1
00:00:48,300 --> 00:00:52,020
The young man of Thebes threw 
off the Spartan yoke, but much 

2
00:00:52,020 --> 00:00:54,780
of Greece was still under their 
hegemony, in part thanks to 

3
00:00:54,780 --> 00:00:59,200
Persia, and despite it being 
broken, the King's peace still 

4
00:00:59,200 --> 00:01:01,760
mattered. 
With Athens on the rise again 

5
00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:04,760
and Sparta still powerful 
despite this set back and a few 

6
00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:08,320
others, there is now a three-way
race for supremacy as Thebes 

7
00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:12,640
capitalized on their momentum. 
But to the north, new kingdoms 

8
00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:15,720
were forming and looking beyond 
their own borders to the Greek 

9
00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:18,960
mainland with hungry eyes and 
deeply held ambition. 

10
00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:21,680
These are states that used to be
very tribal, that were starting 

11
00:01:21,680 --> 00:01:25,200
to come together and become 
dangerous to more than just 

12
00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:27,120
their neighbors. 
Some of these kingdoms will 

13
00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:28,960
become allies of the three city 
states. 

14
00:01:28,960 --> 00:01:32,120
Some will become enemies. 
Some will be both at different 

15
00:01:32,120 --> 00:01:35,560
times in some form or fashion. 
As the ever shifting nature of 

16
00:01:35,560 --> 00:01:40,160
these exciting times continues, 
leaders of war, politics, art 

17
00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:42,040
and other forms of culture are 
bound as well. 

18
00:01:42,040 --> 00:01:45,520
Some are involved in all. 
Four of those are just one or 

19
00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:49,240
two, or what have you. 
Some are names we know well even

20
00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:53,000
today, and some claim descent 
from others we know well. 

21
00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:57,360
For example, today we've got a 
dynasty that claims descent from

22
00:01:57,360 --> 00:02:00,600
Achilles. 
And some have stories even more 

23
00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:02,080
interesting than the most 
famous. 

24
00:02:02,080 --> 00:02:06,000
They just aren't as well known, 
which is part of the value of 

25
00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,240
talking about this stuff. 
We have further doings and 

26
00:02:09,240 --> 00:02:12,440
adventures of Ajisalaus, 
Artaxerxes, Epaminondas, 

27
00:02:12,440 --> 00:02:15,600
Palopitas parasatus. 
That's our Sersi Cabrias, our 

28
00:02:15,600 --> 00:02:19,720
Jaime Lannister Tirabazas, and 
more players will enter the 

29
00:02:19,720 --> 00:02:22,160
picture, of course. 
That's how history works, right?

30
00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:23,600
There's always people coming and
going. 

31
00:02:23,920 --> 00:02:28,240
The Greek world is growing too, 
though in this period it was. 

32
00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:33,240
Well, besides it being the most 
important perhaps, and in my 

33
00:02:33,240 --> 00:02:35,440
opinion the most interesting 
period of ancient Greece, it's 

34
00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:38,080
certainly growing and gaining 
wealth and power and influence, 

35
00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:41,280
which makes it more of a player 
outside of its region. 

36
00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:44,600
That's part of why Persia got 
invested in the first place, in 

37
00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:47,720
conquering them. 
And that means more ambition. 

38
00:02:47,720 --> 00:02:50,360
There's more to take, more power
to hold. 

39
00:02:50,720 --> 00:02:54,160
The more powerful a country is, 
the more incentive ambitious 

40
00:02:54,160 --> 00:02:58,400
people have to seize that. 
So there's more intrigue that 

41
00:02:58,400 --> 00:03:02,000
follows, more at stake, more 
impact on us today and more 

42
00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:04,840
great comparisons to A Song of 
Ice and Fire as our journey 

43
00:03:04,840 --> 00:03:07,280
through one of my favorite 
periods in history continues. 

44
00:03:08,040 --> 00:03:10,920
All that and more on this 
episode of History of Westeros 

45
00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:17,400
podcast. 
Hello and welcome back 

46
00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:20,800
everybody. 
It's part three of our delving 

47
00:03:20,800 --> 00:03:23,360
into, I say ancient Greece. 
This is technically it's 

48
00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:26,080
classical Greece. 
Ancient Greece is like Trojan 

49
00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:28,400
War era. 
This is, you know, 800 years 

50
00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:30,640
after that. 
It's all blur, right? 

51
00:03:30,640 --> 00:03:32,560
Ancient Greece sounds cooler 
than classical Greece. 

52
00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:35,160
So you know, but you know, I 
want to get the terminology 

53
00:03:35,160 --> 00:03:38,040
right just so you know that I do
know the right terminology. 

54
00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:42,840
And so you know too, we're here 
almost every Saturday or Sunday,

55
00:03:42,840 --> 00:03:46,240
that is almost every Sunday for 
live streams on YouTube. 

56
00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:49,600
And during the TV season, those 
will be Monday at six. 

57
00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:52,520
That is our standard and that 
will continue into 2026. 

58
00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:56,880
If you prefer to catch us on 
podcast only platforms, you can 

59
00:03:56,880 --> 00:03:59,680
catch us on any of them. 
All podcast platforms have 

60
00:03:59,680 --> 00:04:02,960
history of Westeros, and if you 
listen on Patreon as a member, 

61
00:04:03,480 --> 00:04:07,240
it's ad free. 
This is actually Topics Moot 

62
00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:12,200
episode #16 from last year. 
But you know, it's part three of

63
00:04:12,200 --> 00:04:16,800
a topic that yeah, it was a lot 
bigger than I originally 

64
00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:18,959
intended, but that's fun. 
You know, we're going bigger 

65
00:04:18,959 --> 00:04:20,120
than with it, and that's a good 
thing. 

66
00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:21,519
You know, like get to go delve 
deeper. 

67
00:04:21,519 --> 00:04:25,200
Deeper dives are fun. 
Certainly we'd love to hear your

68
00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:27,920
feedback on this one. 
It's not something I know as 

69
00:04:27,920 --> 00:04:32,360
well as A Song of Ice and Fire 
and in with that in mind, the 

70
00:04:32,360 --> 00:04:34,120
parallels to A Song of Ice and 
Fire. 

71
00:04:34,720 --> 00:04:38,280
As I said last time, I believe 
here in 2025, still catching new

72
00:04:38,280 --> 00:04:42,600
parallels in A Song of Ice and 
Fire, let alone here in 

73
00:04:42,960 --> 00:04:46,840
classical slash ancient Greece. 
So I've probably missed some 

74
00:04:46,840 --> 00:04:48,280
parallels. 
Every once in a while I'm 

75
00:04:48,280 --> 00:04:50,560
writing here and I'm like, oh, a
new one strikes me like we got 

76
00:04:50,560 --> 00:04:52,760
hundreds of A Song of Ice and 
character, Ice and Fire 

77
00:04:52,760 --> 00:04:55,240
characters and even more real 
world people here. 

78
00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:59,200
So there's so many connections 
that could be made and well, I 

79
00:04:59,200 --> 00:05:02,280
can't have made them all by now.
So if you catch any or something

80
00:05:02,280 --> 00:05:05,240
occurs to you like that, 
absolutely, let us know and I'll

81
00:05:05,240 --> 00:05:07,920
throw out those mentions. 
And Speaking of that, I'll 

82
00:05:07,920 --> 00:05:10,720
mention some episodes that 
relate to this one at the end. 

83
00:05:11,280 --> 00:05:13,800
Here's our trivia question for 
the day, which will also have 

84
00:05:13,800 --> 00:05:16,680
the answer revealed at the end. 
It is who is said to be 

85
00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:20,280
responsible for creating the 
Sacred Band of Thebes, Sacred 

86
00:05:20,280 --> 00:05:22,240
Band of Thebes. 
We talked about them a lot last 

87
00:05:22,240 --> 00:05:24,240
time at the end of the episode, 
and they're certainly going to 

88
00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:27,000
feature for quite a while. 
They're historically important 

89
00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:29,440
from this era for several 
decades. 

90
00:05:30,360 --> 00:05:32,760
Poll question. 
Shea is putting that up here in 

91
00:05:32,800 --> 00:05:34,200
on YouTube. 
You'll be able to catch it at 

92
00:05:34,200 --> 00:05:36,680
the podcast platform if you 
listen on Spotify, I believe. 

93
00:05:36,680 --> 00:05:39,960
And the questions are, are you 
familiar with this era of Greek 

94
00:05:39,960 --> 00:05:42,520
history? 
The possible answers are yes, 

95
00:05:42,520 --> 00:05:45,520
very or somewhat or no. 
It's all Greek to me. 

96
00:05:45,640 --> 00:05:47,200
So let me know. 
Let us know. 

97
00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:50,200
I'm curious how much of this is 
new to you though. 

98
00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:52,560
This episode absolutely 
functions as a stand alone. 

99
00:05:52,680 --> 00:05:54,600
That's the thing about history. 
No matter what years you're 

100
00:05:54,600 --> 00:05:56,760
looking at, there's always 
something interesting that came 

101
00:05:56,760 --> 00:05:59,680
before, even if you go back all 
the way to when there is no 

102
00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:03,000
written history. 
Yeah, it just, it keeps going 

103
00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:05,160
back. 
There's archaeology and related 

104
00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:07,000
fields. 
Give us the stories there when 

105
00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:08,880
there's nothing written. 
So. 

106
00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:11,680
And that's a factor that I think
is underrated here is that 

107
00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:15,040
people that lived in the 4th 
century BC, whether in Greece or

108
00:06:15,040 --> 00:06:18,440
elsewhere, they're more 
connected to our prehistoric 

109
00:06:18,440 --> 00:06:21,760
ancestors than we are because, 
well, 2500 years earlier they 

110
00:06:21,760 --> 00:06:23,400
were. 
They live closer to those times.

111
00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:25,000
Their technical level of 
technology, level of 

112
00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:27,360
understanding of the world, 
level of what we would call 

113
00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:30,400
superstition, what they would 
call beliefs, right? 

114
00:06:30,400 --> 00:06:34,760
Those were closer to the beliefs
of people, far more ancient. 

115
00:06:35,480 --> 00:06:39,560
They had a closer connection to 
all that, right? 

116
00:06:40,120 --> 00:06:43,720
And their concept of where they 
came from, Greek mythology, 

117
00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:45,320
right? 
Well, it's a collection of some 

118
00:06:45,320 --> 00:06:47,400
of the most influential stories 
in the Western world, right? 

119
00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:49,280
To them, though, it's not story,
it's history. 

120
00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:52,560
There are people who genuinely 
believed in Zeus and Hera and 

121
00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:56,360
Athena and Aries and Aphrodite, 
and these are beings who 

122
00:06:56,360 --> 00:06:59,240
resemble the great figures of 
the age of heroes in Westeros, 

123
00:06:59,360 --> 00:07:02,040
right? 
Like the the Grey King and Garth

124
00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:04,600
Greenhand. 
These are very similar type 

125
00:07:04,600 --> 00:07:07,560
figures to the deities of Greek 
myth. 

126
00:07:08,240 --> 00:07:11,880
Interestingly too, they believed
in things like guest rite and 

127
00:07:11,880 --> 00:07:13,920
kinsling. 
Kinsling caused religious 

128
00:07:13,920 --> 00:07:17,240
pollution, right? 
That's, that's the idea. 

129
00:07:17,240 --> 00:07:19,920
In fact, murder can cause 
religious pollution. 

130
00:07:21,040 --> 00:07:22,840
Sparta had that pit they threw 
people into. 

131
00:07:22,840 --> 00:07:26,560
Athens had one too. 
It's just a Pitt's executions 

132
00:07:26,560 --> 00:07:31,040
were the thing in this era. 
In fact, the Athenian pit was 

133
00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:33,120
called the Barathron. 
So it's only one letter 

134
00:07:33,120 --> 00:07:37,200
different than Baratheon. 
And they believed in part 

135
00:07:37,200 --> 00:07:41,000
because killing somebody with a 
blade or anything like that, 

136
00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:42,120
that would cause religious 
pollution. 

137
00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:43,960
But if you throw them in a pit, 
well, it's the ground that 

138
00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:46,600
killed them, not you. 
So that was their way like 

139
00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:48,720
around that problem. 
Anyway. 

140
00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:51,560
It very fascinating these 
beliefs that they had and how 

141
00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:55,040
some of them are George uses 
them and doesn't necessarily 

142
00:07:55,040 --> 00:07:58,920
always understand himself where 
that original world, real world 

143
00:07:58,920 --> 00:08:00,520
influence came from. 
Usually he does. 

144
00:08:00,520 --> 00:08:03,200
I'm sure we're going to get into
this story for another 40 more 

145
00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:05,960
years roughly in terms of what 
we're setting out to do with 

146
00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:07,520
this series. 
Now that I've gotten a better 

147
00:08:07,520 --> 00:08:10,000
handle on it, we're aiming to 
get to the three 30s. 

148
00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:12,760
This is the three 70s we're in 
right now and it won't take 

149
00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:14,800
quite as long as that sounds 
like some of the years. 

150
00:08:15,280 --> 00:08:17,280
I mean, we only covered about 
three years last episode and 

151
00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:19,280
this year this episode will 
probably cover up the same. 

152
00:08:19,480 --> 00:08:22,160
But in future episodes we're 
going to have we're going to 

153
00:08:22,160 --> 00:08:25,200
cover 10 or 15 years because 
some of the years there's just 

154
00:08:25,200 --> 00:08:27,360
not much happens. 
These years quite a bit's 

155
00:08:27,360 --> 00:08:29,120
happening. 
So that's our plan. 

156
00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:31,840
We're going to keep taking this,
doing this about once every four

157
00:08:31,840 --> 00:08:35,720
to six weeks until it's done. 
And then sometime in 2026, we're

158
00:08:35,720 --> 00:08:40,799
going to pick it back up again 
as the time period shifts into 

159
00:08:40,799 --> 00:08:43,720
another very interesting phase 
that I also want to cover. 

160
00:08:43,720 --> 00:08:45,600
And it's featuring a lot of same
characters. 

161
00:08:45,880 --> 00:08:50,080
So we'll do that in 2026 anyway.
That era is really interesting 

162
00:08:50,080 --> 00:08:53,080
because it's a bigger version of
the Game of Thrones, much larger

163
00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:55,120
armies, much more powerful 
leaders. 

164
00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:59,360
The scale is much, much bigger 
than what we're dealing with 

165
00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:02,560
now, and it's fascinating to see
the process transition from one 

166
00:09:02,560 --> 00:09:05,080
to the other. 
When these things happen, 

167
00:09:05,200 --> 00:09:07,960
culture and trade and humanity 
in general prospers more. 

168
00:09:08,360 --> 00:09:12,200
These high Lords are playing 
their Game of Thrones an awful 

169
00:09:12,200 --> 00:09:14,800
lot in this era. 
The people deserve a break, 

170
00:09:14,920 --> 00:09:17,560
right? 
So when they stop, that's when 

171
00:09:17,800 --> 00:09:20,160
new versions of culture and 
trade and humanity, That's when 

172
00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:23,320
that stuff starts to bubble to 
the surface, when it's not 

173
00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:25,320
distracted or pushed back by 
war. 

174
00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:27,680
They lived in very interesting 
times. 

175
00:09:27,680 --> 00:09:29,080
These folks, they don't know 
that. 

176
00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:31,000
They know that they lived in 
such interesting times. 

177
00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:34,680
But what I mean by that, I gave 
a prior example of this when we 

178
00:09:34,840 --> 00:09:37,960
were talking about all the 
different people that Plutarch 

179
00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:41,520
featured in his parallel lives 
of Greeks and Romans. 

180
00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:43,960
Now we're not talking about the 
Romans, but the Greeks, 

181
00:09:44,520 --> 00:09:48,240
something like half of the 
Greeks that are that the 25 that

182
00:09:48,240 --> 00:09:51,920
he chose from all of Greek 
history, more than half of them 

183
00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:55,280
fall into the 75 to 100 year 
period that we're looking at 

184
00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:57,560
here. 
So that's just goes to show 100 

185
00:09:57,560 --> 00:10:01,760
years prior to this era, very 
interesting, less spoken of and 

186
00:10:01,760 --> 00:10:04,120
just a lot less influential 100 
years after the time we're 

187
00:10:04,120 --> 00:10:06,720
talking about similar. 
It's just not as interesting. 

188
00:10:06,720 --> 00:10:08,640
It's interesting. 
I'm there's pretty much always 

189
00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:10,680
something interested in history,
at least to me. 

190
00:10:11,240 --> 00:10:16,680
But yeah, just it's, it's 
amazing how more interesting the

191
00:10:16,680 --> 00:10:19,280
third and 4th centuries are than
the second and 1st, which are 

192
00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:21,960
just like, yeah, these are OK, 
but not worth getting into 

193
00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:24,320
really that much, mostly for 
academic purposes. 

194
00:10:24,400 --> 00:10:25,640
These are the times that stick 
with us. 

195
00:10:25,640 --> 00:10:28,560
These are the people that live 
that we still talk about 2500 

196
00:10:28,560 --> 00:10:30,400
years later. 
The names are still big. 

197
00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:33,640
So that is really cool to me. 
I think that if you, if you can,

198
00:10:33,640 --> 00:10:36,600
if you want to make your mark on
history and you're still being 

199
00:10:36,600 --> 00:10:41,040
spoken of 2500 years later in a 
small country, that's a that's 

200
00:10:41,040 --> 00:10:43,520
well, well done you, you 
accomplished your goal there by 

201
00:10:43,520 --> 00:10:46,680
getting into history. 
Here are our section headers for

202
00:10:46,680 --> 00:10:50,000
today. 
The Owl awakens, that's the year

203
00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:52,320
378. 
Then Athens joins Thebes, the 

204
00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:57,200
Boesian war, the year 377, the 
year 376, the power of the 

205
00:10:57,200 --> 00:10:58,880
north. 
We'll get a little more deep 

206
00:10:58,880 --> 00:11:01,680
into who the players are in the 
north and how that's playing out

207
00:11:01,680 --> 00:11:04,240
like what's going on there. 
And then we'll work our way 

208
00:11:04,240 --> 00:11:07,360
through the year 375, which I 
believe we will finish this 

209
00:11:07,360 --> 00:11:09,040
episode with. 
We're going to start with a 

210
00:11:09,040 --> 00:11:11,360
quote from Plutarch to get us 
started. 

211
00:11:11,360 --> 00:11:13,600
I just think this guy is just 
such a great writer. 

212
00:11:13,600 --> 00:11:16,240
Not only is he valuable because 
of his historical insight and 

213
00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:19,760
the fact that he's a source that
there aren't many sources of for

214
00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:22,240
this time period, just actually 
a great writer. 

215
00:11:22,840 --> 00:11:26,720
Fear is the bloodiest passion in
Prince's confidence. 

216
00:11:26,720 --> 00:11:28,760
On the other hand, being 
merciful, gentle, and 

217
00:11:28,760 --> 00:11:31,640
unsuspicious. 
So we see among wild beasts, the

218
00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:34,680
intractable and least tameable 
are the most timorous and most 

219
00:11:34,680 --> 00:11:37,560
easily startled. 
The nobler creatures whose 

220
00:11:37,560 --> 00:11:41,000
courage makes them trustful are 
ready to respond to the advances

221
00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:44,520
of men. 
Now this was said in relation to

222
00:11:44,560 --> 00:11:47,480
Artaxerxes, who was a fearful 
ruler. 

223
00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:50,880
He would just have nobles and 
people killed sometimes because 

224
00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:55,400
he was mad or paranoid. 
That's why he says fear is the 

225
00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:58,920
worst thing for a leader to have
because they exercise their 

226
00:11:58,920 --> 00:12:02,440
power with fear and that just as
bad for everybody, including 

227
00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:04,400
them. 
So you need you need confidence 

228
00:12:04,400 --> 00:12:07,120
in leadership, something that 
the ancient Greeks were very 

229
00:12:07,120 --> 00:12:11,080
aware of that maybe a lot of 
leaders of today fake confidence

230
00:12:11,080 --> 00:12:13,800
because they know how important 
it seems or are they? 

231
00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:15,880
Yeah, express confidence when 
they don't really feel it. 

232
00:12:16,640 --> 00:12:18,840
These are the nature of these 
are the things that ancient 

233
00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:21,200
Greeks really discussed a lot of
like the nature of leadership, 

234
00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:24,080
the nature of humanity, like 
where it all comes from. 

235
00:12:24,080 --> 00:12:27,560
And, and like I said, the 
comparisons to nature, because 

236
00:12:27,560 --> 00:12:29,040
they live closer to nature back 
then. 

237
00:12:29,040 --> 00:12:33,360
If they're going to look at the 
behavior of animals and 

238
00:12:33,400 --> 00:12:37,080
recognize that they as humans 
are not that different, you 

239
00:12:37,080 --> 00:12:39,000
know, they all, you know, 
they're different, certainly. 

240
00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:41,800
But there are things that we 
have in common with the animal 

241
00:12:41,800 --> 00:12:44,320
Kingdom. 
That's why this philosophers of 

242
00:12:44,320 --> 00:12:46,360
this time are so important, 
because these are the questions 

243
00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:48,440
they tackled. 
And some of their answers are 

244
00:12:48,440 --> 00:12:50,880
still valid. 
They haven't been expanded on 

245
00:12:50,880 --> 00:12:52,320
all that much. 
Some of them have been expanded 

246
00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:53,800
on a lot. 
Some of it's complete bunk. 

247
00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:58,360
But the fact that any of it is 
still relevant 2500 years later,

248
00:12:58,640 --> 00:13:03,720
Wow. 
The owl awakens. 

249
00:13:03,960 --> 00:13:07,280
Even when fighting is minimal to
nil, there's always intrigue, 

250
00:13:07,280 --> 00:13:08,880
right? 
The plotting never ends, even 

251
00:13:08,880 --> 00:13:10,720
we're not aware of it. 
There's always somebody plotting

252
00:13:10,720 --> 00:13:13,200
somewhere. 
There's always power to be had. 

253
00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:16,200
The world doesn't rest. 
There's just too many people. 

254
00:13:16,200 --> 00:13:19,640
There's always somebody aiming 
for something and trying to 

255
00:13:19,640 --> 00:13:21,360
gather other people all together
to do that. 

256
00:13:21,960 --> 00:13:25,800
So in the year 378, the year 
after Thebes got their city 

257
00:13:25,800 --> 00:13:28,800
back, just a Laos had men in 
Athens. 

258
00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:31,200
He had, you know, his spies, his
informers. 

259
00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:32,600
What happened? 
Some of them are diplomats, some

260
00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:34,880
of them are just there as 
ambassadors. 

261
00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:39,000
It's their job, right? 
And they were very concerned 

262
00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:41,520
with keeping Athens from joining
with thieves, right? 

263
00:13:41,520 --> 00:13:45,400
It's a three-way power struggle.
The last any of them wants is 2 

264
00:13:45,400 --> 00:13:47,960
against one to be the one in a 
two on one situation. 

265
00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:51,640
They either want to keep all 
three independent or they want 

266
00:13:51,640 --> 00:13:55,240
to be the two versus 1. 
So it just allows more of the 

267
00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:57,640
younger king at this time with 
Sparta's 2 kings was Cleam 

268
00:13:57,640 --> 00:14:00,160
Brodus. 
But it just allows and Cleam 

269
00:14:00,160 --> 00:14:01,760
Brodus were not working 
together. 

270
00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:03,640
They did not have the same goals
here. 

271
00:14:03,640 --> 00:14:05,320
Now it just allows obviously 
more powerful. 

272
00:14:05,880 --> 00:14:08,320
But Cleam Brodus was there. 
He was on the scene. 

273
00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:09,840
His army was the one on the 
March. 

274
00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:12,320
He was actually out in the field
where it just allows was 

275
00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:16,080
maneuvering and intriguing from 
Sparta. 

276
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:21,600
It just allows his goal. 
Wasn't that just to keep Athens 

277
00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:23,560
from joining Spark, joining 
thieves? 

278
00:14:23,560 --> 00:14:25,760
That was Liam Brodis's goal. 
Makes sense. 

279
00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:28,880
He's like, well, let's let's 
keep these two from being 

280
00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:30,880
allies. 
I just allow us remember, he 

281
00:14:30,880 --> 00:14:35,400
hates thieves so much. 
He wanted Athens not just to not

282
00:14:35,400 --> 00:14:38,600
be Thebes's friend. 
He wanted them to be hostile. 

283
00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:40,520
If he's like not you can't be 
neutral. 

284
00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:44,560
You have to be their enemy. 
So he's like you three, US two 

285
00:14:44,680 --> 00:14:48,720
should be their enemy. 
And as Athens is like, but why? 

286
00:14:48,880 --> 00:14:51,400
We don't hate them like you do. 
We don't have a personal issue 

287
00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:53,680
with them. 
In fact, they've done some good 

288
00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:55,960
things for us. 
And we were kind of helping them

289
00:14:55,960 --> 00:14:59,320
in return for the good service 
they did us when our city was 

290
00:14:59,640 --> 00:15:01,360
conquered by tyrants. 
They helped us then. 

291
00:15:01,720 --> 00:15:03,360
So we were just returning the 
favor. 

292
00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:06,800
But I just allow us very 
stubborn, very proud, and very 

293
00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:10,920
powerful. 
So he had three men there in 

294
00:15:10,920 --> 00:15:13,600
particular, these diplomats. 
One was named Tim Mcleese. 

295
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:18,280
He was of the Jerusia, which if 
you recall, those are the 28 

296
00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:22,240
elders that are one step below 
the five elders who are the 

297
00:15:22,240 --> 00:15:24,560
ephors who are a step below the 
2 kings. 

298
00:15:24,560 --> 00:15:30,760
Now it's almost like a proto 
parliamentary system where yes, 

299
00:15:30,760 --> 00:15:32,640
they have two kings. 
Part of the reason they have two

300
00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:34,560
kings is so that one king 
doesn't have too much power. 

301
00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:39,120
But that's also why they have 5 
ephors and 27 or 28 Jerusia is 

302
00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:41,040
to also balance out the power of
the monarchs. 

303
00:15:41,040 --> 00:15:43,200
So it's a very interesting 
system. 

304
00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:46,240
Now a temical ease was a friend 
of a just allows something we 

305
00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:49,280
can't forget. 
This is a very small, tight knit

306
00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:52,160
state. 
Even though it's a a city state 

307
00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:54,320
that has reached all throughout 
the Aegean, all throughout 

308
00:15:54,320 --> 00:15:57,880
Greece, it's still just kind of 
a handful of people are making 

309
00:15:57,880 --> 00:16:00,760
the calls here and these people 
are friends with each other. 

310
00:16:00,760 --> 00:16:05,000
So it's like an old boys network
of of power and connections 

311
00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:07,320
there. 
So they're all but of so of 

312
00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:09,640
course, the opposite happened 
for a very unexpected reason, 

313
00:16:09,640 --> 00:16:11,200
right. 
What it just allows wanted to 

314
00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:13,360
happen at Athens being 
aggressive towards thieves. 

315
00:16:13,760 --> 00:16:17,640
He got the opposite. 
Athens decided to become hostile

316
00:16:17,640 --> 00:16:20,800
to Sparta. 
But for yes, like I said 

317
00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:22,920
unexpected reasons but 
understandable. 

318
00:16:22,920 --> 00:16:26,560
Let's get to it. 
At this point the city of Thespi

319
00:16:26,760 --> 00:16:30,720
was pro Spartan and only 36 
miles from Thebes so that Thebes

320
00:16:30,720 --> 00:16:32,920
isn't cool with that. 
Like you got these Spartan 

321
00:16:32,920 --> 00:16:35,800
friends really close by. 
That's a problem. 

322
00:16:36,280 --> 00:16:40,680
They had a Garrison, a military 
governor was ruling it, a 

323
00:16:40,680 --> 00:16:43,280
Spartan military governor. 
If the SPI normally is not ruled

324
00:16:43,280 --> 00:16:45,680
from outside, they're ruled from
like any Greek city state. 

325
00:16:45,680 --> 00:16:48,520
They have their own leaders, but
in this case, Sparta's got them.

326
00:16:49,120 --> 00:16:53,640
They have a guy named Phodrias. 
He's the Harmos, the military 

327
00:16:53,640 --> 00:16:55,360
governor. 
So he's in charge of the SPI, 

328
00:16:56,040 --> 00:16:58,760
and he was one of Cleam Brodus, 
inner circle. 

329
00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:01,520
So he's really close to the 
younger king, the one who's 

330
00:17:01,520 --> 00:17:02,840
actually out in the field at 
this point. 

331
00:17:03,600 --> 00:17:10,440
Phodrias, for some reason, he 
decided to do a similar thing as

332
00:17:10,440 --> 00:17:13,640
the Cadmia to Athens. 
He's like, well, what if we make

333
00:17:13,640 --> 00:17:16,760
a little sneaky attack when 
they're not ready for it and we 

334
00:17:16,760 --> 00:17:18,960
seize? 
In this case, he wanted to seize

335
00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:20,839
the Piraeus, which is their 
port. 

336
00:17:21,240 --> 00:17:24,800
Hugely important, right? 
Because Athens is a maritime 

337
00:17:24,800 --> 00:17:27,160
city. 
Their naval power is their 

338
00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:28,760
power. 
I mean, sure, they have an army,

339
00:17:28,760 --> 00:17:31,000
but it's their naval power that 
really sets them apart from 

340
00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:33,720
everybody else. 
So taking their port would be 

341
00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:36,880
huge. 
So this is very similar to what 

342
00:17:37,680 --> 00:17:41,160
Foibados did and just with to 
the to Thebes. 

343
00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:43,720
And we also know, as we 
discussed at the time that 

344
00:17:43,720 --> 00:17:47,000
Foibados was probably working 
with Adis allows that's who 

345
00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:48,960
probably gave him the go ahead, 
gave him the order. 

346
00:17:49,360 --> 00:17:54,560
In this case, it probably wasn't
because remember what we just 

347
00:17:54,560 --> 00:17:57,640
said, Adis allows once Athens to
be hostile to Thebes. 

348
00:17:57,640 --> 00:18:00,600
So the worst thing you could do 
is attack Athens. 

349
00:18:00,640 --> 00:18:02,080
That's not going to make them 
hostile to Thebes. 

350
00:18:02,080 --> 00:18:04,320
That's going to make them 
hostile to you, right? 

351
00:18:04,320 --> 00:18:09,160
That's blatantly obvious. 
So why would Phodrius do this? 

352
00:18:09,160 --> 00:18:12,960
Why would he launch an attack in
March with his Garrison 

353
00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:16,920
attacking the Pyreus? 
I'll conceived plot by the way, 

354
00:18:16,920 --> 00:18:19,160
the one with Leontides and 
Foibadas. 

355
00:18:19,160 --> 00:18:22,360
That was well made. 
They pulled that off and it was 

356
00:18:22,960 --> 00:18:25,240
perfect. 
Not a single person was even 

357
00:18:25,240 --> 00:18:27,360
killed. 
They conquered the city without 

358
00:18:27,360 --> 00:18:28,880
a single death. 
That was amazing. 

359
00:18:29,320 --> 00:18:33,760
Not good, but well done. 
In this case, Sfodrius and his 

360
00:18:33,760 --> 00:18:36,680
men were marching towards the 
Piraeus and morning came. 

361
00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:40,080
It wasn't even like they didn't 
get there in time because it was

362
00:18:40,280 --> 00:18:42,720
poorly planned. 
They weren't going to they they 

363
00:18:42,720 --> 00:18:44,560
should have known that they 
weren't going to be able to make

364
00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:47,880
that in time before the dawn 
came. 

365
00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:49,840
So when the time morning comes, 
they're just standing there in 

366
00:18:49,840 --> 00:18:52,760
the open plains and people are 
like, there's like a Spartan 

367
00:18:52,760 --> 00:18:54,480
army right there. 
What are they doing? 

368
00:18:55,240 --> 00:18:57,280
They weren't anything. 
There wasn't anything they could

369
00:18:57,280 --> 00:18:58,560
accomplish. 
So they're just like OK, we 

370
00:18:58,560 --> 00:19:01,600
better turn around and go home 
The gig is up the jig is up The 

371
00:19:01,600 --> 00:19:04,640
gig and the jig they're both up.
They didn't want to go home 

372
00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:07,200
empty handed though, so they 
just started burning some farms,

373
00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:11,040
destroyed a few estates, what 
have you They got some spoils, 

374
00:19:11,040 --> 00:19:14,160
you know, a little bit of loot, 
certainly not enough to break 

375
00:19:14,160 --> 00:19:17,000
the King's peace though. 
It was not worth it to re break 

376
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:20,360
this this arrangement. 
Now, who did this, though, since

377
00:19:20,360 --> 00:19:23,840
it probably wasn't a just 
allowance because, well, he had 

378
00:19:23,840 --> 00:19:25,480
his three diplomat friends in 
Athens. 

379
00:19:25,480 --> 00:19:28,200
They were in big danger. 
All of a sudden, everybody in 

380
00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:30,080
Athens is mad at Sparta. 
And these three diplomats are 

381
00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:32,280
like, uh oh, everybody's mad at 
us. 

382
00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:35,520
So their argument was, hey, if 
we had known about this, why 

383
00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:38,560
would we still be here? 
Why wouldn't we leave? 

384
00:19:38,680 --> 00:19:40,680
Like, you guys are mad at us, 
and that's obvious, right? 

385
00:19:40,680 --> 00:19:42,560
We knew you'd be mad. 
We would have known you'd be mad

386
00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:44,120
at us for this. 
So why would we stay? 

387
00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:46,160
We would have fled the city if 
we knew this was going to 

388
00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:48,000
happen. 
And they're like, OK, that's 

389
00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:49,840
actually a good point. 
You would have fled. 

390
00:19:50,080 --> 00:19:51,920
OK, All right, well, we buy 
that. 

391
00:19:52,560 --> 00:19:56,320
And also guys, this guy's 
Phodris who did that, he's 

392
00:19:56,320 --> 00:19:58,680
clearly breaking the we're we're
going to have him executed. 

393
00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:01,440
Don't you worry about that. 
We're going to have him executed

394
00:20:01,440 --> 00:20:04,720
for sure, for sure. 
So Athens is like, all right, 

395
00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:06,920
these diplomats can go, we'll 
let them off. 

396
00:20:06,920 --> 00:20:11,360
Let's fine one theory that that 
happened here is that Palopitus 

397
00:20:11,480 --> 00:20:19,400
and Mellon sent some guys, some 
talkers to Phodrius and. 

398
00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:22,960
Primed his ego, talked him into 
thinking that this was a good 

399
00:20:22,960 --> 00:20:25,600
idea. 
The the idea being that these 

400
00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:28,400
were men who dressed as Spartan 
allies or pretended to be 

401
00:20:28,400 --> 00:20:31,040
Spartan allies, but they were 
actually agents of the Thebans. 

402
00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:34,520
Now this is just a theory. 
We don't actually know now, but 

403
00:20:34,520 --> 00:20:37,520
because Phodrus was in Cleam 
Brodis's inner circle, that 

404
00:20:37,520 --> 00:20:40,480
could be it, right? 
It could be Cleam Brodis's plan.

405
00:20:40,480 --> 00:20:42,720
It could be like Cleam Brodis is
trying to be like a just allow 

406
00:20:42,720 --> 00:20:44,880
us making these moves, but he's 
just not as good at it. 

407
00:20:45,520 --> 00:20:48,920
So we just don't know. 
And if you know, it's a pitiful 

408
00:20:48,920 --> 00:20:51,400
sneak attack, it just something 
is weird about the whole 

409
00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:53,720
situation. 
So Athens is like, all right, 

410
00:20:53,720 --> 00:20:56,080
fine. 
You, you give justice to 

411
00:20:56,120 --> 00:20:59,680
Phodrius. 
You can, you guys can go home. 

412
00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:04,280
So Phodrius was recalled to 
Sparta to face trial by the 

413
00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:07,960
Jerusia, right? 
He feared that he would be 

414
00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:10,400
executed. 
Reasonable, right? 

415
00:21:10,400 --> 00:21:13,760
That's what they said they'd do.
So he fled. 

416
00:21:13,760 --> 00:21:15,480
He didn't go back to Sparta. 
He ran off. 

417
00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:21,080
This created for the first and 
only time ever in Greek or Roman

418
00:21:21,080 --> 00:21:26,320
history, a person tried in 
absentia was acquitted. 

419
00:21:26,360 --> 00:21:30,560
Yeah, Sphodrius was acquitted, 
just like Foibidas. 

