was. 

1709
01:25:51,320 --> 01:25:53,680
You're used to things like 2 
years after the fall of Troy or 

1710
01:25:53,680 --> 01:25:56,800
five years after the plague, and
people at the time would know 

1711
01:25:56,800 --> 01:26:00,560
which plague was referred to. 
Maybe later that comes difficult

1712
01:26:00,560 --> 01:26:03,360
to track, but at the time they 
knew the singing of Helico was 

1713
01:26:03,360 --> 01:26:06,480
often referred to as two years 
before the Battle of Lutra, not 

1714
01:26:06,480 --> 01:26:08,160
the other way around. 
It's the Battle of Lutra that 

1715
01:26:08,160 --> 01:26:10,560
was the important one, not the 
sinking of Helico, which I don't

1716
01:26:10,560 --> 01:26:12,440
know what I mean. 
Seems like they're both really 

1717
01:26:12,440 --> 01:26:15,160
darn important. 
But we are indeed headed for the

1718
01:26:15,160 --> 01:26:18,200
Battle of Lutra as the end of 
this episode. 

1719
01:26:20,040 --> 01:26:22,600
I am very, very, very grateful 
to you all for indulging me in 

1720
01:26:22,600 --> 01:26:25,320
the series. 
I asked you all if to speak up 

1721
01:26:25,320 --> 01:26:28,760
if you enjoyed this series and 
you have a lot of you have, as I

1722
01:26:28,760 --> 01:26:32,040
predicted, this doesn't do our 
biggest download numbers. 

1723
01:26:32,520 --> 01:26:34,160
It's a, it's a niche within a 
niche. 

1724
01:26:34,800 --> 01:26:37,920
But those of you who do like it,
like it a lot or love it and 

1725
01:26:37,920 --> 01:26:40,200
that I've always said Shay and I
have had this attitude ever 

1726
01:26:40,200 --> 01:26:42,720
since we started podcasting that
we'd rather have one person love

1727
01:26:42,720 --> 01:26:44,480
our content than 10 or 20 people
like it. 

1728
01:26:44,840 --> 01:26:49,680
That's just how we are and we 
appreciate and love the fact 

1729
01:26:49,680 --> 01:26:52,360
that you guys agree or at least 
seem to given your 

1730
01:26:52,360 --> 01:26:55,320
participation. 
So that said, we do require 

1731
01:26:55,360 --> 01:26:58,840
participation and help in order 
to continue just with our 

1732
01:26:58,840 --> 01:27:00,560
regular episodes and ones like 
this. 

1733
01:27:00,960 --> 01:27:04,400
Join us on Patreon to support us
that way or just tell your 

1734
01:27:04,400 --> 01:27:06,680
friends. 
That is a great way to help us. 

1735
01:27:07,000 --> 01:27:10,800
Just tell your friends you are 
the best messenger we can ask 

1736
01:27:10,800 --> 01:27:14,600
for. 
No one listens to friends more 

1737
01:27:14,600 --> 01:27:16,400
than friends, right? 
There's that's the best word of 

1738
01:27:16,400 --> 01:27:18,480
mouth there is. 
It matters to us more than just 

1739
01:27:18,480 --> 01:27:20,280
about anything. 
In fact, it may be the most 

1740
01:27:20,280 --> 01:27:23,360
important thing. 
We certainly I get happy. 

1741
01:27:23,360 --> 01:27:26,680
It's it makes me feel proud when
somebody tells their friend 

1742
01:27:26,680 --> 01:27:28,360
about us. 
I'm like, yeah, we did something

1743
01:27:28,360 --> 01:27:30,160
right. 
That's great because that's how 

1744
01:27:30,160 --> 01:27:32,200
things should work. 
It's community spread, community

1745
01:27:32,760 --> 01:27:35,520
focused. 
You tell us what we what, what 

1746
01:27:35,520 --> 01:27:36,920
you like and we'll keep doing 
it. 

1747
01:27:38,000 --> 01:27:42,840
Lots to cover, so let's move on.
It's the year 372 now, although 

1748
01:27:43,000 --> 01:27:46,040
sometimes we move to an event or
place that covers more than a 

1749
01:27:46,040 --> 01:27:47,280
year, then we have to bounce 
back. 

1750
01:27:47,520 --> 01:27:50,000
But here we're officially 
speaking to the beginning of the

1751
01:27:50,000 --> 01:27:53,840
year 372, which was the 102nd 
Olympiad. 

1752
01:27:53,960 --> 01:27:57,600
It's the year 3391 and to two on
the Hebrew calendar, the year 

1753
01:27:57,600 --> 01:28:02,120
4381 to 2 in the Assyrian 
calendar or in the Tibetan 

1754
01:28:02,120 --> 01:28:04,640
calendar. 
It's the male Iron dog year 

1755
01:28:04,640 --> 01:28:07,200
transitioning to the female Iron
bore year. 

1756
01:28:07,720 --> 01:28:11,920
Chinese is similar with metal 
dog transitioning to metal pig. 

1757
01:28:11,920 --> 01:28:14,040
Not different from iron dog and 
iron boar, right? 

1758
01:28:15,000 --> 01:28:18,920
In the Olympics of the year 372,
the naked Sprint was won by 

1759
01:28:18,920 --> 01:28:22,160
Damon of Thurii. 
It's been a while y'all, but 

1760
01:28:22,840 --> 01:28:25,040
Damon of Thurii won last time 
also. 

1761
01:28:25,040 --> 01:28:27,440
And remember that's the most 
important event, the naked 

1762
01:28:27,440 --> 01:28:30,520
Sprint. 
The Stadia boys boxing was won 

1763
01:28:30,520 --> 01:28:34,480
by Thirsalacus of Corkira of 
Corkira. 

1764
01:28:34,680 --> 01:28:40,240
This kid who won the boxing 
title was under siege as a child

1765
01:28:40,680 --> 01:28:42,520
and survived. 
Tough kid. 

1766
01:28:42,520 --> 01:28:43,800
You got to think he made it 
through that. 

1767
01:28:43,800 --> 01:28:46,800
Maybe he was one of those people
that ran out with the others to 

1768
01:28:46,800 --> 01:28:48,880
attack with the rest of the 
citizens. 

1769
01:28:48,880 --> 01:28:51,640
Maybe he speared a Spartan that 
have been really cool. 

1770
01:28:52,160 --> 01:28:55,160
Either way, I got to imagine 
this is no ordinary kid living 

1771
01:28:55,160 --> 01:28:57,880
through something like that. 
Boys wrestling was won by 

1772
01:28:57,880 --> 01:29:01,680
Xenocles of Menelaus. 
There were two men of methadry 

1773
01:29:01,680 --> 01:29:04,800
who won some event. 
Remember all we have is the 

1774
01:29:04,840 --> 01:29:07,200
inscriptions and sometimes the 
inscriptions are like half 

1775
01:29:07,200 --> 01:29:10,160
missing. 
Now these senoris which is the 2

1776
01:29:10,160 --> 01:29:12,920
horse race, remember the this 
the two horse chariot that was 

1777
01:29:12,920 --> 01:29:19,320
one by Troilis of Aelis, the 
Tetrapon young Tetrapon the four

1778
01:29:19,320 --> 01:29:24,680
horse young 4 horse race was won
by Troilis of Ellis again. 

1779
01:29:25,280 --> 01:29:28,800
Now, in both cases, he was also 
the referee. 

1780
01:29:31,440 --> 01:29:32,800
That's a quirk of ancient 
sports. 

1781
01:29:32,800 --> 01:29:34,920
You have things that just really
don't make any sense. 

1782
01:29:34,920 --> 01:29:37,760
Yeah, this guy was competing in 
the same event. 

1783
01:29:37,760 --> 01:29:39,880
He was judging, but that was the
last time that happened. 

1784
01:29:39,880 --> 01:29:41,400
They changed the rules after. 
They're like, yeah, we're not 

1785
01:29:41,400 --> 01:29:43,920
going to allow you to judge and 
compete in the same event. 

1786
01:29:43,960 --> 01:29:45,880
Like, we really shouldn't have 
allowed that in the 1st place, 

1787
01:29:45,880 --> 01:29:50,800
but they fixed it going forward.
Now, at the outset of this 

1788
01:29:50,800 --> 01:29:53,520
episode, I pointed out the 
clever Alcitas, the first of the

1789
01:29:53,520 --> 01:29:57,440
small Kingdom of Molassos and 
Pyrus, who allied with Athens 

1790
01:29:57,440 --> 01:29:59,560
and Jason Efira, powerful 
allies. 

1791
01:29:59,760 --> 01:30:03,360
Now here in 372, the 
entanglements or peace 

1792
01:30:03,360 --> 01:30:05,040
enmeshment, I don't know what to
call it. 

1793
01:30:05,040 --> 01:30:06,880
Like, it could fall apart and 
everyone go to war with each 

1794
01:30:06,880 --> 01:30:10,320
other, or it could mean that 
everyone's so tightly tied 

1795
01:30:10,320 --> 01:30:12,600
together with peace deals that 
no one fights. 

1796
01:30:13,200 --> 01:30:14,200
Yeah. 
Which is going to happen. 

1797
01:30:14,240 --> 01:30:19,400
Well, we'll see because Jason 
after his alliance with them, 

1798
01:30:19,400 --> 01:30:22,200
allies with Amintos the third, 
his powerful neighbor to the 

1799
01:30:22,200 --> 01:30:24,280
east. 
So he's basically allies with 

1800
01:30:24,280 --> 01:30:27,160
everyone around him now. 
And then Jason allies with 

1801
01:30:27,160 --> 01:30:31,480
Athens directly. 
And this was partly to resolve 

1802
01:30:31,480 --> 01:30:33,680
the tension of him allying with 
Amintos. 

1803
01:30:33,680 --> 01:30:37,600
Cause Amintos was like, you 
know, he was supplying Athens 

1804
01:30:37,600 --> 01:30:40,120
with timber. 
Athens saw the alliance with 

1805
01:30:40,120 --> 01:30:45,400
Jason and saw that threatened be
like, wait a minute, is he going

1806
01:30:45,400 --> 01:30:48,120
to keep giving us timber? 
Because if he doesn't, we might 

1807
01:30:48,120 --> 01:30:50,680
have a big problem. 
And if Jason's making him an 

1808
01:30:50,680 --> 01:30:53,120
ally, then Jason might sort of, 
oh, you want to be our ally too.

1809
01:30:53,680 --> 01:30:55,040
All right, that alleviates the 
pressure. 

1810
01:30:55,040 --> 01:30:57,800
OK, so he's not moving against 
us, at least not obviously, 

1811
01:30:58,000 --> 01:30:59,800
because he's making an alliance 
with everyone. 

1812
01:31:00,760 --> 01:31:02,680
He didn't just make an alliance 
with them, though. 

1813
01:31:03,040 --> 01:31:05,920
He formally joined the Second 
Athenian League. 

1814
01:31:05,920 --> 01:31:08,120
This is a big deal because you 
remember what Athenians were 

1815
01:31:08,120 --> 01:31:09,840
telling people they're like, 
hey, this won't be like last 

1816
01:31:09,840 --> 01:31:13,280
time. 
Last time we, you know, we 

1817
01:31:13,280 --> 01:31:14,480
pushed you around. 
We'll admit it. 

1818
01:31:14,480 --> 01:31:16,480
We pushed you around. 
We, we told you what to do. 

1819
01:31:16,480 --> 01:31:18,680
It wasn't really an alliance. 
It was us telling you what to 

1820
01:31:18,680 --> 01:31:20,880
do. 
We promise it won't be like that

1821
01:31:20,880 --> 01:31:22,800
this time. 
Now, a lot of them probably took

1822
01:31:22,800 --> 01:31:23,840
that promise with a grain of 
salt. 

1823
01:31:24,000 --> 01:31:27,840
But now Jason Afiri joins. 
Well, Athens can't push him 

1824
01:31:27,840 --> 01:31:29,680
around. 
They literally cannot. 

1825
01:31:29,680 --> 01:31:31,840
He's arguably more powerful than
them. 

1826
01:31:32,240 --> 01:31:37,880
So that ironically gave 
credibility to the notion that 

1827
01:31:37,880 --> 01:31:40,960
Athens wasn't going to dominate 
its own league because here's 

1828
01:31:40,960 --> 01:31:42,360
somebody they just can't 
dominate. 

1829
01:31:43,240 --> 01:31:46,800
And Jason, like Athens, was 
allied with other kings who 

1830
01:31:47,240 --> 01:31:49,240
really who also weren't in the 
league. 

1831
01:31:49,240 --> 01:31:53,720
But it was still creating this 
really big connection of 

1832
01:31:53,720 --> 01:31:55,880
alliances, as I've been alluding
to here. 

1833
01:31:56,040 --> 01:31:58,200
Jason seems to be at the center 
of it all. 

1834
01:31:58,640 --> 01:32:02,680
And and lest Thebes be left out,
don't forget he was friends with

1835
01:32:02,680 --> 01:32:04,880
Palopitus and his wife was 
Theben. 

1836
01:32:05,000 --> 01:32:07,440
He named his first daughter 
Phoebe. 

1837
01:32:08,480 --> 01:32:12,080
Like, so Thebes without an S, 
this is a real strategy. 

1838
01:32:12,080 --> 01:32:15,720
Here he was. 
He used bullying, intimidation, 

1839
01:32:15,720 --> 01:32:18,440
treachery to take over in 
Thessaly. 

1840
01:32:18,960 --> 01:32:23,280
But once he got there, he kind 
of kind of stopped doing that. 

1841
01:32:23,840 --> 01:32:26,760
He started doing things like 
this, putting himself in the 

1842
01:32:26,760 --> 01:32:29,680
middle of everything without 
violence. 

1843
01:32:29,680 --> 01:32:32,040
There's the threat of violence 
because he's powerful and you 

1844
01:32:32,040 --> 01:32:33,120
know that you don't want to 
fight him. 

1845
01:32:33,360 --> 01:32:35,480
But he wasn't actually making 
aggressive moves. 

1846
01:32:35,480 --> 01:32:38,640
He was just letting reminding of
you of who he was and being 

1847
01:32:38,640 --> 01:32:40,720
like, yeah, you don't want to 
mess with me, but imagine how 

1848
01:32:40,720 --> 01:32:42,960
great of a friend I could be. 
Let's, let's forget about all 

1849
01:32:42,960 --> 01:32:44,520
that. 
What happens if we fight 

1850
01:32:44,520 --> 01:32:48,080
business? 
Let's be friends, y'all? 

1851
01:32:48,640 --> 01:32:52,240
What's his game here? 
You all know Dune, I think most 

1852
01:32:52,240 --> 01:32:54,600
of you. 
What was Frank Herbert writing 

1853
01:32:54,600 --> 01:32:56,480
about? 
Something that a lot of people 

1854
01:32:56,480 --> 01:32:57,840
missed? 
The message of doom. 

1855
01:32:57,840 --> 01:33:05,480
Beware of charismatic leaders. 
Jason is the absolute avatar of 

1856
01:33:05,480 --> 01:33:09,160
charismatic leader. 
This guy is everything in one 

1857
01:33:09,160 --> 01:33:11,760
the your best friend and your 
worst enemy. 

1858
01:33:12,400 --> 01:33:17,880
The biggest charmer of 
politicians, philosophers and 

1859
01:33:17,880 --> 01:33:22,000
soldiers like he he was beloved 
by all because he was just 

1860
01:33:22,000 --> 01:33:24,640
better at everything. 
Xenophon didn't phrase it that 

1861
01:33:24,640 --> 01:33:27,480
way, didn't say he's better than
everyone, but he said it kind of

1862
01:33:27,480 --> 01:33:29,720
in an inverted way. 
He said this is the one man in 

1863
01:33:29,720 --> 01:33:31,280
Greece that nobody could look 
down on. 

1864
01:33:31,600 --> 01:33:33,720
So this wasn't quite putting him
ahead of everybody in that 

1865
01:33:33,720 --> 01:33:34,920
sense. 
He was maybe are leaving room 

1866
01:33:34,920 --> 01:33:37,040
for some people to be maybe on 
equal footing with him. 

1867
01:33:37,240 --> 01:33:40,680
And let's not forget that 
Xenophon was always keeping his 

1868
01:33:40,680 --> 01:33:43,280
best friend Ajislaus in mind 
when he writes such things. 

1869
01:33:43,280 --> 01:33:45,480
So he's like, well, yeah, maybe 
no one can look down on him. 

1870
01:33:46,000 --> 01:33:49,080
Just allow us is kind of 
implying that Ajislaus is on his

1871
01:33:49,080 --> 01:33:51,880
level 2 just without saying that
he's at least could say that to 

1872
01:33:51,880 --> 01:33:53,360
Ajis allows by and closed doors,
you know. 

1873
01:33:53,360 --> 01:33:55,120
Hey, buddy, keeping you up there
at the top, too. 

1874
01:33:56,040 --> 01:33:59,360
So again, it's threatening, but 
in a defensive, threatening way.

1875
01:33:59,360 --> 01:34:01,840
He's like, hey, I'm making 
alliances with everybody and I'm

1876
01:34:01,840 --> 01:34:03,760
in the center of it all. 
I'm the only one who's an ally 

1877
01:34:03,760 --> 01:34:05,880
with everybody. 
He's kind of like rising to 

1878
01:34:05,880 --> 01:34:09,040
power by putting himself in the 
middle and just being better 

1879
01:34:09,040 --> 01:34:12,440
than everyone. 
And it's really clever. 

1880
01:34:13,040 --> 01:34:14,640
And why would you want to fight 
this guy? 

1881
01:34:14,640 --> 01:34:17,640
He's like, yeah, be my friend 
again, Like, isn't that better? 

