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In 382, BCA Spartan commander 
named Foibidas was leading 

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troops to reinforce a campaign 
in northern Greece. 

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They were passing by Thebes. 
This is not out of the ordinary.

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00:01:01,320 --> 00:01:04,959
Greece is very small, there's 
not a lot of room to move armies

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00:01:04,959 --> 00:01:08,960
in neutral territory. 
But suddenly they turned and 

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made a surprise attack on 
Thebes. 

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00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:14,120
On the surface is not so 
strange. 

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00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:18,640
Sparta is a unique, emotionally 
disciplined and authoritarian 

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place. 
They're often at odds with other

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Greek city states because of 
their differences and their 

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desire to rule. 
And Thebes was a frequent enemy 

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00:01:26,720 --> 00:01:31,160
given their strong democratic 
leanings and focus on including 

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love in their military ideals, 
which Sparta didn't really like 

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that. 
This triggered a series of 

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events that led to Thebes 
ascending to at least 

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equivalents with Athens and 
Sparta, turning it into a 

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recurring conflict between three
city states, something far more 

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complex than a war between 2 
powers. 

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A tale of three city states, if 
you will. 

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Each will take turns, or did 
take turns, allying with one 

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another against the other or 
others with various involvement 

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00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:03,840
from foreign powers, and each 
took turns dominating the other 

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powers in the region. 
As fans of A Song of Ice Fire, 

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00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:09,600
we know this very well. 
We know the rise and fall and 

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00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:14,640
general chaos that revolves 
around these sorts of 

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00:02:14,640 --> 00:02:16,640
engagements and these sorts of 
situations. 

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Even when much of the narrative 
in the Game of Thrones was 

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focused on Stark versus 
Lannister, it was more than 

29
00:02:22,960 --> 00:02:27,640
clear that the Baratheon 
brothers and Daenerys and maybe 

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the Ironborn would make their 
claims to the Iron Throne, or at

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least get very involved. 
As Virus told Illyrio very early

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in the book, this is no longer a
game for two players, if it ever

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was. 
And truly, it never was. 

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So in this we have instead of 
the Iron Throne, we have a 

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struggle for supremacy in Greece
from within and without. 

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Just like the Iron Throne 
includes powers from Essos, so 

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00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:55,520
does this include powers from 
the East? 

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This unrelenting civil conflict,
which that many times is going 

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00:03:00,040 --> 00:03:03,680
to remind us of the War of 5 
Kings was very exciting, but 

40
00:03:03,680 --> 00:03:07,920
also it made them a target of 
foreign powers who took 

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00:03:07,920 --> 00:03:10,040
advantage of this chaos that, 
hey, look, you guys are going to

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fight each other, that makes you
weak, and we can come and attack

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00:03:13,240 --> 00:03:15,200
you instead. 
So they wanted to make the 

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00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:19,240
Greeks into subjects or slaves 
or something along those lines. 

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00:03:19,280 --> 00:03:23,600
And they also wanted to get 
involved in that highfalutin 

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00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:27,120
Greek culture because we're fans
of A Song of Ice and Fire, and 

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00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:30,360
that's our anchor, though 
characters are the most 

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00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:32,040
important. 
We're going to talk about a lot 

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00:03:32,040 --> 00:03:35,360
of fun events and things that 
happened, but mostly we're going

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00:03:35,360 --> 00:03:37,360
to focus on the characters 
because that's the most 

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00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:40,840
interesting thing. 
This is why I'm so excited to 

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deliver these episodes. 
Yes, episodes. 

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00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:44,840
This is going to take more than 
one episode. 

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00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:49,480
It's been a favorite period of 
mine for decades. 

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In ancient history, you do have 
some incredibly exciting and 

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00:03:52,680 --> 00:03:56,520
colorful characters from the 
ancient world and it's a span of

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00:03:56,520 --> 00:03:58,600
time that's surprisingly well 
documented. 

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Our sources are pretty good. 
It's it's better than a lot of 

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00:04:02,560 --> 00:04:07,720
medieval sources and or sources 
from other eras that come later.

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I mean this is 2500 years ago 
ish, but we have worse records 

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00:04:12,400 --> 00:04:14,720
on some things that were only 
1000 or 1500 years ago. 

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And a lot of these characters, 
they're so well described and so

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vivid, they're very easily 
comparable to a lot of familiar 

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00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:26,360
a song by some fire characters. 
So it's as we do with this style

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00:04:26,360 --> 00:04:28,680
episode, it's like a fast 
forwarding. 

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00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:31,440
I can tell you, hey, this guy is
like, well, I'm wearing a Prince

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00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:34,240
Damon shirt because there's a 
character very similar to Prince

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00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:36,360
Damon in this episode, very 
featured. 

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00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:38,440
So that helps you understand 
this guy right away. 

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I don't have to go through 20 
minutes of describing someone's 

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00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:43,400
personality when I can just say,
hey, think of Prince Damon. 

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So it's a head start on getting 
in their heads and what they're 

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00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:48,120
all about. 
Along those lines, we have a 

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00:04:48,120 --> 00:04:51,680
character who's kind of like 
Stannis mashed up with Baylor 

75
00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:53,880
breaks beer and Core in Half 
Hand. 

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00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:57,320
There's another man kind of like
Brandon Stark mashed up with 

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00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:00,600
Bearish in the Bull. 
That's Ned's brother, not Bran. 

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00:05:00,840 --> 00:05:03,800
We have a Cersei with the brains
of Olenna. 

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00:05:03,920 --> 00:05:06,320
We have a sea Snake. 
And of course, like I said, we 

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00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:09,040
have a Prince Damon. 
We have an unbelievable Tywin 

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00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:11,920
parallel who was actually called
the Lion of Sparta. 

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00:05:12,120 --> 00:05:15,200
But he also has elements of his 
children, Tyrion and Jamie, a 

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00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:17,000
major player here, as well as 
Persia. 

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00:05:17,560 --> 00:05:20,680
They're going to really make you
think of Valyria a little bit 

85
00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:23,880
like Slaver's Bay. 
They engage in enough incest to 

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00:05:23,880 --> 00:05:28,160
make Targaryens blush, and 
you're going to hear some things

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00:05:28,160 --> 00:05:30,720
that are far crueler than 
anything Megor ever did. 

88
00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:35,360
And a good God, they're wealthy.
Thessaly and Macedon are also 

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00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:38,960
going to get involved, though 
more so in the second-half. 

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00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:42,560
But I wanted to mention that now
we have two different monarchs 

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00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:45,040
in the story that ruled for over
4 decades. 

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00:05:45,200 --> 00:05:48,920
We have a rebel pharaoh, A 
tyrant poet, a Pythagorean 

93
00:05:48,920 --> 00:05:52,160
general, and a bit of an Iron 
Bank situation. 

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00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:56,440
We have prophecies and oracles, 
ancient relics, temple robbers, 

95
00:05:56,440 --> 00:06:00,480
absurd sums of money, 
poisonings, backstabbings, you 

96
00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:02,840
name it. 
Extreme excess, extreme 

97
00:06:02,840 --> 00:06:06,320
restraint, the sacred and the 
profane, philosophers and 

98
00:06:06,320 --> 00:06:10,800
phalanxes, murder and madness, 
Hittiras and harems, archons and

99
00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:14,880
assassins, gods and generals, 
bronze and blood, bribery and 

100
00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:18,920
betrayal, love and lust, incest 
and innovation, olympiads and 

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00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:21,640
oracles and so much more. 
That was a lot, but there's even

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00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:23,680
more. 
And of course, as I said, this 

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00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:25,960
is through the lens of A Song of
Ice and Fire, resulting in a 

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00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:30,280
potent pantheon of parallels. 
All that and more on this 

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00:06:30,280 --> 00:06:33,400
episode of History of Westeros 
podcast. 

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00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:40,720
Hello and welcome to another 
episode of History and Westeros,

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00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:44,520
one of our fun subcategories 
where we dive into real world 

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00:06:44,520 --> 00:06:47,040
history through the lens of A 
Song of Ice and Fire. 

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If you're watching this live, it
must be 3:00 Eastern because 

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00:06:50,880 --> 00:06:53,520
that's when we go live on 
YouTube most Sundays. 

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00:06:53,800 --> 00:06:56,800
If you aren't here catching it 
live, well, you can catch it 

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00:06:56,800 --> 00:07:00,440
later on Spotify as an edited 
version will cleaned up a little

113
00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:03,800
nicer sounding. 
Or if podcasts are your 

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00:07:03,800 --> 00:07:07,680
preferred vehicle, you can find 
us on any podcast platform. 

115
00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:11,280
And if you sign up to become a 
member on Patreon, you can get 

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00:07:11,280 --> 00:07:14,960
it ad free. 
Speaking of Patreon, our members

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00:07:14,960 --> 00:07:18,040
voted on a series of topics this
year, which we call Topics Moot.