420
00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:31,840
They said, oh, yeah, we're going
to punch this guy. 

421
00:21:31,840 --> 00:21:36,400
And then they didn't. 
But it's really messy. 

422
00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:40,640
It isn't just, it isn't just 
Spartan authoritativeness or 

423
00:21:40,640 --> 00:21:44,680
just their hypocrisy. 
It's a little bit different than

424
00:21:44,680 --> 00:21:48,720
that. 
Sphodrius's son Clayonymus, 

425
00:21:48,960 --> 00:21:52,600
apparently a very, very handsome
young man and he was the lover 

426
00:21:52,600 --> 00:21:58,600
of Ajisalaus's son Archodimus. 
So you've got a, a royal tryst 

427
00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:01,640
going on here that's interfering
with justice being done. 

428
00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:07,080
So that's very likely why 
there's something happened here,

429
00:22:07,080 --> 00:22:11,120
or at least behind the scenes, 
the wrangling, the the 

430
00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:15,160
difficulty here. 
The oh, that's that's that's 

431
00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:17,040
dirty, isn't it? 
You know, you got people just 

432
00:22:17,200 --> 00:22:22,880
young men affairs and that's why
this justice was subverted. 

433
00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:30,080
Probably now just allows his 
excuse was Sodrius was a is a 

434
00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:31,800
full Spartan. 
He's a good soldier. 

435
00:22:32,560 --> 00:22:37,720
We shouldn't be punishing 
Spartans who try to do things 

436
00:22:37,720 --> 00:22:39,240
that are for the good of our 
country. 

437
00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:42,040
Again, he's just using this very
hypocritical argument. 

438
00:22:42,040 --> 00:22:44,120
Yeah, but you all agreed to the 
King's peace. 

439
00:22:44,520 --> 00:22:47,400
You can't just make this 
argument after you said yeah, no

440
00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:51,000
wars between any of us. 
So he's he's using weasel words,

441
00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:54,280
doing what he often does. 
He's being a hypocrite. 

442
00:22:54,360 --> 00:22:57,600
That's that's a disallow us. 
But he may have done it for 

443
00:22:57,600 --> 00:22:59,160
clean bronus. 
He may have done it to get a 

444
00:22:59,160 --> 00:23:00,960
favor out of clean. 
Look, I'm standing up for you. 

445
00:23:00,960 --> 00:23:03,280
You did this. 
I'm going to take some of the 

446
00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:04,720
heat for it. 
Even though I had nothing to do 

447
00:23:04,720 --> 00:23:07,280
with it, even though you you 
actually hurt my plans. 

448
00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:09,040
You almost got some of my 
friends killed. 

449
00:23:09,600 --> 00:23:11,080
I'm going to take this hit for 
you. 

450
00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:14,520
I'm going to put myself in the 
in the way of this and you're 

451
00:23:14,520 --> 00:23:17,360
going to owe me a favor. 
That is very believable. 

452
00:23:18,080 --> 00:23:21,760
Now Thespi was without their 
military governor because 

453
00:23:21,760 --> 00:23:24,160
Phodrius was recalled. 
So who did they send to replace 

454
00:23:24,160 --> 00:23:26,280
him? 
Foimidas. 

455
00:23:27,320 --> 00:23:31,720
The guy that took the cadmium 
reassigned to be the Garrison 

456
00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:36,520
commander 36 miles from Thebes. 
You can't tell me that was not 

457
00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:40,560
an intentional insult by 
probably by a disallows, but 

458
00:23:40,880 --> 00:23:43,800
maybe by the Sparta in general. 
They were like, this'll this'll 

459
00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:47,280
really stick it up their craw. 
This is going to insult the hell

460
00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:49,600
out of them. 
He, he, he that's what they did.

461
00:23:49,600 --> 00:23:52,920
They sent the most one of the 
most hated man in thieves or in 

462
00:23:53,080 --> 00:23:55,200
Yeah, in thieves. 
They sent to be a military 

463
00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:57,200
governor less than 40 miles 
away. 

464
00:23:57,760 --> 00:24:00,640
Yep. 
So, yeah, Athens had enough of 

465
00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:02,360
all this. 
They were like, you again, 

466
00:24:02,560 --> 00:24:04,880
didn't punish the guy that broke
the King's pieces. 

467
00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:07,800
This is twice now even he 
thought he was going to be 

468
00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:10,760
executed. 
He fled, and you acquitted him 

469
00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:12,320
in absentia. 
This is unheard. 

470
00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:15,320
It literally was unheard of. 
So they're like, all right, 

471
00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:17,760
that's enough. 
You gosh darn hypocrites. 

472
00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:22,480
They declared war on Sparta. 
They elect Timotheus as one of 

473
00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:25,200
the strategos. 
Remember, That's General, he was

474
00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:28,040
the son of that man Conan. 
That was a big part of the 

475
00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:32,120
earlier phase of the war. 
Chabrias was also sent out in 

476
00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:37,000
charge of 5000 mercenary troops 
and Iffiquities was not around 

477
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:40,000
though, because he had been sent
to Egypt to help Persia 

478
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:44,120
reconquer them. 
Afarna Bazas had the paymaster 

479
00:24:44,120 --> 00:24:45,800
had overall command and 
Iffiquities and him. 

480
00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:48,720
We're going to work together. 
However, this is going to take 

481
00:24:48,720 --> 00:24:51,000
so long to get going, we're not 
going to even talk about it 

482
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:52,760
today. 
Even though you would think that

483
00:24:53,320 --> 00:24:55,160
a few years would be enough to 
launch an expedition against 

484
00:24:55,160 --> 00:24:56,320
Egypt. 
It's going to take them like 5 

485
00:24:56,320 --> 00:24:58,000
years to get started. 
So that's not going to be a part

486
00:24:58,000 --> 00:24:59,960
of this episode. 
This whole time they're just 

487
00:24:59,960 --> 00:25:02,960
getting that ready now. 
Athens is also reforming their 

488
00:25:02,960 --> 00:25:06,160
league. 
The Athenian league was 

489
00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:09,480
basically an empire. 
It was like hey, you join us, 

490
00:25:09,480 --> 00:25:13,160
but then they just tell you what
to do and and make you give up 

491
00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:15,520
money and soldiers. 
This time they're like hey guys,

492
00:25:15,640 --> 00:25:18,880
it's not like that this time. 
Last time it was subjugation, 

493
00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:20,680
this time it's an alliance. 
We're just going to be friends. 

494
00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:24,000
I promise. 
They promised. 

495
00:25:24,280 --> 00:25:26,440
Yeah. 
We'll see about that, won't we? 

496
00:25:26,440 --> 00:25:29,240
What do you, how many of you 
actually out there think they're

497
00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:31,440
going to keep that promise? 
Well, we'll see. 

498
00:25:31,600 --> 00:25:34,600
I mean, he took the chance 
anyway because, well, even if 

499
00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:37,040
Athens is lying, Sparta's still 
worse in their eyes. 

500
00:25:37,520 --> 00:25:38,520
So. 
So, yeah. 

501
00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:39,720
Damned if you do, damned if you 
don't. 

502
00:25:40,360 --> 00:25:43,880
So to commemorate, they made a 
large Stella, like, you know, a 

503
00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:46,680
large stone carving thing 
affirming their alliance with 

504
00:25:46,680 --> 00:25:48,680
Persia and their enmity with 
Sparta. 

505
00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:52,800
So this made it part propaganda 
in a sense like yes, we're 

506
00:25:53,680 --> 00:25:55,760
alliance with Persia. 
I mean that's not something they

507
00:25:55,760 --> 00:25:59,920
want to really flaunt, right. 
I mean Persia's not popular meat

508
00:25:59,920 --> 00:26:03,640
ISM right, That's a that's a 
cultural No, no, so Sparta's 

509
00:26:03,640 --> 00:26:04,880
like all right, we're going to 
war. 

510
00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:06,640
Fine, We'll we'll fight you. 
Athens. 

511
00:26:06,640 --> 00:26:08,040
We don't back down. 
That's their attitude. 

512
00:26:08,040 --> 00:26:11,000
They never back down. 
They call their allies, which 

513
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:14,400
were lots of them. 
Just allow us went back into the

514
00:26:14,400 --> 00:26:16,120
field. 
He's he's an old man, but he's 

515
00:26:16,120 --> 00:26:18,120
still marching around. 
He's still leading troops, 

516
00:26:18,440 --> 00:26:21,480
18,000 men. 
Now Cabrias was sent out with 

517
00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:25,080
those men, those mercenaries and
a few citizen soldiers to block 

518
00:26:25,080 --> 00:26:27,920
the mountain passes into Attica.
So that way they knew the 

519
00:26:27,920 --> 00:26:29,720
Spartans would be on the March. 
But if they could defend the 

520
00:26:29,720 --> 00:26:32,800
mountain passes, then Sparta 
wouldn't be able to do anything 

521
00:26:32,800 --> 00:26:36,520
to them. 
And so I just Laos was like, 

522
00:26:36,560 --> 00:26:40,480
Yep, I see you guys guarding the
passes, but I don't care. 

523
00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:42,160
That's not where we're going. 
We're going to Thebes. 

524
00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:45,440
So they marched past Cabrias, 
marched path Athens towards 

525
00:26:45,440 --> 00:26:47,520
thieves. 
That's who he wanted his his 

526
00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:50,400
enemies, the one his his hated. 
Remember all the things they've 

527
00:26:50,400 --> 00:26:52,600
done to him, at least from his 
perspective. 

528
00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:54,800
They ruined his expedition to 
Persia. 

529
00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:57,280
They ruined his sacrifice to be 
like Agamemnon. 

530
00:26:57,800 --> 00:27:00,640
All these things that's not even
nearly a full list, but he hates

531
00:27:00,640 --> 00:27:04,520
them. 
The Boesian War. 

532
00:27:04,680 --> 00:27:09,120
So this is basically the phase 
of the three 70s that's 

533
00:27:09,120 --> 00:27:13,560
considered the war between 
Sparta and thieves at this time.

534
00:27:13,560 --> 00:27:16,760
It's kind of a funky way to 
think about it because they're 

535
00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:19,520
kind of almost always at war. 
And even when they're not at 

536
00:27:19,520 --> 00:27:22,520
war, they're they're kind of 
still at war anyway. 

537
00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:25,320
Plutarch, again we're going to 
quote him, points out something 

538
00:27:25,320 --> 00:27:29,200
about Greek warfare in this era 
that is the the reverse of 

539
00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:34,000
Westeros quote. 
Homer always brings his boldest 

540
00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:38,520
and most valiant heroes into 
battle, well armed and equipped,

541
00:27:38,960 --> 00:27:44,080
and the Greek law givers punish 
him who casts away his shield, 

542
00:27:44,360 --> 00:27:48,200
not him who throws down his 
sword or spear. 

543
00:27:48,760 --> 00:27:53,160
Thus teaching that his own 
defense from harm, rather than 

544
00:27:53,160 --> 00:27:58,240
the infliction of harm upon the 
enemy, should be every man's 

545
00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:03,760
first care, and particularly if 
he governs a city or commands an

546
00:28:03,760 --> 00:28:06,720
army. 
Yeah, I mean, I prefer that. 

547
00:28:06,720 --> 00:28:09,000
Like this is basically saying 
that, yeah, you're, you're a 

548
00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:12,240
soldier, you're in the military,
but your life is the most 

549
00:28:12,240 --> 00:28:15,360
important thing here, right? 
It's it's, it's the value of a 

550
00:28:15,360 --> 00:28:19,120
military that values the weapon 
versus that values the the 

551
00:28:19,120 --> 00:28:21,040
defense, right? 
The thing that keeps you alive. 

552
00:28:21,040 --> 00:28:25,400
So that's why the shield was 
esteemed over the spear or the 

553
00:28:25,400 --> 00:28:28,680
sword, because the shield 
represents defense, represents 

554
00:28:28,680 --> 00:28:31,960
the life of the citizen, which 
is important later. 

555
00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:36,840
Militaries don't care as much 
about their soldiers, their 

556
00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:38,640
citizens. 
And a lot of militaries don't 

557
00:28:38,640 --> 00:28:40,840
even use citizens as soldiers 
and they care about it even 

558
00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:43,440
less. 
So that's an interesting 

559
00:28:43,440 --> 00:28:46,480
cultural value here that they 
believe that, yeah, if you throw

560
00:28:46,480 --> 00:28:49,040
your shield and if you show your
sword and spear down, like 

561
00:28:49,040 --> 00:28:53,680
that's that's the problem in 
Westeros, They don't care if you

562
00:28:53,680 --> 00:28:55,280
throw your shield down like 
you've already. 

563
00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:57,160
If you're throwing your weapon 
down, you've already thrown your

564
00:28:57,160 --> 00:28:58,160
shield down. 
That's kind of how they see it. 

565
00:28:58,160 --> 00:29:01,600
But here it's the opposite. 
It's like, no, if you throw your

566
00:29:01,600 --> 00:29:04,360
spear down or you throw your 
sword down, we don't really 

567
00:29:04,360 --> 00:29:06,760
care. 
It's your shield that's the one 

568
00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:08,800
that matters. 
Your life as a citizen of our 

569
00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:11,360
city state is important, and 
that's partly because there's 

570
00:29:11,360 --> 00:29:13,800
fewer of them. 
These cities aren't huge, not by

571
00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:16,120
modern standards anyway. 
Well, Athens maybe kind of was, 

572
00:29:16,640 --> 00:29:22,720
but the individual soldier has 
more importance to the city when

573
00:29:22,720 --> 00:29:24,600
there's just a much smaller 
population. 

574
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:26,920
The ratios are different. 
By the way, isn't this the 

575
00:29:26,920 --> 00:29:29,360
coolest mug? 
This is my my friend Jessica 

576
00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:31,400
gave me this. 
It's a it's a climber's mugs. 

577
00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:33,280
You can only hold it by pinching
the side here. 

578
00:29:34,960 --> 00:29:36,600
Oh, actually backing up a little
bit. 

579
00:29:36,760 --> 00:29:39,680
One last comment about this. 
What is one of the most noble 

580
00:29:39,680 --> 00:29:42,240
ways to die in Westeros in 
service of your Lord? 

581
00:29:42,240 --> 00:29:44,480
Dying in service of your 
fighting for what? 

582
00:29:44,480 --> 00:29:47,480
You believe in this? 
It's a the sentiments different.

583
00:29:47,480 --> 00:29:48,560
Yeah. 
They want you to fight for your 

584
00:29:48,560 --> 00:29:50,920
city. 
They want you to to stand up and

585
00:29:50,920 --> 00:29:54,840
be brave and not back down and 
not let people walk over you, 

586
00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:57,120
but you still have to protect 
you. 

587
00:29:57,120 --> 00:29:59,840
They don't want people who are 
just like out there like 

588
00:29:59,840 --> 00:30:04,920
berserker mode. 
We want a careful and thoughtful

589
00:30:04,920 --> 00:30:07,760
soldier, you know, fight but 
don't throw your life away. 

590
00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:12,840
Interesting bit of the view of 
humanity on the ancient world. 

591
00:30:12,840 --> 00:30:15,480
That maybe isn't always what we 
expect, given how prominent 

592
00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:18,000
slavery and and murder and other
things were. 

593
00:30:18,640 --> 00:30:23,520
The rare moment of human decency
there amidst war right. 

594
00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:28,160
So in 378 it just allow us his 
his invasion proceeds. 

595
00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:30,760
Like I said he took his army 
past Athens headed straight for 

596
00:30:30,760 --> 00:30:34,280
Thebes. 
Boisha the command of Thebes was

597
00:30:34,280 --> 00:30:37,880
held by Gorgadas, the guy who 
founded the Sacred Band or 

598
00:30:37,880 --> 00:30:39,920
perhaps refounded it. 
We're not there may have been a 

599
00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:43,480
different name 300 group before 
them that they were sort of 

600
00:30:43,480 --> 00:30:44,520
reforming. 
It's not clear. 

601
00:30:44,520 --> 00:30:48,600
Anyway, he ordered large 
defensive fortifications built 

602
00:30:49,240 --> 00:30:51,920
not around the city because 
they've already got their walls.

603
00:30:51,960 --> 00:30:55,440
I mean, around the countryside 
they built huge trenches and 

604
00:30:55,440 --> 00:30:59,120
Palisades stretching from 
Thespia to Nagara. 

605
00:30:59,240 --> 00:31:04,560
So like like maybe two dozen or 
more miles of trenches and 

606
00:31:04,560 --> 00:31:05,960
Palisades. 
That's a huge amount of 

607
00:31:05,960 --> 00:31:07,520
fortifications, right? 
So that must have taken quite a 

608
00:31:07,520 --> 00:31:10,560
lot of work. 
So in in the spring of 378, it 

609
00:31:10,560 --> 00:31:14,000
just allows gets there and he's 
like, oh, all right, I see you 

610
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:16,960
guys are prepared. 
So he started looking for 

611
00:31:16,960 --> 00:31:19,040
weaknesses. 
He said he sent men maybe kind 

612
00:31:19,040 --> 00:31:21,480
of like Tywin Lannister at the 
Red Fork when Ed Muir was 

613
00:31:21,480 --> 00:31:22,480
defending. 
And he's like, all right, I'm 

614
00:31:22,480 --> 00:31:24,920
going to see if I can find any 
spots where this isn't well 

615
00:31:24,920 --> 00:31:26,840
defended. 
And then if we can find a a 

616
00:31:26,840 --> 00:31:28,600
pressure point like that, we'll 
hit it really hard. 

617
00:31:29,120 --> 00:31:33,480
He couldn't find one that it was
pretty evenly distributed and 

618
00:31:33,480 --> 00:31:36,360
well made. 
But he did find a different 

619
00:31:36,360 --> 00:31:39,880
mistake. 
It wasn't the fortifications 

620
00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:42,840
themselves that were flawed. 
It was the patrols, he realized 

621
00:31:42,920 --> 00:31:46,720
that just allow us did that the 
Thebans were not mixing up the 

622
00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:49,160
time of their patrols. 
Their patrols would pass at the 

623
00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:52,880
same time each day. 
So he was able to, you know, 

624
00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:55,720
kind of use a rhythm to say, OK,
they just this this patrol just 

625
00:31:55,720 --> 00:31:57,120
passed. 
There won't be another one for 

626
00:31:57,120 --> 00:32:01,400
an hour and a half attack. 
So they basically got over the 

627
00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:03,400
border without having to fight 
anybody. 

628
00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:05,840
They just, you know, waited for 
the guards to be gone and then 

629
00:32:05,840 --> 00:32:10,800
moved up quickly, filled the 
barrier, crossed it and moved 

630
00:32:10,800 --> 00:32:13,120
on. 
They got to about 3 1/2 

631
00:32:13,120 --> 00:32:18,200
kilometers from Thebes where the
Athenian and Theban army was 

632
00:32:18,200 --> 00:32:21,720
waiting. 
Cabrios, after seeing the the 

633
00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:25,240
Spartan army pass by, took a 
different mountain pass to get 

634
00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:26,640
the Thebes. 
So he was still there. 

635
00:32:26,640 --> 00:32:30,080
He was combining with Thebes. 
So there's the Theben Athenian 

636
00:32:30,080 --> 00:32:35,360
army now is is combined. 
So he's like, all right, we're 

637
00:32:35,360 --> 00:32:36,760
Sparta. 
We're not afraid. 

638
00:32:37,440 --> 00:32:39,960
This is again the 1st action by 
the Sacred Band. 

639
00:32:39,960 --> 00:32:42,240
Gorgadas had them spread 
throughout. 

640
00:32:42,520 --> 00:32:45,400
So we kind of like stiffen the 
ranks all around. 

641
00:32:46,160 --> 00:32:48,240
Now. 
He marched forward did it just 

642
00:32:48,240 --> 00:32:54,680
allows did while some of 
Gorgadas and Cabrice's men threw

643
00:32:54,680 --> 00:32:59,360
javelins and slings at them. 
And as it just allows advanced, 

644
00:32:59,360 --> 00:33:02,160
those men ran back up the hill 
to take cover and it just allow 

645
00:33:02,160 --> 00:33:03,640
us to position this man at the 
bottom of the hill. 

646
00:33:04,120 --> 00:33:07,840
OK, so even if you don't know 
much about military stuff, you 

647
00:33:08,080 --> 00:33:09,880
it's pretty count. 
It's pretty intuitive that 

648
00:33:09,880 --> 00:33:11,880
marching up a hill to attack 
people who are at the top of 

649
00:33:11,880 --> 00:33:14,440
hill is dangerous. 
The people at the top of the 

650
00:33:14,440 --> 00:33:16,520
hill have the advantage on the 
people coming up at them, right?

651
00:33:16,520 --> 00:33:17,800
That seems pretty 
straightforward. 

652
00:33:18,400 --> 00:33:20,760
So marching up the hill would 
put his phalanx at a 

653
00:33:20,760 --> 00:33:24,680
disadvantage. 
But this is the guy that took 

654
00:33:24,680 --> 00:33:28,000
Thebes head on when he didn't 
have to, just to get some extra 

655
00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:30,480
casualties. 
And he also has a very strong 

656
00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:33,000
belief in the supremacy of his 
army. 

657
00:33:33,440 --> 00:33:35,680
So what does he do? 
He's he's shown a willingness to

658
00:33:35,680 --> 00:33:38,800
take casualties. 
This is his most hated foe. 

659
00:33:39,200 --> 00:33:41,520
So there was the military 
equivalent of an awkward pause 

660
00:33:41,520 --> 00:33:43,640
where they just kind of sit 
there and stare at each other 

661
00:33:43,640 --> 00:33:45,360
for a minute. 
And then it just allows. 

662
00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:48,600
Does it? 
He orders his men forward up the

663
00:33:48,600 --> 00:33:51,120
hill. 
The Spartans themselves might 

664
00:33:51,120 --> 00:33:52,800
have been a little surprised at 
the command. 

665
00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:54,280
And I wonder what went through 
their minds. 

666
00:33:54,280 --> 00:33:57,800
Like, really? 
But they're obeying. 

667
00:33:57,800 --> 00:34:00,160
They're not hesitating. 
These are Spartans. 

668
00:34:00,160 --> 00:34:04,560
They are very, very inured and 
used to following commands. 

669
00:34:04,560 --> 00:34:07,320
It's drilled into them from a 
young age. 

670
00:34:07,920 --> 00:34:09,960
So they did it no hesitation. 
They may have had some second 

671
00:34:09,960 --> 00:34:12,199
thoughts, but their feet didn't.
They marched. 

672
00:34:13,080 --> 00:34:17,360
So many of the allies as well, 
who are Spartan allies are like,

673
00:34:17,360 --> 00:34:21,679
oh, well, that's interesting. 
It just allows his takings up 

674
00:34:21,679 --> 00:34:23,360
the sill. 
Well, he knows what he's doing 

675
00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:25,560
now. 
On the other side, the Thebens 

676
00:34:25,560 --> 00:34:29,719
and the Athenians are like, oh, 
fear excitement, like I don't 

677
00:34:29,719 --> 00:34:32,600
want to fight Sparta. 
They're unbeatable. 

678
00:34:32,600 --> 00:34:36,239
No one has beaten a Spartan army
on land in hundreds of years, 

679
00:34:36,239 --> 00:34:39,120
literally, right. 
It was pretty much unheard of. 

680
00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:41,040
So that's like they're all 
that's that's in the back of 

681
00:34:41,040 --> 00:34:42,920
their heads. 
Like even though we but but on 

682
00:34:42,920 --> 00:34:45,040
the other hand, they're like, 
wait, we have a high ground. 

683
00:34:45,280 --> 00:34:48,400
Maybe we can actually win. 
Maybe this is our maybe this is 

684
00:34:48,400 --> 00:34:51,239
the edge we need to overcome 
their advantage. 

685
00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:53,679
But let's not forget who was in 
charge here. 

686
00:34:53,679 --> 00:34:56,480
Yes, Gorgodos and Cabrias. 
And what have we said about 

687
00:34:56,480 --> 00:34:59,280
Cabrias? 
What has has been his modus 

688
00:34:59,280 --> 00:35:03,160
operandi that we've seen? 
This is why I named him like a 

689
00:35:03,160 --> 00:35:06,000
Jaime Lannister, because he's 
extremely confident, maybe to 

690
00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:08,120
the point of cockiness. 
We could even call him Cabrius 

691
00:35:08,120 --> 00:35:10,520
the confident. 
And this is a young man too. 

692
00:35:10,520 --> 00:35:13,880
So he has that little bit of 
that youthful cockiness and it 

693
00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:16,760
just allows who's not young. 
He's in his 60s at this point, 

694
00:35:16,760 --> 00:35:21,760
if I remember correctly. 
So when he sees the Spartan army

695
00:35:21,760 --> 00:35:25,560
coming at them, rather than 
getting excited or scared or 

696
00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:29,080
some combination of the two, he 
knows exactly what's going on. 

697
00:35:29,080 --> 00:35:32,120
He thinks it's a bluff. 
He's like, Nah, it just allows. 

698
00:35:32,200 --> 00:35:33,280
He's just trying to intimidate 
it. 

699
00:35:33,280 --> 00:35:36,840
He's trying to put the fear of 
his men into ours. 

700
00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:39,440
He's going to not March up the 
hill. 

701
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:42,520
He just wants our men to feel 
scared for a second and then to 

702
00:35:42,520 --> 00:35:44,360
have them remember that. 
Be like, see, you guys are 

703
00:35:44,360 --> 00:35:46,400
afraid of us. 
He wanted to put that in them 

704
00:35:46,520 --> 00:35:48,400
and and hurt their morale for 
later. 

705
00:35:49,240 --> 00:35:53,120
But Cabrias had the exact answer
to counter this move. 

706
00:35:53,840 --> 00:35:59,000
He gave the equivalent order 
that in modern times would be 

707
00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:03,360
called at ease. 
So get this, get this straight. 

708
00:36:03,360 --> 00:36:05,480
It just allows his orders, his 
men to start marching up the 

709
00:36:05,480 --> 00:36:08,680
hill to attack. 
And Cabrias, his response is at 

710
00:36:08,680 --> 00:36:10,840
ease. 
Men, take a breather. 

711
00:36:12,000 --> 00:36:16,440
The most dangerous, unbeatable 
army for centuries is coming 

712
00:36:16,440 --> 00:36:18,880
right at you. 
And he's like, chill, guys, no 

713
00:36:18,880 --> 00:36:22,960
problem. 
And gorge, gorge at us. 

714
00:36:22,960 --> 00:36:25,680
The Theben leaders like, oh, all
right, that's what we're doing. 

715
00:36:25,760 --> 00:36:28,960
All right, at ease. 
Maybe he perceived, maybe he 

716
00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:31,360
understood in that moment what 
Cabrias was doing. 

717
00:36:32,120 --> 00:36:34,880
It was a gesture of contempt. 
It was like, yeah, you guys 

718
00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:36,720
aren't doing this. 
I see through your plan. 

719
00:36:36,720 --> 00:36:39,480
You're not doing this. 
It also demonstrated their 

720
00:36:39,480 --> 00:36:43,080
discipline. 
One single command, everyone 

721
00:36:43,080 --> 00:36:44,880
goes at ease. 
Just one. 

722
00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:47,000
That's that shows discipline 
like that shows how well 

723
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:50,800
organized they are, which Sparta
usually believes they have the 

724
00:36:50,800 --> 00:36:53,080
advantage on discipline and 
organization like that. 

725
00:36:53,080 --> 00:36:55,440
So seeing that, oh actually 
these guys have it together. 

726
00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:58,720
So he sent a message. 
So a just Laos was just trying 

727
00:36:58,720 --> 00:37:01,200
to scare them to remind them 
that they dare not fit. 

728
00:37:01,200 --> 00:37:02,800
It's a bully move. 
He was trying to make you 

729
00:37:02,800 --> 00:37:05,000
flinch, like made you flinch, 
made you flinch like hold his 

730
00:37:05,000 --> 00:37:07,080
first out like that made you see
you're scared. 

731
00:37:07,560 --> 00:37:10,840
It gives morale to his men to 
show how afraid the enemy are 

732
00:37:10,840 --> 00:37:13,960
and puts fear into the in the 
eyes of or in the minds of his 

733
00:37:13,960 --> 00:37:17,000
enemy. 
Clever move, but Cabrias saw 

734
00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:20,960
right through it and turned it 
around on him so he didn't get 

735
00:37:20,960 --> 00:37:25,200
the message across after all. 
Cabrias flipped it, instead of 

736
00:37:25,360 --> 00:37:29,000
the men being scared they became
incredibly confident. 

737
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:33,560
They're like boom our leader 
just way outplayed that Spartan 

738
00:37:33,560 --> 00:37:36,720
and that guy is 3 times older 
and one of the most fear he 

739
00:37:36,720 --> 00:37:37,960
might be. 
It just allows is probably 

740
00:37:37,960 --> 00:37:39,840
considered the most powerful man
in Greece at this point and 

741
00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:43,200
Capri has just owned him. 
That's a great move. 

742
00:37:43,840 --> 00:37:46,600
So Sparta. 
He knew he could perceive that 

743
00:37:46,600 --> 00:37:49,320
this was using fear as a weapon,
not actually trying to start a 

744
00:37:49,320 --> 00:37:51,720
battle. 
So word spread about this 

745
00:37:51,720 --> 00:37:53,680
tactic. 
It became a big deal. 

746
00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:57,000
He would have had huge Internet 
fame if there had been an 

747
00:37:57,000 --> 00:37:58,120
Internet. 
It would it would have been 

748
00:37:58,120 --> 00:38:02,800
memes about him, right? 
They put a statue up of him and 

749
00:38:02,800 --> 00:38:06,000
he asked for that rest pose to 
be the statue. 

750
00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:08,280
Like them resting their Shields 
on their knees and just like 

751
00:38:08,280 --> 00:38:10,760
taking a knee. 
Like, like you see that in like 

752
00:38:11,080 --> 00:38:12,640
football. 
Take a knee, everybody. 

753
00:38:12,640 --> 00:38:14,760
And listen, you know, it's very 
much like that. 

754
00:38:14,840 --> 00:38:18,760
And I bring up football 
intentionally because from then 

755
00:38:18,760 --> 00:38:24,720
on, athletes at the Olympics 
would adopt that pose and be 

756
00:38:24,720 --> 00:38:26,680
like, I'm the winner. 
They're like, this is just to 

757
00:38:26,680 --> 00:38:28,760
show their confidence, to show 
how is in control. 

758
00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:31,320
They are they they adopt 
Cabrias's move there. 

759
00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:33,360
It's just like, like I said, it 
became a cultural meme. 

760
00:38:33,360 --> 00:38:36,720
People just did it to remember 
that and honor it. 

761
00:38:36,720 --> 00:38:39,280
And yeah, public speakers would 
do it sometimes too. 

762
00:38:39,760 --> 00:38:41,600
They would like it would be just
show that they were done. 

763
00:38:41,600 --> 00:38:44,200
It'd be like, hey, you know, 
like it pause for applause. 

764
00:38:44,200 --> 00:38:46,600
Like you take the knee. 
And they'd be like, oh, yeah, 

765
00:38:46,840 --> 00:38:50,560
yeah, it brings them on. 
Is this the right way to fire up

766
00:38:50,560 --> 00:38:53,200
the crowd? 
So just allows really, that 

767
00:38:53,200 --> 00:38:55,440
really backfired for him. 
But on the other hand, he's 

768
00:38:55,440 --> 00:38:59,160
like, yeah, OK, you had your 
moment, but you, you didn't win 

769
00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:00,400
anything. 
You didn't beat anything. 

770
00:39:00,400 --> 00:39:03,440
You got some confidence. 
But I still have an army in your

771
00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:05,800
territory. 
You know, I'm marching around 

772
00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:09,320
doing stuff. 
This isn't going to really 

773
00:39:09,320 --> 00:39:12,280
matter in the long run. 
So that was his, that was his 

774
00:39:12,280 --> 00:39:15,960
attitude. 
Meanwhile, while Ajis allows his

775
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:19,480
ravaging farms, destroying 
estates, while that army sits on

776
00:39:19,480 --> 00:39:22,480
the hill behind him, his men are
regaining their confidence. 

777
00:39:22,480 --> 00:39:25,560
Like, yeah, they, they yeah, 
they that guy, he had a good 

778
00:39:25,560 --> 00:39:27,880
move against us, but we're still
in charge. 

779
00:39:27,880 --> 00:39:29,320
They're still afraid to fight 
us. 

780
00:39:29,800 --> 00:39:31,320
Right? 
Like, that's plain. 

781
00:39:31,320 --> 00:39:33,320
They're still on their hill, and
we're just marching around 

782
00:39:33,320 --> 00:39:35,160
destroying their territory, and 
they're not doing anything about

783
00:39:35,160 --> 00:39:38,320
it. 
So meanwhile, Foibidas, he's 

784
00:39:38,320 --> 00:39:42,280
like, all right, well, my king 
is in the region, so I'm going 

785
00:39:42,280 --> 00:39:44,480
to start launching some attacks 
from Thespia. 

786
00:39:44,480 --> 00:39:46,440
We're so close by. 
We've got a great base of 

787
00:39:46,440 --> 00:39:49,160
operations to strike at Thebes 
from less than 40 miles away. 

788
00:39:49,160 --> 00:39:51,520
So he starts raiding, you know, 
like Ironborn style rating, but 

789
00:39:51,520 --> 00:39:54,920
without the ships. 
The allies split their forces, 

790
00:39:55,440 --> 00:39:58,040
right? 
So Cabrias doesn't neither of 

791
00:39:58,040 --> 00:40:02,680
them take on a just allows 
Gorgatas heads to go deal with 

792
00:40:02,680 --> 00:40:06,120
Foibidas while Cabrias. 
Takes his army to attack Spartan

793
00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:09,000
allies and eventually he takes 
ship and starts attacking some 

794
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:12,400
islands. 
So he does a lot of work but 

795
00:40:12,400 --> 00:40:14,680
neither of them actually stop 
it, just allow us. 

796
00:40:14,960 --> 00:40:19,160
So he continues destroying farms
and just does a lot of damage to

797
00:40:19,160 --> 00:40:21,240
thieves. 
His his goal is to try to maybe 

798
00:40:21,240 --> 00:40:24,680
'cause long term harm by 
destroying enough farms to cause

799
00:40:24,680 --> 00:40:26,880
a food shortage. 
Because he doesn't have the 

800
00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:28,440
ability to take the city they 
don't have. 

801
00:40:29,000 --> 00:40:32,320
Taking thieves isn't possible 
even with the size of the army 

802
00:40:32,320 --> 00:40:33,080
he has. 
It's just too big. 

803
00:40:33,080 --> 00:40:37,400
It's like, imagine like a lot of
times you have an army that just

804
00:40:37,400 --> 00:40:39,920
isn't like, Stannis's army isn't
big enough to take Winterfell, 

805
00:40:39,920 --> 00:40:41,280
that kind of thing. 
You know, like he has to do, 

806
00:40:41,280 --> 00:40:43,040
he's going to have to do 
something sneaky to to make that

807
00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:45,960
work. 
So eventually he just marched 

808
00:40:45,960 --> 00:40:48,080
home. 
It just allows to he's just 

809
00:40:48,080 --> 00:40:51,440
like, all right, well, campaign 
season's over. 

810
00:40:51,680 --> 00:40:53,280
We destroyed a lot of farms and 
estates. 

811
00:40:53,280 --> 00:40:55,440
That's all we could accomplish. 
Let's go home. 

812
00:40:56,240 --> 00:41:00,080
His Spartan allies and Spartan 
itself, not impressed by it, 

813
00:41:00,080 --> 00:41:03,240
just allows his campaign. 
They're like, yeah, you that's a

814
00:41:03,240 --> 00:41:07,400
little weak, actually. 
Yeah, you know, you dominated 

815
00:41:07,400 --> 00:41:08,800
them on the ground. 
They didn't fight you. 

816
00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:11,160
That's nice. 
But you didn't like all you 

817
00:41:11,160 --> 00:41:13,160
destroyed was some food. 
You know, that's that's going to

818
00:41:13,160 --> 00:41:17,240
grow back. 
So Gorgadas is heading towards 

819
00:41:17,240 --> 00:41:20,320
Foibidas. 
Nice similar names here to to 

820
00:41:20,320 --> 00:41:22,440
get into a a war here or a 
battle. 