1882
01:34:18,120 --> 01:34:21,440
Just let me do these things and 
we'll all benefit from it. 

1883
01:34:22,200 --> 01:34:24,400
Even Artaxerxes doesn't want to 
fight Jason. 

1884
01:34:24,800 --> 01:34:28,040
Even Persia's great might is a 
little like, I don't know if we 

1885
01:34:28,040 --> 01:34:32,760
want to go fight him, but Jason 
started talking about going for 

1886
01:34:32,760 --> 01:34:35,520
Artaxerxes, and that got 
Artaxerxes and some other 

1887
01:34:35,520 --> 01:34:38,840
Persians like, oh, oh, can he do
that? 

1888
01:34:39,120 --> 01:34:40,480
We're the ones who are always 
attacking. 

1889
01:34:40,480 --> 01:34:43,200
W can, can can he actually 
reverse this? 

1890
01:34:43,200 --> 01:34:45,720
And Greece starts to attack 
Persia? 

1891
01:34:46,040 --> 01:34:48,960
Well, the logic behind this is 
extremely straightforward. 

1892
01:34:48,960 --> 01:34:52,560
Sure Persia has the money, but 
who does he keep hiring to fight

1893
01:34:52,560 --> 01:34:54,800
his war? 
Greek soldiers? 

1894
01:34:55,560 --> 01:34:58,520
What if instead of fighting for 
him, they fight against him? 

1895
01:34:59,280 --> 01:35:02,760
And if Jason is leading this 
with his elite Golden Company 

1896
01:35:02,760 --> 01:35:05,840
style mercenary army that he's 
always at the head of that 

1897
01:35:05,840 --> 01:35:09,960
everyone has to match his level 
of stamina and endurance and 

1898
01:35:09,960 --> 01:35:15,160
bravery, And he gives heroic 
funerals to soldiers who fall 

1899
01:35:15,160 --> 01:35:18,960
like he treats them really well.
I've heard the term Marshall 

1900
01:35:18,960 --> 01:35:22,840
cult referred to him and what he
was doing there because he just 

1901
01:35:22,960 --> 01:35:27,000
everything was built around the 
soldiery and, and just revering 

1902
01:35:27,200 --> 01:35:31,040
that aspect of society. 
So he's moving up the ladder of 

1903
01:35:31,040 --> 01:35:32,680
authority without fighting any 
battles. 

1904
01:35:32,680 --> 01:35:34,600
He's being in charge of more and
more people, more and more 

1905
01:35:34,600 --> 01:35:38,520
people looking up to him without
him actually killing or, you 

1906
01:35:38,520 --> 01:35:42,040
know, winning elections or just 
his influence was just so 

1907
01:35:42,040 --> 01:35:45,560
all-encompassing in so many ways
and so many places and so many 

1908
01:35:45,560 --> 01:35:48,080
facets of society. 
He couldn't help but just 

1909
01:35:48,080 --> 01:35:51,280
continue to rise. 
And this talk about attacking 

1910
01:35:51,280 --> 01:35:54,720
Persia, oh, boy, did that go 
well with Greeks. 

1911
01:35:54,720 --> 01:35:57,280
About, as you know, in the 
opposite way that it went poorly

1912
01:35:57,280 --> 01:36:00,560
for how Persians received it. 
Because they're like, yeah, we 

1913
01:36:00,560 --> 01:36:02,280
hate them. 
They're always pushing us 

1914
01:36:02,280 --> 01:36:03,400
around. 
They're always telling us what 

1915
01:36:03,400 --> 01:36:04,520
to do. 
They're corrupt. 

1916
01:36:04,520 --> 01:36:07,760
They're all, they're slow and 
lazy. 

1917
01:36:07,760 --> 01:36:10,440
They got too much money. 
They aren't men. 

1918
01:36:10,440 --> 01:36:11,680
They're not. 
They wear makeup. 

1919
01:36:11,680 --> 01:36:13,680
This is this is actual things 
they would complain about. 

1920
01:36:13,920 --> 01:36:15,600
They always bow. 
They have to kneel to their 

1921
01:36:15,600 --> 01:36:16,840
king. 
How pathetic. 

1922
01:36:16,840 --> 01:36:19,360
Well, those aren't men, right? 
That this is the way they 

1923
01:36:19,360 --> 01:36:22,600
thought. 
So Jason's sort of capturing 

1924
01:36:22,600 --> 01:36:25,600
that spirit and directing it 
towards who? 

1925
01:36:25,600 --> 01:36:27,280
The real enemy. 
He's like, why are we fighting 

1926
01:36:27,280 --> 01:36:29,440
each other? 
Why do Greeks keep fighting each

1927
01:36:29,440 --> 01:36:31,440
other? 
Isn't and isn't Artaxerxes part 

1928
01:36:31,440 --> 01:36:32,680
of the reason why that keeps 
happening? 

1929
01:36:32,680 --> 01:36:35,360
Isn't he encouraging that even 
when he's telling us to be at 

1930
01:36:35,360 --> 01:36:38,720
peace so he can bring us to 
fight in Egypt, he's still 

1931
01:36:38,720 --> 01:36:40,800
manipulating us. 
Y'all, that's what's happening. 

1932
01:36:41,000 --> 01:36:44,040
A lot of people are thinking 
that like he's he's swaying a 

1933
01:36:44,040 --> 01:36:45,800
lot of people. 
This starts to work. 

1934
01:36:45,800 --> 01:36:48,760
A lot of people are like, yeah, 
why are we fighting each other? 

1935
01:36:49,040 --> 01:36:53,040
Not only is it wrong to fight 
your own countrymen to a certain

1936
01:36:53,040 --> 01:36:57,280
degree, but those guys are 
Barbarians with lots of money. 

1937
01:36:57,680 --> 01:37:00,000
There's a lot of appeal to 
attacking them and taking their 

1938
01:37:00,000 --> 01:37:02,800
stuff, to turning the tables on 
them, right? 

1939
01:37:03,360 --> 01:37:07,240
A lot of a lot of Greeks saw the
logic, the ambition, the 

1940
01:37:07,240 --> 01:37:11,400
positives to all this, right? 
Persia's rich as hell. 

1941
01:37:11,960 --> 01:37:15,600
Imagine going there and winning 
spoils, collecting the loot, 

1942
01:37:15,600 --> 01:37:18,560
taking their gods, the money 
from their temples. 

1943
01:37:18,560 --> 01:37:21,680
That's going to dollar signs 
flashing in a lot of Greek 

1944
01:37:21,680 --> 01:37:26,080
soldiers eyes right there. 
Not even greed, although some of

1945
01:37:26,080 --> 01:37:28,640
it is greed. 
Just profit benefit. 

1946
01:37:28,640 --> 01:37:32,000
You know, this is a way to make 
enough money to live the rest of

1947
01:37:32,000 --> 01:37:34,080
my life on one campaign to 
Persia. 

1948
01:37:34,560 --> 01:37:36,600
Now he's not actually organizing
campaigns to Persia. 

1949
01:37:36,600 --> 01:37:39,320
This hasn't started. 
He hasn't gone that far. 

1950
01:37:39,320 --> 01:37:43,000
It's just to something he's 
floating and it's being received

1951
01:37:43,000 --> 01:37:46,400
very well. 
So what's next though? 

1952
01:37:46,760 --> 01:37:51,080
Is he going to start just 
attacking Persian? 

1953
01:37:51,080 --> 01:37:52,800
No, of course not. 
You got to he's, he's more 

1954
01:37:52,800 --> 01:37:55,000
clever than that. 
It's not an all frontal of war. 

1955
01:37:55,000 --> 01:37:57,400
He's doing so much by getting 
people on his side. 

1956
01:37:57,400 --> 01:38:00,400
Why not apply that to Persia? 
Why not see if some of the 

1957
01:38:00,400 --> 01:38:04,440
Persian satrap, some of those 
Western Persian entities, maybe 

1958
01:38:04,440 --> 01:38:06,880
they'd sign up for this too. 
Maybe they prefer Jason. 

1959
01:38:07,040 --> 01:38:10,120
How old is Artaxerxes? 
Right? 

1960
01:38:10,200 --> 01:38:13,960
What happens when he died? 
I'm young and healthy, man, am I

1961
01:38:13,960 --> 01:38:15,080
not? 
The future? 

1962
01:38:15,440 --> 01:38:17,080
Well, who? 
Anybody could take over after 

1963
01:38:17,080 --> 01:38:18,000
our desert? 
Who's it going to be? 

1964
01:38:18,000 --> 01:38:19,960
One of his sons? 
Somebody that's been raised at 

1965
01:38:19,960 --> 01:38:22,480
court, living in a harem half 
the time. 

1966
01:38:22,480 --> 01:38:24,480
Like, is that really who you 
want to be in charge next? 

1967
01:38:25,040 --> 01:38:27,440
Why not me? 
I train in armor. 

1968
01:38:27,440 --> 01:38:30,160
Armor I invented. 
I run around in armor I 

1969
01:38:30,160 --> 01:38:31,880
invented. 
Making myself stronger. 

1970
01:38:31,880 --> 01:38:36,800
Proving my physical prowess. 
Xerxes sits around with 12,000 

1971
01:38:36,800 --> 01:38:40,160
talent, literally like a billion
dollars in wealth on his person.

1972
01:38:40,600 --> 01:38:43,200
He didn't earn any of that. 
He didn't pay the iron price for

1973
01:38:43,200 --> 01:38:48,080
that right? 
How he slips in a harem. 

1974
01:38:48,080 --> 01:38:51,600
I live in my armor out in the 
field like he just every single 

1975
01:38:51,600 --> 01:38:55,040
thing this guy does sets him 
above Persians and above other 

1976
01:38:55,040 --> 01:38:58,320
Greeks and above just everybody,
but without the arrogance that 

1977
01:38:58,320 --> 01:39:02,360
comes with it just he just 
proves it over and over so but 

1978
01:39:02,360 --> 01:39:04,920
continuing to rise this man very
interesting. 

1979
01:39:04,920 --> 01:39:08,680
This this player is, is looking 
like he might be the big one or 

1980
01:39:08,680 --> 01:39:12,040
one of the big ones anyway, but 
let's move on because this is 

1981
01:39:12,040 --> 01:39:13,960
these are the maneuvers of Jason
that we got a lot of other 

1982
01:39:13,960 --> 01:39:17,920
places to cover. 
Back to Thebes and Sparta back 

1983
01:39:17,920 --> 01:39:22,080
to some of the core issues here.
The city of Platea, it's a place

1984
01:39:22,080 --> 01:39:24,760
right on the border of Boisha 
and Attica. 

1985
01:39:24,760 --> 01:39:27,320
Boisha's the region of Thebes, 
Attica's the region of Athens 

1986
01:39:27,320 --> 01:39:32,240
right Now, Platea historically 
had pretty much always preferred

1987
01:39:32,280 --> 01:39:36,080
Athens to Thebes. 
So it was frequently at odds 

1988
01:39:36,080 --> 01:39:37,480
with Thebes. 
Thebes didn't like that. 

1989
01:39:37,480 --> 01:39:39,600
Now we're talking about, you 
know, different times of 

1990
01:39:39,600 --> 01:39:42,200
history. 
This is a build up over a long 

1991
01:39:42,200 --> 01:39:43,960
time. 
During the Peloponnesian War, 

1992
01:39:43,960 --> 01:39:47,760
some 40 years before, some 
Theben commandos tried to sneak 

1993
01:39:47,760 --> 01:39:50,400
into Platea with the help of 
some insiders and seized the 

1994
01:39:50,400 --> 01:39:52,280
city. 
Sounds familiar, doesn't it? 

1995
01:39:52,280 --> 01:39:55,680
That's the obviously that's the 
thing that Sparta did to thieves

1996
01:39:55,680 --> 01:39:58,200
during the King's peace, the 
cadmere, right? 

1997
01:39:59,120 --> 01:40:01,240
The difference being Sparta 
succeeded. 

1998
01:40:01,480 --> 01:40:02,720
At least they held it for three 
years. 

1999
01:40:03,200 --> 01:40:08,320
Their mission succeeded. 
This did not the the Thetans 

2000
01:40:08,320 --> 01:40:09,720
found out. 
They captured the Theban 

2001
01:40:09,720 --> 01:40:14,080
commandos and executed them all 
the next day. 

2002
01:40:14,600 --> 01:40:18,240
So Thebes was not so happy about
that and then? 

2003
01:40:18,840 --> 01:40:23,760
Thebes attacked, they were able 
to take the city and they 

2004
01:40:23,760 --> 01:40:27,680
inflicted catalysis on it. 
Catalysis means every building 

2005
01:40:27,680 --> 01:40:31,680
is torn down, the people are 
usually sold into slavery or 

2006
01:40:31,680 --> 01:40:34,280
killed, and it's like the place 
never existed. 

2007
01:40:34,680 --> 01:40:37,120
That's catalysis wiping it from 
the map. 

2008
01:40:37,600 --> 01:40:43,760
But in 386 it was restored by 
Sparta because it was a long 

2009
01:40:43,760 --> 01:40:45,520
term strategy against Theba 
Thebes. 

2010
01:40:45,520 --> 01:40:48,040
It was like, hey, if we put the 
city back and we, you know, we 

2011
01:40:48,040 --> 01:40:50,360
invest in it and we put our 
people there and they get 

2012
01:40:50,360 --> 01:40:53,120
they're on our side, we've got a
base of operations close by and 

2013
01:40:53,400 --> 01:40:55,920
it's going to be a problem for 
them indeed. 

2014
01:40:56,440 --> 01:41:00,280
Now, during this current 
situation, during the current 

2015
01:41:00,280 --> 01:41:04,960
year, we're in Platin, farmers 
were unable to go farm because 

2016
01:41:04,960 --> 01:41:08,520
whenever they went to their 
farms, the Boesian League would 

2017
01:41:08,520 --> 01:41:10,440
attack them. 
They're like, aha, we see you. 

2018
01:41:10,440 --> 01:41:15,000
We're we're attacking you. 
So they realized we can go to 

2019
01:41:15,000 --> 01:41:17,680
our farms whenever the Boesian 
League is having it's meetings. 

2020
01:41:18,200 --> 01:41:19,800
Those meetings can last for 
weeks. 

2021
01:41:19,800 --> 01:41:21,680
You know, they do their 
democracy stuff, they're 

2022
01:41:21,680 --> 01:41:23,360
talking, they're floating all 
the different ideas. 

2023
01:41:23,360 --> 01:41:25,840
It's a it's like Senate is in 
session or the House is in 

2024
01:41:25,840 --> 01:41:28,840
session, like let's go farm. 
So that became the pattern. 

2025
01:41:28,840 --> 01:41:31,920
They're like, all right, we go 
farm during your meetings until 

2026
01:41:32,320 --> 01:41:35,760
the Thebans noticed the pattern 
that the Plutaeans had noticed 

2027
01:41:36,240 --> 01:41:38,320
after they noticed the Theben 
pattern. 

2028
01:41:38,320 --> 01:41:42,800
So they they went to their next 
assembly under instructions to 

2029
01:41:42,800 --> 01:41:44,920
bring weapons. 
So they met for their assembly 

2030
01:41:44,920 --> 01:41:49,120
and then went straight to Platea
and started capturing farmers. 

2031
01:41:49,240 --> 01:41:53,720
They captured so many farmers 
that Platea had no choice but to

2032
01:41:53,720 --> 01:41:56,920
surrender. 
And they got catalyzed again, 

2033
01:41:57,080 --> 01:41:59,520
but not as bad this time. 
It was still really bad. 

2034
01:41:59,880 --> 01:42:01,680
It was without the slavery bar 
part. 

2035
01:42:01,680 --> 01:42:05,800
They still tore every building 
down and sent everyone to 

2036
01:42:05,800 --> 01:42:07,840
Athens. 
It was kind of like the Free 

2037
01:42:07,840 --> 01:42:10,640
folk surrendering to Stannis. 
He made them all swear an oath 

2038
01:42:10,640 --> 01:42:14,560
to never set foot in Boesha 
again. 

2039
01:42:15,360 --> 01:42:17,280
Yeah. 
What are the odds this oath was 

2040
01:42:17,800 --> 01:42:19,240
held to? 
Not very good, huh? 

2041
01:42:19,480 --> 01:42:21,040
Like, it's an oath at 
swordpoint. 

2042
01:42:21,040 --> 01:42:22,640
You're not going to adhere to 
that, Right? 

2043
01:42:23,280 --> 01:42:25,080
So we'll see if they get their 
chance. 

2044
01:42:25,520 --> 01:42:27,920
So this was not popular though, 
like the rest of Greece is. 

2045
01:42:27,920 --> 01:42:30,240
Like, these are just Greeks. 
They didn't really do anything 

2046
01:42:30,240 --> 01:42:32,960
that wrong to you. 
And Athens, who's an ally of 

2047
01:42:32,960 --> 01:42:34,680
thieves at this point, is 
particularly annoyed by it 

2048
01:42:34,680 --> 01:42:36,720
because Platea's got a good 
relationship with them, even 

2049
01:42:36,720 --> 01:42:39,280
though it's a Spartan enclave of
sorts. 

2050
01:42:39,440 --> 01:42:41,480
Because where did all the people
get sent? 

2051
01:42:41,480 --> 01:42:42,760
The ones that they didn't 
enslave? 

2052
01:42:42,760 --> 01:42:45,320
They were like, you got to go to
Athens, like you're putting all 

2053
01:42:45,320 --> 01:42:48,240
these people on us, your ally. 
Come on. 

2054
01:42:48,400 --> 01:42:51,000
So that was not cool. 
It didn't break the alliance, 

2055
01:42:51,200 --> 01:42:53,960
but it was not cool. 
It was a set back. 