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00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:22,480
This is the final episode of 
Topics Moot 2025, except that we

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00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:26,240
added six more at the end 
because, well, Duncan Egg Show 

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00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:29,440
got moved to 2026, so we had to 
add some more content for the 

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year. 
So Mini moot to follow. 

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00:07:31,960 --> 00:07:34,880
But this is the end of the 
regular Topics Moot if you have 

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questions for us, especially an 
episode like this where I'm 

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going into an area where I don't
have as much expertise. 

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I have expertise, but not nearly
as much as I have in A Song of 

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Ice and Fire. 
Of course, I'm always open to 

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feedback. 
We're always open to that. 

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Corrections, additional content.
I expect there may be even a 

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little more here because it's a 
bigger topic. 

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Some of you already know it 
pretty well or know parts of it.

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So definitely would love to hear
from you all if there's anything

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00:07:59,640 --> 00:08:02,000
you want to add, anything I 
missed, something I got wrong, 

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00:08:02,640 --> 00:08:04,720
etcetera. 
Let's start with the trivia 

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question. 
What is the name of the region 

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00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:10,520
in which Sparta resides? 
Like their little country around

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them. 
It's not called Sparta. 

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00:08:11,880 --> 00:08:14,480
The city is called Sparta, but 
the the country around it. 

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00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:18,440
And I don't mean Greece. 
That's smaller region than that.

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00:08:18,720 --> 00:08:21,640
A word that means using as few 
words as possible. 

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Answer at the end. 
Our sections today. 

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Let me read you that real quick,
folks. 

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We've got our set up. 
Then we have the bloodless coup 

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of 382. 
Yeah, that rhymes the judgement 

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00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:38,600
of Sparta, followed by flashback
Persia and the Peloponnesian 

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War, then civil War. 
Then we have the defense gets 

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offensive, Then we have the 
Corinthian War, then the King's 

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00:08:47,560 --> 00:08:49,320
Peace. 
That's a familiar term, and that

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00:08:49,320 --> 00:08:51,440
is indeed what they call it. 
That's not a term I'm using. 

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00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:53,160
That is what they called it, the
King's Peace. 

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00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:57,480
Let's introduce our main source,
someone I've spoken of many 

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00:08:57,480 --> 00:09:00,120
times throughout the years. 
That's Plutarch. 

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00:09:00,360 --> 00:09:03,880
This episode is where we will 
cite him perhaps more than any 

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00:09:03,880 --> 00:09:08,320
other time, but here is what 
other people have to say about 

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00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:14,160
Plutarch's Parallel Lives quote.
Plutarch's Parallel Lives has 

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00:09:14,160 --> 00:09:18,120
received widespread praise from 
notable figures throughout its 

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00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:23,920
centuries of popularity. 
The 1559 first French edition 

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00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:29,240
was hailed by French author and 
philosopher Montagne, who 

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00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:33,680
commented We dunces would have 
been lost if this book had not 

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00:09:33,680 --> 00:09:38,400
raised us out of the dirt. 
Beethoven, with the progression 

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00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:44,160
of his deafness, wrote in 18 O1.
I have often cursed my creator 

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00:09:44,160 --> 00:09:48,640
and my existence. 
Plutarch has shown me the path 

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00:09:48,680 --> 00:09:53,240
of resignation. 
If it is at all possible, I will

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00:09:53,240 --> 00:09:58,080
bid defiance to my fate, though 
I feel that as long as I live 

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there will be moments when I 
shall be God's most unhappy 

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00:10:02,320 --> 00:10:04,840
creature. 
Resignation. 

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00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:09,840
What a wretched resource. 
Yet it is all that is left to 

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00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:13,200
me, British General Gordon 
wrote. 

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00:10:13,600 --> 00:10:17,320
Certainly I would make 
Plutarch's Lives a handbook for 

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our young officers. 
It is worth any number of arts 

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00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:27,600
of war or minor tactics. 
Ralph Waldo Emerson called the 

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00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:32,760
lives quote a Bible for heroes 
that. 

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00:10:32,760 --> 00:10:36,400
Is insane praise from some 
serious heavy hitters. 

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00:10:36,400 --> 00:10:39,280
Beethoven. 
Ralph Waldo Emerson? 

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00:10:39,320 --> 00:10:40,720
Seriously. 
Wow. 

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00:10:40,720 --> 00:10:42,520
Right? 
That is a wide spectrum of 

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00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:45,200
expertise and accomplishment. 
Like Ralph Waldo Emerson and 

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00:10:45,200 --> 00:10:47,480
Beethoven are famous for very 
different reasons, right? 

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And of course, there's a lot 
more praise out there for this 

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00:10:50,560 --> 00:10:53,000
is just a selection of praise 
for Parallel Lives and for 

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00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:56,240
Plutarch. 
I mean, it's 2000, some years 

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old, right? 
Imagine how many likes, views 

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00:10:59,280 --> 00:11:02,720
and comments and shares Parallel
Lives would have if YouTube 

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00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:04,840
existed back then. 
I wish I could see how many 

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00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:08,400
downloads the Audible version, 
which you can get on Audible, 

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00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:10,160
you can get Parallel Lives on 
Audible. 

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00:11:10,160 --> 00:11:12,320
It's read by the most British 
sounding person ever. 

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00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:15,200
How many downloads will that 
have 2000 years from now? 

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Plutarch would have a lot of 
subscribers. 

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00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:20,240
Someone would still be putting 
out content on his channel, 

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00:11:20,240 --> 00:11:22,120
making shorts and just releasing
clips. 

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00:11:22,120 --> 00:11:27,760
And yeah, I mean, it's an 
amazing resource, but we as 

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00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:32,440
people living 2000 years after 
things were written, it's so 

193
00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:34,800
rare that we get anything from 
that long ago. 

194
00:11:34,800 --> 00:11:37,720
Most things written that long 
ago, we don't have any more. 

195
00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:39,080
They were destroyed. 
They were lost. 

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00:11:39,640 --> 00:11:42,040
It's such a gift when we have 
anything. 

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00:11:42,520 --> 00:11:46,680
But this is actually really well
written. 

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00:11:46,760 --> 00:11:50,080
That is a way a cut above. 
It isn't just information from 

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00:11:50,080 --> 00:11:51,880
the ancient world, which we will
take anything. 

200
00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:54,880
We'll take any information from 
the ancient world because it's 

201
00:11:54,880 --> 00:11:58,560
scarce and there's a lot of 
gaps. 

202
00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:02,560
But this guy, he wrote it really
well. 

203
00:12:02,560 --> 00:12:06,280
He's a great author and a great 
manager of the information. 

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00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:09,400
His purpose, though, wasn't to 
write history. 

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00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:12,480
He's honest, but he wasn't 
trying to write history, he was 

206
00:12:12,480 --> 00:12:14,560
trying to write about people, 
which is what makes this so 

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00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:18,000
great as a great source is we're
trying to talk about people 1st 

208
00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:22,360
events, times and places come 
after that in terms of 

209
00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:24,080
importance. 
Plutarch is writing about 

210
00:12:24,080 --> 00:12:26,640
behavior, morality, influence, 
destiny. 

211
00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:29,480
And he was Theben. 
So that's that's handy. 

212
00:12:29,680 --> 00:12:33,400
He lived well after Greece lost 
its independence, which is what 

213
00:12:33,400 --> 00:12:36,560
we're building up to the end of 
Greek independence, when Greek 

214
00:12:36,560 --> 00:12:40,400
became Greece became one state. 
What you'll, if you don't 

215
00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:43,400
already know, well, you'll find 
out whether it gets conquered 

216
00:12:43,400 --> 00:12:45,400
from within or without or 
whatever. 

217
00:12:45,920 --> 00:12:48,360
During Plutarch's life and well 
before and after. 

218
00:12:48,760 --> 00:12:52,160
Yeah, Greece was ruled by Rome. 
Now, that's not who's going to 

219
00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:54,480
win in the end here. 
Rome comes along much later. 

220
00:12:54,640 --> 00:12:57,760
But during Plutarch's life, Rome
was ruling and he lived during 

221
00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:01,520
the time of Augustus, the first 
emperor, which was widely 

222
00:13:01,520 --> 00:13:04,880
regarded as one of the best 
times to be in live alive in 

223
00:13:04,880 --> 00:13:06,880
history. 
Well, if you're free and male 

224
00:13:06,880 --> 00:13:10,000
that is, which makes the women 
who are in the story, and there 

225
00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:13,040
are some, they stand out even 
more because of how hard it is 

226
00:13:13,040 --> 00:13:14,600
to stand out as a woman in this 
era. 

227
00:13:15,160 --> 00:13:17,600
But we're also not dealing 
entirely with the Greek world. 

228
00:13:17,600 --> 00:13:20,760
As we said, there's other 
nations getting involved. 

229
00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:26,080
Plutarch wrote. 25 parallel live
pairs, a pairing of a Roman and 

230
00:13:26,080 --> 00:13:29,800
a Greek, 50 people, right? 
25 pairs of 2. 