821
00:41:22,920 --> 00:41:27,840
And on his way with his squad, 
including the Sacred Band and 

822
00:41:27,840 --> 00:41:32,720
other Thebans, they encounter a 
squad of 200 enemies and killed 

823
00:41:32,720 --> 00:41:35,000
them all. 
And then they start raiding 

824
00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:36,560
Thespian territory. 
So they counter rating their 

825
00:41:36,560 --> 00:41:39,160
ratings Thespi, while Thespi is 
rating them. 

826
00:41:39,760 --> 00:41:43,160
It accomplished little. 
Gorgodas is just like, it just 

827
00:41:43,160 --> 00:41:45,240
allows just destroying some 
farms and stuff like that. 

828
00:41:45,240 --> 00:41:47,840
It's just not, it's not going to
get you very far. 

829
00:41:48,040 --> 00:41:49,800
It's something. 
But yeah. 

830
00:41:49,920 --> 00:41:53,080
And Floybidas is still rating 
thieving territory and he's 

831
00:41:53,080 --> 00:41:56,880
accomplishing more. 
So Floybidas is partly because 

832
00:41:56,880 --> 00:41:59,400
thieves is much bigger. 
They have a larger population. 

833
00:41:59,400 --> 00:42:00,880
Destroying food has a bigger 
effect. 

834
00:42:01,880 --> 00:42:05,040
But Gorgadas says, OK, well, 
we're going to have to, we have 

835
00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:08,120
to have it out here. 
Let's go fight. 

836
00:42:08,120 --> 00:42:10,520
Let's go see if we can get him 
to into a pitch battle. 

837
00:42:11,040 --> 00:42:14,360
So Gorgadas, it takes his men 
towards where he believes 

838
00:42:14,360 --> 00:42:17,040
Foibadas is. 
And they wanted some payback for

839
00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:18,480
sure, right? 
They know who this is. 

840
00:42:18,480 --> 00:42:21,640
They know Foibadas is the guy 
that sees the cadmium. 

841
00:42:21,760 --> 00:42:25,560
They definitely want him, right?
He didn't get justice from 

842
00:42:25,560 --> 00:42:27,120
Sparta. 
They'd let him go. 

843
00:42:27,160 --> 00:42:31,360
Well, this is their time to give
him justice if they can. 

844
00:42:32,560 --> 00:42:37,720
So at one point, Gorgadas orders
the orders in advance against 

845
00:42:38,080 --> 00:42:41,400
the two armies are arrayed 
facing each other and Gorgadas. 

846
00:42:41,400 --> 00:42:44,600
OK, come at you. 
Foibadas has Peltas, the 

847
00:42:44,600 --> 00:42:49,000
javelins, slingers and all them 
and a few Archers hit them 

848
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:51,960
pretty hard. 
So Gorgadas is like sends, pulls

849
00:42:51,960 --> 00:42:56,840
his men back, and then it 
becomes a retreat, and then it 

850
00:42:56,840 --> 00:42:58,160
becomes a route. 
They start running. 

851
00:42:58,600 --> 00:43:01,800
Foybaras is like, oh, yeah, 
charge, get them, get as many as

852
00:43:01,800 --> 00:43:03,600
you can, stab them in the back, 
kill us. 

853
00:43:03,640 --> 00:43:07,760
Get get them. 
Now, Foybaras hadn't heard about

854
00:43:07,760 --> 00:43:10,280
what happened on the hill. 
Apparently, he didn't realize 

855
00:43:10,280 --> 00:43:13,360
these very disciplined soldiers,
as they demonstrated to just 

856
00:43:13,360 --> 00:43:16,200
allow us. 
So yeah, it's a trap. 

857
00:43:16,480 --> 00:43:22,200
It was a trap, yes. 
And it ironically, this new 

858
00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:28,120
discipline of Thebes, this 
attitude, this spine that they 

859
00:43:28,120 --> 00:43:32,000
grew while living under Spartan 
hegemony for three years. 

860
00:43:32,000 --> 00:43:35,480
Remember how Epaminondas would 
go around and tell the young 

861
00:43:35,480 --> 00:43:39,040
thebans, hey, challenge them to 
wrestling and when and then 

862
00:43:39,040 --> 00:43:41,160
after they would win these 
wrestling matches, say, hey, you

863
00:43:41,160 --> 00:43:45,760
can beat Sparta, yet we're still
under their control. 

864
00:43:45,760 --> 00:43:49,800
Isn't that embarrassing for us? 
So after years of that and and 

865
00:43:49,800 --> 00:43:53,240
then seeing that they can win, 
this is a new generation of 

866
00:43:53,240 --> 00:43:57,360
thebans who aren't, they're not 
as inflicted over the spell of 

867
00:43:57,360 --> 00:44:00,400
Spartan fear as as their 
ancestors had been. 

868
00:44:00,400 --> 00:44:02,440
They're they're braver about it.
They're like, hey, times are 

869
00:44:02,440 --> 00:44:06,520
changing. 
So this is those men. 

870
00:44:06,520 --> 00:44:09,480
This is who's facing Foy Badass 
and his squad, a group of people

871
00:44:09,480 --> 00:44:12,320
that are really want to prove 
themselves, really want to get 

872
00:44:12,320 --> 00:44:15,320
back at this guy in particular 
and really have a lot of 

873
00:44:15,320 --> 00:44:16,960
ambitions for the future of 
their city. 

874
00:44:17,880 --> 00:44:20,080
So the Theven cavalry's already 
superior. 

875
00:44:20,200 --> 00:44:21,920
They just have better horses 
than Sparta. 

876
00:44:21,920 --> 00:44:24,080
Sparta. 
Sparta's cavalry is pretty 

877
00:44:24,080 --> 00:44:26,840
pathetic, actually. 
In fact, that it's it's also, I 

878
00:44:26,880 --> 00:44:29,480
think it's kind of backwards 
from Westeros, backwards from 

879
00:44:29,480 --> 00:44:31,600
most places, really, because 
horses are expensive. 

880
00:44:32,040 --> 00:44:36,080
So by definition, cavalry tend 
to be come for richer families. 

881
00:44:36,320 --> 00:44:37,360
Yeah. 
So it's the Knights on 

882
00:44:37,360 --> 00:44:39,160
horseback. 
Those are the main guys in 

883
00:44:39,160 --> 00:44:39,880
Westeros. 
Right. 

884
00:44:39,880 --> 00:44:41,400
And the foot soldiers are the 
backups. 

885
00:44:41,400 --> 00:44:44,400
The, you know, the, the, the 
quantity rather than the quality

886
00:44:45,000 --> 00:44:47,480
here. 
It's kind of similar for most of

887
00:44:47,480 --> 00:44:50,080
the nations. 
But with Sparta, infantry is 

888
00:44:50,080 --> 00:44:52,400
their thing. 
That's how that's their dominant

889
00:44:52,400 --> 00:44:53,520
thing. 
That's the thing that they 

890
00:44:53,520 --> 00:44:57,880
regard as important. 
It's manly riding horses is is 

891
00:44:57,880 --> 00:45:01,280
for weak people. 
Even that's so militarily 

892
00:45:01,280 --> 00:45:02,840
useful, they still look down on 
it. 

893
00:45:02,840 --> 00:45:06,600
So their their way of deciding 
who was the cavalry was just the

894
00:45:06,640 --> 00:45:08,400
the losers. 
The weakest guys have to be the 

895
00:45:08,400 --> 00:45:10,360
cavalry. 
So it's like they would just put

896
00:45:10,360 --> 00:45:13,040
that job on the weakest 
soldiers, which is the opposite 

897
00:45:13,040 --> 00:45:16,160
of most other nations in 
Westeros or in real life. 

898
00:45:16,920 --> 00:45:20,440
So this trap happens. 
The the Steven cavalry turns 

899
00:45:20,440 --> 00:45:25,120
around and strikes back at the 
charging Spartans and does an 

900
00:45:25,120 --> 00:45:27,840
encircling maneuver. 
So they're they're not only are 

901
00:45:27,840 --> 00:45:30,560
they surrounding them and it can
attack them from the sides, 

902
00:45:30,560 --> 00:45:31,600
They're cutting off their 
retreat. 

903
00:45:32,560 --> 00:45:34,960
And it was quite a quite a 
victory. 

904
00:45:35,040 --> 00:45:36,680
Floydas was killed. 
They got him. 

905
00:45:37,040 --> 00:45:38,440
Must have been a big 
celebration. 

906
00:45:38,440 --> 00:45:40,160
They're like, yeah, we got this 
guy finally. 

907
00:45:40,280 --> 00:45:43,480
All right, Justice. 
The Sacred Bands had their first

908
00:45:43,480 --> 00:45:47,440
victory. 
And as is the norm in Greece, 

909
00:45:47,440 --> 00:45:50,040
they erected a trophy to 
commemorate the battle. 

910
00:45:50,040 --> 00:45:51,600
As you know, dedication to the 
gods. 

911
00:45:51,600 --> 00:45:54,800
They would usually leave some 
Shields and broken arm or 

912
00:45:54,800 --> 00:45:58,440
whatever to some captured 
armaments is usually how they do

913
00:45:58,440 --> 00:46:00,200
it. 
And a lot of times those trophy 

914
00:46:00,200 --> 00:46:02,120
would stay there forever. 
Like enemies don't take those 

915
00:46:02,120 --> 00:46:04,360
trophies down. 
It was just a Greek cultural 

916
00:46:04,360 --> 00:46:05,720
thing. 
Like you win the battle, it's 

917
00:46:05,720 --> 00:46:07,640
your right to be able to put 
that trophy up. 

918
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:12,000
And the the losers have to come 
ask you for permission to get 

919
00:46:12,000 --> 00:46:13,800
your dead. 
And that we've discussed how 

920
00:46:13,800 --> 00:46:16,320
important burying the dead is. 
That's the thing that they would

921
00:46:16,320 --> 00:46:20,840
agree on almost always like 
99.9% of the time, like yes, you

922
00:46:20,840 --> 00:46:22,120
can come collect your dead 
bodies. 

923
00:46:22,120 --> 00:46:25,560
Go ahead and do that peace truce
while you collect your dead. 

924
00:46:25,800 --> 00:46:28,080
Go give them the proper burial. 
They fought, they deserve a 

925
00:46:28,080 --> 00:46:30,080
burial there. 
You know, it was a little bit of

926
00:46:31,080 --> 00:46:33,920
some aspects of war. 
They still had some, you know, 

927
00:46:34,880 --> 00:46:38,640
some unity about South Sparta 
just said, all right, well, that

928
00:46:38,640 --> 00:46:40,880
didn't work. 
So they sent a new commander to 

929
00:46:40,880 --> 00:46:44,440
Thespi and a new Garrison. 
So they just re re armed Thespi 

930
00:46:45,240 --> 00:46:49,640
at the end of this year. 376 
Rome builds its first city 

931
00:46:49,640 --> 00:46:51,680
walls, the Serbian wall. 
Very famous. 

932
00:46:51,680 --> 00:46:54,760
That's the Serbian wall is why 
Hannibal, after defeating 

933
00:46:54,760 --> 00:46:57,880
multiple Roman Roman armies 
could not take Rome because he 

934
00:46:57,880 --> 00:47:01,840
didn't have a large enough army.
Same deal with Aedisolaus and 

935
00:47:01,840 --> 00:47:03,280
Thebes. 
In fact I'm pretty sure their 

936
00:47:03,280 --> 00:47:05,560
armies were similar sizes around
18,000 at the time. 

937
00:47:06,160 --> 00:47:11,320
Also, Dionysius of Syracuse lost
his third war to Carthage and 

938
00:47:11,320 --> 00:47:15,520
had to pay 1000 talents annually
and basically seat all territory

939
00:47:15,520 --> 00:47:17,440
West of the Halseus River. 
You don't need to know what that

940
00:47:17,440 --> 00:47:18,600
is. 
It's basically on the western 

941
00:47:18,600 --> 00:47:28,480
half of Sicily. 377 Thebes 
reestablishes the Boesian league

942
00:47:28,600 --> 00:47:30,680
and Athens the second Athenian 
league. 

943
00:47:30,680 --> 00:47:32,560
Remember the second Athenian 
league was there. 

944
00:47:32,840 --> 00:47:34,680
They're going on telling 
everybody this time we're going 

945
00:47:34,680 --> 00:47:37,360
to be allies, not not 
dominators, right? 

946
00:47:37,440 --> 00:47:40,360
Well, we promise. 
Meanwhile Thebes Boesian league 

947
00:47:40,360 --> 00:47:42,480
was an older thing and this 
reforming now that they have 

948
00:47:42,480 --> 00:47:47,080
regained their power. 
Basically it's all the region of

949
00:47:47,080 --> 00:47:49,240
Boesha with Thebes at the 
middle. 

950
00:47:49,240 --> 00:47:53,400
Thebes is the the powerful one. 
They all get to elect boatarks. 

951
00:47:53,400 --> 00:47:54,640
Everything is a something a 
tark. 

952
00:47:54,760 --> 00:47:56,920
In Greece if you're in charge of
something, you're something a 

953
00:47:56,920 --> 00:48:00,120
tark. 
They even have like the guy who 

954
00:48:00,120 --> 00:48:02,920
cleans out the all the drains 
like like a Tyrion. 

955
00:48:03,080 --> 00:48:05,080
They have, it's like a taxi arc 
or something like that. 

956
00:48:05,120 --> 00:48:07,160
Anyway, like, yeah, they have it
like a skull arc. 

957
00:48:07,480 --> 00:48:09,360
It's like a school 
administrator, scholarly 

958
00:48:09,360 --> 00:48:11,320
administrator skull arc. 
Yeah, this is everything's an 

959
00:48:11,320 --> 00:48:14,480
arc. 
So the boatarks, there would be 

960
00:48:14,480 --> 00:48:17,280
7 boatarks, 7 military leaders. 
It's the equivalent of the 

961
00:48:17,280 --> 00:48:21,080
Athenian strategos. 
And basically the way they 

962
00:48:21,080 --> 00:48:23,880
arranged it, 4 boatarks would 
always be from Thebes and the 

963
00:48:23,880 --> 00:48:26,280
other three would be from the 
other Bohesian ally or other 

964
00:48:26,280 --> 00:48:30,040
Bohesian city states. 
Spring of 377 it's campaign 

965
00:48:30,040 --> 00:48:34,640
season again, but just allow us 
invades again and again uses a 

966
00:48:34,640 --> 00:48:37,520
ruse to get around the Theben 
wall. 

967
00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:39,680
This guy's pretty clever. 
Even though his last campaign 

968
00:48:39,680 --> 00:48:43,520
didn't didn't accomplish a whole
lot, he still knows what he's 

969
00:48:43,520 --> 00:48:45,800
doing in general. 
So this time he goes to the city

970
00:48:45,800 --> 00:48:49,040
of Platea, which is another 
place that they had dominated at

971
00:48:49,040 --> 00:48:50,680
the time. 
Platea is not very far from 

972
00:48:50,680 --> 00:48:53,560
Thebes, so they have these 
multiple bases that they can 

973
00:48:53,840 --> 00:48:56,600
kind of threaten thieves by 
having an army close by. 

974
00:48:57,240 --> 00:48:59,160
So what does he do? 
He goes to Platea and orders 

975
00:48:59,160 --> 00:49:04,320
them to set up an outdoor market
for his troops, knowing that 

976
00:49:04,320 --> 00:49:08,320
everybody would hear about this.
So thieves hears about it, as 

977
00:49:08,320 --> 00:49:11,800
expected, and they go, oh, let's
attack that market. 

978
00:49:11,840 --> 00:49:16,080
They're going to be vulnerable. 
It's a trap, but not the same 

979
00:49:16,080 --> 00:49:19,000
kind of trap. 
They show up with their army 

980
00:49:19,000 --> 00:49:21,720
ready to attack and there's 
nobody there at all. 

981
00:49:22,120 --> 00:49:24,640
It's just an outmaneuver. 
It just allows it already take 

982
00:49:24,880 --> 00:49:27,400
took his army in different 
direction knowing that they 

983
00:49:27,400 --> 00:49:32,040
would fall for this bait. 
So this time a just allows 

984
00:49:32,040 --> 00:49:35,200
destroys the other farms, the 
farms he didn't destroy the 

985
00:49:35,200 --> 00:49:38,240
previous year. 
So this starts to really add up.

986
00:49:38,280 --> 00:49:40,280
I mean, like he destroyed a 
bunch of farms last year, then 

987
00:49:40,280 --> 00:49:41,520
he destroys a bunch of farms 
this year. 

988
00:49:41,520 --> 00:49:44,160
That's really taking its toll on
thieves food supply. 

989
00:49:45,120 --> 00:49:47,960
So it's a similar thing like and
arguably doesn't seem like it's 

990
00:49:47,960 --> 00:49:50,320
accomplishing unless the startup
wants more than just destroying 

991
00:49:50,320 --> 00:49:52,680
food. 
A just allows knows what he's 

992
00:49:52,680 --> 00:49:55,240
doing, but he isn't. 
Not everybody's on board with 

993
00:49:55,240 --> 00:49:59,320
this long term plan. 
They want quicker results and it

994
00:49:59,320 --> 00:50:01,800
just allows gets sick. 
He's an older man, right? 

995
00:50:01,840 --> 00:50:03,920
And he gets sick. 
He couldn't even walk. 

996
00:50:04,120 --> 00:50:07,480
So they have to take him back 
home and his campaign ends a 

997
00:50:07,480 --> 00:50:11,120
little bit early. 
Cleombrodus, the other king, 

998
00:50:11,120 --> 00:50:14,400
remember, he takes advantage of 
it just allows being a little 

999
00:50:14,400 --> 00:50:17,320
bit out of it to push for a new 
strategy. 

1000
00:50:17,320 --> 00:50:21,120
He says, hey, yes, we're an 
infantry power, a land power, 

1001
00:50:21,120 --> 00:50:23,640
but we have had success at sea 
before We've done it. 

1002
00:50:24,400 --> 00:50:27,240
Let's pivot. 
Instead of trying to beat Thebes

1003
00:50:27,240 --> 00:50:31,520
on land, let's try to beat 
Athens at sea, because look what

1004
00:50:31,520 --> 00:50:33,560
trying to beat Thebes on land 
has gotten us. 

1005
00:50:33,560 --> 00:50:35,720
All we've done is burn a bunch 
of farms. 

1006
00:50:36,400 --> 00:50:40,440
It's not that helpful, right? 
But at sea, we can conquer 

1007
00:50:40,440 --> 00:50:42,320
islands. 
We can get more tribute that 

1008
00:50:42,320 --> 00:50:43,520
way. 
There's just more for us out 

1009
00:50:43,520 --> 00:50:45,440
there. 
And if we let Athens do it, 

1010
00:50:45,720 --> 00:50:47,440
well, then they're going to be a
problem. 

1011
00:50:48,320 --> 00:50:51,080
So basically he's arguing that 
Thebes is, you know, they're 

1012
00:50:51,080 --> 00:50:54,480
taking away some of their some 
of their vibe, some of what 

1013
00:50:54,480 --> 00:50:57,680
they're known for. 
But pragmatically speaking, 

1014
00:50:57,680 --> 00:51:00,720
wouldn't it be better to go 
after what Athens is doing? 

1015
00:51:00,720 --> 00:51:03,800
Wouldn't, won't won't that gain 
us more to be clear on what 

1016
00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:06,880
happened with it just allows he 
had like a rupture in his foot 

1017
00:51:07,160 --> 00:51:10,120
and his blood started to fill. 
His legs started to fill with 

1018
00:51:10,120 --> 00:51:12,000
blood, which was like all 
swollen and eventually they like

1019
00:51:12,000 --> 00:51:16,160
lanced it and he passed out from
blood loss and then it's 

1020
00:51:16,160 --> 00:51:18,920
miraculously stopped. 
He they thought he was going to 

1021
00:51:18,920 --> 00:51:21,320
die, but he was bedridden for a 
while. 

1022
00:51:21,560 --> 00:51:26,000
And at this point, Antol Cetus. 
Antol Cetus was the guy the 

1023
00:51:26,000 --> 00:51:28,120
Spartan who was an in law of 
Adisalaus. 

1024
00:51:28,520 --> 00:51:30,960
He's the guy that arranged the 
King's peace. 

1025
00:51:31,280 --> 00:51:34,560
He's the guy that blockaded 
Athens so that they didn't have 

1026
00:51:34,560 --> 00:51:36,640
their grain supply, which 
brought them to the negotiating 

1027
00:51:36,640 --> 00:51:38,920
table, which enabled the King's 
peace to finally happen. 

1028
00:51:39,680 --> 00:51:44,560
Antol Cetus went to Adisalaus 
and said hey, isn't it amazing 

1029
00:51:44,560 --> 00:51:46,680
how good they've gotten after 
all the training we've given 

1030
00:51:46,680 --> 00:51:49,080
them? 
What he means by that this is an

1031
00:51:49,080 --> 00:51:52,400
insult he's telling and and and 
an accusation at the same time. 

1032
00:51:52,400 --> 00:51:56,800
Because what I just allow us was
doing somewhat violates the 

1033
00:51:56,800 --> 00:52:02,200
ancient law of Lycurgus, the 
semi mythical Spartan lawgiver. 

1034
00:52:02,200 --> 00:52:05,080
The guy who wrote most of 
Sparta's laws for this era 

1035
00:52:05,720 --> 00:52:07,920
basically came up with their 
constitution, you know, several 

1036
00:52:07,920 --> 00:52:13,840
centuries before. 
Lycurgus said don't make war on 

1037
00:52:13,840 --> 00:52:18,440
the same people over and over, 
too close together, because 

1038
00:52:18,440 --> 00:52:20,160
you're going to teach them how 
to fight. 

1039
00:52:20,160 --> 00:52:24,520
They're going to learn by 
necessity, and then they'll be 

1040
00:52:24,520 --> 00:52:27,080
more dangerous in the long term.
You're you're giving them 

1041
00:52:27,080 --> 00:52:28,240
fighting laws. 
That's what he said. 

1042
00:52:28,240 --> 00:52:31,360
You've given them training. 
You attacking them has taught 

1043
00:52:31,360 --> 00:52:33,440
them how to fight. 
And if you keep doing it over 

1044
00:52:33,440 --> 00:52:35,520
and over, they're going to get 
really good at fighting. 

1045
00:52:35,520 --> 00:52:38,040
You're making this happen. 
It's an interesting point and 

1046
00:52:38,040 --> 00:52:40,760
one that you kind of have to 
somehow you can see his point 

1047
00:52:40,760 --> 00:52:44,240
kind of right, especially given 
how fired up these current 

1048
00:52:44,240 --> 00:52:47,200
generation of Thebans were to, 
to get back at Sparta after what

1049
00:52:47,200 --> 00:52:49,760
they did. 
But it just allows can't do much

1050
00:52:49,760 --> 00:52:52,200
about it right now. 
He's bedridden and possibly 

1051
00:52:52,200 --> 00:52:54,880
dying. 
Now, I know they're a little, a 

1052
00:52:54,880 --> 00:52:58,360
little sidetrack here for the 
birth of a very important person

1053
00:52:58,360 --> 00:53:02,240
in Athens, Demosthenes. 
He will become the most 

1054
00:53:02,240 --> 00:53:06,480
important orator of the ancient 
world, right up there with 

1055
00:53:06,480 --> 00:53:09,160
Cicero. 
Cicero's a little more famous, 

1056
00:53:09,480 --> 00:53:11,440
in fact. 
Plutarch's Parallel lives, 

1057
00:53:12,000 --> 00:53:14,120
comparing Cicero to Demosthenes.
There you go. 

1058
00:53:14,640 --> 00:53:17,840
There's an eerie number of 
coincidences between Cicero and 

1059
00:53:17,840 --> 00:53:20,920
Demosthenes apart from their 
everlasting fame as speakers, 

1060
00:53:21,280 --> 00:53:23,360
including their deaths at the 
hands of very powerful and 

1061
00:53:23,360 --> 00:53:25,080
tyrannical people that they 
spoke out against. 

1062
00:53:25,080 --> 00:53:28,160
They orated against people that 
were dangerous, but after long 

1063
00:53:28,160 --> 00:53:30,160
careers, it's not like this was 
the first time they spoke out 

1064
00:53:30,160 --> 00:53:33,240
against someone dangerous. 
But at this point, Demosthenes 

1065
00:53:33,240 --> 00:53:36,040
is 7 years old, so he's not a 
big part of the story yet. 

1066
00:53:36,160 --> 00:53:39,040
But even as a child, he was 
fascinating because he was 

1067
00:53:39,040 --> 00:53:41,520
orphaned. 
His, his parents had some money,

1068
00:53:41,520 --> 00:53:45,480
they had an estate of some kind,
but his caretakers embezzled it 

1069
00:53:45,480 --> 00:53:49,200
all after the after the family, 
after the parents died, and they

1070
00:53:49,200 --> 00:53:51,800
kind of ignored him. 
He was small, he was picked on 

1071
00:53:51,800 --> 00:53:54,800
by other kids. 
So he had no talented speaking. 

1072
00:53:54,800 --> 00:54:00,680
He he had a he would slur his 
words, he would stutter, but he 

1073
00:54:00,680 --> 00:54:03,040
had overwhelming drive to 
improve. 

1074
00:54:03,680 --> 00:54:08,080
He practiced speaking with 
pebbles in his mouth so that he 

1075
00:54:08,120 --> 00:54:11,800
just to make him more clear, you
know, he would just form words 

1076
00:54:11,800 --> 00:54:14,520
while making it harder, which 
would make, you know, it's like 

1077
00:54:15,400 --> 00:54:17,080
doing anything under those 
difficulties. 

1078
00:54:17,080 --> 00:54:18,960
When you take the difficulty 
away, it gets easier. 

1079
00:54:18,960 --> 00:54:21,920
So he would train himself to 
speak clearly by holding rocks 

1080
00:54:21,920 --> 00:54:25,040
in his mouth and he would train 
himself to speak clearly after 

1081
00:54:25,040 --> 00:54:27,680
running, after sprinting, he 
would hike up a big mountain, 

1082
00:54:27,680 --> 00:54:31,200
run up the mountain and be like 
and try to speak clearly after 

1083
00:54:31,200 --> 00:54:32,680
that. 
So I'll just all this effort 

1084
00:54:32,680 --> 00:54:35,080
into speaking well into being an
orator. 

1085
00:54:35,200 --> 00:54:39,280
And this is a trend orators, 
there weren't really orators the

1086
00:54:39,280 --> 00:54:41,720
previous century. 
This is a new thing, people that

1087
00:54:41,720 --> 00:54:45,520
have a lot of influence based on
speeches that are delivered to 

1088
00:54:45,520 --> 00:54:47,760
the citizenry, a lot of which 
survived. 

1089
00:54:47,760 --> 00:54:49,360
Today, a lot of these are 
written down. 

1090
00:54:49,360 --> 00:54:51,920
Cicero's writings, Demosthenes 
writings, you can you can find 

1091
00:54:51,920 --> 00:54:54,160
them now. 
They still influence modern 

1092
00:54:54,160 --> 00:54:56,760
writing, modern writers, they're
still analyzed quite a bit. 

1093
00:54:56,880 --> 00:54:59,560
So anyway, we don't have much to
say about him right now. 

1094
00:54:59,560 --> 00:55:02,720
I just wanted to introduce him. 
A naturally uncharismatic person

1095
00:55:02,720 --> 00:55:06,040
who became such through hard 
work, kind of inspiring in that 

1096
00:55:06,040 --> 00:55:08,720
regard. 
Not militarily capable at all, 

1097
00:55:09,000 --> 00:55:11,880
but an amazing speaker and 
someone who's very self-made. 

1098
00:55:12,240 --> 00:55:15,200
So we'll catch up with him when 
he's a bit older and to keep him

1099
00:55:15,200 --> 00:55:17,480
back in your mind around this 
time as well. 

1100
00:55:17,480 --> 00:55:20,040
Masolos is made satrap of 
Koriah. 

1101
00:55:20,040 --> 00:55:22,600
Koriah, remember that's one of 
the regions of what's now 

1102
00:55:22,600 --> 00:55:27,240
Turkey. 
Now Mazalos is pretty important,

1103
00:55:27,240 --> 00:55:30,040
and his wife, though arguably 
more important, more 

1104
00:55:30,040 --> 00:55:32,200
interesting. 
Artemisia, the second sister 

1105
00:55:32,200 --> 00:55:35,280
wife at that. 
So yeah, now her story's 

1106
00:55:35,280 --> 00:55:37,840
amazing, but we're not to her 
time period yet. 

1107
00:55:38,400 --> 00:55:41,480
Now they are part of the 
Hekatomnid dynasty. 

1108
00:55:42,120 --> 00:55:45,080
Remember sister wives of both 
Artemisia and Masalas are of the

1109
00:55:45,080 --> 00:55:47,720
Hekatomnid dynasty from 
Hekatomnus. 

1110
00:55:47,840 --> 00:55:52,640
He was the 1st satrap of a 
Persian region who wasn't 

1111
00:55:52,640 --> 00:55:54,040
Persian? 
Hekatomis. 

1112
00:55:54,040 --> 00:55:59,520
So he was an important guy and 
he, you know, Mazalis was his 

1113
00:55:59,520 --> 00:56:03,360
descendant. 
And Hekatomis was made satrap 

1114
00:56:03,720 --> 00:56:06,680
after the death of Tisifernes. 
Remember, Tisifernes was the one

1115
00:56:06,680 --> 00:56:11,520
that ratted out Cyrus's 
rebellion to Artaxerxes. 

1116
00:56:11,520 --> 00:56:14,480
And Tisifernes was eventually 
assassinated on orders of 

1117
00:56:14,480 --> 00:56:17,360
parasitis. 
So Masalas you might wonder. 

1118
00:56:17,360 --> 00:56:18,800
That name might sound a little 
familiar. 

1119
00:56:18,800 --> 00:56:25,600
Well, yeah, Masalos is where we 
get the word mausoleum right for

1120
00:56:25,600 --> 00:56:30,320
real. 
And he is the man buried in the 

1121
00:56:30,560 --> 00:56:34,440
mausoleum of Masalos. 
Artemisia built it for him for 

1122
00:56:34,440 --> 00:56:37,840
as his as his tomb, his again, 
that's his sister wife. 

1123
00:56:37,840 --> 00:56:40,920
So the Mausoleum of Masalas, in 
case you weren't aware, is one 

1124
00:56:40,920 --> 00:56:42,720
of the seven wonders of the 
ancient world. 

1125
00:56:42,720 --> 00:56:45,520
Let's take a quick moment to 
discuss those because well, hey,

1126
00:56:45,520 --> 00:56:46,520
we're in the ancient world, 
right? 

1127
00:56:47,000 --> 00:56:51,800
The Pyramid of Giza is the only 
one of the seven wonders of the 

1128
00:56:51,800 --> 00:56:53,160
ancient world that is still 
standing. 

1129
00:56:53,160 --> 00:56:54,760
And it's also the oldest of 
those. 

1130
00:56:54,760 --> 00:56:57,400
So it's kind of funny that the 
oldest one is the only one 

1131
00:56:57,400 --> 00:57:00,920
that's still around. 
Now that one, it was roughly 

1132
00:57:00,920 --> 00:57:05,200
built around 2584 or so. 
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, 

1133
00:57:05,760 --> 00:57:08,680
which may not have actually 
existed, would be the next 

1134
00:57:08,680 --> 00:57:12,000
oldest at 600 BC. 
Then the Temple of Artemis. 

1135
00:57:12,640 --> 00:57:14,360
Of course, Temple of Artemis is 
very relevant here. 

1136
00:57:14,360 --> 00:57:19,240
That was built in 550. 
Then it was destroyed and 

1137
00:57:19,240 --> 00:57:22,440
rebuilt in about 356. 
And that's at Ephesus, the city 

1138
00:57:22,440 --> 00:57:24,760
of Ephesus. 
There's the statue of Zeus at 

1139
00:57:24,760 --> 00:57:30,160
Olympia, which was built in 435.
And then the mausoleum isn't 

1140
00:57:30,160 --> 00:57:32,720
built yet. 
It will be built after Mazalis 

1141
00:57:32,720 --> 00:57:34,560
dies. 
The Colossus of Rhodes is the 

1142
00:57:34,560 --> 00:57:36,280
other. 
There's another one that hasn't 

1143
00:57:36,280 --> 00:57:39,000
been built yet, but will be 
built in our the second-half of 

1144
00:57:39,000 --> 00:57:42,240
our story in later 2026, and the
Pharaoh's lighthouse at 

1145
00:57:42,240 --> 00:57:45,960
Alexandria built by Alexander 
the Great, who also doesn't 

1146
00:57:45,960 --> 00:57:48,400
exist yet but will also be part 
of our story later. 

1147
00:57:49,080 --> 00:57:53,200
The walls of Babylon at the time
were considered a wonder of the 

1148
00:57:53,200 --> 00:57:56,560
ancient world in that period. 
They aren't now, but the walls 

1149
00:57:56,560 --> 00:58:00,200
of Babylon were built something 
like 1800 BC, if not earlier, 

1150
00:58:00,200 --> 00:58:06,560
and they were 86 kilometers long
and 24 meters thick, 97 meters 

1151
00:58:06,560 --> 00:58:08,200
high. 
They were huge, especially for 

1152
00:58:08,200 --> 00:58:09,520
the ancient world. 
Those are probably some of the 

1153
00:58:09,760 --> 00:58:13,120
biggest walls by far. 
For 1000 years or so they were 

1154
00:58:13,120 --> 00:58:17,360
built out of brick and bitumen. 
Another ancient world wonder was

1155
00:58:17,360 --> 00:58:20,840
the palace of Cyrus. 
Cyrus was the not to be confused

1156
00:58:20,840 --> 00:58:23,720
with Cyrus the Younger, the 
failed rebel against Artaxerxes.

1157
00:58:23,720 --> 00:58:27,960
But the founder of the Persian 
dynasty was Cyrus the Great. 

1158
00:58:28,440 --> 00:58:31,240
And so, yeah, he is palace is 
still remembered, although 

1159
00:58:31,240 --> 00:58:33,880
there's the Pergamon altar. 
I don't know much about that. 

1160
00:58:33,880 --> 00:58:36,360
But that's another one that was 
built around 180 that was 

1161
00:58:36,360 --> 00:58:37,960
considered a wonder. 
The ancient world that isn't 

1162
00:58:37,960 --> 00:58:41,200
considered one now. 
So let's go to Persia while 

1163
00:58:41,200 --> 00:58:41,840
we're there. 
Let's stick. 

1164
00:58:41,840 --> 00:58:43,320
Let's stick stick with them for 
a minute. 

1165
00:58:43,560 --> 00:58:46,280
Catch up on that. 
Let's let me give you the tale 

1166
00:58:46,280 --> 00:58:52,240
of Aspasia, AKA Milto. 
Now this is a interesting 

1167
00:58:52,240 --> 00:58:55,880
nickname. 
She was considered the most 

1168
00:58:55,880 --> 00:58:57,720
beautiful woman in the world at 
the time. 

1169
00:58:58,400 --> 00:59:01,000
She was from Focia, which is 
western Turkey. 

1170
00:59:01,000 --> 00:59:05,800
So she was Greek, but you know, 
Ionian Greek so very much often 

1171
00:59:05,800 --> 00:59:09,480
under the yoke of Persia when 
she was young, she was carried 

1172
00:59:09,480 --> 00:59:13,760
off to be in the harem of Cyrus 
the younger because so 

1173
00:59:13,760 --> 00:59:16,960
beautiful, she told the and she 
was brought into his presence 

1174
00:59:17,120 --> 00:59:20,240
and all the other women were 
like flirting and trying to make

1175
00:59:20,440 --> 00:59:22,760
friends with the Prince, trying 
to catch his attention. 

1176
00:59:23,200 --> 00:59:26,040
And Cyrus is like, hey, what 
about that one, You know, send 

1177
00:59:26,040 --> 00:59:28,240
her over here. 
She was kind of being sullen and

1178
00:59:28,240 --> 00:59:30,520
not like not being all flirty 
like the rest of them. 

1179
00:59:30,760 --> 00:59:33,280
And she says and he's so he's 
she's like, no. 

1180
00:59:33,920 --> 00:59:37,040
And so the his chamberlains are 
like going to go grab her and 

1181
00:59:37,040 --> 00:59:41,600
force her to go towards him. 
And she just speaks up, says 

1182
00:59:41,600 --> 00:59:43,560
anyone who lays a hand on me 
will ruin it. 

1183
00:59:43,720 --> 00:59:45,200
Like, and she's like basically a
slave. 