2056
01:42:53,960 --> 01:42:56,600
It was a negative. 
Now, don't worry, there is going

2057
01:42:56,600 --> 01:42:59,480
to be a Platea 3. 
It's going to come back yet 

2058
01:42:59,480 --> 01:43:03,080
again, but we'll, we'll talk 
about that when it happens. 

2059
01:43:03,240 --> 01:43:08,600
So Sespi was next. 
That's another nearby to Thebes 

2060
01:43:08,600 --> 01:43:12,040
place that wasn't always on 
great terms with SBI so or with 

2061
01:43:12,040 --> 01:43:12,720
Thebes. 
So thieves. 

2062
01:43:12,720 --> 01:43:15,480
But thieves decided to go a 
little lighter this time because

2063
01:43:15,720 --> 01:43:17,040
they saw the reaction from 
Athens. 

2064
01:43:17,040 --> 01:43:18,480
They're like, all right, maybe 
that maybe that was too 

2065
01:43:18,480 --> 01:43:20,600
heavy-handed. 
So all they did was say you got 

2066
01:43:20,600 --> 01:43:22,480
to take down your walls. 
Everything else you can keep 

2067
01:43:22,480 --> 01:43:24,160
nothing, no other problems. 
Just keep down your walls and 

2068
01:43:24,160 --> 01:43:26,640
they're like you jerks. 
But they did it. 

2069
01:43:26,680 --> 01:43:28,520
They didn't. 
They figured it was the lesser 2

2070
01:43:28,520 --> 01:43:29,800
evils. 
So they took down their walls. 

2071
01:43:30,920 --> 01:43:33,800
Now let's move to the next year.
372 had some interesting things 

2072
01:43:33,800 --> 01:43:37,040
happen, but it's 371 where the 
big action happens. 

2073
01:43:37,040 --> 01:43:40,600
And this is the big climax of 
this episode, nicely featured 

2074
01:43:40,600 --> 01:43:43,840
near the end here. 
Now remember, Sparta has 2 kings

2075
01:43:43,960 --> 01:43:46,120
that just allows, and it just 
allows hasn't been in the field 

2076
01:43:46,120 --> 01:43:47,920
for a while. 
If you recall last episode he 

2077
01:43:47,920 --> 01:43:51,440
had a blood clot in his leg that
nearly killed him and he still 

2078
01:43:51,440 --> 01:43:53,880
hadn't recovered. 
His leg was still a problem and 

2079
01:43:53,880 --> 01:43:56,160
he's in his 70s now. 
It's like maybe he's not going 

2080
01:43:56,160 --> 01:43:58,040
to recover is kind of one of the
thoughts. 

2081
01:43:58,040 --> 01:44:00,440
But he's still a king. 
He's still the most powerful 

2082
01:44:00,440 --> 01:44:04,160
person in Sparta, maybe the most
powerful person in Greece, and 

2083
01:44:04,160 --> 01:44:07,160
his mind still works very well. 
This is not Farnabezus, even 

2084
01:44:07,160 --> 01:44:08,600
though he's about the same age 
as Farnabezus. 

2085
01:44:08,600 --> 01:44:11,360
Nothing slow about him, nothing 
incapable about him. 

2086
01:44:11,880 --> 01:44:15,480
The younger Spartan king was 
Cleomberdus, and he was in 

2087
01:44:15,480 --> 01:44:19,280
focus, the city of Focus, which 
is not that far from Thebes with

2088
01:44:19,280 --> 01:44:23,880
10,000 soldiers. 
Now, his stated goal was to 

2089
01:44:23,880 --> 01:44:29,880
protect them from Thebes, but 
Artaxerxes got everyone to agree

2090
01:44:29,880 --> 01:44:31,080
to peace talks. 
Again. 

2091
01:44:31,640 --> 01:44:35,240
The prevailing wisdom here is 
that 10,000 soldiers hanging out

2092
01:44:35,240 --> 01:44:37,440
near thieves. 
That's not defense. 

2093
01:44:37,440 --> 01:44:40,520
That's leverage in the upcoming 
negotiations. 

2094
01:44:40,760 --> 01:44:44,800
Agree to our terms or else. 
And that's exactly where this is

2095
01:44:44,800 --> 01:44:48,040
going. 
The next section is called War 

2096
01:44:48,040 --> 01:44:51,520
Declared at the peace talks. 
I hope some of you thought of 

2097
01:44:52,160 --> 01:44:53,680
Doctor Strangelove with that 
line. 

2098
01:44:53,680 --> 01:44:56,800
You gentlemen, you can't fight. 
And here, this is the war room. 

2099
01:44:57,000 --> 01:44:58,320
Well, yeah, that's where we're 
headed. 

2100
01:44:58,560 --> 01:45:00,160
The Greeks are brought to the 
table by our deserts. 

2101
01:45:00,160 --> 01:45:04,600
He's a massive power of money 
once again, and promises and 

2102
01:45:04,600 --> 01:45:06,720
threat. 
Whatever worked, He, all the 

2103
01:45:06,720 --> 01:45:08,880
above were used to bring the 
Greeks to the negotiating table.

2104
01:45:08,880 --> 01:45:10,760
Certain nations needed 
encouragement. 

2105
01:45:10,760 --> 01:45:12,360
Some needed threats, some needed
money. 

2106
01:45:12,360 --> 01:45:14,240
Some needed promises, some 
needed some of the above. 

2107
01:45:14,240 --> 01:45:15,280
Both of the above, All of the 
above. 

2108
01:45:15,280 --> 01:45:17,040
Whatever. 
So everything was going pretty 

2109
01:45:17,040 --> 01:45:19,600
well in that sense because of 
this offer. 

2110
01:45:19,600 --> 01:45:22,440
Like Greece is like, yeah, I 
mean, kind of like what Jason's 

2111
01:45:22,440 --> 01:45:24,240
saying, Like, yeah, isn't it 
better if we don't fight each 

2112
01:45:24,240 --> 01:45:25,600
other? 
Even if isn't it better if we go

2113
01:45:25,600 --> 01:45:28,440
fight Persia? 
Persia's saying, well, hold off,

2114
01:45:28,440 --> 01:45:30,720
hold off on that thought. 
Don't fight each other. 

2115
01:45:31,080 --> 01:45:33,520
I'll pay you to come fight 
Egypt. 

2116
01:45:33,520 --> 01:45:35,800
So Egypt is the one going, hey, 
what? 

2117
01:45:35,800 --> 01:45:38,120
Why are you saying this is all 
good here? 

2118
01:45:38,120 --> 01:45:42,920
Why are we're the scapegoat? 
So he's saying stop fighting for

2119
01:45:42,920 --> 01:45:45,760
less money. 
I'll pay you more money plus the

2120
01:45:45,760 --> 01:45:48,360
opportunity to win spoils. 
Come fight for me in Egypt. 

2121
01:45:48,400 --> 01:45:50,280
Yeah. 
Things weren't going well. 

2122
01:45:50,280 --> 01:45:52,680
You know, I know the first part 
of this campaign didn't go that 

2123
01:45:52,680 --> 01:45:55,240
well, You know, Fik or tease. 
Let's say he was right. 

2124
01:45:55,240 --> 01:45:57,520
But yo, I got rid of Farna 
Basis. 

2125
01:45:57,520 --> 01:45:59,560
We got this new guy Battames 
here. 

2126
01:45:59,760 --> 01:46:02,720
It's going to go so much better.
Come work for me. 

2127
01:46:03,040 --> 01:46:05,320
If you want to keep fighting, 
you can for me. 

2128
01:46:06,080 --> 01:46:10,480
You don't have to. 
You get paid better and you you 

2129
01:46:10,480 --> 01:46:13,040
aren't going to lose your home 
if things go badly. 

2130
01:46:13,040 --> 01:46:17,600
You know, Adisalaus is in charge
of the peace talks because the 

2131
01:46:17,600 --> 01:46:21,680
Spartans are still the ones 
empowered to enforce the Persian

2132
01:46:21,680 --> 01:46:25,440
peace, the peace of Antalcetus. 
Antalcetus was Spartan, so he's 

2133
01:46:25,720 --> 01:46:27,800
Agisalaus is the one in charge 
of the proceedings. 

2134
01:46:27,800 --> 01:46:32,320
He's sitting in the big chair or
whatever and he's still fierce 

2135
01:46:32,320 --> 01:46:36,440
and everyone's afraid of him 
even though he's 71 years old 

2136
01:46:36,800 --> 01:46:41,920
and maybe no longer capable of 
soldiering to look at him there.

2137
01:46:41,920 --> 01:46:46,440
He would have seemed capable, 
but you know, it's more looking 

2138
01:46:46,440 --> 01:46:48,320
is only half the battle, I 
suppose. 

2139
01:46:48,880 --> 01:46:51,400
So a lot of the other 
ambassadors and signees were 

2140
01:46:51,400 --> 01:46:53,960
afraid of him. 
Everyone knew he hated thieves 

2141
01:46:54,480 --> 01:46:56,800
too, so they weren't going to 
like, maybe push him on that too

2142
01:46:56,800 --> 01:46:58,320
much because he's a little 
unreasonable about it. 

2143
01:46:58,320 --> 01:47:00,560
You know, It's like don't bring 
up that hot button issue too 

2144
01:47:00,560 --> 01:47:03,680
much with the man that might 
lose his temper and do something

2145
01:47:03,680 --> 01:47:06,680
that you can't stop or you might
regret. 

2146
01:47:07,400 --> 01:47:10,680
Some sources, Xenophon 
especially, say that the 

2147
01:47:10,680 --> 01:47:14,720
Athenian stood up to a just 
allow us and and criticized him 

2148
01:47:14,720 --> 01:47:19,640
for the Kadmaea and for some 
other unprovoked aggression. 

2149
01:47:20,200 --> 01:47:24,360
Most historians think that 
Xenophon was doing his thing and

2150
01:47:24,360 --> 01:47:28,400
just ignoring the fact that this
was Epaminondas standing up to a

2151
01:47:28,400 --> 01:47:32,360
just allow us because he hated 
to give Epaminondas credit for 

2152
01:47:32,360 --> 01:47:36,040
anything. 
So it's one of these little 

2153
01:47:36,040 --> 01:47:39,360
historical disputes. 
It was probably Epaminondas, but

2154
01:47:39,440 --> 01:47:41,600
some think it was some 
Athenians. 

2155
01:47:41,600 --> 01:47:46,360
Anyway, the point is what was 
said and Epaminondas said if we 

2156
01:47:46,360 --> 01:47:49,800
are to have peace, it must be on
the basis of equality and 

2157
01:47:49,800 --> 01:47:52,080
justice. 
If we are not equal, then peace 

2158
01:47:52,080 --> 01:47:54,160
won't endure. 
Hello. 

2159
01:47:54,280 --> 01:47:57,480
Yeah, True. 
I mean, that's a modern thing, 

2160
01:47:57,480 --> 01:47:58,280
too. 
We get it. 

2161
01:47:58,280 --> 01:48:01,320
It's like, yeah, you cannot have
peace without justice. 

2162
01:48:01,600 --> 01:48:04,160
You cannot have peace without 
equality because the people with

2163
01:48:04,160 --> 01:48:08,800
more power will inevitably use 
that power in aggressive, if not

2164
01:48:08,800 --> 01:48:12,640
violent ways. 
So by the way, how cool is this 

2165
01:48:13,040 --> 01:48:15,680
that we have actual 
conversations, real historical 

2166
01:48:15,680 --> 01:48:19,040
conversations between the 
leaders of these nations who are

2167
01:48:19,040 --> 01:48:20,880
at war, who've been fighting 
each other, who are been 

2168
01:48:20,880 --> 01:48:22,320
diametrically opposed for so 
long. 

2169
01:48:22,320 --> 01:48:25,440
Usually when this happens on TV 
or even in books, it seems 

2170
01:48:25,440 --> 01:48:28,960
contrived, like, yeah, the the 
two leaders are talking to each 

2171
01:48:28,960 --> 01:48:30,800
other, having a conversation. 
Like when does that happen? 

2172
01:48:31,040 --> 01:48:33,120
Yeah, it does happen sometimes, 
but a lot of times it's 

2173
01:48:33,120 --> 01:48:35,280
contrived. 
This really happened. 

2174
01:48:35,440 --> 01:48:38,120
We have a lot of the actual 
dialogue, unlike a lot of times 

2175
01:48:38,120 --> 01:48:40,320
when it's a military speech 
because there's no historian 

2176
01:48:40,320 --> 01:48:41,760
there. 
This was a peace talk. 

2177
01:48:42,080 --> 01:48:45,440
There were non soldiers there. 
This isn't a battlefield. 

2178
01:48:45,440 --> 01:48:48,000
There are people writing things 
down, recording it or at least 

2179
01:48:48,000 --> 01:48:49,760
memorizing it, remembering a lot
of it. 

2180
01:48:49,760 --> 01:48:53,600
So actual scenes of dialogue 
that aren't made-up. 

2181
01:48:54,480 --> 01:48:57,240
So it goes pretty well. 
At first. 

2182
01:48:57,240 --> 01:49:00,360
Everyone is like, yeah, we like 
this idea of Persian peace. 

2183
01:49:00,360 --> 01:49:02,080
This is a pretty good sales 
pitch. 

2184
01:49:02,080 --> 01:49:05,040
You know, some of us are happy 
to sign up to go fight in Egypt.

2185
01:49:05,840 --> 01:49:08,320
So a bunch of the cities sign. 
They're all they all agree to 

2186
01:49:08,320 --> 01:49:10,480
sign. 
So when Thebes turn comes to 

2187
01:49:10,480 --> 01:49:12,880
sign, they're like, yeah, all 
right, we're signing for Boesha.

2188
01:49:13,560 --> 01:49:16,280
And it just allows us like what?
No, no, no, no, no, no, no, that

2189
01:49:16,280 --> 01:49:18,920
is not allowed. 
Only individual signings. 

2190
01:49:18,960 --> 01:49:22,640
No leagues can sign, no signing 
for other people. 

2191
01:49:22,720 --> 01:49:25,960
We are individuals autonomy and 
Epam. 

2192
01:49:25,960 --> 01:49:28,040
And on the surface that's 
reasonable, right? 

2193
01:49:28,120 --> 01:49:31,200
They're trying to keep they're 
they're trying to keep the the 

2194
01:49:31,200 --> 01:49:33,200
dominance, the entangling 
alliances, that thing from 

2195
01:49:33,200 --> 01:49:35,680
piling up, right? 
It's become a problem, but on 

2196
01:49:35,680 --> 01:49:39,960
the surface is a lie. 
Thebes is making a power play 

2197
01:49:39,960 --> 01:49:41,960
here. 
They are trying to get their 

2198
01:49:41,960 --> 01:49:45,080
league accepted tacitly by the 
signature and being saying, hey,

2199
01:49:45,080 --> 01:49:47,040
you accept this, that means you 
accept our league. 

2200
01:49:47,920 --> 01:49:54,520
But Sparta has conquered their 
neighbors 300 years ago. 

2201
01:49:55,640 --> 01:50:00,880
This is way worse than signing 
for someone who has given you 

2202
01:50:00,880 --> 01:50:03,640
permission to sign for them, 
which is effectively what Thebes

2203
01:50:03,640 --> 01:50:07,040
is doing. 
Sparta was signing for their 

2204
01:50:07,040 --> 01:50:11,680
olive Laconia, which included 
conquered enslaved neighbors who

2205
01:50:11,680 --> 01:50:15,360
were Greek, the Messenians. 
Now I want to get deeper into 

2206
01:50:15,360 --> 01:50:19,400
Messenia, but there's going to 
be better opportunities for the 

2207
01:50:19,400 --> 01:50:22,600
history of this and why they're 
in such a sorry state because of

2208
01:50:22,600 --> 01:50:26,160
Sparta's, well, frankly, evil 
conquest of them. 

2209
01:50:26,160 --> 01:50:29,000
And the ways they enforce it is 
very evil too. 

2210
01:50:29,000 --> 01:50:31,520
It's when we get to it, you'll 
see what I mean. 

2211
01:50:31,520 --> 01:50:35,960
It's the ways they kept Messenia
down is startlingly evil, 

2212
01:50:36,560 --> 01:50:39,720
systematically enslaved. 
And they figured out over the 

2213
01:50:39,720 --> 01:50:42,720
course of hundreds of years the 
the most evil ways to keep this 

2214
01:50:42,720 --> 01:50:45,280
in place. 
So, so he Pam man has had a 

2215
01:50:45,280 --> 01:50:47,480
great point. 
He's saying, you wait, we can't 

2216
01:50:47,480 --> 01:50:52,440
sign for her. 
He said, OK, you got a good 

2217
01:50:52,440 --> 01:50:54,120
point. 
It just allows everyone should 

2218
01:50:54,120 --> 01:50:58,400
sign for themselves. 
So that means the Messenians and

2219
01:50:58,400 --> 01:51:00,680
all the rest of Laconia are 
going to sign for themselves 

2220
01:51:00,680 --> 01:51:03,680
too, right? 
Rather than just allow us to 

2221
01:51:03,680 --> 01:51:05,880
sing? 
Nah, that's not what it means. 

2222
01:51:06,120 --> 01:51:09,840
He flips out. 
He sees like he jumps out of his

2223
01:51:09,840 --> 01:51:12,120
chair, which means his leg is 
maybe a little OK, right? 

2224
01:51:12,680 --> 01:51:16,520
And basically repeats himself. 
He's like, will you allow the 

2225
01:51:16,520 --> 01:51:18,560
Bohesian cities to sign for 
themselves? 

2226
01:51:18,560 --> 01:51:22,120
And he Pan Mons is like, will 
you allow the Laconian cities to

2227
01:51:22,200 --> 01:51:24,560
find for themselves? 
He just repeats himself too. 