231
00:13:30,480 --> 00:13:32,880
So we can set aside the Romans 
because of course they're they 

232
00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:35,480
come way after all this. 
They were only a seedling as a 

233
00:13:35,480 --> 00:13:39,080
nation at this point in history.
But of the 25 Greek figures, 

234
00:13:39,080 --> 00:13:41,640
Plutarch chose to write about 
the most impressive, most 

235
00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:45,560
outstanding Greeks from the year
800 BC all the way up to about 

236
00:13:45,560 --> 00:13:48,880
100 BC. 
So 700 years of history in this 

237
00:13:48,880 --> 00:13:53,360
25 to 30 year period where we're
talking about four of those are 

238
00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:57,480
in this story, 1/5 is going to 
die right away and two more are 

239
00:13:57,480 --> 00:14:00,520
going to join. 
So we have nine of those 25 

240
00:14:00,520 --> 00:14:03,120
living in this era, which is a 
700 year era. 

241
00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:06,120
So more than a third of them are
in this really short period of 

242
00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:08,240
time, which really packs a 
punch. 

243
00:14:08,240 --> 00:14:11,160
You can see why I'm drawn to 
this time and why I'm excited to

244
00:14:11,160 --> 00:14:13,600
tell you about it. 
He also wrote some biographies, 

245
00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:17,240
most of which are lost. 
One was about a certain Persian 

246
00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:20,600
great king, though, and that's 
also in this story, the the one 

247
00:14:20,600 --> 00:14:24,920
who features most mainly. 
So we just have a lot of sources

248
00:14:24,920 --> 00:14:26,640
normally from an era that's very
scarce. 

249
00:14:27,400 --> 00:14:30,000
And some of what we're going to 
get into, of course, is George's

250
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,040
parallels. 
The fact that some of these 

251
00:14:32,040 --> 00:14:34,760
things happen in real life goes 
to show how realistic George 

252
00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:37,640
writes. 
We don't need any more context 

253
00:14:37,640 --> 00:14:40,000
than that. 
I wrote the episode such that we

254
00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:43,840
can add context as we go, rather
than just fire hosing you all at

255
00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:44,880
once. 
I just wanted to give you a 

256
00:14:44,880 --> 00:14:47,240
little bit about Plutarch. 
Let's get going. 

257
00:14:47,240 --> 00:14:49,800
And the only other notes I 
wanted to have here are city 

258
00:14:49,800 --> 00:14:54,080
states are pretty comparable to 
the top houses in A Song of Ice 

259
00:14:54,080 --> 00:14:56,160
and Fire in terms of how strong 
they are in terms of how much 

260
00:14:56,160 --> 00:14:58,600
money they can put in the field.
Now they're cities instead of 

261
00:14:58,600 --> 00:15:00,680
castles, so that's a little 
different, but they still hold 

262
00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:03,840
the land around them as well. 
Obviously the democratic city 

263
00:15:03,840 --> 00:15:06,440
states aren't quite the same, 
but the the ones ruled by kings 

264
00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:09,800
or tyrants or oligarchies. 
Very similar to to houses in 

265
00:15:09,800 --> 00:15:13,280
Westeros. 
And like that like a house in 

266
00:15:13,280 --> 00:15:15,760
Westeros. 
Imagine that when the Lord dies,

267
00:15:15,840 --> 00:15:18,400
a new Lord takes over. 
That can entirely change the 

268
00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:21,080
picture because this new Lord 
might have a very different 

269
00:15:21,080 --> 00:15:23,520
attitude towards ruling. 
Or maybe it's a lady, or maybe 

270
00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:25,840
it's a region. 
The same thing happens here the 

271
00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:29,080
the the city states. 
Their attitude, their rulership,

272
00:15:29,080 --> 00:15:32,680
their behavior can change on a 
dime based on who's in charge. 

273
00:15:33,320 --> 00:15:38,920
Luckily, we have a better 
situation here than we've had 

274
00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:41,160
with a lot of other historical 
episodes, real world historical 

275
00:15:41,160 --> 00:15:43,520
episodes. 
And what I mean by that is there

276
00:15:43,520 --> 00:15:45,920
aren't a bunch of Edwards, 
Henrys, and Roberts. 

277
00:15:46,480 --> 00:15:48,720
There's only a couple of 
Alexander's and almost besides 

278
00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:50,600
that, there's almost no name 
that repeats. 

279
00:15:50,760 --> 00:15:52,600
So that's cool. 
And the names are less familiar,

280
00:15:52,600 --> 00:15:55,800
but at least they don't repeat. 
So this is an era in Greece 

281
00:15:55,800 --> 00:15:58,640
where coups could almost be 
called common. 

282
00:15:58,680 --> 00:16:01,320
What's odd about the coups that 
happened so commonly in Greece 

283
00:16:01,320 --> 00:16:03,920
in this era is they weren't 
always bloody. 

284
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,520
Sometimes the losing party, and 
it was almost always Democrats 

285
00:16:07,520 --> 00:16:10,480
taking power from oligarchs or 
oligarchs taking power from 

286
00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:12,520
Democrats. 
Usually they would just get 

287
00:16:12,520 --> 00:16:13,960
kicked out of the city. 
A lot of times they would 

288
00:16:13,960 --> 00:16:16,440
survive, like maybe a couple of 
them died, but they would just 

289
00:16:16,440 --> 00:16:19,840
get kicked out, which often 
meant they would come back with 

290
00:16:19,840 --> 00:16:22,160
some friends and try to take 
power back, which they often 

291
00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:24,440
did. 
So yeah, sometimes there were 

292
00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:26,080
deaths and sometimes there were 
a lot of deaths. 

293
00:16:26,080 --> 00:16:27,800
But this is the setting we're 
in. 

294
00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:30,120
It isn't. 
The killing of the other party 

295
00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:33,280
wasn't as common as you might 
think, compared it to, like, 

296
00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:37,160
something like Westeros. 
Do we start in the year 382 with

297
00:16:37,600 --> 00:16:41,160
one of those coups? 
We'll call this chapter 1. 

298
00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:43,680
Three chapters in this episode 
today, with more chapters to 

299
00:16:43,680 --> 00:16:46,840
follow in the next episode in 
the year 382. 

300
00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:49,520
As I described in the in the 
intro, we have the Spartan 

301
00:16:49,520 --> 00:16:51,960
commander Forbidas. 
He was leading a group of 

302
00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:56,080
soldiers to Olympus to reinforce
a campaign going in up there. 

303
00:16:56,520 --> 00:17:00,280
Now, Olympus had defied an 
alliance that Thebes was part 

304
00:17:00,280 --> 00:17:03,080
of, but they weren't really 
happy being a part of it, so 

305
00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:06,319
they didn't send any troops to 
help Sparta, even though Sparta 

306
00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:09,440
kind of expected that. 
Even with Sparta right outside 

307
00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:10,520
their walls, they weren't 
worried. 

308
00:17:10,520 --> 00:17:12,800
Hey, we've got walls. 
This isn't this is a relief 

309
00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:14,760
army. 
It's not some big invasion for 

310
00:17:14,760 --> 00:17:17,079
us, so we're not worried. 
Go ahead, they can hang out 

311
00:17:17,079 --> 00:17:18,920
there. 
We'll just keep an eye on them. 

312
00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:21,200
Just keep an eye on them, make 
sure they don't do anything. 

313
00:17:21,359 --> 00:17:23,079
That's fine. 
So you get some people standing 

314
00:17:23,079 --> 00:17:26,359
on the walls watching Sparta, 
make sure nothing happens. 

315
00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:30,880
Eventually the Spartans break 
camp, start to March away, looks

316
00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:34,160
like they're leaving, but then 
suddenly they turn and run 

317
00:17:34,160 --> 00:17:36,920
towards the city. 
Now thieves is not the size of 

318
00:17:36,920 --> 00:17:40,880
King's Landing, but it's called 
7 gated Thebes because it has 

319
00:17:40,880 --> 00:17:43,720
seven gates to get in, just like
King's Landing. 

320
00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:46,720
Now Athens in this era pretty 
much is about the same size as 

321
00:17:46,720 --> 00:17:50,000
King's Landing, although neither
of those population figures are 

322
00:17:50,280 --> 00:17:52,280
well established. 
We're looking at like 1/2 a 

323
00:17:52,280 --> 00:17:54,240
million. 
This was some kind of 

324
00:17:54,240 --> 00:17:58,520
prearranged signal or time or 
something because one of those 7

325
00:17:58,520 --> 00:18:00,560
gates, the one that Spartans 
were charging right at, was 

326
00:18:00,560 --> 00:18:03,240
thrown open. 
This something was planned here.

327
00:18:03,280 --> 00:18:08,040
The Spartans ran inside and no 
one tried to stop them because 

328
00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:09,720
they didn't even know it was 
happening. 

329
00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:13,080
Also, the Spartans timing was 
very precise. 