1184
00:59:45,200 --> 00:59:48,080
And she says this so it's very 
brave. 

1185
00:59:48,520 --> 00:59:53,000
And Cyrus basically says she's 
the only real 1 here. 

1186
00:59:53,000 --> 00:59:55,480
This is the only real woman you 
brought me because this is this 

1187
00:59:55,480 --> 00:59:59,600
is how extremely powerful men 
would react to strong willed 

1188
00:59:59,600 --> 01:00:00,840
women. 
They would look at it like a 

1189
01:00:00,840 --> 01:00:02,400
curiosity. 
They still wouldn't be they 

1190
01:00:02,400 --> 01:00:04,560
wouldn't be impressed. 
It's like they look at it like 

1191
01:00:04,680 --> 01:00:06,760
like the way Drogo treated 
Daenerys, It was like he's 

1192
01:00:06,760 --> 01:00:09,680
treating her like a horse, you 
know, like he's, she thinks 

1193
01:00:09,680 --> 01:00:14,240
she's being, you know, he's this
man of of valor and trying to 

1194
01:00:14,240 --> 01:00:16,320
treat her well. 
But really he's just going he's 

1195
01:00:16,560 --> 01:00:17,880
treating her how he would treat 
a horse. 

1196
01:00:18,240 --> 01:00:20,680
This is the same kind of thing. 
Like he's impressed by her, but 

1197
01:00:20,680 --> 01:00:23,000
he's still. 
Looking down on her while he's 

1198
01:00:23,000 --> 01:00:24,720
like, oh, a woman that speaks 
up. 

1199
01:00:25,040 --> 01:00:27,080
Oh, you know, wow, what how 
different. 

1200
01:00:27,080 --> 01:00:30,080
So this is to him. 
This is intriguing because most 

1201
01:00:30,080 --> 01:00:32,800
women are just so scared of him.
You know, it's still very. 

1202
01:00:33,360 --> 01:00:38,800
Anyway, this is not far from the
time that Artuzerxes became 

1203
01:00:38,800 --> 01:00:40,200
king. 
And then so a few years later, 

1204
01:00:40,200 --> 01:00:45,520
Cyrus tries to take the throne, 
fails Aspasia is taken as a 

1205
01:00:45,520 --> 01:00:49,160
spoil of war by Artuzerxes. 
Cause they had everybody had 

1206
01:00:49,160 --> 01:00:51,960
heard of her by now, like the 
woman that was super beautiful 

1207
01:00:51,960 --> 01:00:57,680
and spoke up to Cyrus like 
directly like that so that 

1208
01:00:57,680 --> 01:01:00,040
everybody heard about it. 
So she was brought to him in 

1209
01:01:00,040 --> 01:01:04,120
chains and because of her 
reputation artistic, she was mad

1210
01:01:04,120 --> 01:01:05,960
about that. 
He was like, you brought her in 

1211
01:01:05,960 --> 01:01:09,720
chains, how dare you? 
He gave her, he the officers 

1212
01:01:09,720 --> 01:01:13,000
that brought her in chains. 
He threw them in prison and gave

1213
01:01:13,000 --> 01:01:15,680
her a bunch of presents. 
And then later he married her 

1214
01:01:15,680 --> 01:01:17,800
because of course he did. 
He married, you know, like a 

1215
01:01:18,080 --> 01:01:22,040
bajillion people. 
At one point he became sad 

1216
01:01:22,480 --> 01:01:25,960
because his favorite eunuch boy 
Tiridades died. 

1217
01:01:26,240 --> 01:01:29,840
And this was a young beautiful, 
the most beautiful boy of the 

1218
01:01:29,840 --> 01:01:31,920
air, apparently. 
And boy, I mean, he's like a 16 

1219
01:01:31,920 --> 01:01:35,600
year old, still really young, 
not an actual boy, but very 

1220
01:01:35,600 --> 01:01:38,640
young anyway, and a eunuch. 
So like, why would they do that?

1221
01:01:38,640 --> 01:01:41,560
Well, because they're, well, 
that's what they did anyway. 

1222
01:01:41,560 --> 01:01:46,080
So she gets the idea that you 
can get even closer in his good 

1223
01:01:46,080 --> 01:01:48,840
graces by wearing Tiro daddy's 
clothing. 

1224
01:01:48,840 --> 01:01:53,880
So she shows up in his clothing 
and is like, hey, is this giving

1225
01:01:53,880 --> 01:01:56,360
you comfort? 
And he's like, yes. 

1226
01:01:57,680 --> 01:02:05,080
So also around this time, it's 
not standard practice, or rather

1227
01:02:05,080 --> 01:02:08,160
it's not automatic that the 
eldest son inherits. 

1228
01:02:08,160 --> 01:02:11,640
In the Persian Empire it was 
normal, but it wasn't automatic 

1229
01:02:11,640 --> 01:02:16,200
like it would be in Westeros. 
So his eldest son, another 

1230
01:02:16,200 --> 01:02:19,400
Darius, was named Air at this 
time. 

1231
01:02:19,400 --> 01:02:21,760
So he was the eldest in this 
case was named Air. 

1232
01:02:22,560 --> 01:02:27,320
And they had a custom very much 
like the Carthene wedding 

1233
01:02:27,320 --> 01:02:31,600
custom, where when the Persian 
king names his heir, that heir 

1234
01:02:31,800 --> 01:02:35,720
is allowed to ask for a boon, a 
single thing that the king is 

1235
01:02:35,720 --> 01:02:38,840
not allowed to refuse. 
What did he ask? 

1236
01:02:38,840 --> 01:02:40,320
So remember, that's what Zaro 
tried to do. 

1237
01:02:40,320 --> 01:02:42,560
Zaro tried to marry Danny. 
And then Jaro's like, hey, you 

1238
01:02:42,560 --> 01:02:45,560
know what, Danny? 
Zaro is trying to trick you. 

1239
01:02:45,560 --> 01:02:47,760
Because there's a marriage 
custom in cars where each spouse

1240
01:02:47,760 --> 01:02:50,200
gets to ask for a favor from 
their spouse and they they 

1241
01:02:50,200 --> 01:02:51,760
cannot refuse. 
He's going to ask you for a 

1242
01:02:51,760 --> 01:02:54,720
dragon. 
She's like, oh, damn, yeah, he 

1243
01:02:54,720 --> 01:02:57,440
is going to do that, isn't he? 
So what does durais do? 

1244
01:02:57,960 --> 01:03:01,240
He asks for Aspasia. 
He asks for the woman. 

1245
01:03:01,800 --> 01:03:08,360
And I heard Xerxes like, oh, 
damn it, I don't I don't want to

1246
01:03:08,360 --> 01:03:10,960
give her up. 
But this is very public. 

1247
01:03:10,960 --> 01:03:16,200
It's going to make me look bad. 
I don't want to I'll I already 

1248
01:03:16,200 --> 01:03:18,240
broke the law once. 
You know, remember he how he 

1249
01:03:18,240 --> 01:03:20,920
took remember how he offered a 
daughter to Tira Bazis, his 

1250
01:03:20,920 --> 01:03:23,400
daughter Atosa, and then said, 
actually, never mind, I'm going 

1251
01:03:23,400 --> 01:03:25,960
to marry her myself. 
So this is a guy that is already

1252
01:03:26,360 --> 01:03:28,840
gone. 
What, too far many times. 

1253
01:03:28,840 --> 01:03:30,840
So there's nothing You can't put
this past him. 

1254
01:03:31,360 --> 01:03:35,120
But he said, OK, fine, I will 
grant your boon. 

1255
01:03:35,120 --> 01:03:38,880
But there's a condition only if 
she agrees to it. 

1256
01:03:38,880 --> 01:03:41,000
She has to agree. 
She has to, basically. 

1257
01:03:41,000 --> 01:03:42,200
But he didn't phrase it like 
that. 

1258
01:03:42,200 --> 01:03:45,200
He said she has to choose. 
Vespasia has to choose between 

1259
01:03:45,200 --> 01:03:48,360
me or Darius. 
What a loaded question. 

1260
01:03:48,360 --> 01:03:50,680
She is a lose, lose situation 
for her. 

1261
01:03:51,360 --> 01:03:54,960
So she's like, I don't know what
to do here. 

1262
01:03:55,080 --> 01:03:57,680
I guess I'll choose Darius 
because he's my future. 

1263
01:03:58,240 --> 01:03:59,760
Because Artaxerxes is older at 
this point. 

1264
01:03:59,760 --> 01:04:03,640
Artaxerxes is like in his 70s, 
so and durais is like 50, so 

1265
01:04:03,640 --> 01:04:06,520
he's not a young man either, but
still the future, more future 

1266
01:04:06,520 --> 01:04:10,240
there. 
So sheeps uses durais and and 

1267
01:04:10,240 --> 01:04:14,120
Xerxes is like our Xerxes like 
all right, fine, but he but it 

1268
01:04:14,880 --> 01:04:16,120
ate at him. 
He just didn't like it. 

1269
01:04:16,680 --> 01:04:20,400
So he pulled a jerk move as he's
won't to do. 

1270
01:04:21,840 --> 01:04:24,760
He was a big proponent of the 
Goddess Anahita. 

1271
01:04:24,760 --> 01:04:27,120
He was actually quite a builder.
We we didn't really talk about 

1272
01:04:27,120 --> 01:04:29,200
this much, but art desserts, 
he's actually built a lot of 

1273
01:04:29,200 --> 01:04:31,360
things. 
He was a big building project, a

1274
01:04:31,360 --> 01:04:34,480
guy, and a lot of his buildings 
are still there. 

1275
01:04:34,480 --> 01:04:37,200
Very important structures that 
he had built or restored are 

1276
01:04:37,200 --> 01:04:38,480
still there. 
And that's part of why we know a

1277
01:04:38,480 --> 01:04:41,000
lot about him. 
There's a lot of like artwork 

1278
01:04:41,000 --> 01:04:44,760
that says quite a bit, you know,
Stella's and carvings, things 

1279
01:04:44,760 --> 01:04:48,840
like that. 
So he was big on this particular

1280
01:04:49,360 --> 01:04:52,520
goddess, Anahita, who's like the
God of goddess of waters and 

1281
01:04:52,520 --> 01:04:56,240
stuff. 
So he's like, you know what, I'm

1282
01:04:56,240 --> 01:05:01,320
going to make Aspasia the high 
priest of Anahita, which is a 

1283
01:05:01,320 --> 01:05:06,000
position with strict celibacy. 
So she had to live on temple 

1284
01:05:06,000 --> 01:05:08,400
grounds in strict celibacy for 
the rest of her life. 

1285
01:05:08,720 --> 01:05:11,760
And Darius was mad about that, 
understandably. 

1286
01:05:12,400 --> 01:05:16,760
He would Stew and get angry, and
Tierra Bazis took notice. 

1287
01:05:16,760 --> 01:05:20,760
Tierra Bazis who lost, who was, 
had the old marriage offer 

1288
01:05:21,000 --> 01:05:23,680
rescinded. 
You know, he's like, maybe I've 

1289
01:05:23,680 --> 01:05:27,400
got a, maybe I've got an ally 
here, someone that's upset for 

1290
01:05:27,400 --> 01:05:30,080
similar reasons to me. 
So they start to talk. 

1291
01:05:30,720 --> 01:05:34,120
Nothing comes of it just yet, 
but give it a little time. 

1292
01:05:34,760 --> 01:05:39,040
By the way, there's a lot of 
people who believe the story of 

1293
01:05:39,040 --> 01:05:42,120
Aspasia is the seed for the 
story of Cinderella. 

1294
01:05:42,880 --> 01:05:46,920
How cool is that long a long, 
it's a long line of stories that

1295
01:05:46,920 --> 01:05:49,200
leads to that. 
But there's an, there's an 

1296
01:05:49,280 --> 01:05:51,280
academic tradition that believes
this. 

1297
01:05:51,280 --> 01:05:53,280
It's pretty cool. 
Not enough time for us to talk 

1298
01:05:53,280 --> 01:06:00,280
about today, but good thing to 
know we are very much reliant on

1299
01:06:00,280 --> 01:06:03,720
your support. 
We are a basically a two, 2 1/2 

1300
01:06:03,720 --> 01:06:07,280
person operation here and we 
aren't, you know, we're not part

1301
01:06:07,280 --> 01:06:10,160
of some big network or anything.
We're attached to different 

1302
01:06:10,160 --> 01:06:14,240
platforms and we do that, this 
and that, but we are basically 

1303
01:06:14,240 --> 01:06:16,280
independent. 
So we very much rely on your 

1304
01:06:16,280 --> 01:06:18,160
support and we appreciate your 
support. 

1305
01:06:18,160 --> 01:06:20,600
We do need it. 
So if you're looking for some 

1306
01:06:20,600 --> 01:06:22,520
extra episodes or you just want 
to help out, go to 

1307
01:06:22,520 --> 01:06:26,960
patreon.com/history of Westeros.
Find the support level that fits

1308
01:06:26,960 --> 01:06:31,560
your budget and your needs and 
enjoy your enjoy yourself, enjoy

1309
01:06:31,560 --> 01:06:33,360
your supporting of us and feel 
good about it. 

1310
01:06:33,640 --> 01:06:36,520
We'd be very appreciative and so
would the rest of our fandom 

1311
01:06:36,520 --> 01:06:38,920
because the more you guys 
support us, the more we can do. 

1312
01:06:39,440 --> 01:06:42,640
Another thing you can do is go 
to our website and shop through 

1313
01:06:42,640 --> 01:06:44,400
our links there. 
The most important 1 is probably

1314
01:06:44,400 --> 01:06:46,280
the Amazon one. 
Especially this time of year, 

1315
01:06:46,520 --> 01:06:49,040
it's pretty convenient way to do
Christmas shopping. 

1316
01:06:49,480 --> 01:06:52,000
Avoid a lot of the big crowds. 
Get some deals, have things 

1317
01:06:52,000 --> 01:06:54,920
shipped directly to your house. 
It's fun to go out and shop but 

1318
01:06:55,560 --> 01:06:56,920
can't do all your shopping that 
way. 

1319
01:06:56,920 --> 01:06:59,760
Get some things from Amazon 
through our website and make 

1320
01:06:59,760 --> 01:07:01,520
your shopping holiday shopping a
little bit easier. 

1321
01:07:01,840 --> 01:07:04,320
Save a little time. 
Is it a little confusing to hear

1322
01:07:04,320 --> 01:07:08,560
the term Thespii, the city, 
because it's nothing to do with 

1323
01:07:08,560 --> 01:07:11,080
the term thespian, even though 
it sounds almost identical? 

1324
01:07:11,560 --> 01:07:15,440
There was a guy before this, 
before this era we're discussing

1325
01:07:15,440 --> 01:07:17,840
called Sepsis. 
Not to be confused with Sepsis, 

1326
01:07:17,840 --> 01:07:19,040
that was his sister. 
No, just kidding. 

1327
01:07:20,280 --> 01:07:23,640
Sepsis was the first actor in a 
written play. 

1328
01:07:24,160 --> 01:07:27,880
He may have invented touring for
artists, musicians, you know, 

1329
01:07:27,880 --> 01:07:30,240
like touring in different cities
and doing, he may have been the 

1330
01:07:30,240 --> 01:07:32,680
first guy to do that. 
This series that we're 

1331
01:07:32,680 --> 01:07:36,640
discussing this entire Greek 
series and into the later parts,

1332
01:07:36,680 --> 01:07:39,200
the the second series that we'll
do in 2026. 

1333
01:07:40,240 --> 01:07:43,240
There's a lot of omens, right? 
We saw that especially last 

1334
01:07:43,240 --> 01:07:46,120
episode with the the way the 
Thebans took the different 

1335
01:07:46,120 --> 01:07:48,080
things that were happening as 
they were moving towards 

1336
01:07:48,200 --> 01:07:50,600
liberating their city. 
And these interpretations could 

1337
01:07:50,600 --> 01:07:52,480
turn on a dime like, oh, this is
a terrible omen. 

1338
01:07:52,720 --> 01:07:56,320
Oh, wait, that little detail, 
It's a great omen, you know, or 

1339
01:07:56,320 --> 01:07:57,520
here's a different 
interpretation. 

1340
01:07:57,560 --> 01:07:58,760
It's like there's nothing that 
changes. 

1341
01:07:58,760 --> 01:08:00,600
There's two different people 
interpreting it differently. 

1342
01:08:01,240 --> 01:08:04,760
It's kind of fascinating even in
A at the same time being kind of

1343
01:08:04,760 --> 01:08:08,720
weird, you know, like, how do 
they don't they see how in how 

1344
01:08:09,000 --> 01:08:12,000
inconsistent this is, how 
shifting ground this is? 

1345
01:08:12,440 --> 01:08:13,800
Yeah. 
And there were some ancient 

1346
01:08:13,800 --> 01:08:16,800
Greeks that definitely toyed 
with atheism because it didn't 

1347
01:08:16,800 --> 01:08:19,640
make sense to them either. 
But for the most part, you're 

1348
01:08:19,640 --> 01:08:24,080
not going to see much of that. 
We continue to see things that, 

1349
01:08:24,160 --> 01:08:26,960
well, it's life, isn't it? 
Things that still happen now in 

1350
01:08:26,960 --> 01:08:29,640
2025, you know, like people 
reacting. 

1351
01:08:29,640 --> 01:08:32,720
There's still superstitions all 
over the world today, people, 

1352
01:08:33,399 --> 01:08:36,760
not as many things that people 
look at as omens, but to a 

1353
01:08:36,760 --> 01:08:38,960
lesser extent they do. 
They just don't call them omens.

1354
01:08:38,960 --> 01:08:42,720
You know, people talk about 
things like karma and things 

1355
01:08:42,720 --> 01:08:47,000
that are meant to be, you know, 
like Destiny or This happened 

1356
01:08:47,000 --> 01:08:50,160
for a reason. 
That's kind of a similar 

1357
01:08:50,160 --> 01:08:54,200
concept. 
So these are things that humans 

1358
01:08:54,200 --> 01:08:57,439
have been doing forever since 
the beginning of time. 

1359
01:08:58,080 --> 01:09:01,960
It's very neat to see what those
versions, their version of that 

1360
01:09:01,960 --> 01:09:04,479
was like and compare it to ours 
because, yeah, like I just said,

1361
01:09:04,960 --> 01:09:08,200
we still have it. 
It's just spoken up differently.

1362
01:09:08,200 --> 01:09:09,680
We have a little bit different 
information. 

1363
01:09:09,680 --> 01:09:12,760
There's things we know better, 
but there's still so many things

1364
01:09:12,760 --> 01:09:15,439
we don't know. 
So this is this is pretty neat. 

1365
01:09:15,439 --> 01:09:19,040
These are things that they 
weren't written about and thus 

1366
01:09:19,040 --> 01:09:23,479
passed down in smaller numbers 
rather than just knowledge held 

1367
01:09:23,479 --> 01:09:26,200
by a whole society for 
generations, if not centuries, 

1368
01:09:26,200 --> 01:09:29,200
right? 
This is, these are widespread 

1369
01:09:29,200 --> 01:09:32,080
beliefs of the era. 
The war sits at the center of 

1370
01:09:32,080 --> 01:09:34,520
all this. 
Of course, war is the major 

1371
01:09:34,520 --> 01:09:36,080
driving factor for so much of 
it. 

1372
01:09:37,160 --> 01:09:39,319
When war is happening, it tends 
to dominate all other 

1373
01:09:39,319 --> 01:09:42,479
considerations, after all. 
But we're not only focused on 

1374
01:09:42,479 --> 01:09:45,200
that element. 
We, we, I, I like to insert as 

1375
01:09:45,200 --> 01:09:47,680
much as I can here. 
That is something other than 

1376
01:09:47,680 --> 01:09:51,200
war. 376. 
It's a neat year for the 

1377
01:09:51,200 --> 01:09:54,680
Olympiad because the first ever 
Olympiad was 776. 

1378
01:09:54,840 --> 01:09:58,880
So this is the 101st Olympiad. 
So it's the 100 years prior or 

1379
01:09:59,360 --> 01:10:03,000
400 years prior was the first 
one. 100 years prior was the 

1380
01:10:03,000 --> 01:10:05,840
76th Olympiad. 
The a man named Theogenes of 

1381
01:10:05,840 --> 01:10:09,080
Fasos was the most famous 
athlete of his time and long 

1382
01:10:09,080 --> 01:10:12,360
before or after. 
It kind of depends on how you 

1383
01:10:12,360 --> 01:10:18,960
count it, but by a few different
ways of counting it, Theogenes 

1384
01:10:18,960 --> 01:10:23,800
of Fasos wasn't eclipsed by an 
Olympic athlete until Michael 

1385
01:10:23,800 --> 01:10:27,120
Phelps. 
Who the amazing swimmer who 

1386
01:10:27,120 --> 01:10:30,040
dominated what, 15 years ago was
that Maybe 20? 

1387
01:10:30,040 --> 01:10:35,200
I don't remember exactly, but 
this guy's records stood for 

1388
01:10:36,000 --> 01:10:39,960
2728 hundred years. 
What? 

1389
01:10:41,200 --> 01:10:45,600
That's an athlete y'all? 
In the same year of this 101st 

1390
01:10:45,600 --> 01:10:49,080
Olympiad, Nectanabo the First 
entered his third year as 

1391
01:10:49,200 --> 01:10:53,000
pharaoh of Egypt. 
The Assyrian calendar entered 

1392
01:10:53,000 --> 01:10:58,560
its year 4375 and in China it 
was the year of the wood dragon 

1393
01:10:58,560 --> 01:11:01,360
and the wood snake. 
I believe the dragon is the male

1394
01:11:01,360 --> 01:11:03,800
and the snake is the female. 
I'm maybe I have it backwards, 

1395
01:11:03,800 --> 01:11:06,840
but either way that's what's a 
little tidbit from China. 

1396
01:11:06,840 --> 01:11:09,880
On the other side of the world 
at the actual Olympia on the 

1397
01:11:09,880 --> 01:11:14,080
naked Sprint was won by Damon of
Thoryi Boxing by Lab Axe of 

1398
01:11:14,080 --> 01:11:16,400
Leprion. 
What a great name Lab Axe of 

1399
01:11:16,400 --> 01:11:19,640
Leprion. 
Very, very alliterative and his 

1400
01:11:19,640 --> 01:11:22,680
alliterativeness was matched by 
the boys boxing winner 

1401
01:11:22,680 --> 01:11:25,840
Criterodamus of Klytor. 
The pentathlon was won by 

1402
01:11:25,840 --> 01:11:29,680
Stomios of Ellis. 
The pen creation was won by 

1403
01:11:29,680 --> 01:11:33,480
Stomios of Ellis. 
That's why he won the pentathlon

1404
01:11:33,480 --> 01:11:35,640
and the mixed martial arts 
event. 

1405
01:11:36,200 --> 01:11:41,360
Whoa again, what an athlete. 
However, yeah, this guy was also

1406
01:11:41,360 --> 01:11:45,080
a warrior. 
He won three times at the Nemean

1407
01:11:45,080 --> 01:11:47,800
Games. 
Nemean Lion, like a Hercules 

1408
01:11:47,800 --> 01:11:51,120
reference, Heracles reference. 
Similar to the Olympic Games but

1409
01:11:51,440 --> 01:11:55,840
came later. 
This guy once killed a general 

1410
01:11:55,840 --> 01:11:59,160
from Sikion in single combat. 
The guy challenged him. 

1411
01:11:59,160 --> 01:12:01,280
He was like, I want to fight 
you, Stomios of Ellis. 

1412
01:12:01,720 --> 01:12:03,240
And he's like, yeah, I'll fight 
you back. 

1413
01:12:03,240 --> 01:12:07,560
And he won. 
So in addition to Olympic glory,

1414
01:12:07,560 --> 01:12:10,720
this guy won glory in battle. 
And guess what he might have 

1415
01:12:10,720 --> 01:12:12,400
been doing? 
Not this guy, but the current 

1416
01:12:12,400 --> 01:12:17,200
winners like Lab Acts, 
Critidamus and maybe Stomios and

1417
01:12:17,200 --> 01:12:19,320
Damon. 
They probably at least one or 

1418
01:12:19,320 --> 01:12:21,160
two of them did the Chabrias 
pose. 

1419
01:12:21,160 --> 01:12:25,720
This was the Olympics right 
after the Addy's move that 

1420
01:12:25,720 --> 01:12:27,600
became mimified throughout 
Greece. 

1421
01:12:27,600 --> 01:12:31,000
So and as I told you at the 
time, especially Olympic 

1422
01:12:31,000 --> 01:12:33,440
victories who fought and who did
events that were more like 

1423
01:12:33,440 --> 01:12:35,960
fighting, like wrestling or 
pancreation would, would, were 

1424
01:12:35,960 --> 01:12:37,480
the most likely to adopt that 
pose. 

1425
01:12:37,480 --> 01:12:40,960
So some of the winners of this 
year's Olympics probably did the

1426
01:12:40,960 --> 01:12:43,760
tubrious pose for and their 
statues would have been seen 

1427
01:12:43,760 --> 01:12:47,920
like that for hundreds of years.
Here's a brief recap of where 

1428
01:12:47,920 --> 01:12:49,840
we've been so far. 
We started the series with the 

1429
01:12:49,840 --> 01:12:52,760
year 4 O 8. 
Now we're in. 370-6408 was 

1430
01:12:52,760 --> 01:12:56,320
Lysander's year as nave arc. 
It was 8 years before Adis 

1431
01:12:56,320 --> 01:12:59,120
Allowance becoming king. 
Four years before our Deserxes 

1432
01:12:59,120 --> 01:13:00,800
becoming king. 
Here we are. 

1433
01:13:01,000 --> 01:13:04,480
Like I said, 337632 years later 
both Adis Allowance and our 

1434
01:13:04,480 --> 01:13:07,960
Deserxes are still going. 
They could have had a showdown 

1435
01:13:07,960 --> 01:13:09,640
too, if not for those meddling 
kids. 

1436
01:13:09,800 --> 01:13:13,800
I mean, Siebens and Farnabas is 
the paymaster giving them lots 

1437
01:13:13,800 --> 01:13:17,320
of money and that's again, why 
it just allow US1 of many 

1438
01:13:17,320 --> 01:13:19,280
reasons why he hates Thebes. 
They stole his glory. 

1439
01:13:19,720 --> 01:13:21,960
They did all this other stuff 
and they don't they they eat and

1440
01:13:21,960 --> 01:13:23,440
drink. 
They like eating and drinking. 

1441
01:13:23,440 --> 01:13:25,680
You know, it's part is like, no,
you shouldn't do that. 

1442
01:13:25,680 --> 01:13:27,840
You shouldn't enjoy eating and 
drinking and you shouldn't love 

1443
01:13:27,840 --> 01:13:30,080
so much either. 
It's it's it's improper. 

1444
01:13:30,480 --> 01:13:33,680
So I don't know about you all, 
but it's pretty easy to side 

1445
01:13:33,680 --> 01:13:35,480
with Thebes on most of these 
things because they're just more

1446
01:13:35,480 --> 01:13:39,960
like us, you know, like Sparta 
is just so strict and 

1447
01:13:39,960 --> 01:13:43,560
militaristic and authoritative. 
And I don't know, I don't want 

1448
01:13:43,560 --> 01:13:46,040
to say good guys and bad guys, 
but it's just so easy to side 

1449
01:13:46,040 --> 01:13:50,080
with Thebes on so much of this, 
especially with these new 

1450
01:13:50,080 --> 01:13:52,760
figures that are arising. 
Some of them are just really 

1451
01:13:52,840 --> 01:13:55,480
compelling people that you kind 
of want to root for. 

1452
01:13:56,000 --> 01:13:58,560
Pelopodus and Impeminandas and 
Gorgodos, these guys, although 

1453
01:13:58,560 --> 01:14:01,960
maybe Gorgodos was older, it's 
not clear, but Cabrius as 

1454
01:14:01,960 --> 01:14:04,360
Athenian, a part of the youth 
movement, Climbrodus, the the 

1455
01:14:04,360 --> 01:14:07,000
Spartan king, different than it 
just allows. 

1456
01:14:07,640 --> 01:14:10,400
And this guy, Jason and Firai. 
Firai for the straight guy we're

1457
01:14:10,400 --> 01:14:13,160
going to talk about soon. 
The latest Athenian to come on 

1458
01:14:13,160 --> 01:14:18,200
the scene was Fokyon. 
He was born in four O 2 SO two 

1459
01:14:18,200 --> 01:14:20,520
years before it just last became
king two years after our 

1460
01:14:20,520 --> 01:14:25,600
deservesies He the that 27 year 
long Peloponnesian war ended in 

1461
01:14:25,600 --> 01:14:29,560
four O 4. 
This Fokyon was born right in 

1462
01:14:29,560 --> 01:14:33,360
the calamitous era, right after 
that failure, that big loss, 

1463
01:14:33,360 --> 01:14:38,560
the, the, he's part of that 
generation that stood in the 

1464
01:14:38,560 --> 01:14:41,280
shadow of their past generations
that had so much more power. 

1465
01:14:41,280 --> 01:14:43,480
So he he and his generation 
really wanted to help regain 

1466
01:14:43,480 --> 01:14:47,040
some of that, but he wasn't 
ambitious in the same kind of 

1467
01:14:47,040 --> 01:14:50,840
way he was a he had a lot of 
morals, he had a lot of ethics 

1468
01:14:51,120 --> 01:14:54,400
and he was very much like 
Stannis. 

1469
01:14:54,600 --> 01:14:58,760
I said Epaminondas is a bit like
Stannis, but maybe Epaminondas 

1470
01:14:58,760 --> 01:15:01,120
is more like corn half hand and 
Rhaegar with a little bit of 

1471
01:15:01,120 --> 01:15:03,480
Stannis. 
Focion is almost pure Stannis, 

1472
01:15:03,960 --> 01:15:07,200
which I will demonstrate via 
quote. 

1473
01:15:08,360 --> 01:15:14,000
Demosthenes once said to Fokyon 
that he might be killed someday 

1474
01:15:14,240 --> 01:15:18,960
if the people became irrational.
Fokyon responded. 

1475
01:15:19,280 --> 01:15:23,040
Yes, however, they would kill 
you if they came to their 

1476
01:15:23,040 --> 01:15:27,160
senses. 
It's pretty good. 

1477
01:15:27,760 --> 01:15:30,080
He was an order a orator of 
sorts, but he didn't like 

1478
01:15:30,080 --> 01:15:33,880
orators. 
He he his existence was a push 

1479
01:15:33,880 --> 01:15:36,560
back against orators because he 
would try to do things like 

1480
01:15:36,560 --> 01:15:38,320
that. 
He would try to communicate a 

1481
01:15:38,320 --> 01:15:41,920
lot with one sentence, whereas 
the orators would just say so 

1482
01:15:41,920 --> 01:15:44,440
much. 
They would speak flowery, this 

1483
01:15:44,440 --> 01:15:49,280
convincing that reference this, 
this anecdote that all these 

1484
01:15:49,280 --> 01:15:51,800
different things to sway opinion
where fokey on just he didn't 

1485
01:15:51,800 --> 01:15:53,240
like that. 
He was like, no, just say what 

1486
01:15:53,240 --> 01:15:54,680
you mean. 
Be blunt. 

1487
01:15:54,680 --> 01:15:58,320
Let people decide on the basis 
of facts only, no persuasion 

1488
01:15:58,880 --> 01:16:03,000
that he was blunt and efficient 
and made a point of it to push 

1489
01:16:03,000 --> 01:16:04,920
back against the current trend 
of orations. 

1490
01:16:05,040 --> 01:16:07,360
Now this, at this period, he's 
only 20 years old. 

1491
01:16:07,880 --> 01:16:12,120
So he's already like a kind of 
acts like an old man, like a 

1492
01:16:12,120 --> 01:16:14,560
stodgy old man, a get off my 
lawn kind of guy. 

1493
01:16:15,360 --> 01:16:17,160
But he's, of course, he's 
already in the military, already

1494
01:16:17,160 --> 01:16:19,760
serving, already trying to help 
Athens restore their glory. 

1495
01:16:20,040 --> 01:16:25,080
His grandfather, another folky 
on was a commander of a ship in 

1496
01:16:25,080 --> 01:16:26,560
the Peloponnesian War, was 
killed in action. 

1497
01:16:27,120 --> 01:16:29,120
This guy was also a pupil of 
Plato. 

1498
01:16:29,560 --> 01:16:32,560
Yeah, that's pretty cool. 
Fokyon, pupil of Plato. 

1499
01:16:32,600 --> 01:16:35,600
He was also a friend of the 
famous philosopher Xenocrates. 

1500
01:16:36,080 --> 01:16:38,840
Another couple of quotes from 
Fokyon, just because he's so 

1501
01:16:38,840 --> 01:16:41,080
good. 
Remember that comment that 

1502
01:16:41,080 --> 01:16:45,640
Stannis made about Robert and. 
And how, like, Robert could piss

1503
01:16:45,640 --> 01:16:48,240
in a cup and everybody would 
praise the vintage? 

1504
01:16:48,240 --> 01:16:52,120
I give them clean water and they
sniff at it and stare at it in 

1505
01:16:52,120 --> 01:16:53,680
suspicion. 
He's this. 

1506
01:16:53,680 --> 01:16:56,920
He's lamenting how it's the 
truth doesn't matter. 

1507
01:16:56,920 --> 01:16:59,560
These people, they care more 
about who the message who the 

1508
01:16:59,560 --> 01:17:02,280
words come from. 
That is a bigger bellwether to 

1509
01:17:02,280 --> 01:17:05,800
them on truth than the the the 
words being spoken and the the 

1510
01:17:05,800 --> 01:17:08,280
facts, the data, whatever backs 
it up that whatever evidence 

1511
01:17:08,280 --> 01:17:12,160
there is so fokey on's 
equivalent comment here is my 

1512
01:17:12,160 --> 01:17:15,920
frown never yet made any of you 
sad, but these jolly men have 

1513
01:17:15,920 --> 01:17:18,040
given you plenty of sorrow, 
right. 

1514
01:17:18,120 --> 01:17:23,400
So he's saying his, you know, 
attitude, his toughness, his 

1515
01:17:23,720 --> 01:17:28,760
bluntness. 
Yeah, it might upset you, but 

1516
01:17:28,760 --> 01:17:31,280
it's not going to cause real 
problems in your life. 

1517
01:17:31,280 --> 01:17:34,880
But these happy, positive 
orators, they've LED us to 

1518
01:17:34,880 --> 01:17:37,840
calamity. 
You know, they're happy, but 

1519
01:17:37,840 --> 01:17:40,640
that doesn't mean that their 
results have been good. 

1520
01:17:40,640 --> 01:17:44,400
Don't fool yourself like that. 
At another time there was a man 

1521
01:17:44,400 --> 01:17:49,000
who was speaking to the crowds 
and he was trying to play humble

1522
01:17:49,000 --> 01:17:50,560
like, you know, no, but I'm a 
humble man. 

1523
01:17:50,560 --> 01:17:53,160
I'm a humble man. 
And Focion said, don't be so 

1524
01:17:53,160 --> 01:17:54,480
humble. 
You're not that great. 

1525
01:17:54,480 --> 01:17:57,200
It's like I'll only someone 
who's really great should be 

1526
01:17:57,200 --> 01:17:59,920
that has caused to act humble. 
It's like you're not actually 

1527
01:17:59,920 --> 01:18:02,640
that great. 
Though another time the crowd, 

1528
01:18:02,640 --> 01:18:05,880
he said something in the crowd 
cheered him and he doesn't like 

1529
01:18:05,880 --> 01:18:07,200
it. 
He's like that must be I must 

1530
01:18:07,200 --> 01:18:09,240
have said. 
He said, have I unwittingly said

1531
01:18:09,240 --> 01:18:12,320
something vile because he 
couldn't understand why the 

1532
01:18:12,320 --> 01:18:13,320
crowd? 
He's like, if the crowd is 

1533
01:18:13,320 --> 01:18:16,600
cheering me, I must have said 
something awful because if I've 

1534
01:18:16,600 --> 01:18:20,960
gotten popular acclaim, like, he
associates popular claim with 

1535
01:18:20,960 --> 01:18:22,600
negativity. 
So yeah. 

1536
01:18:23,240 --> 01:18:26,840
So he's going to be a part of 
our story for a while as both a 

1537
01:18:26,880 --> 01:18:30,880
speaker and a soldier, such as 
our next event, the Battle of 

1538
01:18:30,960 --> 01:18:33,600
Naxos. 
Now, at this point, remember, 

1539
01:18:33,600 --> 01:18:36,800
Athens wasn't actually trying 
that hard to beat Sparta. 