2228
01:51:24,920 --> 01:51:28,400
And it just allows blows a 
gasket, even though he's on the 

2229
01:51:28,400 --> 01:51:30,840
side of extreme hypocrisy and 
everyone can kind of see it. 

2230
01:51:30,880 --> 01:51:34,080
Pam Anandis just trapped him 
rhetorically and everyone knows 

2231
01:51:34,080 --> 01:51:35,040
him. 
That's probably why he got so 

2232
01:51:35,040 --> 01:51:39,520
mad, because he just lost a 
battle of words to a man at this

2233
01:51:39,520 --> 01:51:42,240
point he's never heard of. 
Most people don't know who Pam 

2234
01:51:42,240 --> 01:51:44,640
Anandis is at this point. 
I've talked about him a lot 

2235
01:51:45,160 --> 01:51:47,520
because I know where this story 
is going and because he's one of

2236
01:51:47,520 --> 01:51:50,480
my favorites. 
But we talked about him ahead of

2237
01:51:50,480 --> 01:51:52,800
time because of moments like 
this and because of future 

2238
01:51:52,800 --> 01:51:58,200
moments where he is just the 
star or a star and is doing 

2239
01:51:58,200 --> 01:52:01,320
amazing things that are make him
a great character and a reason 

2240
01:52:01,320 --> 01:52:02,920
to spend a lot of time talking 
about him. 

2241
01:52:03,920 --> 01:52:08,200
He just owns, just allows 
verbally here and it shows. 

2242
01:52:08,360 --> 01:52:11,760
Just allows brave on the 
battlefield cannot keep his cool

2243
01:52:11,760 --> 01:52:13,400
here. 
He's never been spoken to like 

2244
01:52:13,400 --> 01:52:15,000
this. 
It's maybe maybe that's a bit 

2245
01:52:15,000 --> 01:52:18,120
telling that his the system he 
lives under not enough pushback,

2246
01:52:18,120 --> 01:52:20,360
not enough criticism. 
This is a guy that isn't told no

2247
01:52:20,360 --> 01:52:22,920
often enough. 
He's told no publicly and he's 

2248
01:52:22,920 --> 01:52:25,960
just furious his prize. 
Remember, this is a Tywin clone,

2249
01:52:25,960 --> 01:52:27,080
right? 
We've we've compared him to 

2250
01:52:27,080 --> 01:52:29,840
Tywin in a lot of ways, not in 
all ways, but this is one that 

2251
01:52:30,240 --> 01:52:33,840
pretty Tywin like here, he's 
he's pissed even when he's being

2252
01:52:33,840 --> 01:52:36,480
challenged on something that 
he's being a blatant immigrant 

2253
01:52:36,480 --> 01:52:38,760
for. 
So what happens? 

2254
01:52:39,360 --> 01:52:41,400
They just allow us early. 
I said what? 

2255
01:52:41,400 --> 01:52:42,800
They don't want him to lose his 
temper. 

2256
01:52:42,800 --> 01:52:45,360
Well, he lost his temper. 
He said, screw you Thebes. 

2257
01:52:45,360 --> 01:52:48,120
I'm in charge. 
I rule these proceedings. 

2258
01:52:48,200 --> 01:52:50,480
You're out. 
He uses the word Expondo. 

2259
01:52:50,760 --> 01:52:52,400
Sounds like some sort of 
something a magician would say, 

2260
01:52:52,400 --> 01:52:55,520
right Expondo, you're out. 
That's what it means. 

2261
01:52:55,520 --> 01:52:57,360
You are not included in the 
term. 

2262
01:52:57,360 --> 01:52:59,840
You are not in the peace deal. 
Everyone in Greece is included, 

2263
01:52:59,840 --> 01:53:03,480
but you now take a step back 
here. 

2264
01:53:03,840 --> 01:53:05,040
It just allows us. 
Clever. 

2265
01:53:05,360 --> 01:53:10,320
Probably he did just lose his 
temper and was actually mad. 

2266
01:53:10,480 --> 01:53:13,960
But this might have been 
performative because the end 

2267
01:53:13,960 --> 01:53:17,480
result here is that everyone 
else is bound to the tree. 

2268
01:53:17,480 --> 01:53:19,880
They signed it before this 
disagreement happened. 

2269
01:53:19,920 --> 01:53:21,440
They already written their name 
down. 

2270
01:53:21,880 --> 01:53:26,200
They signed the pieces. 
They're beholden to it, right? 

2271
01:53:27,040 --> 01:53:28,240
All of a sudden, thieves is left
out. 

2272
01:53:28,240 --> 01:53:31,240
Thieves now can't have local 
allies. 

2273
01:53:31,240 --> 01:53:33,440
They've all signed to not do 
that. 

2274
01:53:34,680 --> 01:53:38,280
Sparta still has their conquered
territory and has all their all 

2275
01:53:38,280 --> 01:53:41,520
this so they have more power. 
So now it's just Sparta versus 

2276
01:53:41,520 --> 01:53:44,080
Thebes. 
No allies on either side other 

2277
01:53:44,080 --> 01:53:47,720
than the one Sparta 
hypocritically still has that 

2278
01:53:47,880 --> 01:53:49,200
Hippamand has called them out 
on. 

2279
01:53:50,000 --> 01:53:51,720
They can't. 
So the other allies their their 

2280
01:53:51,720 --> 01:53:52,880
hands are tied. 
We just signed. 

2281
01:53:52,880 --> 01:53:58,440
I'm sorry, we can't help. 
So Epaminondas might have 

2282
01:53:58,440 --> 01:54:01,200
screwed his his fellow 
countrymen here. 

2283
01:54:01,400 --> 01:54:03,440
According to what we know, they 
were on board with his speech. 

2284
01:54:03,440 --> 01:54:06,560
They were fine with him pushing 
back like that, consequences be 

2285
01:54:06,560 --> 01:54:08,080
damned. 
But the consequences appeared to

2286
01:54:08,080 --> 01:54:11,120
be severe. 
They had to run home. 

2287
01:54:11,120 --> 01:54:14,360
They had to rush back to Thebes 
and get the army ready because 

2288
01:54:14,360 --> 01:54:16,840
they, well, boy well, they 
already knew Cleam Brotis's 

2289
01:54:16,840 --> 01:54:19,720
10,000 men were close by and 
focus that leverage bit. 

2290
01:54:19,720 --> 01:54:22,160
Well, they used that leverage. 
It didn't actually get them any 

2291
01:54:22,160 --> 01:54:23,480
leverage, but the threat 
remained. 

2292
01:54:24,200 --> 01:54:27,520
So as cool as it is to see 
someone stand up to just allow 

2293
01:54:27,520 --> 01:54:30,720
us like that, a lot of people 
were like, yeah, go, my man, he 

2294
01:54:30,720 --> 01:54:33,720
needs to talk to him like that. 
Yeah, tell him what's right. 

2295
01:54:34,000 --> 01:54:37,440
The rest of the Grease might 
have at the same time saw it as 

2296
01:54:37,440 --> 01:54:42,600
folly, like tough talk. 
But if Pam Anandis had never LED

2297
01:54:42,600 --> 01:54:46,280
soldiers before, he had fought 
in battles, absolutely, but he 

2298
01:54:46,280 --> 01:54:47,840
hadn't LED. 
He'd never been a general 

2299
01:54:47,840 --> 01:54:51,320
before. 
So like, yeah, tough talk. 

2300
01:54:51,320 --> 01:54:53,160
But did you guys just get 
yourselves all killed? 

2301
01:54:53,320 --> 01:54:55,680
Sparta still the dominant land 
power, and you got to face them 

2302
01:54:55,680 --> 01:54:58,960
on your own. 
Are you sure you wanted this? 

2303
01:54:58,960 --> 01:55:02,160
Like, great talking you all, but
you might all just get killed 

2304
01:55:02,160 --> 01:55:04,320
here. 
So a lot of people saw that 

2305
01:55:04,320 --> 01:55:05,720
coming. 
Like, oh boy, Thebes is screwed.

2306
01:55:05,720 --> 01:55:08,480
They just talk themselves out of
existence. 

2307
01:55:08,480 --> 01:55:12,000
They just pissed off the most 
powerful man in Greece, the one 

2308
01:55:12,000 --> 01:55:14,520
guy you shouldn't piss off. 
They already had soldiers ready.

2309
01:55:14,880 --> 01:55:18,240
At the same time, there was a 
lot of buzz about his ideas, 

2310
01:55:18,240 --> 01:55:21,200
whether or not he, Pam Anon just
lives another week or two. 

2311
01:55:21,880 --> 01:55:24,880
He made some good points, and 
those points started to spread. 

2312
01:55:25,160 --> 01:55:26,960
People talked about his word. 
They're like, you know what? 

2313
01:55:26,960 --> 01:55:30,640
He pointed out the hypocrisy of 
the Spartan system. 

2314
01:55:30,920 --> 01:55:33,080
You'd think it's obvious, but 
it's not because it had been in 

2315
01:55:33,080 --> 01:55:35,520
place for so long. 
You know, these these ideas 

2316
01:55:35,520 --> 01:55:39,040
aren't as necessarily as 
straightforward to us as they 

2317
01:55:39,040 --> 01:55:40,920
would have been back then 
because, well, they're in, 

2318
01:55:40,920 --> 01:55:42,200
they're in the middle of it, 
they're living it. 

2319
01:55:42,200 --> 01:55:44,080
You know, things aren't always 
obvious when you're in the 

2320
01:55:44,080 --> 01:55:45,720
middle of something, when you're
on, you take sometimes, 

2321
01:55:45,720 --> 01:55:48,280
sometimes it takes an outsider 
or a different sort of thinker 

2322
01:55:48,280 --> 01:55:50,160
like him hamming on just to 
point out the obvious. 

2323
01:55:50,160 --> 01:55:52,760
And then it takes a little while
for people to kind of let that 

2324
01:55:52,760 --> 01:55:55,280
settle in and kind of, well, you
know what, he's right. 

2325
01:55:56,480 --> 01:56:01,200
So it it might have been a 
bigger deal than we think in 

2326
01:56:01,200 --> 01:56:03,520
terms of getting a lot of 
people's attention and causing 

2327
01:56:03,520 --> 01:56:04,720
them to start thinking 
differently. 

2328
01:56:04,720 --> 01:56:07,600
Whether or not it actually got 
them to take the battlefield or 

2329
01:56:07,600 --> 01:56:10,160
pick up their spear is a 
different matter. 

2330
01:56:10,160 --> 01:56:14,320
But just the the pervasive 
nature of freedom, right? 

2331
01:56:14,320 --> 01:56:16,440
And Greece is getting more and 
more free Spartan. 

2332
01:56:16,440 --> 01:56:18,640
The Spartan system is always 
kind of not fit that well with 

2333
01:56:18,640 --> 01:56:22,040
these ideas of emerging 
democracy and freedom. 

2334
01:56:22,040 --> 01:56:24,280
And pushing back against Persia 
like that has never really 

2335
01:56:24,280 --> 01:56:26,920
meshed very well. 
So now it was like a leap 

2336
01:56:26,920 --> 01:56:31,280
forward of this. 
So despite all that though, 

2337
01:56:31,280 --> 01:56:35,000
yeah, people weren't very 
optimistic about what was going 

2338
01:56:35,000 --> 01:56:37,840
to happen next to Thebes. 
So it just allows rushed home. 

2339
01:56:37,840 --> 01:56:41,160
Also met with the F Fours and 
Jerusia, you know, the other 

2340
01:56:41,720 --> 01:56:44,160
people in charge down at Sparta,
the 5F fours. 

2341
01:56:44,160 --> 01:56:48,640
And was it 2827 Jerusia? 
He some other guy stood up and 

2342
01:56:48,640 --> 01:56:50,600
was like, let's follow the peace
terms. 

2343
01:56:51,120 --> 01:56:55,880
The peace terms require us to 
summon allies to go attack 

2344
01:56:55,960 --> 01:56:59,080
Thebes. 
And we were like, well, because 

2345
01:56:59,640 --> 01:57:03,000
they've broke the peace deal, of
course thieves did, according to

2346
01:57:03,080 --> 01:57:06,520
Sparta. 
So if anyone breaks the peace 

2347
01:57:06,520 --> 01:57:11,000
deal, then the allies are 
required to help go fight 

2348
01:57:11,000 --> 01:57:13,400
whoever broke the peace deal. 
So it isn't just thieves against

2349
01:57:13,400 --> 01:57:15,600
Sparta, it's thieves against 
Sparta and whoever Sparta brings

2350
01:57:15,600 --> 01:57:17,200
to the table. 
However, Sparta doesn't want to 

2351
01:57:17,200 --> 01:57:19,520
bring anyone to the table, 
despite what this guy is saying.

2352
01:57:19,640 --> 01:57:22,520
And he also points out that this
is a holy oath we took. 

2353
01:57:22,520 --> 01:57:25,640
This is a matter of piety. 
We should do the terms that we 

2354
01:57:25,640 --> 01:57:30,600
agreed to. 
So just allow us responds with a

2355
01:57:30,600 --> 01:57:33,840
speech encouraging everyone to 
call that guy ridiculous. 

2356
01:57:34,120 --> 01:57:36,000
And it worked. 
They laughed at him even though 

2357
01:57:36,040 --> 01:57:38,160
he was following the rules they 
had set out. 

2358
01:57:38,160 --> 01:57:41,480
I just, I was like, dab this guy
rules. 

2359
01:57:42,000 --> 01:57:43,120
We make the rules. 
We're Sparta. 

2360
01:57:43,120 --> 01:57:44,400
We're in charge. 
We do what we want. 

2361
01:57:44,440 --> 01:57:47,960
That's the real law here. 
And they're like, yeah, Sparta. 

2362
01:57:47,960 --> 01:57:49,720
Sparta number one. 
Yeah, let's go. 

2363
01:57:50,440 --> 01:57:53,880
So word was sent. 
A fast rider sent out. 

2364
01:57:54,240 --> 01:57:57,720
Clam Botus March on Thebes give 
them one last chance to dissolve

2365
01:57:57,720 --> 01:58:02,160
their league if they don't agree
that's it attack thieves said 

2366
01:58:02,160 --> 01:58:06,520
no, we are maintaining our Nope,
we will not bow down to this 

2367
01:58:06,520 --> 01:58:08,440
pressure. 
So they started blocking 

2368
01:58:08,440 --> 01:58:10,280
mountain passes to be like all 
right we're going to guard our 

2369
01:58:10,280 --> 01:58:13,600
mountain passes We can use fewer
men can stop a lot more. 

2370
01:58:14,760 --> 01:58:18,440
But Cleam Brodus saw that coming
He went through a different 

2371
01:58:18,440 --> 01:58:21,240
mountain pass difficult mountain
pass one that was not expected 

2372
01:58:21,240 --> 01:58:24,000
to be used. 
He didn't have too much trouble 

2373
01:58:24,000 --> 01:58:27,360
with it, Spartans being tough 
and well prepared and all that, 

2374
01:58:27,360 --> 01:58:30,280
even though a lot of his army 
wasn't fully Spartan. 

2375
01:58:30,280 --> 01:58:33,480
Again, it's full of allies. 
They made it through. 

2376
01:58:33,760 --> 01:58:39,000
So in only three weeks after the
peace talks, Cleam Brotis was on

2377
01:58:39,000 --> 01:58:43,520
the plane of Lutra, which is 
very near Thebes with 10,000 

2378
01:58:43,520 --> 01:58:48,680
plus soldiers. 
It was the summer of 371, the 

2379
01:58:48,680 --> 01:58:54,000
Battle of Lutra. 
So with limited time, the 

2380
01:58:54,520 --> 01:58:57,360
Spartans were camped on the 
field of Luchtra, and the 

2381
01:58:57,920 --> 01:58:59,840
Thebans were camped across from 
them. 

2382
01:58:59,840 --> 01:59:03,960
And they were already having to 
make decisions that you would 

2383
01:59:03,960 --> 01:59:06,520
expect would have been made 
before, like naming leaders. 

2384
01:59:07,120 --> 01:59:10,200
Ipam Anandis, despite his 
complete lack of military 

2385
01:59:10,200 --> 01:59:12,920
experience as a leader, only as 
a warrior, only as a man in the 

2386
01:59:12,920 --> 01:59:15,960
phalanx, was nominated general. 
They're like, all right, man, 

2387
01:59:16,360 --> 01:59:18,600
you got us this far. 
Keep it going. 

2388
01:59:18,600 --> 01:59:24,720
We're going to stick with you. 
He was given 7 boatarks as his 

2389
01:59:24,880 --> 01:59:27,720
command staff and the Sacred 
Band of course would have been 

2390
01:59:27,720 --> 01:59:29,960
included in that. 
Palopitus was almost certainly 

2391
01:59:29,960 --> 01:59:33,480
one of those boatarks he ordered
everyone of age conscripted. 

2392
01:59:33,480 --> 01:59:34,920
That was one of his first 
actions. 

2393
01:59:35,200 --> 01:59:38,440
And all the families were sent 
to Athens in case they lost. 

2394
01:59:38,920 --> 01:59:41,640
All the women and children 
wouldn't be captured and sent to

2395
01:59:41,640 --> 01:59:42,880
slavery. 
Well, maybe they would because 

2396
01:59:42,880 --> 01:59:45,600
maybe Athenians would betray 
them, but better odds there then

2397
01:59:46,120 --> 01:59:49,320
sitting in Thebes hoping that 
Sparta doesn't win. 