330
00:18:13,080 --> 00:18:17,480
This was a holiday. 
It was the a holiday called the 

331
00:18:17,520 --> 00:18:20,560
famous Foria which was honoring 
Demeter and her daughter 

332
00:18:20,560 --> 00:18:23,560
Persephone. 
It's a religious festival only 

333
00:18:23,560 --> 00:18:24,720
for women. 
The men are just supposed to 

334
00:18:24,720 --> 00:18:26,760
like hang out and chill and wait
for it to be over. 

335
00:18:27,480 --> 00:18:29,160
So people were pretty 
distracted. 

336
00:18:29,320 --> 00:18:31,880
The Spartans didn't go about 
killing anyone. 

337
00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:33,280
As far as we know. 
They didn't kill a single 

338
00:18:33,280 --> 00:18:35,240
person. 
They went straight to the city 

339
00:18:35,240 --> 00:18:37,200
fortress, which is called the 
Cadmia. 

340
00:18:37,880 --> 00:18:40,080
Because it was. 
Built by the legendary founder 

341
00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:43,120
Cadmus. 
Now this is like the Red Keep of

342
00:18:43,120 --> 00:18:45,240
Thebes. 
If you control the cadmia, you 

343
00:18:45,240 --> 00:18:48,800
control the city. 
So they went right to the Cadmia

344
00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:52,520
and someone had given them like 
a key, like object. 

345
00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:54,840
It's not actually a key, but it 
was the equivalent of a key. 

346
00:18:54,840 --> 00:18:57,240
They used the key to get inside.
They went right in. 

347
00:18:57,240 --> 00:19:00,560
But wouldn't you think there's 
Stevens inside the fortress? 

348
00:19:01,120 --> 00:19:04,040
No, actually there weren't, 
because this Themisphoria 

349
00:19:04,040 --> 00:19:09,360
festival celebrated inside the 
keep and the men not being 

350
00:19:09,360 --> 00:19:12,120
allowed to participate weren't 
in the keep. 

351
00:19:12,120 --> 00:19:15,320
So this is the the rare time, 
maybe once a year, maybe not 

352
00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:18,800
even per year, where the only 
people in this all important 

353
00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:21,200
fortress are women celebrating a
religious festival. 

354
00:19:21,200 --> 00:19:23,080
That sounds like a security 
flaw, doesn't it? 

355
00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:26,880
Yes, in fact it very much does. 
And this the Spartans took full 

356
00:19:26,880 --> 00:19:29,600
advantage of it. 
They didn't kill anyone, or as 

357
00:19:29,600 --> 00:19:33,400
far as we know, they didn't do 
anything untoward to the women. 

358
00:19:33,400 --> 00:19:36,680
The Spartans are very pious, so 
interrupting a religious 

359
00:19:36,680 --> 00:19:39,640
festival is already kind of, 
it's already kind of a thing 

360
00:19:39,640 --> 00:19:41,320
that isn't comfortable for them 
to do. 

361
00:19:41,320 --> 00:19:43,200
So they weren't going to mess 
with the women too much. 

362
00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:45,560
You can be a little skeptical of
that, which is fair. 

363
00:19:45,560 --> 00:19:50,240
But they were very pious, not 
always in good ways, but they 

364
00:19:50,240 --> 00:19:51,720
didn't want to, you know, 
messing with a religious 

365
00:19:51,720 --> 00:19:53,240
festival. 
Like I said, that's a little, 

366
00:19:53,240 --> 00:19:56,400
that's a little big for them. 
And there would be people in 

367
00:19:56,400 --> 00:19:59,200
Sparta who objected to this 
action. 

368
00:19:59,880 --> 00:20:03,600
Now there's three polymarks of 
Thebes. 

369
00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:05,720
These are the rulers. 
It's kind of like triarchs. 

370
00:20:06,280 --> 00:20:10,800
Now to be confusing, there is a 
term called triarch in Greece at

371
00:20:10,800 --> 00:20:14,400
this time, but it wasn't a 
ruler, it was a person that of 

372
00:20:14,400 --> 00:20:18,800
their own money fitted a ship, a
trireme. 

373
00:20:18,800 --> 00:20:22,360
So if you are contributing to 
the citizen army with a trireme,

374
00:20:22,360 --> 00:20:25,120
you are a triarch. 
So Polomark is a much higher 

375
00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:26,960
level rank. 
It's the three rulers of 

376
00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:29,840
thieves. 
Now, like the triarchs of 

377
00:20:29,840 --> 00:20:33,200
Lantis, they have to be elected.
It's a yearly thing. 

378
00:20:33,240 --> 00:20:35,640
They're almost always very rich 
because to campaign and to get 

379
00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:37,920
attention and to do all that 
stuff, you need to have money. 

380
00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:41,360
There were three, the three 
polymarks at this time were Land

381
00:20:41,360 --> 00:20:46,160
Tides, Ismenius, and Phillip. 
Forget about Phillip, he wasn't 

382
00:20:46,160 --> 00:20:48,160
even here at the time, didn't 
get involved. 

383
00:20:48,160 --> 00:20:50,240
As far as we know. 
He doesn't get mentioned, so I, 

384
00:20:50,240 --> 00:20:53,040
I don't even know, but just so 
just forget about him. 

385
00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:56,160
Now Ismenius was the newer 1 and
he was a Democrat. 

386
00:20:56,680 --> 00:20:59,680
Land Tides was an oligarch. 
Didn't like him? 

387
00:20:59,720 --> 00:21:01,120
Well, of course, Democrat 
oligarch. 

388
00:21:01,120 --> 00:21:02,600
They don't like each other. 
That's not uncommon. 

389
00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:03,720
Nothing. 
No surprise there. 

390
00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:07,720
But it was Lee and Tides that 
worked with the Spartan 

391
00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:10,760
commander Foybidas here. 
Apparently he's the one with his

392
00:21:10,760 --> 00:21:13,760
friends that opened the door, 
let them in and let them seize 

393
00:21:13,760 --> 00:21:16,480
the Cadmia. 
So Lee and Tides knew this was 

394
00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:18,200
happening. 
He may have even been the one 

395
00:21:18,200 --> 00:21:20,280
that gave them the key, the key 
to the city. 

396
00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:23,960
And so as soon as Foybidas and 
his troops captured this the 

397
00:21:23,960 --> 00:21:26,800
Cadmia and kicked out all the 
women, he just walked right to 

398
00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:29,680
the city square where a lot of 
the men were hanging out waiting

399
00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:33,640
for the festival to play out and
said, hey, y'all, Sparta's our 

400
00:21:33,640 --> 00:21:37,920
friend and they have control of 
the cadmium now. 

401
00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:42,440
So that's what's up. 
And the people are like, wait, 

402
00:21:42,440 --> 00:21:44,720
what? 
This was such a surprise, right?

403
00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:48,480
You don't expect to just be 
hanging out in the city of Gora 

404
00:21:48,480 --> 00:21:51,120
just, you know, having a drink 
or chatting with your friends 

405
00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:52,600
about philosophy. 
Maybe you're exercising. 

406
00:21:52,600 --> 00:21:54,960
All of a sudden someone walks 
up, one of your own citizens, 

407
00:21:54,960 --> 00:21:57,600
and it's like, hey, actually, 
Sparta's in charge now. 

408
00:21:58,440 --> 00:21:59,440
Wait. 
No one even. 

409
00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:02,080
Wait, what? 
We didn't have a fight. 

410
00:22:02,080 --> 00:22:04,360
There was nothing. 
It just that just happened, 

411
00:22:04,360 --> 00:22:06,200
like, without anybody being 
killed. 

412
00:22:06,200 --> 00:22:08,480
Like, really. 
Yeah, that's really what 

413
00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:10,080
happened. 
It's kind of embarrassing, 

414
00:22:10,080 --> 00:22:13,720
actually. 
And Lynn Tidy says, hey, since 

415
00:22:13,720 --> 00:22:19,760
I'm a Polymark, we Polymarks 
have the right to prosecute 

416
00:22:19,760 --> 00:22:24,240
anyone who is against the common
peace, such as my fellow Paula 

417
00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:27,680
Marcus Menius here. 
Oh, Democrat bad. 

418
00:22:28,040 --> 00:22:30,760
Also, he's accepted a lot of 
money from Persia. 

419
00:22:30,880 --> 00:22:33,960
Now that's a pretty big deal. 
Accepting money from Persia is a

420
00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:35,560
problem. 
That's called you can. 

421
00:22:36,200 --> 00:22:38,200
It can be corrupting. 
A lot of people look down on 

422
00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:39,920
that. 
Persian influence is a negative 

423
00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:41,000
thing. 
They don't want to be like 

424
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:42,480
Persia. 
It's called medism. 

425
00:22:42,480 --> 00:22:46,280
It's actually a thing you can be
tried for in court for being too

426
00:22:46,360 --> 00:22:48,880
too friendly with Persia. 
As we're going to see, there's a

427
00:22:48,880 --> 00:22:51,400
lot of people who get too 
friendly with Persia that never 

428
00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:53,840
get called for it. 
But because this is this is just

429
00:22:53,840 --> 00:22:56,000
a political excuse to go after 
his enemy. 