1540
01:18:36,920 --> 01:18:41,640
After two years of helping 
Thebes fight off Sparta, they 

1541
01:18:41,640 --> 01:18:43,520
didn't really get much out of 
it. 

1542
01:18:44,480 --> 01:18:46,720
They were. 
So they became more concerned 

1543
01:18:46,720 --> 01:18:51,120
with not so much as helping 
beating Sparta, but not letting 

1544
01:18:51,120 --> 01:18:54,280
Sparta beat Thebes so they could
maintain that balance of power. 

1545
01:18:54,880 --> 01:18:58,640
Partly because if Sparta's 
fighting Thebes on land, that 

1546
01:18:58,640 --> 01:19:02,320
frees them up to go back to 
their maritime power and try to 

1547
01:19:02,800 --> 01:19:05,640
bring back their empire over the
Aegean in the Mediterranean, 

1548
01:19:06,440 --> 01:19:08,040
which would bring them back to 
dominance. 

1549
01:19:08,680 --> 01:19:11,600
So, and again, remember, they're
still trying to tell people 

1550
01:19:11,600 --> 01:19:13,440
that, hey, yeah, we're we're 
going to be allies this time. 

1551
01:19:13,440 --> 01:19:17,320
We're not going to dominate you.
Sparta saw this coming though. 

1552
01:19:17,320 --> 01:19:20,400
They, they sussed us all out. 
They're like, MMM, Athens is 

1553
01:19:20,400 --> 01:19:24,040
just going to try to re 
establish their empire while 

1554
01:19:24,040 --> 01:19:25,520
we're slogging it out with 
Thebes. 

1555
01:19:25,520 --> 01:19:28,160
They're going to go over there. 
MMM, we got to, we're going to 

1556
01:19:28,160 --> 01:19:30,600
have to stop that. 
So they attempted to repeat one 

1557
01:19:30,600 --> 01:19:33,760
of Lysander's strategies. 
They deployed the Admiral Paulus

1558
01:19:34,160 --> 01:19:38,880
with 60 ships to repeat the 
Entalcitus plan, which was to go

1559
01:19:38,880 --> 01:19:41,200
send these ships to the Black 
Sea and stop the grain 

1560
01:19:41,200 --> 01:19:43,240
shipments, cut Athens off from 
its grain supply. 

1561
01:19:43,240 --> 01:19:46,920
They have to import grain. 
So this was their plan to try to

1562
01:19:47,920 --> 01:19:51,480
mess up Athens. 
But Athens figured this out. 

1563
01:19:51,480 --> 01:19:54,800
They got wind of it either 
because they saw it coming, 

1564
01:19:54,800 --> 01:19:57,200
because it's an obvious enough 
counter strategy. 

1565
01:19:57,200 --> 01:19:59,360
They'd seen it happen already 
this, so they could see it 

1566
01:19:59,360 --> 01:20:03,400
coming the second time. 
So they sent out Cabrias with 84

1567
01:20:03,400 --> 01:20:06,360
triremes, 20,000 men and some 
siege engines. 

1568
01:20:06,720 --> 01:20:10,960
So he went out there. 
To the grain ships and escorted 

1569
01:20:10,960 --> 01:20:13,960
them like aha, you're not going 
to get us like that brings the 

1570
01:20:13,960 --> 01:20:18,120
grain ships into Athens and so 
they're they bring they they're 

1571
01:20:18,120 --> 01:20:22,320
brought in UN unmolested. 
The food got there and but he's 

1572
01:20:22,320 --> 01:20:24,720
still got the ships. 
So he goes over to Naxos, which 

1573
01:20:24,720 --> 01:20:29,600
was a island that's pro Spartan.
Naxos is in the middle of the 

1574
01:20:29,600 --> 01:20:30,840
Aegean. 
It's like near really near the 

1575
01:20:30,840 --> 01:20:34,560
center. 
Legend says Zeus himself was 

1576
01:20:34,560 --> 01:20:40,040
raised in a cave on Naxos and 
it's the place that Theseus 

1577
01:20:40,440 --> 01:20:43,080
abandoned Ariadne. 
If you're familiar with your 

1578
01:20:43,400 --> 01:20:46,120
story of Theseus. 
By the way, if you want to read 

1579
01:20:46,120 --> 01:20:48,400
a fictionalized version of the 
story of Theseus, I highly 

1580
01:20:48,400 --> 01:20:53,600
recommend The King Must Die by 
Mary Renault and the sequel The 

1581
01:20:53,600 --> 01:20:56,400
Bull from the Sea. 
Both books life of Theseus super

1582
01:20:56,400 --> 01:21:01,200
interesting her her imagination 
of the ancient world is really 

1583
01:21:01,360 --> 01:21:04,240
unparalleled. 
So Paulus arrived anyway. 

1584
01:21:04,240 --> 01:21:05,840
He was like he arrived to 
interfere with the siege. 

1585
01:21:05,840 --> 01:21:09,960
He couldn't stop the grain ships
so he decided to attack 

1586
01:21:10,360 --> 01:21:13,040
Cabrias's fleet so that way 
maybe they could get the grain 

1587
01:21:13,040 --> 01:21:16,040
ships next time or something. 
Just try to establish dominance 

1588
01:21:16,040 --> 01:21:19,200
one way or the other. 
So the two navies face each 

1589
01:21:19,200 --> 01:21:24,960
other about 3 miles apart and as
they got closer it there was 

1590
01:21:25,280 --> 01:21:27,080
something became apparent to the
Spartans. 

1591
01:21:27,400 --> 01:21:30,920
Cabrias was using trickery as 
was his want. 

1592
01:21:31,280 --> 01:21:36,640
He against tradition ordered all
his ships to remove insignias. 

1593
01:21:36,640 --> 01:21:38,600
It's like basically going into 
battle without sigils. 

1594
01:21:38,600 --> 01:21:41,760
He's like, hey all you guys 
imagine about a Westerosi 

1595
01:21:41,760 --> 01:21:43,160
battle. 
He's like none, take all your 

1596
01:21:43,160 --> 01:21:45,200
badges off. 
None of you are wearing any of 

1597
01:21:45,200 --> 01:21:47,440
your clothes that indicate what 
house you came from. 

1598
01:21:48,280 --> 01:21:52,080
And so the Spartans, this threw 
the Spartans into confusion 

1599
01:21:52,280 --> 01:21:54,480
because they didn't know who 
were the allied ships. 

1600
01:21:54,480 --> 01:21:57,000
They didn't know which were the 
Athenian ships and that mattered

1601
01:21:57,000 --> 01:22:01,040
to them because of they really 
wanted to hit Athens the most. 

1602
01:22:01,480 --> 01:22:05,360
And well, so they that was 
affected their morale a little 

1603
01:22:05,360 --> 01:22:06,360
bit. 
They didn't quite know what to 

1604
01:22:06,360 --> 01:22:07,680
do. 
It gave them gave Cabrios a 

1605
01:22:07,680 --> 01:22:11,880
little bit of an advantage. 
So it's kind of like a phalanx 

1606
01:22:11,880 --> 01:22:14,440
battle where you have the right 
facing the right and the left 

1607
01:22:14,440 --> 01:22:17,120
facing the left where the the 
strongest guys in the right 

1608
01:22:17,120 --> 01:22:19,280
side, right side, my right here,
you're right here. 

1609
01:22:19,680 --> 01:22:24,600
And Paulus overwhelmed the 
Athenian left and killed the 

1610
01:22:25,160 --> 01:22:28,880
squadron commander over there. 
And Cabrios, sitting back 

1611
01:22:28,880 --> 01:22:33,760
watching the battle unfold, sees
the collapse of his left, sends 

1612
01:22:33,760 --> 01:22:38,240
his reserves, commanded by 
Focion to reinforce that part of

1613
01:22:38,240 --> 01:22:41,240
the battle. 
Now Focion did the job really 

1614
01:22:41,240 --> 01:22:43,160
well. 
Focion's 20 ships came over, 

1615
01:22:43,160 --> 01:22:47,480
restored the battle lines over 
there, and eventually the 

1616
01:22:47,520 --> 01:22:53,160
Athenians won. 
The Spartan fleet retreated as 

1617
01:22:53,280 --> 01:22:58,000
Cabrios, despite how confident 
he was, he did not pursue them, 

1618
01:22:58,000 --> 01:22:59,760
even though he could have done 
serious damage. 

1619
01:22:59,760 --> 01:23:03,040
Because again, recovering the 
bodies, you got to recover the 

1620
01:23:03,040 --> 01:23:05,800
bodies. 
You got to, Even though it 

1621
01:23:06,640 --> 01:23:11,200
sacrificed A distinct military 
advantage, collecting the bodies

1622
01:23:11,200 --> 01:23:12,560
of the slain is just that 
important. 

1623
01:23:12,840 --> 01:23:16,840
Remember, way back in the 
Peloponnesian War, I think I 

1624
01:23:16,840 --> 01:23:19,360
told you all this, there was a 
famous battle that Athens won, 

1625
01:23:19,360 --> 01:23:22,120
but there was a storm about to 
come, so they had to leave, 

1626
01:23:22,440 --> 01:23:24,040
which meant leaving the bodies 
behind. 

1627
01:23:24,480 --> 01:23:27,320
So even though Athens won this 
big war, and they've been this 

1628
01:23:27,320 --> 01:23:29,760
big battle, and they had, the 
war had been raging for decades,

1629
01:23:30,320 --> 01:23:33,440
they were so mad about the not 
collecting the bodies that they 

1630
01:23:33,440 --> 01:23:36,960
executed all the generals. 
What? 

1631
01:23:36,960 --> 01:23:39,280
Yeah. 
So Cabreras was clearly worried 

1632
01:23:39,280 --> 01:23:42,120
about that. 
But this is also a really big 

1633
01:23:42,120 --> 01:23:47,360
deal because this is the first 
battle Athens won at sea with 

1634
01:23:47,360 --> 01:23:50,280
their own ships since the 
Peloponnesian War. 

1635
01:23:50,360 --> 01:23:52,440
They'd won other sea battles 
since then, but those were 

1636
01:23:52,440 --> 01:23:54,520
Persian ships or Persian funded 
ships. 

1637
01:23:54,520 --> 01:23:57,760
This is their own ships that 
they built with their own crews 

1638
01:23:57,760 --> 01:24:01,800
with their own money. 
So that gave them a boost in 

1639
01:24:01,800 --> 01:24:04,320
terms of city pride. 
Like, all right, we are 

1640
01:24:04,320 --> 01:24:06,200
restoring our strength. 
We beat Sparta. 

1641
01:24:06,960 --> 01:24:08,280
We did our job. 
We got this. 

1642
01:24:08,520 --> 01:24:11,000
Two young commanders doing 
really well. 

1643
01:24:11,680 --> 01:24:13,440
We're we're we're getting back 
in the swing of things. 

1644
01:24:14,200 --> 01:24:17,440
This somewhat restored there was
supremacy in the Aegean 

1645
01:24:17,440 --> 01:24:19,440
certainly put the Aegean on 
notice. 

1646
01:24:19,840 --> 01:24:23,280
Persia took note again, lots of 
things happen now. 

1647
01:24:23,280 --> 01:24:26,920
This is the this battle happened
on the same day as the 

1648
01:24:26,920 --> 01:24:30,240
Illusinian mysteries, which is 
quote the most famous of the 

1649
01:24:30,240 --> 01:24:32,240
secret religious rites of 
ancient Greece. 

1650
01:24:32,520 --> 01:24:34,880
It's a cult of Demeter and 
Persephone. 

1651
01:24:35,560 --> 01:24:37,480
Persephone was kidnapped by 
Hades. 

1652
01:24:37,760 --> 01:24:43,480
If you recall your myths and 
Persephone's, this was resolved 

1653
01:24:43,920 --> 01:24:48,280
by Persephone has to spend half 
the year in Hades living with 

1654
01:24:48,280 --> 01:24:49,960
him and the other half above 
ground. 

1655
01:24:50,320 --> 01:24:53,000
That's why we have seasons 
according to the myths, right? 

1656
01:24:53,000 --> 01:24:56,520
Winter and autumn or when 
Persephone is in Hades or with 

1657
01:24:56,520 --> 01:24:59,360
Hades down in the underworld and
when spring and summer come when

1658
01:24:59,360 --> 01:25:03,160
she's above ground. 
So that's interesting and it 

1659
01:25:03,160 --> 01:25:05,800
would have certainly given the 
Athenians even more like 

1660
01:25:06,240 --> 01:25:08,320
additional like the gods are on 
our side. 

1661
01:25:08,320 --> 01:25:10,720
This happens on the same day as 
this really important ritual 

1662
01:25:10,720 --> 01:25:13,840
rites, whatever. 
So that's good for their their 

1663
01:25:13,840 --> 01:25:16,160
morale. 
And they were so pleased. 

1664
01:25:16,360 --> 01:25:20,440
Cabrias was awarded exemption 
from liturgies. 

1665
01:25:20,600 --> 01:25:22,680
What does that mean? 
And his descendants? 

1666
01:25:22,680 --> 01:25:25,080
Cabrias and his descendants 
granted exemption from the 

1667
01:25:25,080 --> 01:25:25,920
liturgies. 
What does that mean? 

1668
01:25:25,920 --> 01:25:28,880
Well, rich people are supposed 
to pay taxes for certain 

1669
01:25:28,880 --> 01:25:31,560
religious feat processions and 
other stuff. 

1670
01:25:32,200 --> 01:25:34,400
It's basically a tax break. 
Let's just keep it simple. 

1671
01:25:34,480 --> 01:25:39,880
Tax break and his descendants. 
But Cabrias was such a a big 

1672
01:25:39,880 --> 01:25:42,680
spender. 
He's a rich guy that loved to 

1673
01:25:42,680 --> 01:25:45,360
flaunt his wealth and spend. 
So he's like, Nah, I don't need 

1674
01:25:45,360 --> 01:25:47,360
to be exempt. 
Oh, I'm going to keep spending 

1675
01:25:47,360 --> 01:25:49,560
money on stuff and getting 
credit for it. 

1676
01:25:49,760 --> 01:25:56,600
So what you have here is Cabrias
brilliantly talented, flaunts 

1677
01:25:56,600 --> 01:26:00,120
his wealth, you know, very 
outward, you know, extroverted 

1678
01:26:00,120 --> 01:26:05,120
guy Fokey on working for him. 
They're really like an ice and 

1679
01:26:05,120 --> 01:26:07,560
fire combo. 
Cabrias is the, you know, fiery 

1680
01:26:07,560 --> 01:26:10,560
and all over the place, but very
talented Fokyon, very talented 

1681
01:26:10,560 --> 01:26:13,000
dude, but very calm and 
collected and and and kind of 

1682
01:26:13,000 --> 01:26:15,280
icy demeanor. 
Make a good pair, make a good 

1683
01:26:15,280 --> 01:26:16,840
team. 
Even though Cabrias is in 

1684
01:26:16,840 --> 01:26:19,600
charge, he's not that much older
than Fokyon now. 

1685
01:26:20,200 --> 01:26:25,160
Meanwhile, Thebes has 
capitalized on just allows his 

1686
01:26:25,320 --> 01:26:32,120
not terribly effective invasions
and their win over Foibidas. 

1687
01:26:32,600 --> 01:26:37,320
Very gradually they started 
getting rid of all the different

1688
01:26:37,320 --> 01:26:39,880
Spartan garrisons in their 
territories one by one. 

1689
01:26:39,880 --> 01:26:42,720
In Boesha, they got rid of all 
the Spartan garrisons and 

1690
01:26:42,720 --> 01:26:45,440
replaced them with native 
garrisons. 

1691
01:26:45,720 --> 01:26:46,840
Thespi. 
Yep. 

1692
01:26:46,920 --> 01:26:50,880
Also Tanagra, where they slew a 
guy called Pantheidis and 

1693
01:26:50,880 --> 01:26:52,240
Platea. 
They just destroyed it and 

1694
01:26:52,240 --> 01:26:53,360
they're like Nah, screw this 
town. 

1695
01:26:53,360 --> 01:26:55,680
We're we're sick of it. 
They burned it to the ground. 

1696
01:26:55,880 --> 01:27:00,560
Except a city called Orkomenis. 
Orkomenis was the last city in 

1697
01:27:00,560 --> 01:27:07,120
Boesha that was still Spartan. 
Palapadas was determined to fix 

1698
01:27:07,120 --> 01:27:11,560
that, to get that one city back.
Now he learned through his 

1699
01:27:12,080 --> 01:27:17,760
agents, his spies, that the 
Spartan Garrison at Orca Menes 

1700
01:27:17,760 --> 01:27:21,240
was about to leave and had to go
to Locris to do some fighting up

1701
01:27:21,240 --> 01:27:22,640
there. 
So he's like, oh, here's our 

1702
01:27:22,640 --> 01:27:25,560
chance. 
Let's attack the town right when

1703
01:27:25,560 --> 01:27:27,880
that Garrison is gone before 
they come back. 

1704
01:27:28,720 --> 01:27:30,720
And we'll probably get some help
from the locals. 

1705
01:27:30,720 --> 01:27:33,640
They'll probably rise up and and
help us because, well, they're 

1706
01:27:33,640 --> 01:27:35,800
Bohesians. 
They see which way the wind is 

1707
01:27:35,800 --> 01:27:36,920
blowing. 
They don't want Sparta ruling 

1708
01:27:36,920 --> 01:27:38,560
them. 
It's a reasonable plan. 

1709
01:27:39,120 --> 01:27:42,160
So he takes the Sacred Band, 
which is ironically the Garrison

1710
01:27:43,000 --> 01:27:46,640
of Thebes and some cavalry. 
So not a huge army, just enough 

1711
01:27:46,640 --> 01:27:50,320
to maybe accomplish this goal 
while there's no Spartan 

1712
01:27:50,320 --> 01:27:52,520
Garrison there. 
So they rush to Orca me as they 

1713
01:27:52,520 --> 01:27:56,720
go there as quick as they can 
and as they arrive, like, oops, 

1714
01:27:57,320 --> 01:27:59,520
another Garrison, Spartan 
Garrison arrived. 

1715
01:27:59,520 --> 01:28:03,720
So it wasn't actually a blind 
spot for Sparta. 

1716
01:28:03,720 --> 01:28:05,880
They didn't just send the 
Garrison away, leaving the city 

1717
01:28:05,880 --> 01:28:08,000
undefended. 
They spent the Garrison away and

1718
01:28:08,000 --> 01:28:10,560
replaced it with another one 
from the South. 

1719
01:28:10,560 --> 01:28:14,240
So Pelopitus is like, oops, our 
intelligence wasn't so 

1720
01:28:14,240 --> 01:28:18,880
intelligent. 
So he decides, let's just go 

1721
01:28:18,880 --> 01:28:20,800
back, let's get out of here. 
This isn't going to work. 

1722
01:28:21,160 --> 01:28:25,040
So they're walking back home and
on their way they run right into

1723
01:28:25,040 --> 01:28:28,520
the original army that they were
trying to attack or commit us 

1724
01:28:28,520 --> 01:28:30,600
while this army was gone. 
So the one that they were 

1725
01:28:30,600 --> 01:28:32,960
dodging, like, uh oh, we just 
ran into the army we were trying

1726
01:28:32,960 --> 01:28:37,760
to avoid. 2 Spartan Mora. 
That's their military 

1727
01:28:37,760 --> 01:28:39,440
distinction for this. 
It's kind of, again, it's kind 

1728
01:28:39,440 --> 01:28:40,920
of like a legion, but a 
different term. 

1729
01:28:41,120 --> 01:28:46,120
Anyway, one of them was led by 
Gorgolion, one by Theo Pompous. 

1730
01:28:46,760 --> 01:28:48,640
Looked like the secret band had 
outplayed themselves. 

1731
01:28:48,640 --> 01:28:53,960
It seemed a member of the band 
is supposed to have supposedly 

1732
01:28:54,080 --> 01:28:57,000
recognize this conundrum, this 
trap they had put themselves 

1733
01:28:57,000 --> 01:29:01,360
into and said quote. 
We are falling into our enemies 

1734
01:29:01,360 --> 01:29:07,520
hands, Palopitus responded. 
And why not they in two hours, 

1735
01:29:08,240 --> 01:29:11,320
battle was on. 
There's no way to avoid it. 

1736
01:29:11,920 --> 01:29:17,320
Palopitus was not scared despite
being outnumbered and facing the

1737
01:29:17,320 --> 01:29:22,760
Spartans, who still haven't been
beaten on land in centuries with

1738
01:29:22,840 --> 01:29:25,880
the full Spartan army. 
So this is the birth place of 

1739
01:29:25,880 --> 01:29:28,240
Apollo, by the way, this area, 
this region is right where this 

1740
01:29:28,240 --> 01:29:29,400
battle happened. 
It's called the Battle of 

1741
01:29:29,400 --> 01:29:30,720
Tajira. 
And yeah, that's where Apollo 

1742
01:29:30,720 --> 01:29:33,320
was supposedly born. 
So there's a little extra extra 

1743
01:29:33,320 --> 01:29:35,840
vibe there. 
A standard battle plan never 

1744
01:29:35,840 --> 01:29:39,560
going to work here, right? 
For for Palopitus, 1200 infantry

1745
01:29:39,560 --> 01:29:41,920
versus something like 3 or 400. 
Remember the Sacred Band is 

1746
01:29:41,920 --> 01:29:43,800
IS300 guys. 
And maybe they had a few extras,

1747
01:29:43,800 --> 01:29:47,920
but not much. 
Stevens did have some cavalry, 

1748
01:29:47,920 --> 01:29:50,440
as we said, and the Spartans 
probably had no cavalry because 

1749
01:29:50,440 --> 01:29:52,400
this is a Garrison, garrison's 
cavalry. 

1750
01:29:52,400 --> 01:29:53,960
You don't, that doesn't really 
usually happen. 

1751
01:29:54,160 --> 01:29:56,200
On the other hand, there's not a
lot of room to to maneuver. 

1752
01:29:56,200 --> 01:29:58,560
They're in a kind of in a 
mountain pass sort of situation 

1753
01:29:58,560 --> 01:30:02,400
here. 
So cavalry isn't at its most 

1754
01:30:02,400 --> 01:30:06,680
effective. 
So Palapidis, dynamic leader 

1755
01:30:06,680 --> 01:30:14,080
that he was, ordered his men to 
pack tight, tighter than normal.

1756
01:30:14,080 --> 01:30:16,280
Like you have a phalanx 
formation, like no, actually 

1757
01:30:16,280 --> 01:30:18,120
stand even closer together than 
normal. 

1758
01:30:18,120 --> 01:30:20,760
I want you to guys like elbow to
elbow, like you're touching the 

1759
01:30:20,760 --> 01:30:23,480
guy next to you. 
It may have looked to the 

1760
01:30:23,480 --> 01:30:25,440
Spartans like they were taking a
brave last stand. 

1761
01:30:25,440 --> 01:30:27,200
Like, all right, we're not going
to go down easy. 

1762
01:30:27,200 --> 01:30:29,560
We're going to get close and 
it's going to be really hard for

1763
01:30:29,560 --> 01:30:31,800
you to to kill us, But we're 
going to we're going to face 

1764
01:30:31,800 --> 01:30:32,720
you. 
You know, we're going to go down

1765
01:30:32,720 --> 01:30:35,360
fighting. 
So the Spartans advance. 

1766
01:30:35,360 --> 01:30:37,560
They're like, all right, we got 
1200 versus your 300. 

1767
01:30:37,560 --> 01:30:38,680
We're going to encircle you, 
right? 

1768
01:30:38,680 --> 01:30:42,920
We're going to get all our guys 
around you and then you're 

1769
01:30:42,920 --> 01:30:45,760
screwed. 
But Palapa, this is like, OK, I 

1770
01:30:45,760 --> 01:30:48,120
see you coming, spreading out to
get around us. 

1771
01:30:48,160 --> 01:30:51,560
So as soon as they spread out to
encircle them, he says charge, 

1772
01:30:51,680 --> 01:30:54,920
not just run, run as fast as 
possible. 

1773
01:30:55,120 --> 01:30:58,600
This was not a desperate plan. 
This is a man who found 

1774
01:30:58,600 --> 01:31:03,320
confidence in a tough spot to 
avoid encirclement. 

1775
01:31:03,520 --> 01:31:06,800
They didn't just charge this 
straight ahead to try to break 

1776
01:31:06,800 --> 01:31:08,520
free. 
No no no no no. 

1777
01:31:08,640 --> 01:31:11,560
They charged the Spartan left 
where the the leaders were, the 

1778
01:31:11,560 --> 01:31:15,320
2 sub, the two main commanders 
Gorgolian and Theo Pompous were,

1779
01:31:15,320 --> 01:31:18,920
plus all the lieutenants. 
The sub officers were right at 

1780
01:31:18,920 --> 01:31:20,760
them. 
So he didn't just try to get 

1781
01:31:20,760 --> 01:31:24,040
away, he went for the so-called 
head of the snake. 

1782
01:31:24,560 --> 01:31:26,960
Now this is a big deal. 
This is pretty clever because 

1783
01:31:26,960 --> 01:31:31,000
the Spartans are so military 
hierarchical, hierarchical 

1784
01:31:31,000 --> 01:31:35,160
defined that his idea was, well,
hey, if we can maybe take out 

1785
01:31:35,160 --> 01:31:39,200
the leaders, their army will 
descend into confusion and they 

1786
01:31:39,200 --> 01:31:41,240
won't, you know, their command 
structure will breakdown and 

1787
01:31:41,240 --> 01:31:43,320
they won't know what to do. 
And that'll give us a big 

1788
01:31:43,320 --> 01:31:47,720
advantage. 
So and he was not holding back. 

1789
01:31:47,720 --> 01:31:51,160
He put himself at the front. 
This is like a like a spearhead 

1790
01:31:51,160 --> 01:31:56,400
of wedge of dudes charging 
forward at a full run, just like

1791
01:31:56,400 --> 01:32:02,920
a with wild abandoned just going
at them going at the most 

1792
01:32:03,480 --> 01:32:09,400
intimidating fearsome army 1st 
that's been so for centuries. 

1793
01:32:10,040 --> 01:32:15,760
So this was very unexpected. 
The Spartans didn't expect to 

1794
01:32:15,760 --> 01:32:22,800
get charged by the smaller army,
and the Spartans were very 

1795
01:32:22,800 --> 01:32:25,360
surprised by this strategy and 
did not adapt to it. 

1796
01:32:26,040 --> 01:32:29,600
They were trying to attack the 
sides of the the sacred band, 

1797
01:32:29,600 --> 01:32:32,960
but meanwhile this sacred band 
is attacking the leaders of the 

1798
01:32:33,480 --> 01:32:37,720
much larger Spartan phalanx. 
It may have the Steven cavalry 

1799
01:32:37,720 --> 01:32:40,840
may have bought them some extra 
time by, you know, keeping the 

1800
01:32:40,840 --> 01:32:43,360
encirclement from being as quick
as it could have been. 

1801
01:32:44,200 --> 01:32:48,160
Either way they did it. 
They attacked the left. 

1802
01:32:48,440 --> 01:32:51,280
The surprise maneuver was they 
did not. 

1803
01:32:51,320 --> 01:32:55,040
The Spartans didn't adapt to it 
and Gorgolian and Theo Pompous 

1804
01:32:55,040 --> 01:32:56,880
and several sub commanders were 
killed. 

1805
01:32:57,280 --> 01:33:00,640
And this revealed a weakness in 
the Spartan authoritarian 

1806
01:33:00,640 --> 01:33:02,360
system. 
The soldiers, remember, we said 

1807
01:33:02,360 --> 01:33:04,760
these guys are like Unsullied. 
They're treated, their training 

1808
01:33:04,760 --> 01:33:07,200
is unbelievably brutal. 
They're taught not just to 

1809
01:33:07,200 --> 01:33:14,560
fight, but to accept death and 
do things that are immoral in 

1810
01:33:14,560 --> 01:33:17,160
order to win. 
You know, it's just, yeah, like 

1811
01:33:17,160 --> 01:33:19,400
the the whole puppy strangling 
thing from the from the 

1812
01:33:19,400 --> 01:33:21,400
unsullly. 
Just Spartans had to do similar 

1813
01:33:21,400 --> 01:33:24,440
things. 
So what, they're supposed to 

1814
01:33:24,440 --> 01:33:27,120
always follow their leaders, but
what happens when all the 

1815
01:33:27,120 --> 01:33:28,800
leaders are dead? 
No one's. 

1816
01:33:30,160 --> 01:33:31,920
They're waiting for orders that 
aren't going to come. 

1817
01:33:31,920 --> 01:33:33,920
They're not good at independent 
thinking. 

1818
01:33:33,920 --> 01:33:37,080
They're not good at thinking on 
the fly. 

1819
01:33:37,080 --> 01:33:38,840
This isn't where they where 
they've been trained. 

1820
01:33:39,400 --> 01:33:42,440
What happens when your 
commanders are too busy like 

1821
01:33:42,440 --> 01:33:46,000
fighting for their lives against
these these crack troops from 

1822
01:33:46,000 --> 01:33:48,160
the Thebans? 
What happens when they're dead? 

1823
01:33:48,480 --> 01:33:51,440
Well, that's what happened. 
They found out what happens when

1824
01:33:51,440 --> 01:33:53,720
your leaders are dead. 
Palopitus and the Sacred Band 

1825
01:33:53,720 --> 01:33:58,240
just press the advantage rather 
than killing the after killing 

1826
01:33:58,240 --> 01:34:00,200
the leaders. 
They didn't move on and escape. 

1827
01:34:00,720 --> 01:34:04,320
They've their phalanx broke 
outward and it kept attacking, 

1828
01:34:04,320 --> 01:34:09,000
just attacking, mowing down 
these confused, you know, 

1829
01:34:09,720 --> 01:34:13,640
absolutely starstruck, 
completely flummoxed. 

1830
01:34:13,640 --> 01:34:15,400
Like what? 
How can this happen? 

1831
01:34:15,720 --> 01:34:17,880
How can we be losing? 
What is going on? 

1832
01:34:17,880 --> 01:34:21,680
We outnumber them 4 to 1. 
So just like Cabrias, they 

1833
01:34:21,680 --> 01:34:24,960
couldn't pursue. 
The Spartans ran away from 4 

1834
01:34:24,960 --> 01:34:26,720
times more men and they ran away
because they were just so 

1835
01:34:26,720 --> 01:34:28,000
confused. 
They didn't know what to do. 

1836
01:34:28,760 --> 01:34:31,960
So they couldn't chase them very
far though, because Orca Menis 

1837
01:34:31,960 --> 01:34:34,280
was nearby and that other 
Garrison was there. 

1838
01:34:34,280 --> 01:34:36,680
So like, yeah, well, we, we beat
this group. 

1839
01:34:37,320 --> 01:34:40,120
We don't know if we could beat 
them if they were twice as large

1840
01:34:40,920 --> 01:34:43,000
now. 
So they would be feeling really 

1841
01:34:43,000 --> 01:34:44,880
good about this. 
They, the cavalry probably 

1842
01:34:45,040 --> 01:34:47,120
picked off some stragglers and 
then they went back home. 

1843
01:34:47,840 --> 01:34:49,400
Now, I don't know what happened 
to Gorgodas. 

1844
01:34:49,560 --> 01:34:54,240
Gorgodas was the commander of 
the Sacred Band just prior, 

1845
01:34:54,240 --> 01:34:55,840
right? 
He's the one who his men, his 

1846
01:34:55,840 --> 01:34:57,920
commands. 
They killed Forbidas, but at 

1847
01:34:57,920 --> 01:35:00,920
this point he just kind of 
disappears from the record. 

1848
01:35:00,920 --> 01:35:04,960
My I have two guesses. 
I think he went. 

1849
01:35:05,080 --> 01:35:07,080
My guess is he went back to 
being a cavalry commander 

1850
01:35:07,080 --> 01:35:09,480
because that's where he started 
as and the taker band is 

1851
01:35:09,480 --> 01:35:12,720
infantry and that he might have 
been needed there more. 

1852
01:35:12,720 --> 01:35:15,960
You know, he did his term as 
leader and they moved on. 

1853
01:35:16,600 --> 01:35:19,640
It could have also been that the
nature of the sacred Band was 

1854
01:35:19,640 --> 01:35:21,600
that you're, you know, you fight
beside your lover. 

1855
01:35:22,200 --> 01:35:26,680
Well, what happens if your lover
is dead or injured or doesn't 

1856
01:35:26,680 --> 01:35:29,200
exist? 
You aren't in the sacred band. 

1857
01:35:29,200 --> 01:35:31,800
We don't know how they handled 
things like that, but this, that

1858
01:35:31,800 --> 01:35:33,960
could be it. 
You know, he's you don't have a 

1859
01:35:33,960 --> 01:35:36,120
partner, so you don't really fit
in the group anymore. 

1860
01:35:36,960 --> 01:35:40,360
Now also a change that Palapados
made here that stuck was 

1861
01:35:40,360 --> 01:35:42,600
Gorgatas in that first 
encounter. 

1862
01:35:42,720 --> 01:35:46,440
He had the sacred bands spread 
out, stiffening the ranks 

1863
01:35:46,440 --> 01:35:48,880
throughout, giving confidence to
some guys here, some guys here, 

1864
01:35:48,880 --> 01:35:50,360
some guys here. 
And then Palapados said, no, 

1865
01:35:50,560 --> 01:35:53,560
actually this should be a single
unit that doesn't spread out, 

1866
01:35:53,560 --> 01:35:58,000
just the elite cracks squad, the
the stormtroopers of sort the 

1867
01:35:58,040 --> 01:36:01,600
shock troops, whereas the rest 
of the levees can still do their

1868
01:36:01,600 --> 01:36:02,760
thing. 
We can take the lead, but we 

1869
01:36:02,800 --> 01:36:04,720
don't want to be spread out. 
We're more effective when we're 

1870
01:36:05,120 --> 01:36:09,240
packed together. 
And here's another quote from 

1871
01:36:09,240 --> 01:36:11,480
Plutarch. 
He thought that brave men were 

1872
01:36:11,480 --> 01:36:14,720
most ardent and serviceable in a
common cause when they inspired 

1873
01:36:14,720 --> 01:36:16,760
one another with a zeal for high
achievement. 

1874
01:36:17,280 --> 01:36:20,200
And this is building on the idea
of the sacred Band saying, hey, 

1875
01:36:20,200 --> 01:36:22,800
yeah, they'll you fight better 
when you're standing next to 

1876
01:36:22,800 --> 01:36:24,640
your lover because that's the 
person you would least want to 

1877
01:36:24,640 --> 01:36:28,960
shame, most want to impress. 
And that's part of why having 

1878
01:36:28,960 --> 01:36:31,360
them all packed together adds to
that impact. 

1879
01:36:31,400 --> 01:36:36,360
That effects like a geometrical,
you know, growth of that 

1880
01:36:36,360 --> 01:36:39,240
concept. 
So this is really big deal. 

1881
01:36:39,520 --> 01:36:43,080
The idea that Sparta could be 
beaten on land was pretty 

1882
01:36:43,080 --> 01:36:46,840
shocking, but by a smaller army 
was just overwhelming. 

1883
01:36:46,840 --> 01:36:51,280
Like people, surely many people 
in Greece heard that and were 

1884
01:36:51,280 --> 01:36:53,960
like, Nah, that's that didn't 
happen. 

1885
01:36:54,000 --> 01:36:56,840
This is fake news, but it really
happened. 

1886
01:36:57,240 --> 01:37:02,200
The morale boost was enormous. 
Thebes had never, ever erected a

1887
01:37:02,480 --> 01:37:04,280
trophy against a full Spartan 
army. 

1888
01:37:04,280 --> 01:37:07,400
Now they did that against 
Forbidas, but that was mostly 

1889
01:37:07,440 --> 01:37:11,160
Thespian soldiers. 
It's one thing for Sparta to get

1890
01:37:12,240 --> 01:37:16,600
outspent or out intrigued or to 
lose on the sea, but to lose on 

1891
01:37:16,600 --> 01:37:20,080
land? 
That's the that was the one 

1892
01:37:20,080 --> 01:37:22,600
thing they could count on. 
They could not be beaten on 

1893
01:37:22,600 --> 01:37:25,600
land. 
This was a real change. 