2398
01:59:50,040 --> 01:59:52,680
Now one thing that they took 
heart about was that this was 

2399
01:59:52,680 --> 01:59:55,880
clean Brotus not it just allows 
it just allows us still back in 

2400
01:59:55,880 --> 01:59:59,280
Sparta making moves. 
Now they had to figure he was 

2401
01:59:59,280 --> 02:00:02,560
going to March with his own army
probably, but maybe if his leg 

2402
02:00:02,560 --> 02:00:04,120
allowed him. 
They were definitely concerned 

2403
02:00:04,120 --> 02:00:06,720
about that. 
But their primary concern was 

2404
02:00:06,720 --> 02:00:08,800
the army that was already there.
Now there's an old story of 

2405
02:00:08,800 --> 02:00:10,720
Luptra. 
It's a dark story. 

2406
02:00:10,720 --> 02:00:13,760
Long ago there were two young 
girls that lived on a farm. 

2407
02:00:14,240 --> 02:00:17,840
Some Spartan soldiers were 
passing through and they stopped

2408
02:00:17,840 --> 02:00:19,640
at this farm and asked for, you 
know, hey. 

2409
02:00:20,040 --> 02:00:22,680
Guestrite, which they were given
because, yeah, guestrite's a big

2410
02:00:22,680 --> 02:00:24,360
deal. 
In ancient Greece, Zeus was the 

2411
02:00:24,360 --> 02:00:26,880
perfector, was the protector of 
guestrite, so a big deal. 

2412
02:00:27,040 --> 02:00:29,120
So they were given guestrite, 
whatever the equivalent of it. 

2413
02:00:29,600 --> 02:00:32,360
And they made some rude comments
about the girls. 

2414
02:00:32,360 --> 02:00:34,680
They were like, hey, yeah, your 
girls look really good, You 

2415
02:00:34,680 --> 02:00:36,440
know, it's cat calling type 
stuff. 

2416
02:00:37,160 --> 02:00:40,200
But nothing happened. 
They went on their way to Delphi

2417
02:00:40,240 --> 02:00:42,600
and did their prayers, you know,
they went to the temple, did 

2418
02:00:42,600 --> 02:00:44,960
their stuff. 
On the way back, they came 

2419
02:00:44,960 --> 02:00:47,480
through again and they're like, 
hey, I don't see Dad. 

2420
02:00:48,040 --> 02:00:51,160
And they raped the 2 girls, 
killed them and threw them in a 

2421
02:00:51,160 --> 02:00:53,600
well, neighbors had seen them. 
So they were outed. 

2422
02:00:53,640 --> 02:00:56,120
And the father knew it was those
Spartans he had, they were 

2423
02:00:56,120 --> 02:00:58,240
recognized. 
So he went to Sparta to seek 

2424
02:00:58,240 --> 02:01:00,840
justice. 
He went to the public square and

2425
02:01:00,840 --> 02:01:03,080
yelled about it. 
He went to the kings, he went to

2426
02:01:03,080 --> 02:01:04,640
the Air Force, he went to 
anybody. 

2427
02:01:04,640 --> 02:01:06,080
No one listened. 
They ignored him. 

2428
02:01:06,640 --> 02:01:11,600
So he very publicly made this 
plea to the Furies. 

2429
02:01:11,600 --> 02:01:15,880
And the Furies are the the 
beings, supernatural beings in 

2430
02:01:15,920 --> 02:01:20,360
Greek mythology who or Greek 
belief system who are in charge 

2431
02:01:20,360 --> 02:01:24,000
of giving justice to the those 
who didn't get justice. 

2432
02:01:24,800 --> 02:01:28,480
And he did it very demonstrable.
He didn't just demand justice 

2433
02:01:28,480 --> 02:01:30,040
loudly. 
He hanged himself. 

2434
02:01:30,040 --> 02:01:31,560
He hung himself. 
He hung himself. 

2435
02:01:31,720 --> 02:01:32,520
No hang. 
That's right. 

2436
02:01:32,520 --> 02:01:33,720
Yeah. 
Stannis. 

2437
02:01:33,720 --> 02:01:34,440
Stannis. 
Thank you. 

2438
02:01:34,440 --> 02:01:35,480
Stannis. 
He hanged himself. 

2439
02:01:35,960 --> 02:01:37,800
So it was very public, very 
visible, very like. 

2440
02:01:37,800 --> 02:01:41,680
Whoa, this guy's serious. 
And so it became a story for 

2441
02:01:41,680 --> 02:01:43,760
years and years afterwards, 
there were oracles that would 

2442
02:01:43,760 --> 02:01:46,360
say, beware the wrath of the 
luktrodai, the Luktrodai being 

2443
02:01:46,360 --> 02:01:49,360
those two murdered girls, and 
then the father, whose spirit 

2444
02:01:49,360 --> 02:01:51,000
also would be considered to 
haunt them. 

2445
02:01:51,560 --> 02:01:55,040
So as they're camped on the 
plane, worried about what's 

2446
02:01:55,040 --> 02:01:57,680
next, looking at their army, 
looking at the Spartan army 

2447
02:01:57,680 --> 02:01:59,960
going theirs is bigger than 
ours, that's a problem. 

2448
02:02:00,520 --> 02:02:04,000
So they're looking for ways to 
help their morale, looking for 

2449
02:02:04,000 --> 02:02:07,400
ways to get the troops to not be
so afraid because one, it's the 

2450
02:02:07,400 --> 02:02:10,120
Spartans, they're afraid just 
because it's Sparta 2. 

2451
02:02:10,240 --> 02:02:11,480
They're afraid because they're 
outnumbered. 

2452
02:02:11,880 --> 02:02:15,920
The Sparta's reputation for 
being unbeaten despite Tagira, 

2453
02:02:16,560 --> 02:02:18,560
it was a small battle. 
This is something else. 

2454
02:02:18,560 --> 02:02:21,280
This is people are scared, 
they're very scared. 

2455
02:02:21,880 --> 02:02:24,480
So you got to find ways to boost
morale. 

2456
02:02:24,480 --> 02:02:28,000
Now I don't know if Palapa has 
made this up or not, but he told

2457
02:02:28,000 --> 02:02:30,840
the other senior officers while 
they're camped inside of the 

2458
02:02:30,840 --> 02:02:32,200
Spartan army. 
He's like, man, I just had a 

2459
02:02:32,200 --> 02:02:34,080
dream. 
I dreamt of the Lucridi, I 

2460
02:02:34,080 --> 02:02:36,440
dreamt of their father. 
I dreamt of them weeping over 

2461
02:02:36,440 --> 02:02:40,600
our camp and that they demanded 
the sacrifice of a fair haired 

2462
02:02:40,600 --> 02:02:43,160
virgin. 
Now that is not a thing that 

2463
02:02:43,160 --> 02:02:46,200
thebans do spark like they're 
human sacrifice. 

2464
02:02:46,360 --> 02:02:50,280
It's not that it never happens, 
but fair haired, that's not what

2465
02:02:50,280 --> 02:02:52,240
they would do. 
They don't sacrifice their own 

2466
02:02:52,240 --> 02:02:54,640
people like that. 
It's an outrageous thing. 

2467
02:02:55,120 --> 02:02:59,560
But while Palapitus is telling 
the story, Theocratus the seer 

2468
02:02:59,560 --> 02:03:01,360
is there. 
Remember, Theocratus is the guy 

2469
02:03:01,360 --> 02:03:04,280
that was there during the taking
back of the cadmium. 

2470
02:03:04,280 --> 02:03:07,640
He's the guy that advised the 
Spartan commander on how to 

2471
02:03:07,640 --> 02:03:10,640
properly seal the tomb. 
You know, all this stuff. 

2472
02:03:11,320 --> 02:03:14,880
The there a white mare runs 
through the camp as Philopis is 

2473
02:03:14,880 --> 02:03:16,760
telling us. 
He's like, there, there's your 

2474
02:03:16,760 --> 02:03:19,240
fair haired virgin. 
And Greeks were like, Oh yeah, 

2475
02:03:19,360 --> 02:03:21,720
perfect. 
They got no trouble sacrificing 

2476
02:03:21,720 --> 02:03:23,360
a horse to them. 
That's no, that's nothing at 

2477
02:03:23,360 --> 02:03:25,560
all. 
So, yeah, so they do that, and 

2478
02:03:25,560 --> 02:03:26,960
that helps morale a little bit, 
you know? 

2479
02:03:26,960 --> 02:03:28,680
OK, cool. 
That's a boost, buddy. 

2480
02:03:28,680 --> 02:03:31,640
Pam Anandis himself, he's like 
omens. 

2481
02:03:32,280 --> 02:03:35,400
Only one omen is best to fight 
for one's country. 

2482
02:03:35,600 --> 02:03:38,640
That's a a Homer quote. 
So men are like, yeah, all 

2483
02:03:38,640 --> 02:03:41,440
right, I can get behind that. 
But how many soldiers does Homer

2484
02:03:41,440 --> 02:03:45,320
have for us here? 
So what a Pam Anandis is 

2485
02:03:45,320 --> 02:03:48,160
starting to realize he's like 
painting a picture of a guy who 

2486
02:03:48,160 --> 02:03:51,840
doesn't like omens but realizes 
how important they are because a

2487
02:03:51,840 --> 02:03:54,960
bad one happened next. 
A messenger came with a with a 

2488
02:03:54,960 --> 02:03:59,200
spear and a a banner on it and 
the wind blew the banner and it 

2489
02:03:59,200 --> 02:04:01,920
came off and the banner landed 
on a gravestone. 

2490
02:04:02,200 --> 02:04:05,120
Soldiers were killed by a 
disallowers and they were like, 

2491
02:04:05,120 --> 02:04:06,920
oh, that's really bad. 
A bunch of people were just 

2492
02:04:06,920 --> 02:04:08,520
like, that's it. 
No battle's over. 

2493
02:04:08,520 --> 02:04:10,400
We can't do it. 
That's the worst omen possible. 

2494
02:04:10,640 --> 02:04:12,120
And if I'm on just just ignored 
it. 

2495
02:04:12,120 --> 02:04:16,360
He's like, no, that was his way 
of handling it, ignoring it. 

2496
02:04:16,360 --> 02:04:18,880
Meanwhile, he contrive to create
positive omen. 

2497
02:04:18,880 --> 02:04:21,320
He's like, Yep, ignore the 
negative ones and create the 

2498
02:04:21,320 --> 02:04:24,200
positive ones. 
So, and again, they seemed to 

2499
02:04:24,200 --> 02:04:26,960
need it. 
They had about 7500 men, 10,000 

2500
02:04:26,960 --> 02:04:31,440
Spartans were on the other side.
So he had a story put about that

2501
02:04:31,720 --> 02:04:34,080
back home at Thebes, which, you 
know, they're out in the plane, 

2502
02:04:34,080 --> 02:04:35,800
they can't see what's happening 
back in the city. 

2503
02:04:35,800 --> 02:04:40,560
He's like, hey, I just got word 
that the tomb of Hercules and 

2504
02:04:40,560 --> 02:04:44,760
Elias and all these other Theban
heroes, the arms that were left 

2505
02:04:44,760 --> 02:04:46,520
there to decorate their tombs, 
they're gone. 

2506
02:04:46,800 --> 02:04:49,200
The axes and Spears and swords 
and shifts, they're gone. 

2507
02:04:49,760 --> 02:04:52,720
It must mean the heroes have 
risen to fight at our side. 

2508
02:04:53,520 --> 02:04:55,600
They're like, yeah, it must that
What else could it mean? 

2509
02:04:57,560 --> 02:05:00,840
And then he has another guy. 
He tells this other guy to 

2510
02:05:00,840 --> 02:05:04,800
spread word that Zeus came to 
him in a dream, commanding him 

2511
02:05:05,320 --> 02:05:08,520
to hold a festival of victory. 
After this battle, the 

2512
02:05:08,520 --> 02:05:09,920
implication big that they're 
going to win. 

2513
02:05:10,160 --> 02:05:12,400
It's like, yeah, Zeus has 
already told you that you're 

2514
02:05:12,400 --> 02:05:13,960
going to win. 
He's already telling you what to

2515
02:05:13,960 --> 02:05:15,520
do after you win. 
Have a festival. 

2516
02:05:16,040 --> 02:05:18,840
Yeah. 
A Spartan defector, a guy named 

2517
02:05:18,840 --> 02:05:23,240
Cleandritis, son of Jilipus. 
Jilipus was one of those Spartan

2518
02:05:23,240 --> 02:05:25,760
commanders that was sent to do 
work elsewhere and ended up 

2519
02:05:25,760 --> 02:05:29,520
stealing money and got caught 
and was exiled. 

2520
02:05:29,520 --> 02:05:32,000
This is his son, so no wonder 
he's this guy's in exile, too. 

2521
02:05:32,600 --> 02:05:35,800
He's like, yeah, back in Sparta,
we have an Oracle. 

2522
02:05:35,800 --> 02:05:40,080
We've been for decades, we've 
been hearing that Sparta's going

2523
02:05:40,080 --> 02:05:41,520
to lose their supremacy at 
Luktra. 

2524
02:05:41,520 --> 02:05:44,720
Y'all should be confident this 
is almost certainly made-up. 

2525
02:05:45,840 --> 02:05:49,080
But something else changed, a 
more straightforward thing, 

2526
02:05:49,080 --> 02:05:51,720
which was that climb brought us 
hadn't brought his whole army 

2527
02:05:51,720 --> 02:05:52,760
forward yet. 
They were some of them were 

2528
02:05:52,760 --> 02:05:55,440
still back there. 
And so now when the full army 

2529
02:05:55,560 --> 02:05:57,960
was in camp and everyone could 
really see what they were faced 

2530
02:05:57,960 --> 02:06:01,800
with, the thiebens got scared 
again. 

2531
02:06:02,040 --> 02:06:04,280
So all of this back and forth 
with the morale and it started 

2532
02:06:04,280 --> 02:06:06,040
to dip again. 
And and they they're like, look,

2533
02:06:06,040 --> 02:06:08,640
let's call a vote. 
All right, The Pamela has agreed

2534
02:06:08,640 --> 02:06:10,080
to this. 
He said, OK, we'll call a vote 

2535
02:06:10,640 --> 02:06:12,800
the seven Botarks vote. 
I'm not I'm not one of the 

2536
02:06:12,800 --> 02:06:15,320
voters, just the seven Botarks, 
yes or no. 

2537
02:06:15,320 --> 02:06:18,320
Do we do with this battle? 
Three of them said yes. 

2538
02:06:18,400 --> 02:06:20,880
Three of them said no. 
One of them wasn't there. 

2539
02:06:20,880 --> 02:06:23,880
He was off guarding one of those
passes, right? 

2540
02:06:24,240 --> 02:06:26,560
So Pam Menanda just sends a 
messenger to that guy. 

2541
02:06:26,560 --> 02:06:28,600
He was like, hey, this is the 
situation. 

2542
02:06:29,240 --> 02:06:32,440
You know, you got a tie vote. 
You come down here and vote. 

2543
02:06:32,600 --> 02:06:35,640
And he encourages the yes vote 
somehow. 

2544
02:06:35,640 --> 02:06:37,800
Or maybe he knew the guy would 
vote yes because the guy comes 

2545
02:06:37,800 --> 02:06:42,000
and he votes yes and that's it. 
All right, 7th vote, yes it is. 

2546
02:06:42,000 --> 02:06:45,840
Battle goes and to be fair, this
is yeah, this is tricky. 

2547
02:06:45,840 --> 02:06:47,600
This is cunning, this is 
underhanded. 

2548
02:06:47,600 --> 02:06:49,760
But if hammer on his nose that 
look, Sparta's just going to 

2549
02:06:49,760 --> 02:06:51,440
come back. 
They, they're they're close by. 

2550
02:06:51,440 --> 02:06:53,280
What if we leave? 
What are we going to do 

2551
02:06:53,480 --> 02:06:56,120
withstand a siege? 
Then when they come back next 

2552
02:06:56,120 --> 02:06:58,760
year, we'll be weaker because 
we, we're holed up all year in 

2553
02:06:58,760 --> 02:07:02,120
inside and a bunch of us died of
malnutrition. 

2554
02:07:02,120 --> 02:07:03,960
We, it's it's now or never, 
y'all? 

2555
02:07:04,120 --> 02:07:06,120
That was his attitude, but he 
didn't present it that way 

2556
02:07:06,120 --> 02:07:07,760
because that's not a good way to
build morale. 

2557
02:07:08,440 --> 02:07:11,600
Was telling people that we have 
no choice but to fight now is 

2558
02:07:11,600 --> 02:07:15,640
not the most optimistic. 
So he does these omens, these 

2559
02:07:15,640 --> 02:07:19,200
fake omens again. 
This is his first time being a 

2560
02:07:19,200 --> 02:07:21,920
general. 
Y'all like this is advanced 

2561
02:07:22,080 --> 02:07:26,720
morale maneuvering, very 
advanced stuff, very clever 

2562
02:07:27,040 --> 02:07:30,040
stuff that you would expect an 
old Wiley veteran general to do 

2563
02:07:30,040 --> 02:07:33,600
a a veteran of 100 battles type 
guy to do this, but this is his 

2564
02:07:33,600 --> 02:07:34,960
first. 
It's crazy. 

2565
02:07:35,160 --> 02:07:38,040
This guy's a philosopher, right?
A him and his brother were 

2566
02:07:38,040 --> 02:07:41,040
students of Lysis who was a 
student of Pythagoras. 

2567
02:07:41,040 --> 02:07:44,400
And this is this is a 
philosopher warrior general in 

2568
02:07:44,400 --> 02:07:45,680
action. 
Y'all, it's really something. 

2569
02:07:46,320 --> 02:07:48,240
But was it enough? 
Was it enough? 

2570
02:07:48,240 --> 02:07:51,720
They're still outnumbered and 
it's still Sparta, right that. 