430
00:22:56,760 --> 00:23:00,400
Now to be fair, he did accept a 
lot of money from Persia, but on

431
00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:03,320
the other hand, it was to fight 
against Sparta, which doesn't 

432
00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:05,520
make him look good in this 
moment when Sparta has just 

433
00:23:05,520 --> 00:23:09,560
taken over. 
Plato wrote about as many as and

434
00:23:09,560 --> 00:23:11,200
actually said he was kind of 
weak. 

435
00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:13,000
He said he was a weak moral 
fiber man. 

436
00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:18,400
Either way, he was convicted and
put in jail and a new Paula Mark

437
00:23:18,400 --> 00:23:21,680
was replaced him named Archaeus.
And of course, Archaeus was an 

438
00:23:21,680 --> 00:23:24,600
oligarch. 
Meanwhile, the leading Democrats

439
00:23:24,600 --> 00:23:29,280
of the city, word spread around,
they found out and they left. 

440
00:23:29,280 --> 00:23:30,560
They fled. 
They're like we got to get out 

441
00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:32,800
of here. 
These they already threw as many

442
00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:34,240
as in prison. 
We could be next. 

443
00:23:34,320 --> 00:23:35,840
They're probably going to 
execute as many as. 

444
00:23:35,840 --> 00:23:37,160
So we really don't need to be 
here. 

445
00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:41,480
The leader of this group was 
called Andracleides and there 

446
00:23:41,480 --> 00:23:43,720
was a young man called Palapadus
who's going to be pretty 

447
00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:47,720
important that was in this 
group, a very outspoken, high 

448
00:23:47,720 --> 00:23:51,520
spirited, aggressive, 
charismatic guy who is our 

449
00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:53,960
actually our Brandon Stark 
parallel. 

450
00:23:54,560 --> 00:23:56,920
They ran to Athens. 
They fled to Athens, which of 

451
00:23:56,920 --> 00:24:01,320
course is a hub of democracy. 
But Athens is wary about 

452
00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:05,360
upsetting Sparta, especially in 
this era, because Athens was a 

453
00:24:05,360 --> 00:24:06,760
little weaker than they had 
been. 

454
00:24:06,760 --> 00:24:09,760
They had lost a big war to 
Sparta only 20 years before, a 

455
00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:12,160
long, long war. 
So they're like, they're kind of

456
00:24:12,160 --> 00:24:16,080
scared of Sparta. 
But when they were having this 

457
00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:20,640
war with Sparta, a bunch of 
Athenian exiles fled and took 

458
00:24:20,640 --> 00:24:23,160
refuge in Phoebes. 
So they kind of wanted to return

459
00:24:23,160 --> 00:24:25,080
the favor, even though it was a 
little dangerous. 

460
00:24:25,080 --> 00:24:27,920
So that's what happened. 
Now, like I said, coups were 

461
00:24:27,920 --> 00:24:32,280
common, but this was really 
outstanding because of how 

462
00:24:32,280 --> 00:24:35,440
wildly successful and bloodless 
it was. 

463
00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:39,800
So A was a big coup for Sparta 
and a big embarrassment for 

464
00:24:39,800 --> 00:24:42,480
Thebes. 
But as I also said, not everyone

465
00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:46,280
in Sparta liked this because A, 
it it wasn't necessarily 

466
00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:50,120
something they all agreed to. 
B, it was during a religious 

467
00:24:50,120 --> 00:24:53,320
festival. 
C Well, there's AC and AD and an

468
00:24:53,320 --> 00:24:55,120
E we'll get to. 
There's a lot of other issues 

469
00:24:55,120 --> 00:24:57,760
here. 
Now, this is again, a very small

470
00:24:57,760 --> 00:25:00,400
region we're talking about. 
The distance from Thebes to 

471
00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:04,240
Athens is 57 miles. 
You can get there in a day. 

472
00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:09,400
The distance from Athens to 
Sparta, 133 miles, you couldn't 

473
00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:12,000
get there in a day there too, 
pretty hard, maybe more like two

474
00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:13,640
or three days. 
But if you're going as fast as 

475
00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:16,280
you can on foot or by horse, you
can totally do that. 

476
00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:19,480
Sparta to Thebes is only a 
little more 148 miles. 

477
00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:22,400
So these three powerful city 
states in a relatively small 

478
00:25:22,400 --> 00:25:26,280
country of Greece, not very far 
from each other, this is a 

479
00:25:26,280 --> 00:25:27,840
parallel to A Song of Iceland's 
Fire. 

480
00:25:27,840 --> 00:25:30,200
Because you might, might be 
saying what? 

481
00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:31,400
Aziz? 
Westeros is huge. 

482
00:25:31,400 --> 00:25:36,120
Yeah, it is huge, but they make 
it feel smaller by messenger 

483
00:25:36,120 --> 00:25:38,440
Ravens. 
Information goes way faster than

484
00:25:38,440 --> 00:25:40,480
it could normally go because of 
the Ravens. 

485
00:25:40,680 --> 00:25:43,120
So we have the equivalent here, 
which is that, well, we don't 

486
00:25:43,120 --> 00:25:45,160
have messenger Ravens. 
We just have short distances. 

487
00:25:45,160 --> 00:25:47,480
So a message can go from one of 
these cities to another in a 

488
00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:49,720
day. 
So it isn't a matter of, oh, no 

489
00:25:49,720 --> 00:25:52,560
one knows this happened yet. 
People find out things quickly. 

490
00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:56,840
On the other hand, the big 
player Persia here, the Empire 

491
00:25:56,840 --> 00:26:01,280
Persia, is 1800 miles away. 
So that's just for perspective. 

492
00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:05,680
They're very far away. 
They do take a while to learn 

493
00:26:05,680 --> 00:26:09,200
things. 
That said, Persia had one of the

494
00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:13,360
most advanced postal systems, 
one that wasn't matched by for 

495
00:26:13,360 --> 00:26:16,040
centuries after they fell. 
So they were really actually 

496
00:26:16,040 --> 00:26:17,440
quite fast with delivering 
messages. 

497
00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:22,360
That said, it still probably 
took weeks, the judgement of 

498
00:26:22,360 --> 00:26:25,080
Sparta. 
So let's, let's get Sparta's 

499
00:26:25,080 --> 00:26:29,200
reaction to this seizure of the 
Theben Kadmea. 

500
00:26:29,560 --> 00:26:33,680
They were of two minds about it,
which is kind of a typical thing

501
00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:36,000
to happen in Sparta cause Sparta
had two kings. 

502
00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:37,120
Yeah, that's kind of weird, 
right? 

503
00:26:37,120 --> 00:26:38,840
2 kings. 
They had two kings. 

504
00:26:38,840 --> 00:26:43,400
They also had five E Fours or 
the E Fours were like a council 

505
00:26:43,400 --> 00:26:45,080
of elders. 
They had a lot of power. 

506
00:26:45,080 --> 00:26:50,920
The Ephers absolutely could stop
a king or condemn a king or do 

507
00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:53,960
what they couldn't like have it 
killed, but they could overrule 

508
00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:57,200
a king. 
There are also 28 Jerusia who 

509
00:26:57,200 --> 00:26:59,800
are like a third level, like a 
Senate of sorts. 

510
00:27:00,040 --> 00:27:02,720
So yes, Sparta had a very unique
set up with they had a 

511
00:27:02,720 --> 00:27:07,320
constitution with two kings, but
all these other lower level guys

512
00:27:07,320 --> 00:27:10,360
who are quite high and then the 
citizens, and this citizens is 

513
00:27:10,360 --> 00:27:12,360
part of their only job is to 
prepare for war. 

514
00:27:12,360 --> 00:27:13,800
That's it. 
That's their only thing they do.

515
00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:16,720
Anything else is unmanly to 
them, war, that's it. 

516
00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:19,600
Every other job is done by their
slaves. 

517
00:27:19,920 --> 00:27:22,080
Now this is something we'll get 
into much later. 

518
00:27:22,680 --> 00:27:25,520
Spartan slavery is common in 
Greece, even more common in 

519
00:27:25,520 --> 00:27:28,280
Persia in this era. 
But the Spartans enslaved their 

520
00:27:28,280 --> 00:27:32,000
own neighbors, other Greeks, 
which is, you know, to us that's

521
00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:33,560
like, well, what's the 
difference in slaving and 

522
00:27:33,560 --> 00:27:36,760
slavery is slavery. 
But to Greeks, this was a big 

523
00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:39,400
deal because they all thought 
they were superior. 

524
00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:42,360
So Greeks enslaving other 
people, that's fine. 