1894
01:37:25,600 --> 01:37:29,400
The whole Greek world took 
notice and Sparta would be eager

1895
01:37:29,400 --> 01:37:32,400
to correct that views like, hey,
we got to get people back to 

1896
01:37:32,400 --> 01:37:34,360
thinking we can't be beaten. 
We got to do some, we got to get

1897
01:37:34,360 --> 01:37:37,560
some wins to, you know, bring 
this back around. 

1898
01:37:38,280 --> 01:37:42,400
But they just kept making small 
mistakes. 

1899
01:37:42,400 --> 01:37:44,000
Things kept not going well for 
them. 

1900
01:37:44,360 --> 01:37:48,040
You can kind of see maybe a 
little bit of problem from not 

1901
01:37:48,040 --> 01:37:50,600
having a disallow us available. 
The guys still bedridden from 

1902
01:37:50,600 --> 01:37:52,400
that nasty foot thing that 
happened. 

1903
01:37:52,400 --> 01:37:56,200
He's still hanging on. 
He's not dead, but he might die.

1904
01:37:56,200 --> 01:37:57,920
Like there's definitely worried 
that that could happen. 

1905
01:37:58,280 --> 01:38:01,720
So another incident happened 
that did not look good for 

1906
01:38:01,720 --> 01:38:04,520
Sparta and did look good for 
Athens. 

1907
01:38:04,520 --> 01:38:06,320
This doesn't have anything to do
with thieves in this case. 

1908
01:38:06,920 --> 01:38:11,560
Now there was there's an island 
off the coast of Athens called 

1909
01:38:11,560 --> 01:38:12,840
Uboa. 
It's pretty big. 

1910
01:38:12,880 --> 01:38:17,640
It's maybe like the size of Fair
Isle and it's a little similar 

1911
01:38:17,640 --> 01:38:22,240
to Fair Isle in some ways in 
which it's very nice place and 

1912
01:38:22,240 --> 01:38:26,120
it grows a lot of crops. 
It fulfills some of Athens's 

1913
01:38:26,440 --> 01:38:32,640
large food needs. 
So a Spartan named Alcitas had 

1914
01:38:32,640 --> 01:38:35,320
captured it and was in charge of
holding it. 

1915
01:38:36,120 --> 01:38:39,680
And he held the center fortress 
whatever with his men. 

1916
01:38:40,240 --> 01:38:44,800
But at night he would sneak out 
of the fortress to go see his 

1917
01:38:44,800 --> 01:38:48,080
boyfriend, some young man in 
Uboa that he liked. 

1918
01:38:48,320 --> 01:38:50,080
He had an affair with or had a 
tryst with that. 

1919
01:38:50,080 --> 01:38:53,800
An affair Cuz that makes it 
sound like it's he's doing 

1920
01:38:53,800 --> 01:38:55,240
something wrong. 
Well, he was doing something 

1921
01:38:55,240 --> 01:38:56,800
wrong, but the affair wasn't the
problem. 

1922
01:38:56,800 --> 01:38:59,920
It was he was shirking his duty 
as a military commander because 

1923
01:38:59,920 --> 01:39:01,800
while he one of these nights, 
while he went to go see his 

1924
01:39:01,800 --> 01:39:06,040
boyfriend, the Garrison, the 
locals revolted and seized the 

1925
01:39:06,040 --> 01:39:08,240
Fort. 
So he just ah, it looks real 

1926
01:39:08,240 --> 01:39:09,400
bad, doesn't it? 
You're supposed to be the 

1927
01:39:09,400 --> 01:39:12,360
Spartan commander. 
And why did you allow this to? 

1928
01:39:12,360 --> 01:39:14,720
Well, I was, I was hooking up 
with my boyfriend. 

1929
01:39:14,720 --> 01:39:17,680
Sorry. 
So, yeah, that's also 

1930
01:39:17,680 --> 01:39:20,240
embarrassing. 
So Sparta's embarrassments are 

1931
01:39:20,240 --> 01:39:27,600
mounting here. 
Let's take a diversion to the 

1932
01:39:27,600 --> 01:39:29,240
north. 
We've, I've been saying all 

1933
01:39:29,240 --> 01:39:31,560
along, I've been teasing this 
all along that the northern 

1934
01:39:31,560 --> 01:39:33,200
states are going to become a 
problem. 

1935
01:39:33,800 --> 01:39:36,160
So let's get to them a bit. 
Let's let's explain what's 

1936
01:39:36,160 --> 01:39:38,920
happening there and set them up.
There's some very fun stuff 

1937
01:39:38,920 --> 01:39:41,240
happening there. 
But first, a little extra update

1938
01:39:41,240 --> 01:39:43,680
on Persia. 
They're still slowly preparing 

1939
01:39:43,680 --> 01:39:47,560
that attack on Egypt, right? 
They're like, OK, got to get 

1940
01:39:47,600 --> 01:39:49,400
Egypt back, got to get Egypt 
back. 

1941
01:39:49,400 --> 01:39:51,360
But we're not going to move 
quickly on this. 

1942
01:39:51,760 --> 01:39:53,840
Like I said, we will. 
We'll get to that next episode. 

1943
01:39:54,480 --> 01:40:01,640
Meanwhile, Tierra Bassis he's 
upset that Artaxerxes reneged on

1944
01:40:01,640 --> 01:40:05,400
marrying his daughter Atosa 
right now, something that made 

1945
01:40:05,400 --> 01:40:08,440
all that worse. 
That yes, Tirabasis was offered 

1946
01:40:08,440 --> 01:40:11,440
a Tosa, Farnabasis was offered a
different daughter, and the 

1947
01:40:11,440 --> 01:40:13,040
third guy was offered a 
different daughter. 

1948
01:40:13,200 --> 01:40:16,360
Those two got to have their 
Persian princesses. 

1949
01:40:16,360 --> 01:40:17,880
No one. 
There was no reneging in their 

1950
01:40:17,880 --> 01:40:19,920
case. 
So he maybe felt a little 

1951
01:40:19,920 --> 01:40:23,720
singled out, right? 
So Artaxerxes gets around to 

1952
01:40:23,720 --> 01:40:26,320
making up up to Tirabasis, and 
even though Tirabasis is 

1953
01:40:26,320 --> 01:40:30,080
plotting with Darius, who was 
wronged in the issue of Aspasia,

1954
01:40:30,560 --> 01:40:34,360
Artuzerxes maybe sniffs this out
or gets wind of it, we don't 

1955
01:40:34,360 --> 01:40:36,040
know. 
But either way, Artuzerxes says 

1956
01:40:36,040 --> 01:40:38,960
OK, look, I'm sorry. 
I'll offer you my daughter a 

1957
01:40:38,960 --> 01:40:41,520
mestress instead. 
A different Princess, Still a 

1958
01:40:41,520 --> 01:40:45,240
royal Princess, still a daughter
of him and Satara, same lineage.

1959
01:40:46,040 --> 01:40:47,640
He wouldn't do it again, would 
he? 

1960
01:40:47,680 --> 01:40:49,560
He wouldn't renege a second 
time, would he? 

1961
01:40:50,160 --> 01:40:51,440
Yeah, he would. 
He did. 

1962
01:40:51,440 --> 01:40:54,360
He did it again. 
He offered Tear Bass as his 

1963
01:40:54,360 --> 01:40:58,920
daughter again changed his mind 
again, married her himself 

1964
01:40:59,000 --> 01:41:01,840
again. 
Most likely Parasatus pushed him

1965
01:41:01,840 --> 01:41:05,080
to it, but what the hell? 
Yeah, this really? 

1966
01:41:05,080 --> 01:41:07,360
Like I, this is Aegon the 
Unworthy, isn't it? 

1967
01:41:07,680 --> 01:41:12,600
With a mother who's like Visenya
the unworthy, just like like 

1968
01:41:12,600 --> 01:41:14,280
pushing him to do these things. 
It's crazy. 

1969
01:41:14,280 --> 01:41:16,440
It's like they have a whole team
anyway. 

1970
01:41:16,800 --> 01:41:19,640
So Tirabassus again goes to 
drys. 

1971
01:41:19,640 --> 01:41:22,320
Like, look, you're kidding me, 
right? 

1972
01:41:22,320 --> 01:41:25,040
Like, look what your father did 
to me. 

1973
01:41:25,720 --> 01:41:28,160
He promised you that he you're 
the heir, right? 

1974
01:41:28,160 --> 01:41:30,640
But can you trust this guy? 
Look what he did to me. 

1975
01:41:31,200 --> 01:41:34,920
What happens if he reneges on 
making you the heir? 

1976
01:41:35,440 --> 01:41:37,880
It will drives his like, well, 
would that be so bad? 

1977
01:41:38,240 --> 01:41:39,760
I guess. 
I mean, I don't want that. 

1978
01:41:39,760 --> 01:41:44,040
But what's the I mean, I want to
be the king, but is it that bad?

1979
01:41:44,160 --> 01:41:49,080
He's like, well, if your brother
Ochus becomes king instead of 

1980
01:41:49,080 --> 01:41:51,840
you, that's bad, right? 
And he thinks he's and Art 

1981
01:41:51,840 --> 01:41:53,880
deserves these things. 
For a minute he's like, yeah, 

1982
01:41:54,040 --> 01:41:56,640
that would be bad or sorry. 
Darius thinks for a minute and 

1983
01:41:56,640 --> 01:41:59,160
says, yeah, that would be bad. 
Ochus is a very violent, 

1984
01:41:59,160 --> 01:42:02,080
murderous guy. 
So if Ochus became king, he 

1985
01:42:02,080 --> 01:42:05,000
would have me executed. 
Now you could become king and 

1986
01:42:05,000 --> 01:42:06,920
you wouldn't execute Ochus 
because you're not like that. 

1987
01:42:06,920 --> 01:42:09,360
So you should be king. 
You're the better man for it. 

1988
01:42:09,360 --> 01:42:13,000
So Tear Baz's really gets his 
hooks into Darius and he's a 

1989
01:42:13,280 --> 01:42:16,400
Darius is a very willing to 
listen because they've both been

1990
01:42:16,400 --> 01:42:20,000
wronged very similarly over over
a woman or multiple women in the

1991
01:42:20,000 --> 01:42:23,240
case of Tierra Basses. 
So they have a lot in common 

1992
01:42:23,240 --> 01:42:25,160
here. 
Meanwhile, this Okus, who I just

1993
01:42:25,160 --> 01:42:30,680
mentioned, he approaches Otosa, 
the daughter that the first one 

1994
01:42:30,680 --> 01:42:33,160
that was offered, and that's his
sister. 

1995
01:42:33,360 --> 01:42:37,120
Otosa is Okus's sister and he 
starts to plot with her and he 

1996
01:42:37,120 --> 01:42:39,280
says, look at all this happening
around us. 

1997
01:42:40,120 --> 01:42:42,520
I'm going to maneuver. 
I'm going to be king one day. 

1998
01:42:42,520 --> 01:42:46,720
You, you just wait and watch. 
And if you help me do that, I'm 

1999
01:42:46,720 --> 01:42:49,680
going to reward you, sister. 
You know, maybe I'll make you my

2000
01:42:49,680 --> 01:42:52,000
wife. 
And so she starts listening. 

2001
01:42:52,000 --> 01:42:55,280
So multiple plots are happening 
here. 

2002
01:42:55,280 --> 01:42:59,640
We got a two different sons of 
Artaxerxes plotting against him 

2003
01:43:00,200 --> 01:43:03,400
with the help of Tira Bazis, who
of course, was a very powerful, 

2004
01:43:03,600 --> 01:43:07,720
important leader. 
Now Artaxerxes hears about this 

2005
01:43:07,720 --> 01:43:11,480
battle of Naxos, the the win of 
Cabrias over Paulus. 

2006
01:43:11,960 --> 01:43:15,880
And he's like, all right, you 
guys, what about the King's 

2007
01:43:15,880 --> 01:43:18,760
peace? 
Weren't we agreeing to stop all 

2008
01:43:18,760 --> 01:43:20,480
this? 
So he he sends emissaries and 

2009
01:43:20,480 --> 01:43:23,400
like, hey, let's get this back 
on, stop it. 

2010
01:43:24,000 --> 01:43:29,520
And Athens is very amenable to 
it because again, they aren't 

2011
01:43:29,520 --> 01:43:31,040
really excited about fighting 
Sparta. 

2012
01:43:31,040 --> 01:43:35,200
They just don't want Thebes and 
Sparta to be imbalanced, so 

2013
01:43:35,200 --> 01:43:37,440
they're all about it. 
So we'll come back to that as 

2014
01:43:37,440 --> 01:43:40,800
the rest of the Greek states 
decide what to do about Persia 

2015
01:43:41,320 --> 01:43:43,840
in trying to re establish the 
King's peace. 

2016
01:43:44,480 --> 01:43:48,200
Unfortunately, around this time,
parasitis just disappears from 

2017
01:43:48,200 --> 01:43:51,800
the record. 
She's just gone, but she was in 

2018
01:43:51,800 --> 01:43:56,120
her 90s. 
So I mean, natural death very 

2019
01:43:56,120 --> 01:43:58,800
likely, I guess you never. 
And if that is how she dies, 

2020
01:43:58,800 --> 01:44:00,640
then, you know, karma did not 
get her. 

2021
01:44:00,640 --> 01:44:03,080
She did lots of awful things to 
lots of people and she died of 

2022
01:44:03,080 --> 01:44:05,240
old age. 
So never really, never really 

2023
01:44:05,240 --> 01:44:08,080
got her just desserts. 
So, yeah, let's talk about these

2024
01:44:08,080 --> 01:44:10,240
northern powers of Greece, some 
of which are considered partly 

2025
01:44:10,240 --> 01:44:13,480
Greek, but some of them aren't. 
It's it's a little, a little 

2026
01:44:13,480 --> 01:44:15,600
column, a, little column B. 
Some of them want to be 

2027
01:44:15,600 --> 01:44:18,920
considered Greek because Greek 
is because like Greece is the 

2028
01:44:18,920 --> 01:44:21,200
Cultural Center, like the Greece
proper, like Athens. 

2029
01:44:21,200 --> 01:44:23,360
They just want to be a part of 
that, you know, you want to be 

2030
01:44:23,360 --> 01:44:25,400
part of where the the high 
society is. 

2031
01:44:25,400 --> 01:44:27,920
This is this is how it works 
right now. 

2032
01:44:27,920 --> 01:44:31,240
One of the reasons the northern 
region was becoming more 

2033
01:44:31,240 --> 01:44:34,960
important, more dangerous, more 
powerful, was because that 

2034
01:44:34,960 --> 01:44:39,360
region, speaking from a very 
high level, was transitioning 

2035
01:44:39,360 --> 01:44:41,600
from tribal existence to 
statehood. 

2036
01:44:42,160 --> 01:44:43,800
But not like the other Greek 
states. 

2037
01:44:43,800 --> 01:44:45,000
They weren't becoming city 
states. 

2038
01:44:45,000 --> 01:44:48,960
They were becoming monarchies or
things very like it, and we're 

2039
01:44:48,960 --> 01:44:53,240
talking about the states of 
Thrace, molasses slash Epiris, 

2040
01:44:53,480 --> 01:44:56,800
Macedonia, Thessaly, and 
Illyria. 

2041
01:44:57,320 --> 01:45:01,880
Now let me diverge just a minute
to kind of give you all an idea 

2042
01:45:01,880 --> 01:45:04,520
of where everything is. 
I came up with a little bit of a

2043
01:45:04,520 --> 01:45:10,800
shortcut for explaining the map 
of visually or verbally. 

2044
01:45:11,320 --> 01:45:13,480
Hopefully this isn't a fire hose
of information, but I think it 

2045
01:45:13,480 --> 01:45:16,240
should be able to help you all 
picture some of this a little 

2046
01:45:16,240 --> 01:45:18,920
bit better. 
Imagine Greece on the left, 

2047
01:45:19,040 --> 01:45:21,520
Turkey on the right. 
The Aegean Sea is in between 

2048
01:45:21,520 --> 01:45:23,280
them, separating the two. 
Lots of little islands in 

2049
01:45:23,280 --> 01:45:25,960
between. 
Now put a clock right in the 

2050
01:45:25,960 --> 01:45:29,560
middle of that. 
OK, 12 o'clock 1:00 That's 

2051
01:45:29,560 --> 01:45:33,440
Thrace, which is Bulgaria and 
Romania now, and, and they also 

2052
01:45:33,440 --> 01:45:36,080
control the Hellespont the the 
crossing from Asia to Europe. 

2053
01:45:36,080 --> 01:45:38,800
So it's kind of like controlling
the twins, but only 1/2 of it 

2054
01:45:38,800 --> 01:45:43,200
instead of both halves, right? 
2:00 To me, this is 2:00 for you

2055
01:45:43,200 --> 01:45:45,800
guys to be this way. 
If you're looking at me, Troy, 

2056
01:45:46,160 --> 01:45:50,440
Phrygia and the other side of 
the connection, Hellespont, the 

2057
01:45:50,440 --> 01:45:53,520
Bosphorus, it's called now. 
That's where Farnabez has had 

2058
01:45:53,520 --> 01:46:00,720
control for a while. 3:00 Ionia 
and Lydia. 4:00 Karaya and the 

2059
01:46:00,720 --> 01:46:03,240
island of Rhodes, which is where
the Colossus will be built in 

2060
01:46:03,240 --> 01:46:06,600
another 100 years or so. 5:00 is
open sea. 

2061
01:46:06,600 --> 01:46:08,200
Nothing there. 
If you keep going that 

2062
01:46:08,200 --> 01:46:10,000
direction, you'll eventually hit
Libya and Egypt. 

2063
01:46:10,000 --> 01:46:13,920
By the way, Libya had the best 
horses at this time. 

2064
01:46:14,640 --> 01:46:18,720
Straight S 6:00 is Crete, which 
used to be a dominating power. 

2065
01:46:18,720 --> 01:46:22,680
Now not so much. 
Directly east of of Crete, 500 

2066
01:46:22,680 --> 01:46:26,680
miles is Cyprus, which we would 
come up a few times. 7:00 open 

2067
01:46:26,680 --> 01:46:28,880
sea and the island of Kathera, 
which you can ignore. 

2068
01:46:29,000 --> 01:46:31,440
Nothing really at 7:00, eight 
o'clock, very important. 

2069
01:46:31,560 --> 01:46:35,880
That's where Laconia, that's 
Sparta, Messenia, which is 

2070
01:46:35,880 --> 01:46:38,640
conquered and enslaved by 
Sparta, and Arcadia, which is 

2071
01:46:38,640 --> 01:46:41,720
just north of it and very often 
at war with Sparta or dominated 

2072
01:46:41,720 --> 01:46:43,800
by Sparta. 
That's also near where Corinth 

2073
01:46:43,800 --> 01:46:47,160
is. 9:00 is where Attica is. 
That's Athens. 

2074
01:46:47,680 --> 01:46:49,520
Just above that is Boesha, 
that's Thebes. 

2075
01:46:49,840 --> 01:46:52,920
And Delphi is near there, which 
is the Oracle of Delphi where 

2076
01:46:52,920 --> 01:46:54,960
they get a lot of their 
prophecies and, and things like 

2077
01:46:54,960 --> 01:46:57,200
that. 
At 10:00 would be Thessaly, 

2078
01:46:57,360 --> 01:47:01,840
Molossos and Iprus. 
That's modern Albania and also 

2079
01:47:01,840 --> 01:47:05,800
parts of Romania, Bulgaria, and 
at 11:00 Macedonia, which is 

2080
01:47:05,800 --> 01:47:09,960
still Macedonia today. 
And it's also where the the 

2081
01:47:10,000 --> 01:47:13,960
Chalkidian League is. 
And if you go past Macedonia to 

2082
01:47:14,560 --> 01:47:18,200
the northwest, you get to 
Illyria, which was the most 

2083
01:47:18,640 --> 01:47:23,120
tribal nation of all these 
nations that are ceasing to be 

2084
01:47:23,120 --> 01:47:25,840
so tribal. 
But the most important of all 

2085
01:47:25,840 --> 01:47:28,520
these states is definitely 
Thessaly. 

2086
01:47:28,520 --> 01:47:31,920
Right now in the year 375, it's 
Jason of Firai. 

2087
01:47:31,920 --> 01:47:36,360
Firai for the by guy. 
He continued to extend his 

2088
01:47:36,360 --> 01:47:40,120
dominance, not just his home 
region, but all places now, 

2089
01:47:40,120 --> 01:47:42,800
including Upperas. 
He made their King Alcidas a 

2090
01:47:42,800 --> 01:47:44,880
subject more on them in a 
minute. 

2091
01:47:45,000 --> 01:47:49,480
Now he was sort of following the
model of that Syracusan tyrant 

2092
01:47:49,480 --> 01:47:52,440
Dionysius that we've mentioned a
few times in terms of how he 

2093
01:47:52,440 --> 01:47:54,840
grew his power. 
He got some money, he hired some

2094
01:47:54,840 --> 01:47:56,800
mercenaries. 
He got more power with the 

2095
01:47:56,800 --> 01:47:58,920
mercenaries. 
That enabled him to keep paying 

2096
01:47:58,920 --> 01:48:01,680
those mercenaries and then get 
more mercenaries and then 

2097
01:48:02,320 --> 01:48:05,080
farther up the ladder that 
enabled him to get actual state 

2098
01:48:05,080 --> 01:48:08,240
power so he could call up 
troops, levies and things like 

2099
01:48:08,240 --> 01:48:10,320
that, which supplements his 
mercenaries. 

2100
01:48:10,320 --> 01:48:12,520
So he's now he's got 2 armies 
basically. 

2101
01:48:13,160 --> 01:48:16,960
But Dionysus's leadership style,
other than that, very different.

2102
01:48:16,960 --> 01:48:19,800
He was more of a Persian style 
king, feared more than 

2103
01:48:19,800 --> 01:48:24,240
restricted, threw his money 
around a lot, steeped in luxury.

2104
01:48:24,240 --> 01:48:28,840
You know, Jason's mercenaries 
were actually loyal to him 

2105
01:48:28,840 --> 01:48:33,400
because they respected him. 
He paid them well, he paid them 

2106
01:48:33,880 --> 01:48:35,960
semi permanently kind of. 
That was the idea that they 

2107
01:48:35,960 --> 01:48:39,240
would not have to look for work.
They could just work for him for

2108
01:48:39,240 --> 01:48:43,160
as long as the well, for as long
as the future could be held. 

2109
01:48:43,680 --> 01:48:46,120
He would train with them, he 
would March with them. 

2110
01:48:46,120 --> 01:48:49,160
He would lead by example. 
Persians don't do that right? 

2111
01:48:49,160 --> 01:48:51,480
That's that never happens. 
Diane Isius didn't do that. 

2112
01:48:51,480 --> 01:48:53,560
He would. 
He was a big overweight guy that

2113
01:48:53,560 --> 01:48:56,720
would just give orders and sit 
back on his big chair. 

2114
01:48:57,400 --> 01:48:59,360
Certainly our desert season 
isn't doing that right. 

2115
01:48:59,720 --> 01:49:03,960
So this is a new style of 
leader, a guy who is extremely 

2116
01:49:03,960 --> 01:49:07,160
competent and really willing to 
do the work, really willing to 

2117
01:49:07,160 --> 01:49:09,200
put himself at risk and put in a
lot of effort. 

2118
01:49:09,640 --> 01:49:12,920
And this, a lot of people 
respected this. 

2119
01:49:12,920 --> 01:49:16,600
This is a very virtuous thing to
do as a Greek in this era. 

2120
01:49:16,960 --> 01:49:23,560
Xenophon, our soldier author, 
quoted Jason as saying this. 

2121
01:49:24,600 --> 01:49:28,520
I have men of other states as 
mercenaries to the number of 

2122
01:49:28,520 --> 01:49:34,960
6000 with whom, as I think, no 
city could easily contend. 

2123
01:49:35,520 --> 01:49:40,560
As for numbers, he said, Of 
course, as great a force might 

2124
01:49:40,560 --> 01:49:42,840
March out of some other city 
also. 

2125
01:49:43,360 --> 01:49:48,680
But armies made-up of citizens 
include men who are already 

2126
01:49:48,680 --> 01:49:53,040
advanced in years, and others 
who have not yet come to their 

2127
01:49:53,040 --> 01:49:57,480
prime. 
Furthermore, in every city very 

2128
01:49:57,480 --> 01:50:03,040
few men train their bodies, but 
among my mercenaries no one 

2129
01:50:03,040 --> 01:50:08,240
serves unless he is able to 
endure as severe toils as I 

2130
01:50:08,240 --> 01:50:12,000
myself. 
So he started with quality over 

2131
01:50:12,000 --> 01:50:16,880
quantity, but then he started 
adding quality to the quantity 

2132
01:50:16,880 --> 01:50:19,400
to that quality. 
I guess you could say it sounds 

2133
01:50:19,400 --> 01:50:21,520
a lot like the Golden Company 
but as if they were hired semi 

2134
01:50:21,520 --> 01:50:25,600
permanently like a a group of 
sell swords who are cut above in

2135
01:50:25,600 --> 01:50:30,800
terms of their trustworthiness 
and their general personage. 

2136
01:50:31,120 --> 01:50:33,480
But they're not exiles like the 
Golden Company. 

2137
01:50:33,480 --> 01:50:39,480
However, they would want to live
in these other places and be 

2138
01:50:39,480 --> 01:50:41,640
accepted by Greeks and some of 
them would be exiled. 

2139
01:50:41,640 --> 01:50:44,120
That's why they're mercenaries 
because they got kicked out of 

2140
01:50:44,200 --> 01:50:45,920
their home city state. 
Some of them would be from 

2141
01:50:45,920 --> 01:50:49,040
Athens or Thebes or even Sparta 
or other places we haven't 

2142
01:50:49,040 --> 01:50:50,640
talked about. 
A lot of them are just from 

2143
01:50:50,640 --> 01:50:53,360
Thessaly where Jason's from too 
the majority of them. 

2144
01:50:53,360 --> 01:50:58,160
But still, he's looking for 
quality, not what nation you're 

2145
01:50:58,160 --> 01:51:01,120
from or anything else. 
He just wants people that can 

2146
01:51:01,320 --> 01:51:05,320
hang with him in terms of 
marching for many hours and 

2147
01:51:05,320 --> 01:51:08,480
handling physical exertions and 
all that stuff. 

2148
01:51:09,280 --> 01:51:11,240
And even more so, these 
mercenaries were motivated 

2149
01:51:11,240 --> 01:51:14,160
because he was such a different 
kind of leader that was willing 

2150
01:51:14,160 --> 01:51:17,040
to pay them for the long term. 
Well, they know that that's 

2151
01:51:17,040 --> 01:51:18,960
almost certainly going to end if
he dies. 

2152
01:51:18,960 --> 01:51:21,680
So they were very motivated to 
keep him alive and to help him 

2153
01:51:21,680 --> 01:51:25,120
with his goals because he wasn't
one of these leaders that just 

2154
01:51:25,120 --> 01:51:27,640
uses people to get ahead without
giving them anything. 

2155
01:51:27,640 --> 01:51:30,160
Yeah, he used people to get 
ahead, but he would make sure 

2156
01:51:30,160 --> 01:51:33,720
they were rewarded and that they
came out on top and were 

2157
01:51:33,720 --> 01:51:35,040
respected. 
Right. 

2158
01:51:35,040 --> 01:51:38,360
There's nothing like a Xerxes or
Xerxes or And it just allow us 

2159
01:51:38,360 --> 01:51:40,520
who's like you do what I say, 
not what I do. 

2160
01:51:40,760 --> 01:51:43,920
You know, I'm above you. 
I have a different set of rules 

2161
01:51:43,920 --> 01:51:47,080
for me. 
No, he was a lot, even though he

2162
01:51:47,080 --> 01:51:50,240
was extremely ambitious, 
extremely confident and 

2163
01:51:50,240 --> 01:51:51,800
extremely like, I'm better than 
you. 

2164
01:51:52,480 --> 01:51:54,160
He would be. 
He's just super nice about it, 

2165
01:51:54,160 --> 01:51:57,240
super diplomatic about it. 
You know, nothing you could say 

2166
01:51:57,240 --> 01:51:59,440
would upset him. 
Nothing you could say would. 

2167
01:51:59,960 --> 01:52:03,200
He would just look at it as 
like, oh, I'm just going to one 

2168
01:52:03,200 --> 01:52:04,400
up you. 
I'm going to find a way to one 

2169
01:52:04,400 --> 01:52:08,000
up this, you know, but not in a 
way that insults you, in a way 

2170
01:52:08,000 --> 01:52:10,840
that just proves I'm better, not
in a way that I have to fight 

2171
01:52:10,840 --> 01:52:12,320
you to beat you, but I will do 
that. 

2172
01:52:13,360 --> 01:52:17,040
So he wasn't, he didn't lead by 
fear, but you knew he could be 

2173
01:52:17,040 --> 01:52:20,080
fearsome. 
So he was like a Damon Blackfyre

2174
01:52:20,080 --> 01:52:23,000
in a lot of ways. 
He was more dynamic because he 

2175
01:52:23,000 --> 01:52:26,560
had a broader skill set. 
Maybe not, you know, a once in a

2176
01:52:26,560 --> 01:52:29,120
generation warrior, but a very 
gifted warrior too. 

2177
01:52:29,600 --> 01:52:32,840
Had a lot of similar qualities. 
Physically gifted, charismatic, 

2178
01:52:33,040 --> 01:52:37,000
a shining ideal of what men in 
his era were supposed to be, an 

2179
01:52:37,000 --> 01:52:39,240
avatar of current cultural 
virtues. 

2180
01:52:39,840 --> 01:52:41,840
Damon was seen as the perfect 
Westerosi knight. 

2181
01:52:41,840 --> 01:52:43,960
Jason was the perfect Greek 
soldier. 

2182
01:52:44,520 --> 01:52:46,480
They were both people whose 
birth gave them a lot of 

2183
01:52:46,480 --> 01:52:50,880
advantages and privileges, yet 
were more esteemed for their 

2184
01:52:50,880 --> 01:52:54,800
abilities than for their birth. 
They were more virtuous than 

2185
01:52:54,800 --> 01:52:56,320
deserving. 
They were both, but they were 

2186
01:52:56,360 --> 01:52:58,240
there was their virtues that 
really stood out, their 

2187
01:52:58,240 --> 01:53:02,720
achievements, their capacity, 
rather than who their father 

2188
01:53:02,720 --> 01:53:04,920
was, who their mother was, what 
their last name was. 

2189
01:53:05,120 --> 01:53:07,720
So they both also represented 
cultural shifts. 

2190
01:53:08,200 --> 01:53:10,240
Damon Blackfyre represented 
knighthood. 

2191
01:53:10,240 --> 01:53:12,600
He was chivalrous. 
He was anti Dornish, he was 

2192
01:53:12,600 --> 01:53:15,120
warrior culture. 
He was pushing back against the 

2193
01:53:15,320 --> 01:53:19,280
maesters and poets and artists 
that populated Deron the 

2194
01:53:19,280 --> 01:53:23,880
Second's court. 
Jason was chivalrous before that

2195
01:53:23,880 --> 01:53:27,000
word existed, before the era of 
chivalry, before the era of of 

2196
01:53:27,000 --> 01:53:28,760
knighthood. 
And the term knight was used in 

2197
01:53:28,760 --> 01:53:30,680
this era, but of course it had a
different connotation than 

2198
01:53:30,680 --> 01:53:34,880
medieval Knights. 
So he was aggressive, but also 

2199
01:53:35,200 --> 01:53:38,160
didn't use aggression as his 
first tool. 

2200
01:53:38,160 --> 01:53:40,600
Mostly he would be like, look, 
join me, join me. 

2201
01:53:40,600 --> 01:53:44,000
And he would try to convince you
to join him by pointing out the 

2202
01:53:44,000 --> 01:53:45,440
alternative. 
Look, do you really want to 

2203
01:53:45,440 --> 01:53:47,080
fight me? 
Look how good I am, Look how 

2204
01:53:47,080 --> 01:53:48,440
talented I am, look how strong I
am. 

2205
01:53:48,440 --> 01:53:49,360
But he wouldn't put it like 
that. 

2206
01:53:49,360 --> 01:53:50,920
He's not. 
He wouldn't phrase it like 

2207
01:53:50,920 --> 01:53:53,200
arrogantly. 
He would just kind of put it in 

2208
01:53:53,200 --> 01:53:55,640
plain tables. 
Look, I got 20,000 men. 

2209
01:53:56,080 --> 01:53:58,800
My men are stronger, they're 
more out, they're in better 

2210
01:53:58,800 --> 01:54:00,680
shape. 
I pay them better. 

2211
01:54:00,840 --> 01:54:04,040
Just be realistic here, man. 
You can't beat that. 

2212
01:54:04,040 --> 01:54:07,280
So just join me. 
Yeah, it is very convincing. 

2213
01:54:07,480 --> 01:54:09,400
Like, yeah, you're right. 
I can't beat that. 

2214
01:54:09,640 --> 01:54:11,200
And he is a really impressive 
guy. 

2215
01:54:11,200 --> 01:54:13,000
And this is not a guy that talks
himself up. 

2216
01:54:13,000 --> 01:54:14,480
It's the guy that proves 
himself. 

2217
01:54:14,880 --> 01:54:18,120
Yeah, he really does go out 
there and and March all day, 

2218
01:54:18,120 --> 01:54:22,720
March all night in armor and can
handle running in full kit for 

2219
01:54:22,720 --> 01:54:26,080
miles and just all these 
exertions and physical 

2220
01:54:26,400 --> 01:54:30,920
challenges like that. 
People respect that no matter 

2221
01:54:30,920 --> 01:54:34,200
what the scenario, Jason would 
claim superiority and he'd have 

2222
01:54:34,200 --> 01:54:36,480
a strong case. 
I have to mention Renly is a 

2223
01:54:36,480 --> 01:54:38,760
comparison here too, which some 
of you might have seen coming 

2224
01:54:38,760 --> 01:54:41,320
because I have often compared 
Renly to Damon Blackfyre too. 

2225
01:54:41,320 --> 01:54:42,840
So it's like a three-way 
comparison here. 

2226
01:54:43,400 --> 01:54:47,600
Someone who's claimed to 
supremacy was legally chintzy 

2227
01:54:48,000 --> 01:54:52,360
and if not just completely bogus
but overlooked due to sheer 

2228
01:54:52,360 --> 01:54:54,200
popularity. 
Like, he made-up for it because 

2229
01:54:54,200 --> 01:54:57,240
he was just so talented or so 
popular or both, so charismatic.

2230
01:54:57,800 --> 01:54:58,800
That's Renly, right? 
Renly? 

2231
01:54:58,800 --> 01:55:00,000
Everybody's like, Renly, You're 
not. 

2232
01:55:00,000 --> 01:55:01,680
Stannis is ahead of you. 
But no one cared. 

2233
01:55:01,920 --> 01:55:04,920
Only Stannis really cared. 
Everybody's like, yeah, you're 

2234
01:55:04,920 --> 01:55:07,600
right about that, but I don't 
care. 

2235
01:55:07,600 --> 01:55:11,200
We still like Renly more. 
And Renly was not like, This is 

2236
01:55:11,360 --> 01:55:13,520
why, you know, Robert had some 
of those qualities, too. 

2237
01:55:13,520 --> 01:55:18,000
But Robert was easily angered. 
Robert was really proud. 

2238
01:55:18,000 --> 01:55:21,720
Robert drank and ate a lot, and 
he slept around a lot, too. 

2239
01:55:21,840 --> 01:55:24,280
Renly didn't. 
Renly wasn't a big drinker, big 

2240
01:55:24,280 --> 01:55:27,600
eater, didn't sleep around a 
lot, and given Greek men were 

2241
01:55:27,600 --> 01:55:30,680
very bisexual in this era, Jason
probably had male lovers like 

2242
01:55:30,680 --> 01:55:32,720
Renly. 
Well Renly probably just had the

2243
01:55:32,720 --> 01:55:35,520
1 lover and Loris, but same 
point. 

2244
01:55:36,400 --> 01:55:39,240
Comparing Jason to Artaxerxes 
though, this is where you really

2245
01:55:39,240 --> 01:55:40,360
get to a lot of the heart of the
matter. 

2246
01:55:40,360 --> 01:55:44,880
This is you kind of get to what 
Jason was doing in terms of his 

2247
01:55:44,880 --> 01:55:47,480
public persona and the image he 
was trying to cultivate. 