2571
02:07:52,560 --> 02:07:53,880
So let's get to the 
dispositions. 

2572
02:07:53,880 --> 02:07:55,560
We're getting very close to the 
actual battle. 

2573
02:07:56,360 --> 02:07:59,520
Arcademus, son of Agisilaus, his
heir. 

2574
02:07:59,840 --> 02:08:03,400
He commanded the other wing, 
which is a fairly standard 

2575
02:08:03,400 --> 02:08:05,440
Spartan phalanx arrangement. 
Of course, the first wing 

2576
02:08:05,440 --> 02:08:07,920
controlled by Clambrotus 
himself. 

2577
02:08:08,320 --> 02:08:10,760
They had 9000 infantry and 1000 
cavalry. 

2578
02:08:10,960 --> 02:08:13,040
But don't get the wrong 
impression. 

2579
02:08:13,040 --> 02:08:14,680
When you're thinking Game of 
Thrones, you're thinking the 

2580
02:08:14,680 --> 02:08:17,720
cavalry is the best, right? 
Whether it's Dothraki, whether 

2581
02:08:17,720 --> 02:08:19,680
it's Westerosi Knights, they're 
generally the best. 

2582
02:08:20,000 --> 02:08:21,840
And the less it's Unsullied, of 
course. 

2583
02:08:22,280 --> 02:08:24,720
Now it isn't the case that the 
Spartans should be thought of 

2584
02:08:24,720 --> 02:08:26,760
like unsullied, although that's 
not too far off. 

2585
02:08:27,240 --> 02:08:29,720
But it's more that the cavalry 
sucks rather than the infantry 

2586
02:08:29,720 --> 02:08:31,840
is so much better. 
It is better, but it's it's not 

2587
02:08:31,840 --> 02:08:33,480
that they're better than some 
great cavalry. 

2588
02:08:33,480 --> 02:08:35,080
It's that the cavalry actually 
sucks. 

2589
02:08:35,360 --> 02:08:38,240
And I don't mean they're just 
low quality. 

2590
02:08:38,240 --> 02:08:41,600
I mean, literally the Spartans 
give their worst troops the 

2591
02:08:41,600 --> 02:08:44,520
horses. 
They they're that infantry 

2592
02:08:44,520 --> 02:08:46,400
obsessed that it's almost like 
they're not even a sign. 

2593
02:08:46,400 --> 02:08:49,360
It's like, OK, who are our 
current worst 1000 guys? 

2594
02:08:49,560 --> 02:08:52,120
You're the horseman. 
That's weird, right? 

2595
02:08:52,400 --> 02:08:56,440
So Epaminondas, however, he is 
doing all sorts of different 

2596
02:08:56,440 --> 02:08:57,640
things. 
The Spartans are very 

2597
02:08:57,640 --> 02:09:00,240
conservative. 
They and most of ancient Greece 

2598
02:09:00,240 --> 02:09:01,320
is too. 
They said through their set 

2599
02:09:01,320 --> 02:09:03,040
peace battles, they line their 
phalanxes up. 

2600
02:09:03,040 --> 02:09:06,120
Remember what I told you many 
times before, Best guys on the 

2601
02:09:06,120 --> 02:09:09,320
right, you're right fights their
left, their left fights your 

2602
02:09:09,320 --> 02:09:12,080
right, their worst fights, your 
best, our best fights their 

2603
02:09:12,080 --> 02:09:15,320
worst and then you meet in the 
middle, Epaminonda said. 

2604
02:09:15,320 --> 02:09:20,000
Nope, I'm not just an innovator 
of morale strategy. 

2605
02:09:20,000 --> 02:09:22,720
I'm going to change everything 
about how we do the setup. 

2606
02:09:23,240 --> 02:09:26,640
He instead of saying your worst 
fights our best and our best 

2607
02:09:26,640 --> 02:09:28,840
fights your worst, he's saying 
our best are going right after 

2608
02:09:28,840 --> 02:09:30,800
your best. 
Kind of like what Palapas did it

2609
02:09:30,800 --> 02:09:32,400
to Gyra. 
He's like, our best are going to

2610
02:09:32,400 --> 02:09:35,440
fight your best and if our best 
win, your best are going to be 

2611
02:09:35,440 --> 02:09:38,320
leaderless and confused and not 
know what to do. 

2612
02:09:39,040 --> 02:09:43,120
And Epaminon just demonstrated 
this with a visual metaphor. 

2613
02:09:43,120 --> 02:09:47,560
He got in front of the entire 
army, held a live snake up and 

2614
02:09:47,560 --> 02:09:53,400
crushed its head in his hand and
said the Spartan army is this 

2615
02:09:53,400 --> 02:09:55,960
body. 
If you kill the head, all of it.

2616
02:09:55,960 --> 02:09:57,760
But he's taking the metaphor 
further than that. 

2617
02:09:57,760 --> 02:10:00,200
Palapa has killed the Spartan 
officers and the rest of the 

2618
02:10:00,200 --> 02:10:02,200
army fell apart. 
This is a much bigger army. 

2619
02:10:02,920 --> 02:10:05,920
If Pymanandis's idea isn't just 
to kill the Spartan officers all

2620
02:10:05,920 --> 02:10:07,200
that. 
That is his plan. 

2621
02:10:07,280 --> 02:10:10,880
He wants to kill as many of the 
actual Spartans as possible so 

2622
02:10:10,880 --> 02:10:15,240
that the allies not just don't 
want to fight, but they realize 

2623
02:10:15,320 --> 02:10:17,920
they don't have to. 
They're not there because they 

2624
02:10:17,920 --> 02:10:18,880
want to be. 
They're not there because 

2625
02:10:18,880 --> 02:10:20,520
they're ideologically behind 
Sparta. 

2626
02:10:20,520 --> 02:10:22,160
They're there because they got 
no choice. 

2627
02:10:22,160 --> 02:10:24,760
It's that or else, and they sign
that deal. 

2628
02:10:24,920 --> 02:10:28,560
But what happens if Sparta loses
a lot of men right in front of 

2629
02:10:28,560 --> 02:10:31,040
them? 
Then they can go, wait a minute,

2630
02:10:31,520 --> 02:10:33,120
how are they going to make us 
fight for them anymore? 

2631
02:10:33,120 --> 02:10:36,960
They just lost like a bunch of 
dudes, a bunch of soldiers, and 

2632
02:10:37,560 --> 02:10:40,280
we could break free. 
That's exactly what EPA minus is

2633
02:10:40,280 --> 02:10:43,040
ending, ending aiming for. 
He's wants them to perceive 

2634
02:10:43,040 --> 02:10:44,480
that. 
He wants them to see that they 

2635
02:10:44,480 --> 02:10:48,000
don't have to fight for Sparta. 
And so his strategy goes even 

2636
02:10:48,000 --> 02:10:50,400
further. 
Not only does he put his weakest

2637
02:10:50,400 --> 02:10:53,480
on one side to face their 
weakest, he tells his weakest to

2638
02:10:53,520 --> 02:10:55,880
line up an echelon formation. 
If you don't know what echelon 

2639
02:10:55,880 --> 02:10:58,480
formation, it's like this. 
It's like a backward diagonal 

2640
02:10:58,480 --> 02:11:01,640
line. 
So each man going farther out to

2641
02:11:01,640 --> 02:11:03,800
the right is slightly farther 
behind than the rest. 

2642
02:11:03,880 --> 02:11:06,320
And this is by design because he
does not want the right, the 

2643
02:11:06,320 --> 02:11:09,880
left wings to meet at all. 
He doesn't want any bad blood 

2644
02:11:09,880 --> 02:11:12,680
between the allies of Sparta 
that he's trying to detach from 

2645
02:11:12,680 --> 02:11:13,800
them. 
He's like kill the head of the 

2646
02:11:13,800 --> 02:11:15,320
snake. 
They won't fight us. 

2647
02:11:15,320 --> 02:11:17,480
They don't hate us unless we 
make them. 

2648
02:11:18,160 --> 02:11:21,480
So he doesn't not he doesn't 
just tell his his left wing 

2649
02:11:21,480 --> 02:11:24,880
weaker soldiers to hold back. 
He tells them to back up. 

2650
02:11:25,120 --> 02:11:30,000
He's like do not fight them. 
Give us time you back up by time

2651
02:11:30,160 --> 02:11:33,400
we're going to move forward at 
double speed, finish off those 

2652
02:11:33,400 --> 02:11:36,960
Spartans if we can and then you 
guys won't have to do anything. 

2653
02:11:37,680 --> 02:11:39,720
Now they he doesn't actually 
tell them all this the full 

2654
02:11:39,720 --> 02:11:42,040
plan, because then the plan 
would get out. 

2655
02:11:42,280 --> 02:11:46,880
But that's the idea. 
And now standard phalanx is 12 

2656
02:11:46,880 --> 02:11:48,920
deep. 
If I'm going to said, you know 

2657
02:11:48,920 --> 02:11:53,880
what, let's go 50 and remember, 
this isn't just like a line of 

2658
02:11:53,880 --> 02:11:55,680
soldiers. 
They're all pushing each other. 

2659
02:11:55,680 --> 02:11:58,360
The one guy in the back has his 
shield planted into the back of 

2660
02:11:58,360 --> 02:11:59,600
the guy in front of him and he's
pushing. 

2661
02:11:59,760 --> 02:12:02,400
He's pushing. 
So 12 guys pushing against each 

2662
02:12:02,400 --> 02:12:03,640
other in a standard failings 
range. 

2663
02:12:03,640 --> 02:12:05,880
But Spartans would always win 
this because they spend all day 

2664
02:12:05,880 --> 02:12:09,560
practicing pushing. 
It's like an NFL scrum or rugby 

2665
02:12:09,560 --> 02:12:10,960
scrum where they're just shove 
it and shove it. 

2666
02:12:11,040 --> 02:12:14,160
They do this all day long every 
day because they don't farm. 

2667
02:12:14,160 --> 02:12:16,840
They don't right. 
They don't do anything but learn

2668
02:12:16,840 --> 02:12:18,640
how to fight. 
So they're really good at it. 

2669
02:12:18,760 --> 02:12:23,720
But twelve against 50, they're 
not that good right now. 

2670
02:12:24,440 --> 02:12:26,360
So I put him on it says quite a 
plan. 

2671
02:12:26,360 --> 02:12:29,200
It's quite, quite a plan and and
Clair brothers doesn't know any 

2672
02:12:29,200 --> 02:12:30,840
of this. 
He doesn't see he doesn't have 

2673
02:12:31,040 --> 02:12:36,320
an inkling of any of that. 
So right as they're lining up to

2674
02:12:36,360 --> 02:12:40,120
do battle, they're getting their
dispositions in their echelon 

2675
02:12:40,120 --> 02:12:43,480
formation for the allies, the 
ones that but Pam Ananas isn't 

2676
02:12:43,480 --> 02:12:46,280
even counting on them much. 
The Thespians are like, you know

2677
02:12:46,280 --> 02:12:48,120
what? 
We're pissed about that whole 

2678
02:12:48,120 --> 02:12:49,760
walls thing. 
We're leaving. 

2679
02:12:50,200 --> 02:12:51,920
We're not fighting. 
We're not going to fight Sparta 

2680
02:12:51,920 --> 02:12:54,880
for you, you wall taking down 
jerks. 

2681
02:12:55,400 --> 02:12:58,520
Any Pam Ananas is like, OK, 
that's cool. 

2682
02:12:59,080 --> 02:13:01,360
We're not here to force you to 
fight battles that you don't 

2683
02:13:01,360 --> 02:13:02,960
believe in. 
Hint, hint. 

2684
02:13:03,000 --> 02:13:08,360
Spartan allies, in fact. 
Remember the Mantenaeans? 

2685
02:13:08,360 --> 02:13:11,040
We talked about the Mantenaeans.
They're the ones whose walls 

2686
02:13:11,040 --> 02:13:14,640
came down thanks to a diverted 
river, like the rains of 

2687
02:13:14,640 --> 02:13:17,200
Castamere. 
Well, they were fighting for 

2688
02:13:17,200 --> 02:13:20,960
Sparta that day. 
They saw the Thespians get to 

2689
02:13:20,960 --> 02:13:23,560
leave. 
Maybe they didn't know exactly 

2690
02:13:23,560 --> 02:13:25,600
because it was about the walls, 
but I bet they did. 

2691
02:13:25,600 --> 02:13:27,680
They heard about that. 
News gets around. 

2692
02:13:27,680 --> 02:13:31,840
It's a small country. 
They're like they got let they 

2693
02:13:31,880 --> 02:13:33,840
their walls were taken down and 
he's letting them go. 

2694
02:13:33,840 --> 02:13:36,280
We got our walls taken down by 
Sparta and we're standing here 

2695
02:13:36,280 --> 02:13:39,120
fighting for them. 
How good could their morale 

2696
02:13:39,120 --> 02:13:41,760
possibly be? 
Yet they didn't leave. 

2697
02:13:41,760 --> 02:13:44,120
They were still afraid of the 
pushback from Sparta. 

2698
02:13:44,120 --> 02:13:46,440
They were still expecting to be 
on the winning side. 

2699
02:13:47,360 --> 02:13:51,000
The trumpets blue, the horns 
started the battle. 

2700
02:13:51,160 --> 02:13:53,840
Here it comes now, there may 
have been trickery and 

2701
02:13:53,840 --> 02:13:55,520
preparable. 
There was trickery and 

2702
02:13:55,520 --> 02:13:59,200
preparations and dispositions, 
but no side was caught off guard

2703
02:13:59,200 --> 02:14:01,360
at the start of the battle. 
It was it was like a set piece 

2704
02:14:01,360 --> 02:14:02,520
battle. 
We start now. 

2705
02:14:03,200 --> 02:14:05,400
Now Klienbroad hasn't taken heat
for for this. 

2706
02:14:05,400 --> 02:14:06,880
Actually, he should have 
attacked sooner. 

2707
02:14:06,880 --> 02:14:09,280
Probably. 
He had shown passivity in 

2708
02:14:09,280 --> 02:14:12,120
general towards Thebes and most 
of his life he had shown a 

2709
02:14:12,120 --> 02:14:15,120
preference for being at war with
Athens over Thebes, but 

2710
02:14:15,120 --> 02:14:17,720
generally lost out on that 
'cause it just allows held more 

2711
02:14:17,720 --> 02:14:20,800
power, more sway, was much 
older, much more entrenched. 

2712
02:14:22,000 --> 02:14:26,160
And Clayton Brodus was warned. 
Hey bro, if you persist and you 

2713
02:14:26,160 --> 02:14:29,080
don't attack Thebes, you might 
get exiled. 

2714
02:14:29,200 --> 02:14:31,400
Your grandfather got exiled for 
that exact thing. 

2715
02:14:31,400 --> 02:14:33,600
So it wasn't an idol threat. 
Remember King Pausanias, we 

2716
02:14:33,600 --> 02:14:35,600
talked about that guy. 
That's the guy that was exiled 

2717
02:14:35,600 --> 02:14:38,400
from Spartan and went out to to 
write a history of Spartan lots.

2718
02:14:38,400 --> 02:14:40,760
What he did in exile was like, 
hey, write about Spartan 

2719
02:14:40,760 --> 02:14:43,520
authority structures. 
The one I got kicked out of, who

2720
02:14:43,520 --> 02:14:46,520
knows it better than me. 
Anyway, Clayton Brodus took that

2721
02:14:46,520 --> 02:14:49,560
seriously, I suppose. 
And battle was joined. 

2722
02:14:49,560 --> 02:14:53,240
It went off as ordered. 
Initially, the Spartans advanced

2723
02:14:53,640 --> 02:14:56,960
in a manner not unlike Gregor 
Clegane. 

2724
02:14:56,960 --> 02:15:01,320
Confident, perhaps contemptuous,
bigger for a certainty, not 

2725
02:15:01,320 --> 02:15:05,160
running, but not slow. 
They use flutes to keep time, 

2726
02:15:05,440 --> 02:15:08,160
not drums. 
Sounds kind of creepy actually. 

2727
02:15:08,160 --> 02:15:12,320
I know that flutes are a big 
part of like Cthulhu lore, so I 

2728
02:15:12,320 --> 02:15:14,880
always think of that when I 
think of flutes in battle. 

2729
02:15:14,880 --> 02:15:18,600
It's it's not like the, you 
know, it's something dark and 

2730
02:15:18,600 --> 02:15:20,080
evil sounding. 
Maybe it isn't. 

2731
02:15:20,120 --> 02:15:23,160
That's how I perceive it. 
And they're so confident and so 

2732
02:15:23,160 --> 02:15:27,160
pious at halfway to meeting the 
the even lines, they stop 

2733
02:15:28,040 --> 02:15:30,960
sacrifice to the gods, then 
continue like that's that's how 

2734
02:15:30,960 --> 02:15:35,520
they do it. 
Epaminondas with the Sacred Band

2735
02:15:35,520 --> 02:15:38,920
led by Palopitus advanced like 
some Greek Red Viper. 

2736
02:15:38,920 --> 02:15:42,440
Especially in Palopitus case, 
this guy was eager. 

2737
02:15:42,440 --> 02:15:45,480
He wanted to fight them, not 
just because he was confident, 

2738
02:15:45,680 --> 02:15:49,960
maybe a little bloodthirsty like
the Red Viper, but also very 

2739
02:15:49,960 --> 02:15:54,240
eager for justice, very eager 
for violently achieved justice. 