525
00:27:42,360 --> 00:27:44,480
They're lesser. 
Greeks enslaving other Greeks, 

526
00:27:44,480 --> 00:27:48,120
that's a rub because they're all
Greeks and they supposedly 

527
00:27:48,120 --> 00:27:50,920
should be somewhat equal. 
That's going to come up later. 

528
00:27:51,480 --> 00:27:55,600
Sparta's problem is that their 
society was so hierarchical, so 

529
00:27:55,600 --> 00:28:00,600
elite, so exclusive, that to be 
a Spartan citizen became 

530
00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:03,440
increasingly different. 
The the Spartan citizen body was

531
00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:05,720
just every generation it was 
getting smaller and smaller 

532
00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:10,400
because it got harder to get in 
and was decreasing in numbers 

533
00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:12,680
over time. 
This is a really internal 

534
00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:15,040
problem that was really going to
rear its head several times. 

535
00:28:15,360 --> 00:28:20,360
So Foibidas, the commander, they
recalled him to face trial 

536
00:28:20,720 --> 00:28:23,080
again, only had to, you know, 
probably took him two days to 

537
00:28:23,080 --> 00:28:25,560
get back, maybe 3. 
And they sent a different 

538
00:28:25,560 --> 00:28:27,360
commander to take his place in 
the meantime. 

539
00:28:28,280 --> 00:28:33,160
So first of all, not only was 
this a strange thing to have 

540
00:28:33,160 --> 00:28:36,720
happen, Spartan commanders, 
because of their very rigid 

541
00:28:36,720 --> 00:28:40,680
authoritarian system, a Spartan 
commander taking the initiative,

542
00:28:41,040 --> 00:28:45,320
changing the plan, especially to
this degree, almost unheard of. 

543
00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:49,480
So that alone was very strange. 
But you got to take another look

544
00:28:49,480 --> 00:28:50,920
at this. 
It's a different way to look 

545
00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:54,960
because it's so out of line. 
That creates a little confusion,

546
00:28:54,960 --> 00:28:58,640
a little chaos, and a smart 
person can use that chaos to 

547
00:28:58,640 --> 00:29:04,360
manipulate the situation. 
Introducing King Ajisilaos, the 

548
00:29:04,360 --> 00:29:07,720
older of the two kings, the much
more dominant of the two. 

549
00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:13,880
Foibidas was asked on the stand 
of the equipment, the equivalent

550
00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:16,600
of the witness stand. 
Did you do this on your own or 

551
00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:19,640
did someone order you? 
There was a suspicion that 

552
00:29:19,640 --> 00:29:22,440
someone ordered him to do it 
secretly, and that suspicion 

553
00:29:22,440 --> 00:29:27,280
fell on King Ajisilaos. 
Adislaus really didn't like 

554
00:29:27,280 --> 00:29:29,960
Thebes, as we're going to see. 
I'm going to get into plenty of 

555
00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:32,760
detail on that. 
Adislaus stepped forward and 

556
00:29:32,760 --> 00:29:37,120
said, look, Foibidas, what he 
did was good for Sparta. 

557
00:29:37,680 --> 00:29:40,320
If it's good for Sparta, it's 
good. 

558
00:29:40,480 --> 00:29:43,360
That's what our attitude should 
be very like. 

559
00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:48,280
It's unfair for everyone else, 
but if we can do it, it's fair. 

560
00:29:48,760 --> 00:29:51,200
You know, it's very 
hypocritical, very unjust. 

561
00:29:51,480 --> 00:29:54,160
Like if it's help Sparta, it's 
it's positive, it's good, it's 

562
00:29:54,160 --> 00:29:56,400
ethical. 
Not a very agreeable moral 

563
00:29:56,400 --> 00:29:58,440
position, but one that you'll 
see. 

564
00:29:58,440 --> 00:30:00,280
It just allows us very 
consistent with. 

565
00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:04,360
So he Foydas was like, no, I'm 
not going to say who did it. 

566
00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:05,720
I don't want I'm not going to 
say anything. 

567
00:30:06,480 --> 00:30:08,720
They took his position away. 
They find him. 

568
00:30:09,360 --> 00:30:13,960
It just allows said I'm going to
pay that fine for you Foydas. 

569
00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:19,880
How suspicious is that? 
He pays the guys fine and then 

570
00:30:19,880 --> 00:30:22,720
in like a maybe a few months 
later after it all blew over 

571
00:30:22,720 --> 00:30:24,480
Foy, but that's was given 
another command position. 

572
00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:28,280
It's like nothing even happened.
This is just blatant, isn't it 

573
00:30:28,280 --> 00:30:31,520
like a just allow us totally 
told this guy to do it, didn't 

574
00:30:31,520 --> 00:30:33,720
he? 
And as we'll see, Oh boy, 

575
00:30:33,760 --> 00:30:36,400
there's going to be so many 
reasons for a just allow us to 

576
00:30:36,400 --> 00:30:39,680
want to go after thieves. 
Even without all that detail. 

577
00:30:39,680 --> 00:30:43,440
It seems pretty straightforward 
almost, though again, these two 

578
00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:47,920
cultures have very different 
attitudes towards war and 

579
00:30:47,920 --> 00:30:49,320
culture. 
Even though they're Greek and 

580
00:30:49,320 --> 00:30:52,640
they have the same gods, certain
gods are more important to them.

581
00:30:52,640 --> 00:30:55,680
They more the Thebans care more 
about Heracles and Iolus who was

582
00:30:55,680 --> 00:30:59,480
his nephew because they were 
lovers and thieves was real big 

583
00:30:59,480 --> 00:31:02,440
on male love. 
Now Sparta had plenty of male 

584
00:31:02,440 --> 00:31:06,320
love too, it just wasn't as 
coordinated. 

585
00:31:06,320 --> 00:31:09,040
It wasn't as a part of their 
society written down. 

586
00:31:09,040 --> 00:31:11,520
It was like a, you know, it was 
more of a don't ask, don't tell 

587
00:31:11,520 --> 00:31:14,240
thing, even though it was pretty
common, whereas thieves made it 

588
00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:16,760
just straightforward. 
They talked about it openly. 

589
00:31:16,760 --> 00:31:19,360
It was a big deal. 
It was included in their 

590
00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:21,040
military. 
That's going to be something 

591
00:31:21,040 --> 00:31:23,560
that builds throughout our 
story. 

592
00:31:24,360 --> 00:31:26,240
So just allow us let's talk 
about him. 

593
00:31:26,240 --> 00:31:28,200
This is a very, this is one of 
our most important characters. 

594
00:31:28,360 --> 00:31:33,120
He became king in the year 400. 
So 18 years prior to the seizure

595
00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:36,880
of the Cadmia that he was 
already 45 when he became king 

596
00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:39,400
and he wasn't expected to become
king. 

597
00:31:39,400 --> 00:31:44,440
He was born with lame. 
He was born with one leg longer 

598
00:31:44,440 --> 00:31:48,640
than the other. 
Normally in Sparta, you if 

599
00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:50,800
you're born deformed, you get 
tossed in the pit. 

600
00:31:50,800 --> 00:31:54,880
You remember that pit that 
Leonidas in the movie 300? 

601
00:31:54,920 --> 00:31:57,400
This is. 
Sparta and he kicks the Persian 

602
00:31:58,040 --> 00:32:00,760
emissary into that chasm. 
Well, that probably didn't 

603
00:32:00,760 --> 00:32:03,400
happen, but they really do have 
that chasm and they really did 

604
00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:07,240
throw babies in there and and 
other people if the baby wasn't 

605
00:32:07,720 --> 00:32:10,640
perfect or right enough. 
But because a just allowance was

606
00:32:10,640 --> 00:32:14,320
royal, they let it pass. 
Also because they didn't think 

607
00:32:14,320 --> 00:32:15,920
he would ascend. 
He was way out the line of 

608
00:32:15,920 --> 00:32:17,480
succession. 
So like I will let him go. 

609
00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:25,040
Despite his being short and a 
bit lame, he excelled at hoplite

610
00:32:25,040 --> 00:32:27,920
warfare, which is really just 
you got to be so strong and 

611
00:32:27,920 --> 00:32:29,240
tough. 
You're carrying this giant 

612
00:32:29,240 --> 00:32:32,880
shield way bigger than anything 
Westerosi use something that 

613
00:32:32,880 --> 00:32:36,240
Dunk or Brienne would. 
It would be a chore for them to 

614
00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:38,000
keep up, even a big person like 
that. 

615
00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:40,400
And they're all packed close 
together, just pushing on each 

616
00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:42,880
other, stabbing at each other 
with Spears with their bronze 

617
00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:45,720
helmets way heavier. 
And these guys are really strong

618
00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:49,000
and tough And just to last 
somehow made it through the 

619
00:32:49,240 --> 00:32:54,080
brutal Spartan training that 
begins at age 7 for all boys. 