2248
01:55:48,080 --> 01:55:51,360
This reminds me of the analysis 
we've done in comparing Valyria 

2249
01:55:51,360 --> 01:55:55,560
to and All cultures or and All 
values, which is that the Andahl

2250
01:55:55,560 --> 01:55:59,280
virtues and cultural values 
developed as a response to 

2251
01:55:59,280 --> 01:56:01,080
Valyria. 
Some of you have heard this 

2252
01:56:01,080 --> 01:56:02,400
before, but let me recap 
briefly. 

2253
01:56:02,800 --> 01:56:05,000
Valyrians, what do they do to 
the weak? 

2254
01:56:05,000 --> 01:56:07,880
They enslave them. 
The the Andahl answer to that 

2255
01:56:07,880 --> 01:56:11,120
was knighthood, chivalry. 
Protect the weak, don't enslave 

2256
01:56:11,120 --> 01:56:15,200
them, protect them. 
Valyrians, Incest, polygamy, all

2257
01:56:15,200 --> 01:56:17,840
that. 
Andahl's monogamy. 

2258
01:56:18,600 --> 01:56:23,520
That's it bastards bad, you 
know, multiple wives bad, incest

2259
01:56:23,760 --> 01:56:27,080
real bad. 
OK, like very much the opposite,

2260
01:56:27,080 --> 01:56:29,240
right? 
So a lot of these you can keep 

2261
01:56:29,240 --> 01:56:31,640
going on with these comparisons,
but there's I think that's the 

2262
01:56:31,720 --> 01:56:35,040
that's the basic point of it. 
And these comparisons, as I 

2263
01:56:35,040 --> 01:56:38,040
said, very much apply to Jason 
versus Artaxerxes. 

2264
01:56:39,600 --> 01:56:41,400
Persia ruled by authority, not 
by example. 

2265
01:56:41,400 --> 01:56:46,320
Now Jason was using money to get
ahead like Persia does, but not 

2266
01:56:46,320 --> 01:56:48,080
in the same way. 
He, he approached it 

2267
01:56:48,080 --> 01:56:50,920
differently, rather than just 
Persia, would overwhelm with 

2268
01:56:50,920 --> 01:56:52,960
just enormous numbers of 
soldiers. 

2269
01:56:53,240 --> 01:56:55,160
Jason's like, no, no, no, no, 
no, we're going to go with 

2270
01:56:55,160 --> 01:56:58,680
quality over quantity. 
So instead of bribes, which is 

2271
01:56:58,680 --> 01:57:00,880
what Persia would do a lot with 
a lot of their extra money, what

2272
01:57:00,880 --> 01:57:05,000
Jason would do is invest into 
military infrastructure to 

2273
01:57:05,000 --> 01:57:08,280
hiring the best people, 
effectively making them not 

2274
01:57:08,280 --> 01:57:10,680
mercenaries anymore and making 
them loyal to him. 

2275
01:57:11,320 --> 01:57:13,440
And this would pull mercenaries 
from lots of different places. 

2276
01:57:13,440 --> 01:57:16,560
He would be pulling the best 
talent into his army, making it 

2277
01:57:16,560 --> 01:57:19,080
unavailable to anyone else 
because he wasn't just 

2278
01:57:19,080 --> 01:57:20,600
recruiting, like I said, from 
his own territory. 

2279
01:57:21,360 --> 01:57:26,600
So that leading by example alone
is a good example of not of how 

2280
01:57:26,600 --> 01:57:28,400
different he was than the 
Persians. 

2281
01:57:28,400 --> 01:57:29,960
They don't do that for the most 
part. 

2282
01:57:29,960 --> 01:57:32,120
This is a man who inserts. 
This is a man who inserts 

2283
01:57:32,120 --> 01:57:34,680
himself into power and shows why
he deserves it, rather than a 

2284
01:57:34,680 --> 01:57:37,760
man who sees his power and 
expects you to go along with it.

2285
01:57:37,760 --> 01:57:40,600
And and violently asserts that 
this is a guy that says, look, 

2286
01:57:40,600 --> 01:57:43,800
I'm good enough, I deserve this.
Who's better than me and 

2287
01:57:43,800 --> 01:57:44,240
embracing. 
Yeah. 

2288
01:57:44,320 --> 01:57:46,560
Well, OK, you know, you're kind 
of right. 

2289
01:57:47,080 --> 01:57:50,480
So it's like, This is why I 
think he may have done this on 

2290
01:57:50,480 --> 01:57:52,040
purpose. 
He would cultivate this image 

2291
01:57:52,040 --> 01:57:54,880
because it would be, this is a 
guy that talked about going to 

2292
01:57:54,880 --> 01:57:57,560
war with Persia, that maybe 
Greece should conquer Persia. 

2293
01:57:57,560 --> 01:57:58,680
You know, maybe we could do 
that. 

2294
01:57:59,320 --> 01:58:01,840
So it would be entirely fitting 
for him to position himself as 

2295
01:58:01,840 --> 01:58:06,760
the best man for that job as the
ultimate anti Persian person. 

2296
01:58:07,440 --> 01:58:10,360
There's an anecdote where 
Artaxerxes led his troops on the

2297
01:58:10,360 --> 01:58:13,280
March back from Kaduzia. 
Kaduzia was the place where they

2298
01:58:13,280 --> 01:58:16,000
almost starved to death. 
The place that Tirabazzis kind 

2299
01:58:16,000 --> 01:58:18,120
of saved them with his Samuel 
Tarly ruse. 

2300
01:58:18,120 --> 01:58:21,080
And Datamise was did great 
service. 

2301
01:58:21,840 --> 01:58:24,600
But when Artaxerxes led the 
troops himself personally when 

2302
01:58:24,600 --> 01:58:28,640
they were coming home, moral 
went up so much just from him 

2303
01:58:28,640 --> 01:58:31,200
doing that that they were able 
to travel faster than normal. 

2304
01:58:31,200 --> 01:58:34,040
Like they, they marched faster 
when Xerxes Artaxerxes was 

2305
01:58:34,040 --> 01:58:36,840
leading the army, but of course,
they didn't learn from that. 

2306
01:58:36,840 --> 01:58:38,600
Like, oh, well, this is the one 
off. 

2307
01:58:38,600 --> 01:58:40,800
We won't learn. 
We won't use you at the at the 

2308
01:58:40,800 --> 01:58:43,440
head again. 
Nah, we can't do that. 

2309
01:58:43,440 --> 01:58:45,680
You're you're you're too much of
A God king. 

2310
01:58:45,680 --> 01:58:48,680
You're too luxurious. 
Your authority derives from all 

2311
01:58:48,680 --> 01:58:50,640
the bling you wear, not from 
your deeds. 

2312
01:58:51,240 --> 01:58:53,760
That's that's they're too 
steeped in that way of thinking.

2313
01:58:54,080 --> 01:58:56,920
So Jason didn't want you to bow 
to him. 

2314
01:58:56,920 --> 01:58:59,520
He wanted you to respect him so 
much that you wanted to follow 

2315
01:58:59,520 --> 01:59:01,960
him. 
Charisma mixed with respect, if 

2316
01:59:01,960 --> 01:59:03,760
not admiration, perhaps even 
love. 

2317
01:59:04,320 --> 01:59:08,200
But but yeah, fear too. 
Like, yes, he you want you're 

2318
01:59:08,200 --> 01:59:11,240
encouraged to join him. 
But there is that gauntlet 

2319
01:59:11,240 --> 01:59:13,480
beneath the silk glove. 
He will absolutely destroy you 

2320
01:59:13,480 --> 01:59:16,240
if you don't. 
He had that confidence. 

2321
01:59:16,240 --> 01:59:19,440
It was kind of like Jaharis. 
How you know, remember rogue 

2322
01:59:19,440 --> 01:59:23,720
Arboratheon when he finally 
admitted all his that he done 

2323
01:59:23,720 --> 01:59:25,400
wrong? 
He's like, I'm sorry, Jaharis. 

2324
01:59:25,400 --> 01:59:28,120
I shouldn't have, you know, 
tried to unseat you, You know, 

2325
01:59:28,360 --> 01:59:30,480
please don't destroy my family. 
I'll take the black. 

2326
01:59:30,480 --> 01:59:34,320
And Jaharis is like, no, you 
were trying to serve the realm. 

2327
01:59:34,320 --> 01:59:35,640
I think your heart was in the 
right place. 

2328
01:59:36,160 --> 01:59:38,360
It's better if you serve me. 
We're all better off if you're 

2329
01:59:38,360 --> 01:59:41,200
on my team rather than you just 
going off and doing, you know, 

2330
01:59:41,320 --> 01:59:43,120
ending your career. 
I'm certainly not going to 

2331
01:59:43,120 --> 01:59:45,680
destroy your house. 
You just have to be on my side, 

2332
01:59:45,760 --> 01:59:47,840
and that's fine. 
He's like, OK, I'll do that. 

2333
01:59:47,840 --> 01:59:50,040
Absolutely, I'll do that. 
Do you want hostages? 

2334
01:59:50,200 --> 01:59:52,120
He's like, I don't need 
hostages, man. 

2335
01:59:52,760 --> 01:59:55,960
I got my dragon. 
And Rogar at that point realized

2336
01:59:55,960 --> 01:59:59,000
that all of Westeros is 
Jaharius's hostage when you have

2337
01:59:59,000 --> 02:00:01,160
Dragons. 
The entire continent is your 

2338
02:00:01,160 --> 02:00:01,800
hostage. 
You don't. 

2339
02:00:01,800 --> 02:00:03,960
That's why you don't need them. 
That's the confidence, Jahari 

2340
02:00:03,960 --> 02:00:06,160
says. 
That's the confidence Jason had.

2341
02:00:06,160 --> 02:00:08,880
He's like, yeah, I just know I'm
better. 

2342
02:00:08,880 --> 02:00:11,400
I know you aren't better. 
I know I'm going to win. 

2343
02:00:11,920 --> 02:00:13,960
It wasn't. 
It's not bravado, it's just a 

2344
02:00:13,960 --> 02:00:16,320
deep seated sincere belief in 
himself. 

2345
02:00:17,280 --> 02:00:21,400
While the great Persian kings 
showed off absurd amounts of 

2346
02:00:21,400 --> 02:00:27,400
luxury, Artaxerxes is said to 
have 12,000 talents worth of 

2347
02:00:27,960 --> 02:00:29,480
accoutrement on him at all 
times. 

2348
02:00:29,480 --> 02:00:31,040
Do you remember how much the 
talent was? 

2349
02:00:31,720 --> 02:00:36,880
You could pay like a soldier, 
like many soldiers, for a year 

2350
02:00:37,000 --> 02:00:41,480
with one talent? 
So whoa. 

2351
02:00:41,600 --> 02:00:44,720
Well, Jason just kind of dressed
like maybe a little bit nicer 

2352
02:00:44,720 --> 02:00:47,400
than a regular soldier with a 
little bit of bling just to show

2353
02:00:47,400 --> 02:00:51,240
off who he was. 
Just a little bit of flair, but 

2354
02:00:51,240 --> 02:00:54,320
certainly not covered in gold 
and jewelry. 

2355
02:00:54,320 --> 02:00:58,440
You know, Persia, you got to bow
and scrape and kneel. 

2356
02:00:58,880 --> 02:01:01,000
The Greeks were like the free 
folk in this era. 

2357
02:01:01,000 --> 02:01:04,120
Kneeling kneelers. 
That's to be mocked. 

2358
02:01:04,600 --> 02:01:08,080
Yeah, they don't do that. 
So Artaxerxes had a harem. 

2359
02:01:08,080 --> 02:01:12,040
He had over 200 children. 
He drank the finest wines, ate 

2360
02:01:12,040 --> 02:01:14,560
only delicacies on golden 
platters. 

2361
02:01:14,840 --> 02:01:18,000
What did a dunk say to about to 
make our about Aryan. 

2362
02:01:18,000 --> 02:01:19,960
I bet he never, never slept in 
ditches. 

2363
02:01:19,960 --> 02:01:24,360
He only ate bloody meat. 
You know, the Greeks aren't. 

2364
02:01:24,440 --> 02:01:28,080
Don't look up to that. 
That's not a thing to aspire to.

2365
02:01:28,080 --> 02:01:31,760
That's weakness. 
That's a that's lug overdoing 

2366
02:01:31,760 --> 02:01:33,880
it. 
That's yeah, that's going too 

2367
02:01:33,880 --> 02:01:34,800
far. 
That's gluttony. 

2368
02:01:34,800 --> 02:01:39,160
That's not virtuous. 
So Jason was only had children 

2369
02:01:39,160 --> 02:01:43,040
with his wife and was extremely 
disciplined with his pleasures 

2370
02:01:43,040 --> 02:01:45,760
with his food and drink. 
Our desserts, he said Flatters 

2371
02:01:45,760 --> 02:01:48,160
courtiers. 
Jason learned from and debated 

2372
02:01:48,160 --> 02:01:52,400
with scholars and philosophers, 
including the famous philosopher

2373
02:01:52,400 --> 02:01:54,440
Isocrates. 
It's very confusing that there 

2374
02:01:54,440 --> 02:01:58,280
was a famous Socrates and an 
Isocrates who almost lived at 

2375
02:01:58,280 --> 02:02:00,600
the same time. 
Isocrates at this time would 

2376
02:02:00,600 --> 02:02:02,000
have been just past his 60th 
birthday. 

2377
02:02:02,000 --> 02:02:04,360
Well established, famous 
philosopher, very well known. 

2378
02:02:04,720 --> 02:02:07,920
He and Jason corresponded. 
Our desert cheese isn't 

2379
02:02:07,920 --> 02:02:12,680
corresponding with philosophers.
Even an An Isocrates encouraged 

2380
02:02:12,680 --> 02:02:17,160
Jason to unite the people. 
He was a proponent of a unified 

2381
02:02:17,160 --> 02:02:21,600
Greece. 
So that's part of the part of an

2382
02:02:21,600 --> 02:02:25,280
angle here. 
Even their names are very 

2383
02:02:25,560 --> 02:02:27,320
different. 
Even it expresses the dichotomy 

2384
02:02:27,320 --> 02:02:30,200
here. 
Artaxerxes means King of heroes 

2385
02:02:30,200 --> 02:02:33,440
or the great King or righteous 
ruler. 

2386
02:02:34,000 --> 02:02:36,160
The second of those is my 
favorite because he's already 

2387
02:02:36,160 --> 02:02:39,000
the great king. 
So his name is like he's the 

2388
02:02:39,000 --> 02:02:40,840
great king, the great king. 
That's his. 

2389
02:02:41,280 --> 02:02:42,920
That's what his full name 
translates to. 

2390
02:02:43,520 --> 02:02:46,560
Jason just means healer or to 
heal. 

2391
02:02:46,880 --> 02:02:52,760
Way more humble than King of 
Heroes, Artaxerxes occasionally 

2392
02:02:52,760 --> 02:02:55,160
had nobles executed just because
he didn't like them or because 

2393
02:02:55,160 --> 02:02:57,480
he was mad. 
And of course his mother 

2394
02:02:57,480 --> 02:02:59,640
probably encouraged that. 
Sometimes for her own ends, 

2395
02:02:59,640 --> 02:03:02,280
although sometimes probably 
because he really was in danger.

2396
02:03:02,880 --> 02:03:07,400
She may have just made-up 
threats against him to get a 

2397
02:03:07,400 --> 02:03:10,600
result, but that tactic was 
effective in part because murder

2398
02:03:10,600 --> 02:03:12,440
of Persian kings was not 
uncommon. 

2399
02:03:13,120 --> 02:03:15,080
Now. 
Jason was very Renly Brathing in

2400
02:03:15,080 --> 02:03:17,160
this. 
Not only did Renly make friends 

2401
02:03:17,160 --> 02:03:20,000
from foes like Robert did, he 
was fairly immune to insults and

2402
02:03:20,000 --> 02:03:21,280
slights on his pride. 
He would just. 

2403
02:03:21,600 --> 02:03:23,560
To him, that's just the 
nattering of children, to him, 

2404
02:03:23,560 --> 02:03:25,240
that's the Tywin Lannister 
attitude. 

2405
02:03:25,800 --> 02:03:28,280
The lion does not concern itself
with the opinions of the sheep, 

2406
02:03:28,720 --> 02:03:32,960
and everyone's a sheep to him. 
Jason's the only lion you know, 

2407
02:03:32,960 --> 02:03:37,560
kind of in his mind. 
Now to be fair, these are both 

2408
02:03:37,560 --> 02:03:40,240
slave societies. 
Everyone had slaves pretty much 

2409
02:03:40,240 --> 02:03:42,120
in this era. 
There are a few exceptions and 

2410
02:03:42,120 --> 02:03:45,160
we'll praise them when they come
along for being tried making the

2411
02:03:45,160 --> 02:03:47,800
world a better place very slowly
in a in a very hard way. 

2412
02:03:48,640 --> 02:03:50,160
But the Persians were way more 
about that. 

2413
02:03:50,160 --> 02:03:53,240
The Persians had way more slaves
and treated their slaves a lot 

2414
02:03:53,440 --> 02:03:55,520
less like people. 
So yeah. 

2415
02:03:56,200 --> 02:04:00,720
Now Jason tried to talk a guy 
named Polydamus of Farsalis into

2416
02:04:00,720 --> 02:04:02,840
joining him. 
Farsalis was the last big 

2417
02:04:02,840 --> 02:04:05,440
holdout in the Kingdom of 
Thessali or the region of 

2418
02:04:05,440 --> 02:04:08,040
Thessali and is a big city, so 
it's really important. 

2419
02:04:08,040 --> 02:04:11,360
So he tried to talk him into but
Polydemus first. 

2420
02:04:11,360 --> 02:04:13,800
He says he just declined because
they were friends of Sparta. 

2421
02:04:14,200 --> 02:04:16,440
So Jason again, just takes the 
High Road. 

2422
02:04:16,440 --> 02:04:19,960
He's like, all right, you're 
loyalty to Sparta. 

2423
02:04:19,960 --> 02:04:22,840
You're not breaking the deal. 
That's exactly why I want men 

2424
02:04:22,840 --> 02:04:26,000
like you. 
You're this you should be 

2425
02:04:26,000 --> 02:04:27,840
praised for sticking to your 
guns. 

2426
02:04:27,840 --> 02:04:29,240
Do what you, you agreed to do 
this. 

2427
02:04:29,920 --> 02:04:32,640
You're sticking to it. 
I I honor you for that. 

2428
02:04:33,160 --> 02:04:35,920
So he rather than being like, 
man, I'm going to kill you. 

2429
02:04:36,320 --> 02:04:41,360
But he also says that first he 
praises him for his, his 

2430
02:04:41,360 --> 02:04:45,040
character, his virtue. 
But then he says, but if you 

2431
02:04:45,040 --> 02:04:46,760
don't join me, I'm going to 
March on. 

2432
02:04:46,760 --> 02:04:49,120
You just be aware, you know I'm 
going to come one way or the 

2433
02:04:49,120 --> 02:04:50,040
other. 
This is happening. 

2434
02:04:50,680 --> 02:04:53,880
So here's what you should do. 
Go, go to Sparta. 

2435
02:04:53,960 --> 02:04:55,400
I'll let you go. 
I won't stop you. 

2436
02:04:55,400 --> 02:04:58,600
Go to Sparta, ask for help. 
See what they say. 

2437
02:04:59,360 --> 02:05:03,400
If they help you, be careful. 
Make sure they send you enough 

2438
02:05:03,400 --> 02:05:05,120
men. 
If they don't send you enough 

2439
02:05:05,120 --> 02:05:08,640
men, then I'm going to win. 
And you've just sent a lot of 

2440
02:05:08,640 --> 02:05:09,840
men to their desks for no 
reason. 

2441
02:05:09,920 --> 02:05:13,160
If they don't send you enough 
men, come back to me and say 

2442
02:05:13,160 --> 02:05:15,600
never mind, and I will join you.
It's not too late. 

2443
02:05:15,600 --> 02:05:18,000
You can change your mind. 
You can get all the way to the 

2444
02:05:18,000 --> 02:05:20,600
day of battle and then change 
your mind if you want. 

2445
02:05:21,240 --> 02:05:25,080
But if Sparta doesn't offer 
help, then what choice do you 

2446
02:05:25,080 --> 02:05:26,520
have, right? 
Come on, be smart. 

2447
02:05:27,080 --> 02:05:28,880
So Polly Diamonds did exactly 
that. 

2448
02:05:28,880 --> 02:05:31,040
He took Jason and was like, OK, 
all right, I'm going to go to 

2449
02:05:31,040 --> 02:05:35,400
Sparta and see what they say. 
This is crazy, right? 

2450
02:05:35,400 --> 02:05:37,960
This is very fascinating. 
So, Xenophon, Here's a nice 

2451
02:05:37,960 --> 02:05:40,280
long, lengthy quote about what 
happened. 

2452
02:05:40,360 --> 02:05:45,040
Xenophon tells the story quote. 
For you can be sure that the war

2453
02:05:45,040 --> 02:05:49,640
will have to be fought against a
really strong force, and against

2454
02:05:49,640 --> 02:05:54,840
a man whose generalship is of 
the highest quality, one who, 

2455
02:05:55,160 --> 02:06:00,280
whether his methods are plain 
force or working in the dark, or

2456
02:06:00,280 --> 02:06:05,400
of seizing an unexpected 
advantage, yet seldom fails to 

2457
02:06:05,400 --> 02:06:09,600
achieve his objects. 
He can use the night time as 

2458
02:06:09,600 --> 02:06:14,960
well as the daytime, and when he
wants to move fast he will put 

2459
02:06:14,960 --> 02:06:19,440
breakfast and dinner into one 
meal, so as not to interrupt his

2460
02:06:19,440 --> 02:06:22,320
work. 
He will not think it right to 

2461
02:06:22,320 --> 02:06:26,840
rest until he has reached the 
point for which he set out and 

2462
02:06:26,840 --> 02:06:31,160
done all that had to be done. 
And he has trained his men to 

2463
02:06:31,160 --> 02:06:36,960
behave in the same way, although
he also knows how to gratify the

2464
02:06:36,960 --> 02:06:41,440
feelings of his soldiers when 
they have won some success as 

2465
02:06:41,440 --> 02:06:46,920
the result of extra hard work. 
So all who follow him have 

2466
02:06:46,920 --> 02:06:52,240
learned this too, that one can 
have a good time also if one 

2467
02:06:52,240 --> 02:06:56,600
works for it. 
Then too he is more self 

2468
02:06:56,600 --> 02:07:02,080
controlled than any man I know 
with regard to all bodily 

2469
02:07:02,080 --> 02:07:06,400
pleasures. 
These never take up his time and

2470
02:07:06,400 --> 02:07:09,160
prevent him from doing what has 
to be done. 

2471
02:07:10,200 --> 02:07:12,600
So that's Polytimus talking to 
Sparta. 

2472
02:07:12,600 --> 02:07:15,240
This is making his case to them,
saying, hey, look, I mean, this 

2473
02:07:15,240 --> 02:07:16,480
is what we're up against. 
You what? 

2474
02:07:16,480 --> 02:07:18,600
What should we do? 
It's like the if you're going to

2475
02:07:18,600 --> 02:07:20,440
send some, if you're if you're 
going to help, it needs to be a 

2476
02:07:20,440 --> 02:07:21,880
lot of help. 
He's making the case this is a 

2477
02:07:21,880 --> 02:07:25,280
serious enemy. 
And yeah, so this is the this is

2478
02:07:25,280 --> 02:07:26,560
the conundrum we're in, you 
know? 

2479
02:07:26,560 --> 02:07:29,520
So what do you want to do? 
Sparta says, yeah, we can't. 

2480
02:07:29,520 --> 02:07:31,240
We can't fight that right now. 
We can't, we can't do it. 

2481
02:07:31,240 --> 02:07:35,600
So just do your best. 
So he goes back to Jason and 

2482
02:07:35,600 --> 02:07:37,920
says, hey, yeah, they're not 
going to send an army. 

2483
02:07:37,920 --> 02:07:42,680
So, you know, you were right. 
But can I talk to Fesla? 

2484
02:07:42,680 --> 02:07:45,200
Can I talk to Farsalis? 
Let me convince them to 

2485
02:07:45,440 --> 02:07:49,480
surrender because they put their
trust in me and I need them to 

2486
02:07:49,480 --> 02:07:51,920
agree to it. 
I can't just turn them turn this

2487
02:07:51,920 --> 02:07:54,480
over to you. 
They'll see that as a betrayal. 

2488
02:07:54,480 --> 02:07:57,200
I need to do right by my people.
And Jason, again, is like, yeah,

2489
02:07:57,200 --> 02:07:58,560
I respect that. 
I respect that. 

2490
02:07:59,120 --> 02:08:00,800
And he says, can I go ahead? 
Go ahead. 

2491
02:08:01,360 --> 02:08:03,800
And it worked that Farsalis was 
convinced. 

2492
02:08:03,800 --> 02:08:05,680
They're like, yeah, like, we 
don't want to fight that guy. 

2493
02:08:05,680 --> 02:08:09,320
And, you know, it's better to be
on his side than against him. 

2494
02:08:09,320 --> 02:08:11,800
He seems like a decent fellow 
despite his aggression. 

2495
02:08:12,160 --> 02:08:14,480
We could do a lot worse. 
You know, like, at least he's 

2496
02:08:14,480 --> 02:08:16,280
virtuous. 
At least he's someone to look up

2497
02:08:16,280 --> 02:08:18,360
to in terms of how he behaves 
with his person. 

2498
02:08:18,680 --> 02:08:22,640
So that happened. 
And now with Thessaly pretty 

2499
02:08:22,640 --> 02:08:27,120
much fully in hand, he 
reinstalled a tax system that 

2500
02:08:27,120 --> 02:08:29,880
had been in place from a ruler 
many generations before. 

2501
02:08:29,960 --> 02:08:32,440
Some it was something that was 
kind of familiar and that 

2502
02:08:32,440 --> 02:08:35,240
allowed him to start collecting 
more revenue, which really set 

2503
02:08:35,240 --> 02:08:37,800
him up well, not only to 
continue to make sure he had 

2504
02:08:37,800 --> 02:08:40,000
enough money to pay his 
mercenaries, but to go beyond 

2505
02:08:40,000 --> 02:08:44,000
that. 
Let me return to the issue of 

2506
02:08:44,000 --> 02:08:45,680
Isocrates the philosopher, 
because he's a really 

2507
02:08:45,680 --> 02:08:49,080
interesting guy and the fact 
that he was sort of very pro 

2508
02:08:49,080 --> 02:08:53,440
Jason here. 
This is a guy that was rather 

2509
02:08:53,440 --> 02:08:56,680
than what a lot of philosophers 
discuss, which is like the 

2510
02:08:56,680 --> 02:09:00,960
meaning of life and why are we 
here and how the cosmos work. 

2511
02:09:00,960 --> 02:09:02,880
Isocrates couldn't be bothered 
with that. 

2512
02:09:03,200 --> 02:09:08,160
He wanted practical application.
He wanted philosophy for him was

2513
02:09:08,160 --> 02:09:13,520
a way to solve regular human 
problems, ethics rather than 

2514
02:09:13,520 --> 02:09:16,320
metaphysics, you know, 
application of things like 

2515
02:09:16,320 --> 02:09:20,680
things he could do not just like
imagine or or picture, you know,

2516
02:09:20,720 --> 02:09:23,560
how how to help people 
day-to-day that he cared about 

2517
02:09:23,560 --> 02:09:26,840
that more. 
He's still studied by people 

2518
02:09:26,840 --> 02:09:29,160
interested in rhetoric, you 
know, so there's he's still an 

2519
02:09:29,160 --> 02:09:31,960
academic tradition around 
Isocrates, one of many people 

2520
02:09:31,960 --> 02:09:35,480
from his age that continue to 
have a big influence 2500 years 

2521
02:09:35,480 --> 02:09:38,640
later. 
Now Plato was his rival. 

2522
02:09:38,680 --> 02:09:43,920
In fact, Plato founded the 
Academy somewhat as a response 

2523
02:09:43,920 --> 02:09:47,400
to Isocrates school of thought. 
So these two were kind of, you 

2524
02:09:47,400 --> 02:09:50,680
know, they were opposed in some 
ways of thinking. 

2525
02:09:51,400 --> 02:09:57,120
Isocrates did favor democracy, 
but he also favored Greek 

2526
02:09:57,320 --> 02:09:59,520
peoples conquering non Greek 
people. 

2527
02:09:59,520 --> 02:10:02,600
Remember this time anyone who 
wasn't Greek was barbarian. 

2528
02:10:02,600 --> 02:10:04,920
That's just barbarian doesn't 
mean doesn't have the current 

2529
02:10:04,920 --> 02:10:08,240
connotation. 
Barbarian just meant non Greek 

2530
02:10:08,240 --> 02:10:12,400
speaker back then. 
So and to then that did have a 

2531
02:10:12,400 --> 02:10:15,160
connotation of looking down on 
them, but it's not the same as 

2532
02:10:15,320 --> 02:10:16,840
the way we use the word 
barbarian now. 

2533
02:10:17,640 --> 02:10:20,400
So he wanted Greek unity. 
He's like, yeah, I'm 60 years 

2534
02:10:20,400 --> 02:10:23,760
old, I'm a student of history. 
We just fight each other all the

2535
02:10:23,760 --> 02:10:26,400
damn time. 
Let's not do that. 

2536
02:10:27,600 --> 02:10:30,040
And we to do that, we need a 
powerful leader to unite us. 

2537
02:10:30,520 --> 02:10:33,720
So he wanted that. 
He wanted to be Greek. 

2538
02:10:33,720 --> 02:10:35,000
He didn't want some non Greek 
leader. 

2539
02:10:35,000 --> 02:10:36,680
He wasn't about Persia. 
He didn't want Persia to come 

2540
02:10:36,680 --> 02:10:37,960
over and dominate. 
That's not good. 

2541
02:10:38,840 --> 02:10:40,160
Is this a good thing? 
Is it? 

2542
02:10:40,160 --> 02:10:45,160
Is it a good thing to combine 
the to conquer to cause all this

2543
02:10:45,160 --> 02:10:47,160
death in order to save people in
the future? 

2544
02:10:47,760 --> 02:10:51,720
It's a difficult moral question.
Aegon the Conqueror has a strong

2545
02:10:51,720 --> 02:10:55,040
argument for yes. 
In Westeros there was way less 

2546
02:10:55,040 --> 02:10:57,200
war after the conquest than 
there was before. 

2547
02:10:57,200 --> 02:11:01,200
Way less people dying in war or 
from the side effects of war. 

2548
02:11:01,520 --> 02:11:04,320
Way fewer people starving. 
The population of Westeros 

2549
02:11:04,320 --> 02:11:06,560
peaked under Jairus. 
I mean. 

2550
02:11:06,560 --> 02:11:10,480
And this was directly a direct 
result of Aegon causing so much 

2551
02:11:10,480 --> 02:11:12,640
peace. 
The King's Peace of Westeros was

2552
02:11:12,640 --> 02:11:16,560
huge for prosperity and peace, 
and for the average commoner's 

2553
02:11:16,560 --> 02:11:23,160
life went way up in expectation.
So that's kind of what Isocrates

2554
02:11:23,160 --> 02:11:24,880
is getting at. 
He's like, look, the only way 

2555
02:11:24,880 --> 02:11:26,920
we're going to stop all this 
internecine struggle is if a 

2556
02:11:26,920 --> 02:11:30,800
strong leader unites us. 
And any of this guy 

2557
02:11:30,800 --> 02:11:34,600
corresponding with Jason Efirai,
the guy who seems most capable 

2558
02:11:34,600 --> 02:11:39,400
of doing that in this era. 
Jason, in fact, once said that 

2559
02:11:39,400 --> 02:11:42,920
he had to do some few unjust 
things in order to do many just 

2560
02:11:42,920 --> 02:11:45,480
ones. 
Isn't that the argument Egg and 

2561
02:11:45,480 --> 02:11:46,960
the Conqueror would effectively 
be making? 

2562
02:11:46,960 --> 02:11:49,400
I had to do some unjust things, 
do some just ones. 

2563
02:11:49,400 --> 02:11:53,880
Like I made Westeros a much more
peaceful place to get it there, 

2564
02:11:53,880 --> 02:11:56,320
I had to kill some people, you 
know, some people who maybe 

2565
02:11:56,320 --> 02:11:58,200
didn't deserve it, a few who 
did. 

2566
02:11:58,800 --> 02:12:02,000
Now, the other side of this 
argument is, you know, Magor. 

2567
02:12:02,640 --> 02:12:06,360
People like Magor. 
So yeah, Aegon comes along and 

2568
02:12:06,360 --> 02:12:08,480
then you have Megawar. 
You have Harris and LSA on the 

2569
02:12:08,480 --> 02:12:10,160
good side, but you have Megawar 
on the other side who's just 

2570
02:12:10,160 --> 02:12:13,200
killing septons and, and people 
who follow the religion that he 

2571
02:12:13,200 --> 02:12:15,200
doesn't like. 
So yeah, that's, that's the 

2572
02:12:15,280 --> 02:12:17,520
downside, the very downside. 
And of course you have people 

2573
02:12:17,520 --> 02:12:19,480
like Artaxerxes who are like 
Aegon the Unworthy. 

2574
02:12:19,960 --> 02:12:24,400
This is a dynasty that has 
become corrupt and is just 

2575
02:12:24,680 --> 02:12:28,880
overly steeped in luxury. 
And yeah, now Greece also in 

2576
02:12:28,880 --> 02:12:32,480
this era, we said this before, 
there's like a balance that 

2577
02:12:32,800 --> 02:12:35,640
Persia wanted to maintain. 
Persia still wants to be able to

2578
02:12:35,640 --> 02:12:39,520
hire Greek mercenaries because 
the hoplite Greek phalanxes were

2579
02:12:39,520 --> 02:12:42,680
the still the best infantry of 
the day anywhere. 

2580
02:12:43,520 --> 02:12:46,400
So Persia wanted to hire those 
to help fight against anyone who

2581
02:12:46,400 --> 02:12:48,960
was rebelling or just to, you 
know, make themselves stronger 

2582
02:12:48,960 --> 02:12:54,800
to to enforce their empire. 
So he can't have too much war in

2583
02:12:54,800 --> 02:12:56,360
Greece, else there's no soldiers
to hire. 

2584
02:12:56,360 --> 02:13:02,120
But if there's too little, then 
they're going to be an enemy to 

2585
02:13:02,120 --> 02:13:05,680
Persia so that they could unite 
and become a problem in that 

2586
02:13:05,680 --> 02:13:09,000
sense. 
So a lot of the, at this era, a 

2587
02:13:09,000 --> 02:13:13,240
lot of the mercenaries were 
being hired by, by Artaxerxes or

2588
02:13:13,600 --> 02:13:17,840
through Farna Bazis trying to 
get that Egyptian campaign going

2589
02:13:17,840 --> 02:13:24,160
again very sluggishly. 
So note how Jason built this 

2590
02:13:24,160 --> 02:13:27,240
power. 
He hired mercenaries and then 

2591
02:13:27,240 --> 02:13:30,960
use them to make himself a ruler
and then he's able to rule the 

2592
02:13:30,960 --> 02:13:32,520
whole state and call up 
citizens. 

2593
02:13:32,640 --> 02:13:34,880
I think I said that already, but
it's just it goes to show this 

2594
02:13:34,880 --> 02:13:38,360
is a new model like this is he 
did something no one else had 

2595
02:13:38,360 --> 02:13:41,480
done before and a lot of other 
leaders perspective ambitious 

2596
02:13:41,480 --> 02:13:44,680
people are going. 
That's a really good way to do 

2597
02:13:44,680 --> 02:13:46,400
it, man. 
That's a new model that really 

2598
02:13:46,400 --> 02:13:49,080
works. 
I I respect that that's clever. 

2599
02:13:49,400 --> 02:13:53,840
I could do that. 
Maybe so and and on top of all 

2600
02:13:53,840 --> 02:13:58,160
this, Greece is just becoming a 
wealthier place this the 

2601
02:13:58,200 --> 02:14:01,360
population is growing, the 
average person's lifespan is 

2602
02:14:01,360 --> 02:14:03,440
going up. 
The knowledge base is going up. 

2603
02:14:03,520 --> 02:14:07,920
Medicine is improving, art is 
improving, culture is improving,

2604
02:14:07,920 --> 02:14:11,200
food is improving. 
Lots of things are, it's just 

2605
02:14:11,200 --> 02:14:17,120
becoming a better place to live.
And that simultaneously is works

2606
02:14:17,120 --> 02:14:20,640
against it in some ways because 
the the more prosperous, the 

2607
02:14:20,640 --> 02:14:23,600
more powerful it is, the more 
someone else wants to rule it, 

2608
02:14:24,240 --> 02:14:26,000
the more someone else wants to 
take it over. 