2740
02:15:54,320 --> 02:15:57,360
With Spears too, like the Red 
Viper, right, but without the 

2741
02:15:57,360 --> 02:15:59,880
poison. 
So the demons were on a razor's 

2742
02:15:59,880 --> 02:16:02,320
edge of internal struggle here, 
where their fear of Sparta was 

2743
02:16:02,320 --> 02:16:06,640
facing off with their fear of 
complete destruction, balanced 

2744
02:16:06,640 --> 02:16:11,400
by the great morale tricks and 
actual leadership of Epaminondas

2745
02:16:11,400 --> 02:16:13,360
and Palopitus, who were 
genuinely confident. 

2746
02:16:14,120 --> 02:16:16,360
You have to fight if you're 
going to lose everything if you 

2747
02:16:16,360 --> 02:16:18,160
don't, right? 
I mean, that's kind of what it 

2748
02:16:18,160 --> 02:16:20,400
comes down to. 
But there might be a voice in 

2749
02:16:20,400 --> 02:16:22,880
the back of your head saying 
maybe not, maybe you can get 

2750
02:16:22,880 --> 02:16:24,200
away. 
Maybe your city's destroyed, but

2751
02:16:24,200 --> 02:16:26,800
you can get away. 
You can run. 

2752
02:16:27,320 --> 02:16:30,000
You can get your family and go 
live somewhere else, can't you? 

2753
02:16:30,600 --> 02:16:33,160
Yeah, maybe. 
The leadership of thieves was 

2754
02:16:33,160 --> 02:16:35,719
really remarkable. 
They they were able to predict 

2755
02:16:36,320 --> 02:16:39,200
and counteract this pervasive 
thought that must have been 

2756
02:16:39,200 --> 02:16:40,879
going through the heads of so 
many soldiers. 

2757
02:16:40,879 --> 02:16:44,879
I mean, it's Sparta 300 years. 
Sparta has not lost a battle 

2758
02:16:44,879 --> 02:16:47,120
like this. 
That's what they're facing. 

2759
02:16:47,719 --> 02:16:50,400
What is a what is a mashed snake
head against that? 

2760
02:16:51,840 --> 02:16:53,799
So I've given you all this 
underdog setup for the battle, 

2761
02:16:53,799 --> 02:16:56,040
obviously focused on Thebes 
dispositions, because Sparta is 

2762
02:16:56,040 --> 02:16:58,559
a very standard. 
Thebes is very much the underdog

2763
02:16:58,559 --> 02:17:01,000
story who kind of kind of mean 
you expecting them to win? 

2764
02:17:01,320 --> 02:17:06,240
Well, I just compared them to 
the Red Viper, so beware someone

2765
02:17:06,240 --> 02:17:07,320
who loses when they're about to 
win. 

2766
02:17:07,320 --> 02:17:09,360
Don't be too sure here, but 
let's continue. 

2767
02:17:10,040 --> 02:17:13,120
Clam Brod has positioned his 
cavalry in front of the failing.

2768
02:17:13,120 --> 02:17:17,160
That is weird, very odd, because
the one we just got through 

2769
02:17:17,160 --> 02:17:19,240
talking about how they're the 
weak part, they're the weakest 

2770
02:17:19,240 --> 02:17:20,920
aspect. 
And even though Clam Brod has a 

2771
02:17:20,920 --> 02:17:24,639
larger army, he has less cavalry
and his cavalry sucks and the 

2772
02:17:24,639 --> 02:17:27,200
even cavalry is good and more 
numerous. 

2773
02:17:27,840 --> 02:17:29,360
What the heck was he doing? 
We don't know. 

2774
02:17:29,360 --> 02:17:32,000
Historians to this day are like,
what was he doing? 

2775
02:17:32,000 --> 02:17:34,600
Xenophon doesn't even comment on
it, probably because he has no 

2776
02:17:34,600 --> 02:17:37,959
idea and doesn't want to delve 
into a subject that's kind of 

2777
02:17:37,959 --> 02:17:40,840
embarrassing for Sparta. 
He might have been trying to 

2778
02:17:40,840 --> 02:17:43,559
create a dust cloud to obscure 
something. 

2779
02:17:43,559 --> 02:17:46,719
I don't know why. 
And if he did, it backfired, as 

2780
02:17:46,719 --> 02:17:48,080
we'll tell you in here in a 
minute. 

2781
02:17:48,719 --> 02:17:52,000
Usually the point of horsemen in
this spot is to protect the 

2782
02:17:52,000 --> 02:17:53,200
flanks. 
Like their flanks are 

2783
02:17:53,200 --> 02:17:54,719
vulnerable. 
Their Spears and Shields are 

2784
02:17:54,719 --> 02:17:56,520
facing forward. 
There's nothing over here. 

2785
02:17:56,680 --> 02:18:01,400
So the horses, the horsemen, 
mobile can swoop in and make 

2786
02:18:01,400 --> 02:18:03,400
sure nothing happens there. 
That's the whole point, right? 

2787
02:18:04,040 --> 02:18:07,520
So he, Pam Anandis, his very 
early in his generalship career,

2788
02:18:07,520 --> 02:18:09,920
gets the very one of the easiest
calls he has to make. 

2789
02:18:09,920 --> 02:18:13,000
He's like, all right, well, he 
sent his thousand crappy cavalry

2790
02:18:13,000 --> 02:18:15,280
forward. 
I'll send my 1500 awesome 

2791
02:18:15,280 --> 02:18:18,639
cavalry forward to face them. 
He's probably like, is this a 

2792
02:18:18,639 --> 02:18:20,160
trap? 
What is going on here? 

2793
02:18:20,480 --> 02:18:23,719
Like, it's it's too easy. 
So, yeah, Cleveland Rd. starts 

2794
02:18:23,719 --> 02:18:25,920
off by offering a preliminary 
skirmish. 

2795
02:18:25,920 --> 02:18:28,440
He's sure to lose. 
What is going on here? 

2796
02:18:28,440 --> 02:18:31,360
Again, good thing for thieves to
just allow us wasn't in charge. 

2797
02:18:32,200 --> 02:18:34,400
So that's what happens. 
It wasn't some trick. 

2798
02:18:34,680 --> 02:18:37,400
The Theven cavalry defeats the 
Spartan cavalry easily. 

2799
02:18:37,400 --> 02:18:40,879
Some of the Spartan cavalry flee
backwards and this causes 

2800
02:18:40,879 --> 02:18:43,440
problems. 
They flee backwards and some of 

2801
02:18:43,440 --> 02:18:46,320
them slam into the formations. 
The phalanx formations and 

2802
02:18:46,320 --> 02:18:49,360
phalanx formation cohesion is 
extremely important, as we've 

2803
02:18:49,360 --> 02:18:51,360
talked about. 
It's the whole, everyone's 

2804
02:18:51,360 --> 02:18:53,240
pushing forward. 
If you got a gap in your line, 

2805
02:18:53,240 --> 02:18:55,520
all of a sudden your buddy's 
shield isn't protecting you 

2806
02:18:55,520 --> 02:18:56,559
anymore. 
All of a sudden you're 

2807
02:18:56,559 --> 02:18:58,280
vulnerable. 
All of a sudden you're not all 

2808
02:18:58,280 --> 02:19:00,760
pushing together. 
Lots of things go wrong if the 

2809
02:19:00,760 --> 02:19:03,280
phalanx goes wrong, if unit 
cohesion is broken. 

2810
02:19:03,520 --> 02:19:07,440
But Spartans so good at this, 
they practice again all day, 

2811
02:19:07,480 --> 02:19:10,040
every day. 
Unit cohesion, follow orders, 

2812
02:19:10,040 --> 02:19:14,400
stay together, bravery, piety, 
always winning. 

2813
02:19:15,120 --> 02:19:17,400
But this did 'cause some real 
problems that these horses 

2814
02:19:17,400 --> 02:19:20,120
slamming into them, there's a 
little bit of yeah, get back in 

2815
02:19:20,120 --> 02:19:24,200
formation. 
That's when the Sacred Band 

2816
02:19:24,200 --> 02:19:25,280
charges. 
They're like, this is what we've

2817
02:19:25,280 --> 02:19:26,719
been waiting for. 
Now it's a gyra. 

2818
02:19:26,719 --> 02:19:28,440
They didn't wait for an 
opportunity. 

2819
02:19:28,680 --> 02:19:32,760
They just went right for the 
enemy leaders and hope for the 

2820
02:19:32,760 --> 02:19:37,959
best and and at maximum speed, 
hope that surprise and momentum 

2821
02:19:37,959 --> 02:19:39,920
would be enough. 
And of course, then it worked 

2822
02:19:39,920 --> 02:19:42,600
here. 
Well, let's see what happens. 

2823
02:19:42,799 --> 02:19:45,160
The dust cloud actually helped 
the Thebans. 

2824
02:19:45,200 --> 02:19:47,520
That's why I said I don't. 
If Climb Brods was trying to 

2825
02:19:47,520 --> 02:19:50,440
make a dust cloud to block 
something, it backfired because 

2826
02:19:51,000 --> 02:19:54,080
by creating a dust cloud, which 
did happen by the two cavalry 

2827
02:19:54,160 --> 02:19:57,960
detachments coming together. 
Climb Brodus and his men did not

2828
02:19:58,640 --> 02:20:02,560
check, did not catch the fact 
that they weren't facing the 

2829
02:20:02,560 --> 02:20:05,760
weak. 
Theban left, they were facing 

2830
02:20:05,920 --> 02:20:08,440
right on right, the strong verse
the strong. 

2831
02:20:08,640 --> 02:20:12,600
And they didn't see that it was 
A50 rank deep phalanx instead of

2832
02:20:12,600 --> 02:20:16,680
the standard 12. 
So they had no time to adjust. 

2833
02:20:16,680 --> 02:20:21,160
In fact, they had no time at all
because the Thebans charged as 

2834
02:20:21,160 --> 02:20:24,760
soon as there was a bit of 
disruption in the Spartan lines.

2835
02:20:25,360 --> 02:20:27,600
And again, they did something 
unexpected. 

2836
02:20:27,600 --> 02:20:29,600
The Thebans, the Spartans, like,
whoa, what's going on? 

2837
02:20:29,600 --> 02:20:31,040
OK, we're Spartans, we can 
handle this. 

2838
02:20:31,040 --> 02:20:34,200
Get back in charge. 
Be cool, but wait, these guys 

2839
02:20:34,200 --> 02:20:35,720
aren't coming straight at us, 
they're coming at us at an 

2840
02:20:35,720 --> 02:20:37,200
angle. 
They're moving like this. 

2841
02:20:37,520 --> 02:20:39,960
They're trying to get around us 
on our side to hit us from the 

2842
02:20:39,960 --> 02:20:42,440
side. 
Which is really weird because 

2843
02:20:42,440 --> 02:20:46,720
you don't usually outflank 
armies that are bigger than you.

2844
02:20:47,360 --> 02:20:50,960
But they had their unusual depth
of formation that would make it 

2845
02:20:50,960 --> 02:20:53,360
impossible to surround them. 
And they weren't aiming to 

2846
02:20:53,360 --> 02:20:57,640
surround the whole Spartan army,
just the Spartan command parts 

2847
02:20:57,640 --> 02:21:00,080
just to kill as many actual 
Spartans and Spartan officers. 

2848
02:21:00,080 --> 02:21:03,280
They were trying as hard as they
could to kill those and as hard 

2849
02:21:03,280 --> 02:21:05,600
as they could to not kill the 
Spartan allies. 

2850
02:21:06,320 --> 02:21:11,240
So indeed, the Sacred Band, with
Palopitus Epaminondas by their 

2851
02:21:11,240 --> 02:21:14,440
side, because again, these guys 
lead from the front, come 

2852
02:21:14,440 --> 02:21:16,640
together. 
It's the Spartan Elites versus 

2853
02:21:16,640 --> 02:21:20,200
the Sacred Band and the picked 
man of Epaminondas. 

2854
02:21:20,200 --> 02:21:24,160
The rest again Cleam Brodis is 
surrounded by Spartan Elites 

2855
02:21:24,360 --> 02:21:28,480
veterans confident they have 
Phodrios himself. 

2856
02:21:28,480 --> 02:21:31,640
Is there the one who took the 
Cadmia, his son Cleonimus, The 

2857
02:21:31,640 --> 02:21:34,760
one who was so pretty but also 
apparently a good fighter? 

2858
02:21:34,760 --> 02:21:37,400
The one who was beloved if it 
just allows his Erakodamus who 

2859
02:21:37,400 --> 02:21:40,400
is currently leading the other 
detachment, The other Spartan 

2860
02:21:40,400 --> 02:21:43,640
wing plus 300 so-called Knights.
Yes, they were actually called 

2861
02:21:43,640 --> 02:21:47,120
Knights who were the core, the 
elite Knights of Sparta that 

2862
02:21:47,120 --> 02:21:49,040
were there to protect the king, 
fight at his side. 

2863
02:21:49,920 --> 02:21:52,760
But Palopitus in the Sacred Band
forced their way into that 

2864
02:21:52,760 --> 02:21:55,360
formation like a spear point, 
driving further inward, 

2865
02:21:55,360 --> 02:21:59,440
preventing cohesion from being 
restored to the Spartan lines. 

2866
02:21:59,680 --> 02:22:04,560
They were not able to operate as
accustomed. 150 pairs of lovers 

2867
02:22:05,080 --> 02:22:09,320
wrought devastation on Spartans 
who would never allow such a 

2868
02:22:09,320 --> 02:22:11,760
thing in their own army. 
There's some some metaphors here

2869
02:22:11,760 --> 02:22:16,440
aplenty like love wins right 
now. 

2870
02:22:16,440 --> 02:22:18,880
At times like this, a lot of the
individuals have forgotten this 

2871
02:22:18,880 --> 02:22:21,400
is a Spartan unit versus the 
Sacred Band. 

2872
02:22:21,400 --> 02:22:23,480
We know what they're about, but 
we don't know most of their 

2873
02:22:23,480 --> 02:22:26,280
names. 
Phalanxes operate and die by 

2874
02:22:26,280 --> 02:22:29,560
their cohesion. 
The Theben lines would have been

2875
02:22:29,560 --> 02:22:33,400
seeing people they recognized. 
There would have been melon 

2876
02:22:33,400 --> 02:22:35,680
pamonies, perhaps Theocritus. 
I don't know. 

2877
02:22:35,680 --> 02:22:38,120
If the Seer fought in the battle
it wouldn't be weird though. 

2878
02:22:38,120 --> 02:22:42,480
I mean, Socrates fought in 
phalanxes, you know, Plato, like

2879
02:22:42,480 --> 02:22:44,240
these guys. 
It's not this is the time when 

2880
02:22:44,240 --> 02:22:46,600
everybody fought in the army. 
Y'all, if you're a man of age, 

2881
02:22:46,600 --> 02:22:49,080
you we were in the army. 
Or people really look down on 

2882
02:22:49,080 --> 02:22:50,600
you like you're not going to 
help with the defense of your 

2883
02:22:50,600 --> 02:22:52,080
own country. 
What kind of man are you? 

2884
02:22:52,080 --> 02:22:54,240
Like, you don't deserve this. 
Of course, Socrates have been 

2885
02:22:54,240 --> 02:22:56,760
dead for a few decades. 
Not at this point, but still. 

2886
02:22:57,400 --> 02:23:01,120
So it, it was continuing. 
The the fighting was fierce. 

2887
02:23:01,360 --> 02:23:06,320
The Spartans gave good account, 
but the Thebans were just too 

2888
02:23:06,320 --> 02:23:10,840
ready, too determined. 
Their strategy was superior and 

2889
02:23:10,840 --> 02:23:12,960
there was no adjustment by the 
Spartans. 

2890
02:23:12,960 --> 02:23:14,280
That was all they could do but 
to fight. 

2891
02:23:14,280 --> 02:23:16,240
They couldn't change their order
of battle. 

2892
02:23:16,240 --> 02:23:19,720
They were they couldn't reform 
orders couldn't really be given 

2893
02:23:19,720 --> 02:23:22,200
in the heat like that. 
It's just too confusing, too 

2894
02:23:22,200 --> 02:23:26,280
chaotic. 
Svodryos was killed, and I 

2895
02:23:26,280 --> 02:23:29,320
wonder if the Theban who who 
killed him knew who he had 

2896
02:23:29,320 --> 02:23:32,600
killed there again, it's a small
world here. 

2897
02:23:32,600 --> 02:23:36,360
Svodryos was a in Thebes as the 
Garrison commander for three 

2898
02:23:36,360 --> 02:23:38,440
years. 
Well, not all three years, he 

2899
02:23:38,440 --> 02:23:41,120
was sent back to face trial and 
all that, but still, he was a 

2900
02:23:41,120 --> 02:23:42,920
well known person. 
They would have a lot of people 

2901
02:23:42,920 --> 02:23:45,960
would have recognized him. 
It may have been entirely what 

2902
02:23:46,000 --> 02:23:47,680
the person was aiming for. 
Like that's Faudrius. 

2903
02:23:47,680 --> 02:23:50,920
I'm getting him, you know. 
Cleonimus fell next. 

2904
02:23:51,520 --> 02:23:54,800
The Sacred band got him too. 
Father and son both went down. 

2905
02:23:55,080 --> 02:23:57,120
He was maybe more likely to be 
recognized because he was 

2906
02:23:57,120 --> 02:23:59,760
apparently so handsome. 
Surely many of the band fell 

2907
02:23:59,760 --> 02:24:02,040
too. 
Nameless, but not forgotten, 

2908
02:24:02,040 --> 02:24:06,560
certainly not by their lover if 
their lover survived and their 

2909
02:24:07,080 --> 02:24:09,640
to see their partner fall. 
What do you do when your partner

2910
02:24:09,640 --> 02:24:12,560
falls in battle? 
Well, in this society, you still

2911
02:24:12,560 --> 02:24:14,520
believe they're watching you. 
You still believe they're seeing

2912
02:24:14,520 --> 02:24:16,720
you from the afterlife. 
And there's the immediate 

2913
02:24:16,720 --> 02:24:18,720
emotional reaction. 
You might go into a frenzy. 