620
00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:59,280
Sometimes they died doing it. 
He made it through with honors 

621
00:32:59,680 --> 00:33:03,440
and his father died rather and 
his brother was going to become 

622
00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:06,160
king. 
But there was a battle of 

623
00:33:06,160 --> 00:33:10,080
oracles and bloodlines, so to 
speak, where an Oracle said, 

624
00:33:10,200 --> 00:33:14,240
hey, we can't have a lame king 
or a lame rule. 

625
00:33:14,240 --> 00:33:17,320
And there was like, well, that 
guy is literally lame, right? 

626
00:33:17,680 --> 00:33:20,480
We can't have butt. 
Oracles are symbolic. 

627
00:33:20,480 --> 00:33:22,320
They're like, well, that's just 
a straightforward and perturb. 

628
00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:25,240
We're talking about lame as in 
poor rule. 

629
00:33:25,240 --> 00:33:28,200
We can't have Sparta be lame. 
We're not talking about an 

630
00:33:28,200 --> 00:33:29,800
individual. 
We're talking about the country 

631
00:33:30,280 --> 00:33:33,880
and helped in this argument is 
Lysander. 

632
00:33:33,880 --> 00:33:38,320
Lysander was the leading man in 
Sparta at the time. 

633
00:33:38,320 --> 00:33:41,280
Even though he wasn't a king, 
he's our Prince Damon. 

634
00:33:41,440 --> 00:33:47,480
He was the hero of the 27 year 
long war against Athens called 

635
00:33:47,480 --> 00:33:51,240
the Peloponnesian War. 
He was the victor, the great 

636
00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:53,880
victor for Sparta. 
So he was extremely popular, 

637
00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:58,080
extremely powerful, and his 
manipulations helped just allow 

638
00:33:58,080 --> 00:34:01,960
us to become king. 
He beat his brother because of 

639
00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:06,680
the rumors of bastardy and how 
big a problem that would be for 

640
00:34:06,680 --> 00:34:10,760
Sparta if a bastard ascended. 
Now the the person that 

641
00:34:10,760 --> 00:34:14,280
supposedly fathered his brother 
is a character that will come up

642
00:34:14,280 --> 00:34:15,960
later. 
Someone that's an enemy of 

643
00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:20,480
Lysander as well. 
Now Lysander had his own ends 

644
00:34:20,480 --> 00:34:24,360
here. 
He supported it just allows our 

645
00:34:24,360 --> 00:34:27,239
Tywin character. 
He was also his lover, Lysander 

646
00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:32,560
like a lot of Greeks, it was 
very common for an older man and

647
00:34:32,560 --> 00:34:34,639
a younger man. 
It's often portrayed as a boy. 

648
00:34:34,639 --> 00:34:37,840
That's not really true. 
It's like the term boy more like

649
00:34:37,840 --> 00:34:41,199
lad in England, where it refers 
to a a younger man, but not a 

650
00:34:41,199 --> 00:34:43,760
boy. 
They this was common in Greece. 

651
00:34:43,760 --> 00:34:46,560
Both thieves and Sparta did this
where you'd have a Anne Athens 

652
00:34:46,560 --> 00:34:49,159
and all these other cities where
you'd have a it was very common 

653
00:34:49,159 --> 00:34:51,800
for you to have a a older man 
and a younger man to be a 

654
00:34:51,800 --> 00:34:53,600
couple. 
And the idea was that the 

655
00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:57,200
younger, the older man is, is 
also a mentor. 

656
00:34:57,200 --> 00:34:59,600
So it's it's a sexual 
relationship, but it's also a 

657
00:34:59,600 --> 00:35:02,360
political and mentoring 
relationship. 

658
00:35:02,560 --> 00:35:05,360
It has some things in common 
with marriage alliances in 

659
00:35:05,360 --> 00:35:09,320
Westeros or in medieval times, 
but it's men instead of a man 

660
00:35:09,320 --> 00:35:11,280
and a woman. 
Of course, you still had 

661
00:35:11,280 --> 00:35:13,440
political marriages between men 
and women in this era too. 

662
00:35:13,720 --> 00:35:17,400
But this, these were more 
prominent, these were written 

663
00:35:17,400 --> 00:35:20,800
about more because of how 
patriarchal the society was. 

664
00:35:20,960 --> 00:35:22,960
It's like, well, what's the only
man? 

665
00:35:22,960 --> 00:35:25,080
Only only equal of a man is 
another man, right? 

666
00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:26,680
And that's kind of the the 
attitude there. 

667
00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:30,160
So the other king wasn't really 
in the picture. 

668
00:35:30,160 --> 00:35:35,040
He was controversial and weak. 
And so that's why Lysander 

669
00:35:35,040 --> 00:35:37,320
wanted to just allow us to be 
king because then he could use 

670
00:35:37,320 --> 00:35:40,800
to just allow us to just allow 
us though this is a puppet that 

671
00:35:40,880 --> 00:35:44,600
was no puppet. 
He was heavily influenced by 

672
00:35:44,600 --> 00:35:46,600
Lysander, but he had his own 
plans. 

673
00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:50,520
So This is why he's so much like
Damon Lysander, because super 

674
00:35:50,520 --> 00:35:54,360
aggressive, a guy that United a 
whole bunch of Greek islands, 

675
00:35:54,360 --> 00:35:56,520
kind of like the Stepstones 
under him. 

676
00:35:56,680 --> 00:35:59,560
And they all owed him favors. 
So he was very powerful because 

677
00:35:59,560 --> 00:36:03,000
he had done a lot of things for 
a lot of people and it amassed a

678
00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:05,920
lot of followers, a lot of 
people that owed him favors and 

679
00:36:05,920 --> 00:36:09,200
a lot of wealth, a lot of glory.
And he of course had these big 

680
00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:11,440
ambitions. 
So he helped jizz allow us 

681
00:36:11,440 --> 00:36:14,000
become king and expected that 
favor to be returned. 

682
00:36:14,320 --> 00:36:16,600
But as I said, it just allow us.
He's no Viserys. 

683
00:36:16,600 --> 00:36:21,200
He's a Tywin proud, haughty, 
very tough minded, never forgets

684
00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:25,240
an insult, a big believer in the
superiority of Sparta like Tywin

685
00:36:25,240 --> 00:36:27,640
is a big believer in the 
superiority of the Lannisters. 

686
00:36:27,760 --> 00:36:30,120
It just allows was impressive 
when he was young, just like 

687
00:36:30,120 --> 00:36:32,480
Tywin, maybe for different 
reasons, but very impressive 

688
00:36:32,720 --> 00:36:37,640
also just like Tywin just allows
head of and a wife who was very 

689
00:36:37,640 --> 00:36:40,040
influential for him. 
Hardly anyone could tell just 

690
00:36:40,040 --> 00:36:42,240
allow us what to do. 
He didn't really consider anyone

691
00:36:42,240 --> 00:36:45,560
to be above him, but his wife 
was very, very influential. 

692
00:36:45,760 --> 00:36:48,720
And her name was Cleora, which 
even kind of rhymes with Joanna.

693
00:36:49,040 --> 00:36:51,200
Now, unfortunately, we don't 
know hardly anything about 

694
00:36:51,200 --> 00:36:52,360
Cleora. 
We just know that she was 

695
00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:54,040
influential. 
We don't really have specifics. 

696
00:36:54,040 --> 00:36:56,120
So that's that's kind of a 
bummer, but it it does work as a

697
00:36:56,120 --> 00:36:58,240
parallel. 
So he's very much a hypocrite, 

698
00:36:58,240 --> 00:37:00,280
this guy, which that fits with 
Tywin. 

699
00:37:00,280 --> 00:37:03,360
And when his friends and family 
are concerned, he's all good to 

700
00:37:03,360 --> 00:37:05,160
them. 
He wants to give them favors, 

701
00:37:05,160 --> 00:37:06,680
you know, be hypocritical, 
etcetera. 

702
00:37:06,680 --> 00:37:08,720
When it's his enemies, he'll do 
anything. 

703
00:37:09,360 --> 00:37:12,240
So this is a great pairing. 
We have an extremely ambitious 

704
00:37:12,240 --> 00:37:16,360
Lysander, an extremely ambitious
A Just allow us and another 

705
00:37:16,360 --> 00:37:19,760
power that traded in both money 
and favors loomed over this all.

706
00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:21,280
And that's where we're going 
next. 

707
00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:24,080
Persia and the Peloponnesian 
War. 

708
00:37:24,080 --> 00:37:27,640
This is 25 years prior. 
This is when Lysander was at his

709
00:37:27,640 --> 00:37:32,440
peak and a just allows us just 
getting started now 25 years 

710
00:37:32,440 --> 00:37:34,800
before just allows wasn't quite 
king yet. 

711
00:37:34,800 --> 00:37:37,240
He was about 8 years away from 
being king. 