2609
02:14:26,920 --> 02:14:30,120
So yeah, nearby countries, we 
spend a lot of time on Jason, 

2610
02:14:30,120 --> 02:14:32,760
but there's some other countries
nearby that that we'll spend a 

2611
02:14:32,760 --> 02:14:34,880
few minutes on here before we 
wrap up today. 

2612
02:14:35,560 --> 02:14:39,760
Molossos, that's a place that's 
now modern day Albania. 

2613
02:14:39,760 --> 02:14:42,160
It's not really. 
It's now called Eperus or, or 

2614
02:14:42,160 --> 02:14:45,680
was later called Eperus. 
Molossus was one of three major 

2615
02:14:45,680 --> 02:14:50,120
tribes in the region of Epris. 
They're the ones that became the

2616
02:14:50,120 --> 02:14:53,520
dominant 1, and so Epris 
eventually was just ruled by the

2617
02:14:53,520 --> 02:14:55,800
Milossians, but for a while they
were separate. 

2618
02:14:56,000 --> 02:14:59,240
In this time, it's only five 
years after this has become one,

2619
02:14:59,240 --> 02:15:02,920
so I'm just setting that up now.
Now, the ruling dynasty in 

2620
02:15:02,920 --> 02:15:07,720
Molasses was the Iacidai. 
These are the descendants of 

2621
02:15:07,720 --> 02:15:12,080
Neotelimus, grandson of 
Achilles, and this is the only 

2622
02:15:12,080 --> 02:15:17,320
dynasty of Molasses or Pyrus 
that is explicitly purely Greek 

2623
02:15:17,320 --> 02:15:20,000
or recognized as Greek. 
The others are recognized as you

2624
02:15:20,000 --> 02:15:23,400
know, Proto Greek or nearby 
Greek neighbors, and that's 

2625
02:15:23,400 --> 02:15:28,200
important for their ability to 
get deeper into some of these 

2626
02:15:28,200 --> 02:15:32,680
other cultural things. 
At this time in Molasses, the 

2627
02:15:32,680 --> 02:15:35,000
birth of Princess Polyzena 
happened. 

2628
02:15:35,440 --> 02:15:37,960
Now Polyzena. 
When she was a little older, she

2629
02:15:37,960 --> 02:15:41,440
changed her name to Mertal, 
which is pretty similar to that 

2630
02:15:41,960 --> 02:15:45,760
God of death in Balder's Gate or
D&D Forgotten Realms of Raging. 

2631
02:15:46,600 --> 02:15:48,800
After joining a mystery culture,
she joined a religious cult, 

2632
02:15:48,800 --> 02:15:52,240
changed her name to Mortal. 
But then many years later, when 

2633
02:15:52,240 --> 02:15:56,480
her husband's Chariots did 
really well in the Olympics, she

2634
02:15:56,480 --> 02:16:00,400
called herself Olympias. 
Now many of you will immediately

2635
02:16:00,400 --> 02:16:02,880
recognize that name she was once
played by. 

2636
02:16:03,440 --> 02:16:06,560
But wait, what's that actress 
that Millie that was married to 

2637
02:16:06,560 --> 02:16:08,880
Angelina Jolie played Olympias 
in a movie? 

2638
02:16:09,240 --> 02:16:11,960
I'm kind of being coy with who 
whose mother she is. 

2639
02:16:11,960 --> 02:16:14,520
Some of you already know, but 
I'll for those of you who don't 

2640
02:16:14,520 --> 02:16:16,320
know, I'll leave it as a 
surprise, but this is a very 

2641
02:16:16,320 --> 02:16:18,840
important person. 
She claimed descent also, 

2642
02:16:18,920 --> 02:16:23,400
besides from Achilles, she 
claimed descent from Trojan 

2643
02:16:23,400 --> 02:16:27,920
Prince Helenus, who was the one 
of the sons of Prime and Hecuba 

2644
02:16:27,920 --> 02:16:29,400
and the twin brother of 
Cassandra. 

2645
02:16:29,400 --> 02:16:34,959
So Helenus is the lesser, less 
famous twin of the two there. 

2646
02:16:34,959 --> 02:16:36,920
Cassandra's the one that 
everybody remembers, but he was 

2647
02:16:36,920 --> 02:16:39,000
a seer. 
Also, in some traditions, 

2648
02:16:39,280 --> 02:16:42,360
Helenus was taught by Cassandra,
in other traditions, they just 

2649
02:16:42,360 --> 02:16:43,920
were both kind of born with the 
ability. 

2650
02:16:44,639 --> 02:16:48,080
So yeah, molasses out. 
This area is by 370, so only 

2651
02:16:48,080 --> 02:16:51,680
five more years from now it's 
going to be a state rather than 

2652
02:16:51,680 --> 02:16:54,600
warring tribes. 
Thrace, Thrace. 

2653
02:16:54,600 --> 02:16:57,600
Modern day Thrace is Bulgaria, 
parts of Greece and Turkey. 

2654
02:16:58,320 --> 02:17:04,760
Back when Persia under Xerxes 
invaded Greece, when they lost, 

2655
02:17:04,760 --> 02:17:08,120
when they when their power 
slipped after their failure 

2656
02:17:08,120 --> 02:17:13,520
there, the Odresian dynasty 
emerged in their wake and 

2657
02:17:13,520 --> 02:17:18,440
dominated the region of Thrace, 
now Thrace, So it's became a 

2658
02:17:18,440 --> 02:17:21,240
Kingdom maybe around that time, 
maybe around 480, so a little 

2659
02:17:21,240 --> 02:17:23,160
bit earlier than some of these 
other places, but it's still 

2660
02:17:23,160 --> 02:17:25,920
very tribal and more like and 
not unified. 

2661
02:17:25,920 --> 02:17:29,639
But around this era you have a 
king named Katis, the first, who

2662
02:17:29,639 --> 02:17:32,520
had really pushed it to another 
level, and it did start to 

2663
02:17:32,520 --> 02:17:36,639
resemble more of a a state with 
organization and unity. 

2664
02:17:37,160 --> 02:17:41,680
And one of his daughters is 
going to marry if Ficritis the 

2665
02:17:41,680 --> 02:17:45,080
innovator, which is the real 
unusual thing, if Ficritis is an

2666
02:17:45,080 --> 02:17:49,559
Athenian, marrying a Thracian is
very odd because Athens and 

2667
02:17:49,559 --> 02:17:52,280
Thrace have gone to war many 
times. 

2668
02:17:53,000 --> 02:17:55,040
So this is going to be a little 
bit of an issue down the line 

2669
02:17:55,040 --> 02:17:57,080
for ethiquities and his he's 
going to be kind of have his 

2670
02:17:57,080 --> 02:17:59,920
feet in two camps that are not 
always happy with each other. 

2671
02:18:00,480 --> 02:18:05,000
Thrace is also going to play the
Game of Thrones by marriage 

2672
02:18:05,000 --> 02:18:06,719
alliances. 
That's one of the most standard 

2673
02:18:06,719 --> 02:18:10,320
elements here. 
And the Odresian dynasty, not 

2674
02:18:10,320 --> 02:18:11,440
just Cotis, but some of the 
others. 

2675
02:18:11,440 --> 02:18:13,959
We're going to see marriages 
with Macedonia and some other 

2676
02:18:13,959 --> 02:18:16,480
neighbors, and that's going to 
create some important power 

2677
02:18:16,480 --> 02:18:20,040
blocks. 
Speaking of Macedonia, we talked

2678
02:18:20,280 --> 02:18:22,680
last time about Amintas the 
Third. 

2679
02:18:22,920 --> 02:18:25,280
He had lent some of his 
territory to the Chacodian 

2680
02:18:25,280 --> 02:18:27,559
League. 
They refused to give it back. 

2681
02:18:27,760 --> 02:18:29,879
He got Sparta to help. 
Sparta helped him. 

2682
02:18:30,120 --> 02:18:34,000
Sparta and Amintas have things 
in common because they're both 

2683
02:18:34,639 --> 02:18:36,799
monarchies. 
So they have that, you know, 

2684
02:18:36,799 --> 02:18:38,520
they have some idealism in 
common. 

2685
02:18:38,840 --> 02:18:43,840
He was the first Macedonian king
in at least six decades to have 

2686
02:18:43,840 --> 02:18:45,600
a reign free from internal 
strife. 

2687
02:18:46,320 --> 02:18:48,480
Of course, he faced strife 
elsewhere, from his neighbors, 

2688
02:18:48,480 --> 02:18:50,360
the Illyrians to the West 
mainly. 

2689
02:18:50,760 --> 02:18:54,400
So Macedonia was already a state
with kings, but this was the 

2690
02:18:54,400 --> 02:18:57,639
first time in a long time that 
they had, like, stability. 

2691
02:18:57,920 --> 02:19:01,959
So some of the states nearby 
here are forming themselves into

2692
02:19:01,959 --> 02:19:05,559
monarchies. 
Some of them are just sort of 

2693
02:19:05,879 --> 02:19:08,600
getting through the early stages
of violent stages of early 

2694
02:19:08,600 --> 02:19:10,559
monarchy and becoming more 
organized and more dangerous to 

2695
02:19:10,559 --> 02:19:16,160
their neighbors, more capable. 
At one point, the Illyrians, who

2696
02:19:16,160 --> 02:19:20,280
are the most tribal of these 
states, installed a pretender on

2697
02:19:20,280 --> 02:19:22,120
the Macedonian throne. 
That's how powerful they got 

2698
02:19:22,120 --> 02:19:24,080
that they installed a a 
pretender on the Macedonian 

2699
02:19:24,080 --> 02:19:27,920
throne. 
Cecily helped by Jason Efirai's 

2700
02:19:27,920 --> 02:19:34,760
father, like Efron, probably 
expelled the Illyrians and Jason

2701
02:19:34,760 --> 02:19:37,680
was able to maintain that 
friendship with the Macedonians 

2702
02:19:37,680 --> 02:19:41,280
and and kept that relationship 
going as part of this deal with 

2703
02:19:41,280 --> 02:19:44,799
Illyria. 
This guy I'm interest the third 

2704
02:19:44,799 --> 02:19:50,720
he married Yuridiki. 
Yuridiki is going to have three 

2705
02:19:50,720 --> 02:19:53,120
children. 
She her story's pretty 

2706
02:19:53,120 --> 02:19:55,600
interesting too, but her 
children Alexander, Perdicus and

2707
02:19:55,600 --> 02:19:57,920
Philip are all going to be 
important. 

2708
02:19:58,240 --> 02:20:00,040
Philip's birth we took note of 
last episode. 

2709
02:20:00,240 --> 02:20:04,240
Now he also tried to get if it 
critis to marry one of his 

2710
02:20:04,240 --> 02:20:07,680
daughters. 
But he he married Cotis, the 

2711
02:20:07,680 --> 02:20:11,400
first daughter instead, but he 
still wanted that relationship. 

2712
02:20:11,400 --> 02:20:14,280
So he adopted A ficartese. 
That's right. 

2713
02:20:14,280 --> 02:20:17,240
And Mintas the third adopted A 
Ficartese. 

2714
02:20:17,720 --> 02:20:20,240
So ficartese is just like 
everybody uses, everybody wants 

2715
02:20:20,240 --> 02:20:23,920
a ficartese. 
He's married to daughter of the 

2716
02:20:23,920 --> 02:20:26,920
Thracians. 
The Macedonians wanted him and 

2717
02:20:26,920 --> 02:20:29,600
adopted him. 
He's sent to Egypt to fight for 

2718
02:20:29,600 --> 02:20:35,040
Persia against the Egyptians. 
And he's a hero in Athens for 

2719
02:20:35,960 --> 02:20:38,760
beating Sparta a little bit, 
doing damage to Sparta, helping 

2720
02:20:38,760 --> 02:20:42,440
them win, and then innovating 
the army and changing how, like 

2721
02:20:42,440 --> 02:20:44,800
changing their footwear and 
their Shields and their 

2722
02:20:44,800 --> 02:20:47,000
everything. 
Like this guy is just what a 

2723
02:20:47,000 --> 02:20:50,880
reputation. 
Now in this year, the year 375, 

2724
02:20:51,040 --> 02:20:56,280
Amontos the Third sent Ptolemy 
of Aloros to be his envoy to 

2725
02:20:56,280 --> 02:21:00,120
Athens. 
This Ptolemy of Aloros was 

2726
02:21:00,440 --> 02:21:02,080
making some plans behind the 
scenes. 

2727
02:21:02,080 --> 02:21:05,600
Unbeknownst to Amintas, he may 
have been having an affair with 

2728
02:21:05,600 --> 02:21:10,560
Yuridiki, Amintas's wife. 
Now, Macedonian kings often had 

2729
02:21:10,560 --> 02:21:13,560
multiple wives, which, you know,
makes it a little easier for 

2730
02:21:13,560 --> 02:21:16,200
them to have affairs because, 
you know, you know, distracted 

2731
02:21:16,200 --> 02:21:19,680
by other people. 
This affair may not have 

2732
02:21:19,680 --> 02:21:21,400
happened till after Amintas's 
death. 

2733
02:21:21,400 --> 02:21:24,560
We'll see. 
But either way, they're, they're

2734
02:21:24,560 --> 02:21:25,880
making moves. 
They're they're doing some 

2735
02:21:25,880 --> 02:21:27,320
intrigue behind the scenes 
there. 

2736
02:21:27,320 --> 02:21:30,560
As we, as we've said, the 
Macedonian throne mostly very 

2737
02:21:30,560 --> 02:21:32,480
unstable. 
Most Macedonia. 

2738
02:21:32,480 --> 02:21:35,080
I think we even use it as an 
example in the pretenders and 

2739
02:21:35,080 --> 02:21:39,320
impostors episode of of a 
monarchy where just everyone is 

2740
02:21:39,320 --> 02:21:41,600
murdered. 
You know, like they're just the 

2741
02:21:41,600 --> 02:21:44,720
amount of times you could find a
Macedonian king in this era or 

2742
02:21:44,720 --> 02:21:48,800
100 years before that didn't die
of murder is like a one or two. 

2743
02:21:48,880 --> 02:21:51,000
And some of those were just they
died of illness within two 

2744
02:21:51,000 --> 02:21:52,720
years, like no one had time to 
murder them yet. 

2745
02:21:53,280 --> 02:21:56,040
Hey, if he hadn't died of 
illness, he probably would have 

2746
02:21:56,040 --> 02:21:57,760
been murdered. 
You know, I just the sickness 

2747
02:21:57,760 --> 02:22:00,440
got him first. 
So Illyria, let's talk about 

2748
02:22:00,440 --> 02:22:02,000
Illyria. 
It's the it's the second to last

2749
02:22:02,000 --> 02:22:03,360
of these. 
Oh no, it's the last of these. 

2750
02:22:03,360 --> 02:22:06,400
My bad. 
Now Illyria has a reputation for

2751
02:22:06,400 --> 02:22:11,800
piracy rating and even into 
Roman times, the Illyrian 

2752
02:22:11,800 --> 02:22:14,560
pirates were a thing. 
There was a queen of Illyria, 

2753
02:22:14,560 --> 02:22:17,880
the queen of pirates that just a
lot of really neat stories that 

2754
02:22:17,960 --> 02:22:22,440
that come out over the course of
several centuries In this era, 

2755
02:22:23,000 --> 02:22:26,040
they're coalescing a bit. 
They're not like a full Kingdom 

2756
02:22:26,040 --> 02:22:28,960
yet not the not the way these 
other nearby kingdoms would 

2757
02:22:28,960 --> 02:22:32,560
recognize, but they have their 
first royal dynasty ever. 

2758
02:22:32,960 --> 02:22:37,760
And this guy is called Bardilas.
He was born in 448 BC. 

2759
02:22:37,760 --> 02:22:40,120
He was a coal miner. 
That's something else 

2760
02:22:40,120 --> 02:22:44,880
fascinating about this era or 
some of these earlier eras or 

2761
02:22:45,200 --> 02:22:47,640
any era that's where our country
is new. 

2762
02:22:48,240 --> 02:22:51,960
Because once you have a dynasty,
it's just people that are from 

2763
02:22:51,960 --> 02:22:54,360
that dynasty. 
But when a dynasty is new, it 

2764
02:22:54,360 --> 02:22:57,120
can come from anywhere. 
It can be someone that claims to

2765
02:22:57,120 --> 02:22:59,880
descend from Achilles or Zeus or
something like that, but can 

2766
02:22:59,880 --> 02:23:02,960
also just be a coal miner. 
And that is just something you 

2767
02:23:02,960 --> 02:23:05,400
just don't see any other time. 
Like you don't have a coal miner

2768
02:23:05,400 --> 02:23:08,360
in the middle of a dynasty. 
You might have it at the end or 

2769
02:23:08,360 --> 02:23:11,640
the beginning, like when someone
else takes over, but during no. 

2770
02:23:12,400 --> 02:23:16,600
So he was just a bad ass, just 
ambitious, strong, capable, low 

2771
02:23:16,600 --> 02:23:18,240
birth. 
But goes to show that doesn't 

2772
02:23:18,240 --> 02:23:21,720
matter, not always anyway. 
He developed the first Illyrian 

2773
02:23:21,720 --> 02:23:24,200
royal dynasty. 
He was the first to develop 

2774
02:23:24,240 --> 02:23:27,840
Illyria both militarily and 
economically to reinvest rather 

2775
02:23:27,840 --> 02:23:29,200
than just this tribal 
infrastructure. 

2776
02:23:29,200 --> 02:23:31,040
He started to, you know, make 
them more of a state, like I 

2777
02:23:31,040 --> 02:23:33,000
said. 
And he had a dream to conquer 

2778
02:23:33,000 --> 02:23:35,040
eastward, which was shared by a 
lot of Illyrians. 

2779
02:23:35,400 --> 02:23:37,640
Again, this is Croatia. 
So to the West there's there's 

2780
02:23:37,640 --> 02:23:44,360
water and Italy, which at this 
area is not nearly as wealthy as

2781
02:23:44,360 --> 02:23:47,560
Greece and Persia and all that. 
Rome, Rome is not much of a 

2782
02:23:47,560 --> 02:23:48,880
thing yet. 
They did they exist. 

2783
02:23:48,880 --> 02:23:52,040
Obviously we've giving some news
updates on them from here and 

2784
02:23:52,040 --> 02:23:53,360
there, but they're not that 
powerful yet. 

2785
02:23:53,760 --> 02:23:57,040
Eventually Bardelis did invade 
Macedonia. 

2786
02:23:57,200 --> 02:24:03,040
Remember I said that Amintas the
third had to pay a tribute back 

2787
02:24:03,040 --> 02:24:06,120
then and had to have that 
pretender on the throne for a 

2788
02:24:06,120 --> 02:24:07,280
while. 
Well, this is the guy that did 

2789
02:24:07,280 --> 02:24:10,680
that. 
That was resolved eventually. 

2790
02:24:11,760 --> 02:24:15,240
Three years ahead of where we're
talking 372, a deal was finally 

2791
02:24:15,240 --> 02:24:17,760
made. 
The Illyrians were pushed back, 

2792
02:24:18,160 --> 02:24:21,280
but he got them. 
They were such a threat that 

2793
02:24:21,280 --> 02:24:22,840
Amintas had to pay them a 
tribute. 

2794
02:24:23,080 --> 02:24:27,880
So Amintas, king of Macedonia, 
is sending money to Bardilas, 

2795
02:24:27,880 --> 02:24:31,240
first king of Illyria, to to not
attack. 

2796
02:24:31,480 --> 02:24:35,160
And by this time, by 372, 
Bardilas is going to be 76 years

2797
02:24:35,200 --> 02:24:38,040
old. 
So big deal. 10 years prior, 13 

2798
02:24:38,040 --> 02:24:42,680
years prior, in 385, Bardilas 
had allied with that Dionysius 

2799
02:24:42,680 --> 02:24:47,160
of Syracuse, who sent him armor 
and weapons. 

2800
02:24:47,640 --> 02:24:49,640
Armor and weapons. 
Because this is more of a tribal

2801
02:24:49,640 --> 02:24:51,800
state, they don't have the 
infrastructure to build as many,

2802
02:24:51,800 --> 02:24:54,160
they don't have as many Smiths 
and forges and all that. 

2803
02:24:54,520 --> 02:24:56,920
So a bunch of suits of armor is 
a real big deal. 

2804
02:24:57,240 --> 02:24:59,200
And he did this. 
What he did with that was he 

2805
02:24:59,200 --> 02:25:02,880
massacred 15,000 Milossians and 
began raiding Emperors. 

2806
02:25:03,360 --> 02:25:06,320
He even tried to take the Temple
of Delphi, like tried to capture

2807
02:25:06,320 --> 02:25:09,920
the Oracle of Delphi. 
That got a lot more of Greece 

2808
02:25:09,920 --> 02:25:12,240
interested. 
Even Adisalaus came forward with

2809
02:25:12,240 --> 02:25:14,240
that. 
Adisalaus with Thessaly and 

2810
02:25:14,240 --> 02:25:17,920
Macedonia all teamed up to stop 
Bardelas from taking Delphi, but

2811
02:25:17,920 --> 02:25:20,440
they didn't stop him overall. 
They just stopped that 

2812
02:25:20,440 --> 02:25:24,120
particular plan. 
Now Bardelas also going to play 

2813
02:25:24,120 --> 02:25:27,880
the Game of Thrones with 
marriage alliances he's going to

2814
02:25:27,880 --> 02:25:29,240
have. 
He's going to have people his 

2815
02:25:29,240 --> 02:25:31,760
daughters are going to marry 
into Macedonia and other places.

2816
02:25:32,360 --> 02:25:38,240
One of them is the famous 
warrior Princess Kanane. 

2817
02:25:38,640 --> 02:25:40,320
But she's not born for another 
18 years. 

2818
02:25:40,320 --> 02:25:42,040
We will definitely talk about 
her when the time comes. 

2819
02:25:42,040 --> 02:25:45,520
So teaser there, Princess, 
Warrior Princess Kanane, she is 

2820
02:25:45,560 --> 02:25:49,320
a real bad ass. 
So as you can see, as I set out 

2821
02:25:49,320 --> 02:25:53,840
to explain, as I hope I've 
accomplished, several northern 

2822
02:25:53,840 --> 02:25:59,120
states are coalescing into 
kingdoms that are capable of 

2823
02:25:59,120 --> 02:26:01,600
acting as one. 
They're unified, or at least 

2824
02:26:01,600 --> 02:26:04,280
partly unified, certainly more 
than they had been in the past, 

2825
02:26:04,920 --> 02:26:08,920
and they are dealing with each 
other as well as Greece proper 

2826
02:26:08,960 --> 02:26:13,280
and with Persia. 
And it's creating this bigger 

2827
02:26:13,520 --> 02:26:17,280
world, this bigger sort of 
region where our story is taking

2828
02:26:17,280 --> 02:26:19,400
place. 
You've got more characters 

2829
02:26:19,400 --> 02:26:24,240
entering the picture, more 
powers, more personas, and more 

2830
02:26:24,240 --> 02:26:27,680
goals. 
And with that, the wars get a 

2831
02:26:27,680 --> 02:26:29,960
little trickier. 
The the intrigue gets trickier, 

2832
02:26:29,960 --> 02:26:34,760
you got more considerations. 
Every country has its enemies 

2833
02:26:34,760 --> 02:26:38,560
and its allies, and these can be
entangling, right? 

2834
02:26:38,560 --> 02:26:41,080
Some people like this guy might 
be a A-Team, a friend of this 

2835
02:26:41,080 --> 02:26:43,280
guy, but that guy's a friend of 
his enemy. 

2836
02:26:44,160 --> 02:26:47,040
And people switch sides all the 
time because as considerations 

2837
02:26:47,080 --> 02:26:51,760
change, Athens was fired up to 
attack Sparta after the incident

2838
02:26:51,760 --> 02:26:55,720
with Fodrios attacking their 
port or trying to. 

2839
02:26:56,160 --> 02:26:58,520
But only two years later, they 
were like, I don't want to fight

2840
02:26:58,520 --> 02:27:00,880
Sparta anymore. 
We have our own goals. 

2841
02:27:00,880 --> 02:27:02,160
And, you know, we don't care 
about that. 

2842
02:27:02,160 --> 02:27:04,680
We we'd rather have Sparta. 
Now it's things are even between

2843
02:27:04,680 --> 02:27:06,280
Sparta and Thebes, and we're 
happy with that. 

2844
02:27:06,840 --> 02:27:09,200
So yeah, it's not ideology, it's
self-interest. 

2845
02:27:10,000 --> 02:27:12,440
And sometimes ideology is a good
cover story for self-interest. 

2846
02:27:12,440 --> 02:27:17,360
But yeah, so just like Persia 
wanted to dominate Greece 

2847
02:27:17,360 --> 02:27:21,000
proper, what whether through 
military force, money or both, 

2848
02:27:21,600 --> 02:27:23,960
that's what these northern 
kingdoms are going to do or are 

2849
02:27:23,960 --> 02:27:25,920
doing. 
And they're a lot closer. 

2850
02:27:26,000 --> 02:27:27,600
They're right there. 
They don't have to March 

2851
02:27:27,840 --> 02:27:32,440
thousands of miles and then 
cross the Black Sea, cross the 

2852
02:27:32,440 --> 02:27:36,200
Bosphorus, cross the the 
Dardanelles, the Hellespont to 

2853
02:27:36,200 --> 02:27:38,000
bring an army in that nobody 
wants. 

2854
02:27:38,560 --> 02:27:42,600
It's a lot bigger threat to 
Greece when the armies are 

2855
02:27:42,600 --> 02:27:44,960
themselves somewhat or entirely 
Greek. 

2856
02:27:45,360 --> 02:27:49,480
Like you don't have the the 
built in prejudice that helps 

2857
02:27:49,480 --> 02:27:53,280
push back against foreign rule 
when the rulers that intend to 

2858
02:27:53,280 --> 02:27:57,560
conquer are close enough 
culturally that that doesn't 

2859
02:27:57,560 --> 02:27:59,640
really matter. 
You know, you can't say 

2860
02:27:59,720 --> 02:28:01,720
everybody's fired up stop the 
Persian. 

2861
02:28:02,360 --> 02:28:05,760
Not that fired up to stop the 
the Thessalians. 

2862
02:28:05,760 --> 02:28:08,880
They're kind of Greek too. 
You know, it's not as people 

2863
02:28:08,880 --> 02:28:10,160
don't get as fired up about 
that. 

2864
02:28:10,160 --> 02:28:13,280
They they hate Persia. 
Thessaly is just to them, that's

2865
02:28:13,280 --> 02:28:15,640
just like those are just the 
country bumpkins. 

2866
02:28:15,640 --> 02:28:17,000
They don't want to be conquered 
by that. 

2867
02:28:17,000 --> 02:28:20,040
But it's much more preferable 
than than Persia. 

2868
02:28:20,880 --> 02:28:25,280
So will these powers unite or 
and turn their eyes southward? 

2869
02:28:25,280 --> 02:28:29,760
Will they attack Greece? 
Or will they just be too busy 

2870
02:28:29,760 --> 02:28:32,920
with each other the way Greece 
is kind of busy with itself? 

2871
02:28:33,400 --> 02:28:36,440
Will these northern states ally 
with the southern States and 

2872
02:28:36,440 --> 02:28:39,240
create more entanglements? 
And, well, what's going to 

2873
02:28:39,240 --> 02:28:40,640
happen with Jason? 
What's going to happen with 

2874
02:28:40,640 --> 02:28:45,280
Bardelis, Cotis, Amintas, 
Palopitas, Epaminondas? 

2875
02:28:46,040 --> 02:28:48,000
Just allow us our deserts. 
These, all these guys are still 

2876
02:28:48,000 --> 02:28:50,520
alive. 
Well, you'll have to continue 

2877
02:28:50,520 --> 02:28:52,240
listening to find out the answer
to those questions. 

2878
02:28:52,240 --> 02:28:56,400
We have plenty more story coming
ahead, plenty more news on the 

2879
02:28:56,400 --> 02:28:59,640
Olympics, plenty more news on 
other cultural things. 

2880
02:28:59,640 --> 02:29:04,200
We got news about scholars, 
doctors, mathematicians, 

2881
02:29:04,760 --> 02:29:09,960
astronomers, all sorts of fun 
things besides war and intrigue,

2882
02:29:10,080 --> 02:29:13,160
but plenty of that too, 'cause 
that stuff is good as well. 

2883
02:29:13,760 --> 02:29:18,120
Next time, showdown between 
Sparta and thieves. 

2884
02:29:18,560 --> 02:29:21,520
Well, Athens is happy to take 
advantage of those two occupied 

2885
02:29:21,520 --> 02:29:24,360
with each other, trying to 
rebuild his maritime empire. 

2886
02:29:24,760 --> 02:29:29,280
Our Deserxes finally goes too 
far, as if he hadn't already. 

2887
02:29:29,280 --> 02:29:32,120
No, actually there are some 
consequences for him going too 

2888
02:29:32,120 --> 02:29:35,400
far. 
And his army is finally ready to

2889
02:29:35,400 --> 02:29:37,480
invade Egypt. 
So those are three things to 

2890
02:29:37,480 --> 02:29:42,200
look forward to next time. 
But also more more about Fokion,

2891
02:29:42,520 --> 02:29:48,640
Cliambrotus, Datamese, Cabrius, 
Ethiquities, Tira Bazis, Darius,

2892
02:29:48,640 --> 02:29:51,920
Ochus unit, you name it. 
Lots more characters, lots more 

2893
02:29:52,560 --> 02:29:56,040
intrigue, lots more Game of 
Thrones in ancient Greece. 

2894
02:29:56,640 --> 02:29:58,120
Thanks y'all for hanging out 
today. 

2895
02:29:58,120 --> 02:30:02,360
Appreciate the the interest. 
I know this topic isn't the most

2896
02:30:02,360 --> 02:30:05,200
widespread popular, but those of
you who like it tend to like it 

2897
02:30:05,200 --> 02:30:07,240
a lot. 
So I'm I'm I'm definitely 

2898
02:30:07,280 --> 02:30:09,800
excited to be able to bring it 
to you and to continue it will 

2899
02:30:09,800 --> 02:30:13,840
of course be continuing with our
Westeros content as per normal 

2900
02:30:13,840 --> 02:30:17,600
as we lead up here to a big TV 
season filled 2026. 

2901
02:30:18,000 --> 02:30:21,360
So it's exciting next year will 
be great for everyone. 

2902
02:30:21,680 --> 02:30:24,960
Here is our trivia answer. 
The question was who is said to 

2903
02:30:24,960 --> 02:30:29,000
be responsible for creating the 
sacred Band of Thebes Gargadas, 

2904
02:30:29,000 --> 02:30:32,320
who I compared to Blackfish 
cavalry leader, very clever, 

2905
02:30:32,560 --> 02:30:36,000
maybe leader of younger men at a
time when there's a youth 

2906
02:30:36,000 --> 02:30:40,040
movement, but him not so much. 
And poll results. 

2907
02:30:40,240 --> 02:30:42,360
My question was, are you 
familiar with this era of Greek 

2908
02:30:42,360 --> 02:30:45,200
history? 
41% of you said no, it's all 

2909
02:30:45,200 --> 02:30:49,120
Greek to me. 
Almost half. 39% said somewhat 

2910
02:30:49,200 --> 02:30:52,080
and 20% said yes, very. 
I'm glad. 20%, many of you 

2911
02:30:52,080 --> 02:30:53,040
actually, no, that's pretty 
cool. 

2912
02:30:53,040 --> 02:30:54,000
I'm glad. 
I mean, it is a really 

2913
02:30:54,000 --> 02:30:56,080
interesting era, as I've said, 
so I'm not obviously not the 

2914
02:30:56,080 --> 02:30:59,760
only one to notice that, not by 
not by a long shot, but I just 

2915
02:30:59,760 --> 02:31:02,000
had no idea how much you already
knew some of this. 

2916
02:31:02,000 --> 02:31:04,600
So those of you who know it 
really well, well, well, let me 

2917
02:31:04,600 --> 02:31:06,240
know how I'm doing. 
Did I miss anything? 

2918
02:31:06,240 --> 02:31:09,800
Did I get anything wrong or just
other takes? 

2919
02:31:09,800 --> 02:31:11,840
I'm interested. 
This is a fun thing to discuss. 

2920
02:31:12,080 --> 02:31:14,360
Whether it's a correction or 
just in something to add on or 

2921
02:31:14,560 --> 02:31:15,680
you know, anything, just let me 
know. 

2922
02:31:15,680 --> 02:31:17,680
Let us know. 
Maybe I'll give you a shout out 

2923
02:31:17,680 --> 02:31:20,480
in a future episode. 
And those of you who are who are

2924
02:31:20,480 --> 02:31:24,040
learning, well, I would love to 
hear what parts are most 

2925
02:31:24,040 --> 02:31:26,520
interesting to you. 
Which characters stand out the 

2926
02:31:26,520 --> 02:31:28,440
most? 
And again, as I said at the 

2927
02:31:28,440 --> 02:31:31,520
beginning, parallels to A Song 
of Ice is Fire that I that you 

2928
02:31:31,520 --> 02:31:33,160
have noticed that I haven't 
expressed. 

2929
02:31:33,720 --> 02:31:35,880
Hit me with those two. 
I'm sure there's some that I 

2930
02:31:35,880 --> 02:31:39,680
haven't noticed definitely out 
there, maybe some that I have 

2931
02:31:39,680 --> 02:31:41,480
named that you think is a better
parallel for. 

2932
02:31:41,720 --> 02:31:44,000
I said Jason's like Damon 
Blackfire. 

2933
02:31:44,320 --> 02:31:47,400
I said our Deserxes is like 
Aegon the Unworthy, but who else

2934
02:31:47,400 --> 02:31:48,440
are they like? 
There might be some other 

2935
02:31:48,440 --> 02:31:50,200
comparisons that are just as 
good or maybe even better. 

2936
02:31:50,880 --> 02:31:53,560
Some other related episodes 
besides the 1st 2 episodes in 

2937
02:31:53,560 --> 02:31:55,680
this series are The Rage of 
Heroes. 

2938
02:31:55,680 --> 02:31:57,960
That's the sort of a play on 
words with the Age of Heroes. 

2939
02:31:57,960 --> 02:31:59,480
We definitely have some Greek 
myth in that one. 

2940
02:31:59,760 --> 02:32:02,800
We have Parallel Lives episodes,
obviously inspired by Plutarch 

2941
02:32:03,120 --> 02:32:06,040
comparing generally those are 
comparing Westerosi to other 

2942
02:32:06,040 --> 02:32:08,280
Westerosi, but sometimes they're
two other figures. 

2943
02:32:08,840 --> 02:32:11,840
We have our Song of Ice and Fire
in Rome episode, which is a a 

2944
02:32:11,840 --> 02:32:15,160
deep dive like this but into 
Rome's comparisons to A Song of 

2945
02:32:15,160 --> 02:32:18,840
Ice and Fire, the Black Dinner, 
the Scottish inspiration for the

2946
02:32:18,840 --> 02:32:20,160
Red Wedding. 
We have an episode on that. 

2947
02:32:20,560 --> 02:32:24,040
And we have the Wars of the 
Roses episodes or episode and 

2948
02:32:24,040 --> 02:32:27,680
the follow up Pretenders and 
Impostors, which is a dive into 

2949
02:32:27,680 --> 02:32:31,200
fake kings, especially in the 
air after the Wars of the Roses 

2950
02:32:31,320 --> 02:32:34,360
and fake kings in A Song of Ice 
and Fire. 

2951
02:32:35,200 --> 02:32:38,760
Thanks to Joey Townsend for our 
music. 

2952
02:32:38,920 --> 02:32:42,640
Thanks to Michael Klarfeld for 
our video intro and for the maps

2953
02:32:42,640 --> 02:32:47,520
that you see behind us. 
On behalf of a Shaya, I'm Aziz. 

2954
02:32:47,800 --> 02:32:49,880
We'll see you next time for more
and you know what to do. 

2955
02:32:49,880 --> 02:32:54,600
Until then, Valar rereadus or 
hey, just Valar readus. 

2956
02:32:54,600 --> 02:32:58,320
Some Greek stuff, either one. 
See you next time, folks.