2914
02:24:19,200 --> 02:24:21,760
You might have No Fear for 
yourself, if you even had any to

2915
02:24:21,760 --> 02:24:23,440
begin with. 
I mean easier. 

2916
02:24:23,440 --> 02:24:26,360
They are the elite of the elite.
They may wish to join their 

2917
02:24:26,360 --> 02:24:28,680
partner in the afterlife with 
some brave deed. 

2918
02:24:29,280 --> 02:24:32,400
They may fight on coldly, who 
knows? 

2919
02:24:32,480 --> 02:24:34,800
We're all different. 
Humans react differently to 

2920
02:24:34,800 --> 02:24:38,080
seeing their beloved die. 
And and it's not just I mean, 

2921
02:24:38,080 --> 02:24:39,640
there's a lot else going on. 
A lot of people are dying, 

2922
02:24:39,640 --> 02:24:41,640
right? 
None of us know what it's like 

2923
02:24:41,640 --> 02:24:45,480
to be in a battlefield like 
this, if a battlefield at all, 

2924
02:24:45,640 --> 02:24:48,080
you know, so climb Brodis fell 
next. 

2925
02:24:48,440 --> 02:24:51,720
He took several hits and and 
fell didn't die, though. 

2926
02:24:52,240 --> 02:24:55,120
And that changed the dynamic of 
the battle bodies. 

2927
02:24:55,240 --> 02:24:58,640
Kings so important. 
The Spartan focus became less 

2928
02:24:58,640 --> 02:25:01,480
about winning and more about 
recovering their king. 

2929
02:25:02,120 --> 02:25:04,160
They couldn't all know whether 
he was alive or not. 

2930
02:25:04,160 --> 02:25:08,120
They just know he went down. 
Remember, people were officers 

2931
02:25:08,120 --> 02:25:10,120
have been put to death for 
failing to recover bodies, and 

2932
02:25:10,120 --> 02:25:12,560
this was a king and they 
succeeded. 

2933
02:25:12,640 --> 02:25:14,840
Some of the Knights were able to
pull him from the field. 

2934
02:25:15,160 --> 02:25:18,400
Risking a lot, most likely, 
probably took a lot of 

2935
02:25:18,400 --> 02:25:22,280
casualties in the process. 
Now, there's a tradition of 

2936
02:25:22,280 --> 02:25:25,520
setting up a trophy after a win.
We're not unfamiliar with it 

2937
02:25:25,520 --> 02:25:26,440
here. 
We've talked about it before, 

2938
02:25:26,440 --> 02:25:28,240
but I haven't gotten into some 
of the details of it. 

2939
02:25:28,240 --> 02:25:31,840
It's generally placed as close 
to the precise spot on the 

2940
02:25:31,840 --> 02:25:35,280
battlefield where the winners 
believe the battle turned, where

2941
02:25:35,280 --> 02:25:37,000
this was the moment at which we 
won. 

2942
02:25:37,840 --> 02:25:39,520
It's usually when the enemy 
starts running away. 

2943
02:25:40,880 --> 02:25:44,320
And that happened. 
The Spartans ran. 

2944
02:25:44,360 --> 02:25:47,000
They had never run before, 
right? 

2945
02:25:47,080 --> 02:25:50,880
They It was unbelievable, not in
a battle like this. 

2946
02:25:51,400 --> 02:25:55,440
They ran back to their camp. 
The surviving Spartan leaders 

2947
02:25:55,720 --> 02:25:57,800
knew this as they arrived in 
flight of the camp. 

2948
02:25:57,800 --> 02:26:00,040
They didn't think it was lost 
yet. 

2949
02:26:00,040 --> 02:26:01,680
They still thought they could 
win. 

2950
02:26:02,320 --> 02:26:06,000
They knew that the Turning Point
trophy wouldn't have gone up yet

2951
02:26:06,000 --> 02:26:07,880
and they thought they still had 
a chance to stop it. 

2952
02:26:07,880 --> 02:26:10,000
They was to them that would be 
everything. 

2953
02:26:10,000 --> 02:26:12,440
Like if they if they don't have 
time to put up the trophy, then 

2954
02:26:12,440 --> 02:26:13,640
they didn't really win, did 
they? 

2955
02:26:14,040 --> 02:26:16,600
It's not a not a victory unless 
you can put up a trophy. 

2956
02:26:16,600 --> 02:26:19,040
So hey, let's reform. 
Let's go back out there. 

2957
02:26:19,120 --> 02:26:22,080
Oh, our king just died. 
All the more reason to go out 

2958
02:26:22,080 --> 02:26:23,120
there. 
We got to avenge him. 

2959
02:26:23,480 --> 02:26:24,440
Yeah. 
He died right there. 

2960
02:26:26,200 --> 02:26:28,480
So let's do it. 
Let's go back. 

2961
02:26:28,600 --> 02:26:29,920
We've got enough men. 
We're Sparta. 

2962
02:26:29,920 --> 02:26:31,480
Let's reform. 
We know what they're going to 

2963
02:26:31,480 --> 02:26:32,800
do. 
We we can handle their tricks 

2964
02:26:32,800 --> 02:26:33,720
now. 
We'll be prepared. 

2965
02:26:33,840 --> 02:26:35,680
We didn't really lose that many 
men, did we? 

2966
02:26:36,640 --> 02:26:38,960
Yeah. 
But if Hammond's plan, it 

2967
02:26:38,960 --> 02:26:41,800
worked. 
The Allies, they looked about, 

2968
02:26:41,800 --> 02:26:44,000
the Spartan allies were like, we
didn't really take any 

2969
02:26:44,000 --> 02:26:46,600
casualties, but look at all the 
dead Spartans. 

2970
02:26:46,600 --> 02:26:49,720
Look at how the Thebans won. 
We didn't expect that to happen.

2971
02:26:50,000 --> 02:26:53,440
Not only did Thebes win, but 
Thebes killed a lot of Spartans.

2972
02:26:54,280 --> 02:26:57,280
You know what? 
Spartan leaders were going home.

2973
02:26:58,320 --> 02:26:59,200
What are you going to do about 
it? 

2974
02:26:59,200 --> 02:27:01,120
See ya. 
So that was it. 

2975
02:27:01,160 --> 02:27:04,120
The Spartan leaders wanted to 
fight again, but their allies 

2976
02:27:04,120 --> 02:27:05,800
deserted them. 
The plan worked. 

2977
02:27:05,840 --> 02:27:07,640
Epaminon just cut the head off 
the snake. 

2978
02:27:07,640 --> 02:27:09,400
With the help of the Sacred 
Band, with the help of that 

2979
02:27:09,400 --> 02:27:11,880
morale, with the help of the 
Thebans, it worked. 

2980
02:27:12,280 --> 02:27:16,720
Sparta had really, truly lost. 
There was no denying it now. 

2981
02:27:16,720 --> 02:27:19,800
There was no sugar coating it. 
It was unheard of, but it 

2982
02:27:19,800 --> 02:27:23,080
happened. 
The shockwave throughout Greece 

2983
02:27:23,560 --> 02:27:26,480
is going to be something, it's 
going to be really something, 

2984
02:27:27,160 --> 02:27:30,480
especially for Sparta and for 
thieves, but not just for them, 

2985
02:27:30,480 --> 02:27:33,320
for Athens, for Persia, for all 
the smaller city states. 

2986
02:27:33,520 --> 02:27:36,080
Holy crap, nothing like this has
ever happened. 

2987
02:27:36,080 --> 02:27:37,560
What a turning point, what a 
milestone. 

2988
02:27:37,560 --> 02:27:40,320
And that's where we'll pick it 
up next time with the aftermath,

2989
02:27:40,320 --> 02:27:42,080
because Oh my. 
And I what I mean, pick it up 

2990
02:27:42,080 --> 02:27:45,480
with the aftermath. 
I mean, the bodies on the field 

2991
02:27:45,480 --> 02:27:48,040
aren't even cold yet. 
We're going to pick it up from 

2992
02:27:48,040 --> 02:27:51,520
the collecting of the dead, 
which in itself is an amazing 

2993
02:27:51,520 --> 02:27:52,600
story. 
I can't want to tell. 

2994
02:27:52,600 --> 02:27:54,320
I can't wait to tell even that 
part of it to you all because 

2995
02:27:54,320 --> 02:27:56,760
it's so cool. 
Yet more cleverness from 

2996
02:27:56,800 --> 02:27:58,960
Epaminondas, even in the body 
collecting. 

2997
02:27:58,960 --> 02:27:59,960
Like how? 
Yep. 

2998
02:27:59,960 --> 02:28:01,600
But we're going to tell you and 
you're going to love it. 

2999
02:28:03,160 --> 02:28:05,280
Again, I said that Wikipedia 
isn't a great source for this 

3000
02:28:05,280 --> 02:28:07,920
stuff. 
It's useful for some things, but

3001
02:28:07,920 --> 02:28:10,600
I've mostly been using Diodorus 
and Xenophon in this book. 

3002
02:28:10,880 --> 02:28:14,000
The Sacred Band. 
That's that talks a lot about 

3003
02:28:14,000 --> 02:28:17,000
those basically academic 
scholars that have put a lot of 

3004
02:28:17,000 --> 02:28:20,880
this together, helping me save 
some time rather than going 

3005
02:28:20,880 --> 02:28:23,120
directly to the sources, but I 
do directly to the sources as 

3006
02:28:23,120 --> 02:28:24,880
well because I want to know what
they say. 

3007
02:28:25,720 --> 02:28:29,280
And on that subject, a reminder 
about thieves and Spartan 

3008
02:28:29,280 --> 02:28:30,520
Athens. 
I've mentioned this before, but 

3009
02:28:30,520 --> 02:28:33,160
you you can argue they're the 
most important here, but they're

3010
02:28:33,160 --> 02:28:35,480
not that's not the reason why 
they're the focus. 

3011
02:28:35,680 --> 02:28:37,760
They're the focus because 
they're the ones who wrote it 

3012
02:28:37,760 --> 02:28:40,280
all down, right. 
We don't have Illyrian history 

3013
02:28:40,280 --> 02:28:44,280
books, Macedonian history books 
from that many Cypriot Cyprus 

3014
02:28:44,320 --> 02:28:48,720
history books, Persian sources. 
Maybe we have some, but like I'm

3015
02:28:48,720 --> 02:28:52,120
part Iraqi, I'm not Iranian, 
Persian's Iranian, I don't speak

3016
02:28:52,120 --> 02:28:55,640
Arabic. 
Greek sources are trans. 

3017
02:28:55,640 --> 02:28:57,440
Like I got a shelf of Greek 
sources up here with 

3018
02:28:57,440 --> 02:28:59,640
translations. 
I don't have a single Persian 

3019
02:28:59,880 --> 02:29:02,440
translated into English source. 
It's just hard to find. 

3020
02:29:02,440 --> 02:29:03,360
Greek sources are just out 
there. 

3021
02:29:03,360 --> 02:29:06,160
That's what we have y'all. 
The stories we have are because 

3022
02:29:06,160 --> 02:29:08,680
people wrote it down back then 
and that stuff survived and is 

3023
02:29:08,680 --> 02:29:10,680
in English now. 
Let's be realistic here. 

3024
02:29:11,520 --> 02:29:15,080
But yeah, in terms of the story 
and the fun that's to come, the 

3025
02:29:15,080 --> 02:29:17,200
aftermath of Luchtra, it is 
really something. 

3026
02:29:17,200 --> 02:29:20,760
The game changes, Greece 
changes, Persia changes, but 

3027
02:29:20,760 --> 02:29:23,160
there's still a lot of other 
people that will react to this 

3028
02:29:23,160 --> 02:29:25,200
too, and their reactions will be
to the other Powerball. 

3029
02:29:25,200 --> 02:29:28,040
What's Jason going to do? 
What's King Amontas and Alcides 

3030
02:29:28,040 --> 02:29:31,160
going to do? 
What's our Deserxes going to do?

3031
02:29:31,160 --> 02:29:33,040
Right. 
One thing I'll tell you, one 

3032
02:29:33,040 --> 02:29:35,680
thing I'll tease is a lot of 
people are going to die next 

3033
02:29:35,680 --> 02:29:37,080
time. 
A lot of important characters 

3034
02:29:37,080 --> 02:29:38,120
are going to die. 
And of course they'll be 

3035
02:29:38,120 --> 02:29:39,960
replaced with other important 
characters because that always 

3036
02:29:39,960 --> 02:29:42,680
happens, right? 
But some famous players are 

3037
02:29:42,680 --> 02:29:44,600
going to exit the story, and 
some of them are going to do so 

3038
02:29:44,600 --> 02:29:48,240
in very entertaining ways, maybe
some tragic ways, but we're 

3039
02:29:48,240 --> 02:29:49,880
going to have fun with it no 
matter what. 

3040
02:29:49,880 --> 02:29:52,440
I'm excited for that. 
We'll be back in a few weeks 

3041
02:29:52,440 --> 02:29:54,880
with another one of these. 
And in the meantime, more song 

3042
02:29:54,880 --> 02:29:57,440
advice and fire content. 
If you were hoping for a Persian

3043
02:29:57,440 --> 02:30:00,560
court intrigue and drama to 
return, well, it absolutely will

3044
02:30:00,560 --> 02:30:04,520
come roaring back and it will 
absolutely impact that campaign 

3045
02:30:04,520 --> 02:30:07,720
to recapture Egypt. 
And I also promise more stories 

3046
02:30:07,720 --> 02:30:10,880
of artists and sculptors, 
musicians, attire at non 

3047
02:30:10,880 --> 02:30:12,680
political, non military figures.
Basically. 

3048
02:30:12,880 --> 02:30:14,640
Harder to sometimes find 
information on that. 

3049
02:30:14,640 --> 02:30:18,280
But I do try to include as much 
as I can stuff that I think is 

3050
02:30:18,280 --> 02:30:21,240
fun, interesting, entertaining, 
just cool trivia, things like 

3051
02:30:21,240 --> 02:30:23,000
that. 
We'll definitely be adding more 

3052
02:30:23,000 --> 02:30:24,440
of that. 
I'm enjoying adding that stuff 

3053
02:30:24,440 --> 02:30:26,160
like the Olympic stuff, and 
we'll continue to do so. 

3054
02:30:26,960 --> 02:30:30,080
Trivia answer. 
The question was, which geometry

3055
02:30:30,080 --> 02:30:32,800
minded philosopher did 
Epaminanis and his brother 

3056
02:30:32,800 --> 02:30:36,720
Cafesius follow the teachings of
Pythagoras, the Pythagorean 

3057
02:30:36,720 --> 02:30:37,360
theum? 
Right? 

3058
02:30:37,360 --> 02:30:39,040
That's the geometry minded part,
yeah. 

3059
02:30:39,280 --> 02:30:42,040
If you said Lysis, I'd accept 
that because Lysis was a student

3060
02:30:42,040 --> 02:30:45,640
of Pythagoras who Permanonis and
Kathesius directly studied with.

3061
02:30:45,640 --> 02:30:47,880
So if you said either of those, 
good job. 

3062
02:30:48,440 --> 02:30:52,240
As for poll results, which city,
state slash nation have you been

3063
02:30:52,240 --> 02:30:53,840
rooting for? 
Or do you call your favorite so 

3064
02:30:53,840 --> 02:30:55,840
far? 
Y'all, I'm disappointed. 

3065
02:30:56,040 --> 02:30:59,640
Thebes is last the the 
Epaminonis and Palopitus are 

3066
02:30:59,640 --> 02:31:00,760
Latin. 
Maybe they wouldn't be after 

3067
02:31:00,760 --> 02:31:02,520
this episode, but I asked you 
this question before it. 

3068
02:31:02,520 --> 02:31:04,400
But you guys have Athens first, 
which is cool. 

3069
02:31:04,400 --> 02:31:05,960
Athens, they're very 
entertaining. 

3070
02:31:06,280 --> 02:31:07,880
And you have Persia next. 
I get it. 

3071
02:31:07,880 --> 02:31:09,640
Persia's pretty entertaining 
there. 

3072
02:31:09,760 --> 02:31:12,120
If I said which do you think is 
the best, like which is the best

3073
02:31:12,120 --> 02:31:13,640
nation, I bet this order would 
be different. 

3074
02:31:13,960 --> 02:31:17,120
So I get the order. 
I get this order, but only 15% 

3075
02:31:17,120 --> 02:31:20,040
of you said Thebes. 
As far as 22% overall, it's a 

3076
02:31:20,040 --> 02:31:23,600
pretty even distribution though 
with Athens pretty much winning 

3077
02:31:23,600 --> 02:31:25,160
it there though. 
I get it, I get it. 

3078
02:31:25,240 --> 02:31:26,720
Go Athens. 
Athens is cool. 

3079
02:31:26,720 --> 02:31:29,640
They're the biggest, they get 
the most people, and we 

3080
02:31:29,640 --> 02:31:31,560
certainly have plenty more 
Athens coverage to come. 

3081
02:31:32,440 --> 02:31:34,240
That's it y'all. 
Thanks for hanging out. 

3082
02:31:34,240 --> 02:31:38,360
Thanks for being here today, 
thanks for in taking this in 

3083
02:31:38,360 --> 02:31:39,800
later. 
If you're not catching the live 

3084
02:31:39,800 --> 02:31:42,440
stream, which is most of you, 
we'll be back with more next 

3085
02:31:42,440 --> 02:31:44,400
time. 
Until then, you know what to do,

3086
02:31:44,400 --> 02:31:49,640
my friends. 
Valar Riritas Riritas.