712
00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:41,360
Now we need to introduce our 
Iron Bank, our mash up of old 

713
00:37:41,360 --> 00:37:45,600
geese and Valyria, a huge and 
decadent and long standing power

714
00:37:45,600 --> 00:37:50,640
to the east that included almost
everything from western India 

715
00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:54,560
all the way to Turkey, plus 
Egypt and Libya and other things

716
00:37:54,560 --> 00:37:58,280
in the South. 
Persia was absurdly rich in ways

717
00:37:58,400 --> 00:38:01,880
we can't really comprehend in 
modern times, like the scale of 

718
00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:05,120
their wealth, the relative 
ownership they had of all the 

719
00:38:05,120 --> 00:38:07,920
money in their country. 
Also their government system was

720
00:38:07,920 --> 00:38:10,960
interesting in that they had 
satraps, which are governors. 

721
00:38:10,960 --> 00:38:12,720
I'm just going to call them 
governors even though the proper

722
00:38:12,720 --> 00:38:15,320
term is satrap. 
They could legally go to war. 

723
00:38:15,320 --> 00:38:16,960
They had a lot of independent 
authority. 

724
00:38:17,240 --> 00:38:20,880
They were often cousins or 
nephews or relatives of the king

725
00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:25,400
or of other noble families 
because of their size and 

726
00:38:25,400 --> 00:38:29,520
because their territory ends in 
Turkey, modern Turkey, they 

727
00:38:29,520 --> 00:38:32,320
called it Ionia or Anatolia. 
There's a lot of names for it. 

728
00:38:32,480 --> 00:38:33,800
Anyway, it's right next to 
Greece. 

729
00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:36,080
That's the point. 
And so they would get involved a

730
00:38:36,080 --> 00:38:38,560
lot. 
Again, I refer you to the 

731
00:38:38,560 --> 00:38:42,480
example of the 300 and 
Thermopylae to get your 

732
00:38:42,480 --> 00:38:46,080
bearings. 
Thermopylae was 480 and the 

733
00:38:46,080 --> 00:38:49,480
seizure of the cadmium was 382, 
so almost exactly 100 years 

734
00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:52,040
apart. 
Leonidus, this famous part in 

735
00:38:52,040 --> 00:38:56,360
general was king and general was
killed at Thermopylae on the 

736
00:38:56,360 --> 00:39:00,000
orders of Xerxes army. 
The details in that movie are 

737
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:02,200
all wacky, but the basics are 
accurate. 

738
00:39:02,200 --> 00:39:04,440
There was a Xerxes. 
He did come with his army. 

739
00:39:04,440 --> 00:39:05,960
He did. 
He'd have an enormous army. 

740
00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:10,160
The Spartans did stand with 300.
They're also thebans and 

741
00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:11,920
Thespians that stood with the 
Spartans. 

742
00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:14,360
They don't get as much press. 
They weren't in charge. 

743
00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:17,720
Leonidas and those guys get all 
the, you know, all the glory. 

744
00:39:17,720 --> 00:39:20,880
But there were Thebans and 
Thespians that stood by the 

745
00:39:20,880 --> 00:39:25,560
Spartans and died with them. 
The Thespian stayed loyal after 

746
00:39:25,560 --> 00:39:27,680
the loss. 
Thebans didn't though. 

747
00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:32,040
After Persia won at Thermopyly, 
Thebes is like, you guys are 

748
00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:34,560
like right at our front door 
with your giant army. 

749
00:39:34,560 --> 00:39:36,880
All right, we're on your side 
now. 

750
00:39:36,880 --> 00:39:39,120
Fine. 
Thespi is right next door. 

751
00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:42,800
And they didn't though, So that 
good for Thespi, bad for Thebes.

752
00:39:42,800 --> 00:39:45,440
Remember what I said? 
Needism, very bad kowtowing to 

753
00:39:45,440 --> 00:39:48,920
Persia, very bad culturally. 
So this was a, a thing that 

754
00:39:48,920 --> 00:39:52,520
stained Thebes for a long time. 
And Greece remembers like the 

755
00:39:52,520 --> 00:39:55,040
north remembers, right? 
It's also a thing that gave them

756
00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:57,200
a little chip on their shoulder.
They wanted to be redeemed for 

757
00:39:57,200 --> 00:39:59,720
that as a, as a city. 
They didn't like that stain on 

758
00:39:59,720 --> 00:40:02,520
their honor. 
On the flip side, since 

759
00:40:02,520 --> 00:40:05,280
Thermopolis, since since the 
Xerxes invasion, there had been 

760
00:40:05,280 --> 00:40:09,560
a long standing collective Greek
desire to get back at them. 

761
00:40:09,800 --> 00:40:11,720
Even though it had been 100 
years, they hadn't forgotten. 

762
00:40:11,840 --> 00:40:14,320
Persia's been embroiled in all 
sorts of their business. 

763
00:40:14,320 --> 00:40:17,080
No one's going to forget about 
Persia when they're constantly. 

764
00:40:17,400 --> 00:40:21,760
Involved or with war or bribery 
or this and that, aligned with 

765
00:40:21,760 --> 00:40:24,680
Sparta, aligned with Athens, 
aligned with, who knows, just 

766
00:40:25,320 --> 00:40:27,400
playing the Game of Thrones 
their way. 

767
00:40:27,720 --> 00:40:29,920
So the Greeks were like, yeah, 
we need to get back at them. 

768
00:40:29,920 --> 00:40:31,400
They came at us, they invaded 
us. 

769
00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:33,880
We never really, we kicked them 
back out, but we didn't really 

770
00:40:33,880 --> 00:40:37,200
hit them where it hurts. 
We embarrassed them, but they 

771
00:40:37,200 --> 00:40:39,600
just went home and went back to 
being rich as hell. 

772
00:40:40,760 --> 00:40:43,520
So really didn't really bother 
them that much. 

773
00:40:43,520 --> 00:40:45,040
You know, it was embarrassing. 
That's about it. 

774
00:40:45,760 --> 00:40:48,840
Persia stopped trying to do what
Xerxes did. 

775
00:40:48,840 --> 00:40:51,800
Xerxes plan was bad. 
Why invade and conquer and 

776
00:40:51,800 --> 00:40:55,680
manage this place of Greece when
when you can just manipulate it 

777
00:40:55,680 --> 00:40:58,920
with your absurd wealth? 
Because Greece wasn't that rich 

778
00:40:58,920 --> 00:41:01,720
so that Persian money went a 
long way. 

779
00:41:02,640 --> 00:41:08,600
Ironically a lot of times Persia
would make coins with soldiers 

780
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:10,680
portrayed on them. 
So it's kind of like they were 

781
00:41:10,680 --> 00:41:13,480
still using their soldiers, but 
in a in a manner of speaking. 

782
00:41:13,800 --> 00:41:16,800
And they were really good at 
using their money. 

783
00:41:16,800 --> 00:41:19,680
They got savvy at bribing the 
right people. 

784
00:41:20,240 --> 00:41:24,240
A bribe here, a bribe there can 
totally turn a war bribe the 

785
00:41:24,240 --> 00:41:27,680
proper commander. 
Yeah, money instead of fighting.

786
00:41:28,120 --> 00:41:30,480
It was effective. 
And the Greeks looked down on it

787
00:41:30,480 --> 00:41:33,520
a lot. 
But they were more than willing 

788
00:41:33,520 --> 00:41:35,280
to accept the bribes. 
Like if someone else takes the 

789
00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:36,840
bribe. 
Oh, that guy's terrible. 

790
00:41:36,840 --> 00:41:39,000
But if the bribe is to me, I 
have my reasons. 

791
00:41:39,000 --> 00:41:41,080
It's fair for me to do it. 
So yeah, a lot of hypocrisy 

792
00:41:41,080 --> 00:41:43,080
there. 
It's hard to turn down the 

793
00:41:43,080 --> 00:41:44,840
amount of money Persia tends to 
offer here. 

794
00:41:45,320 --> 00:41:49,080
But Persia also didn't want to 
have Greece fighting each other 

795
00:41:49,080 --> 00:41:51,280
too much. 
They that was good for them. 

796
00:41:51,280 --> 00:41:53,480
Because then if, if Greece is 
fighting itself, then they're 

797
00:41:53,480 --> 00:41:55,200
not going to unite and come 
after Persia. 

798
00:41:55,600 --> 00:41:58,840
But there's a balance there. 
Because the Greek soldiers were 

799
00:41:58,840 --> 00:42:00,840
the best of this era. 
Well, the infantry were not the 

800
00:42:00,840 --> 00:42:03,480
cavalry, the infantry. 
And so Persia's like, well, we 

801
00:42:03,480 --> 00:42:06,440
get this giant empire. 
We're always having problems on 

802
00:42:06,440 --> 00:42:08,280
the border. 
Greece isn't our only issue. 

803
00:42:08,440 --> 00:42:11,520
They loved hiring Greek 
mercenaries to help them fight 

804
00:42:11,520 --> 00:42:15,080
their other battles, you know, 
because they were the best at at

805
00:42:15,080 --> 00:42:17,480
infantries like what we need 
these great Greek infantry to 

806
00:42:17,480 --> 00:42:21,440
fight the Sogdians and the 
Bactrians and all these other 

807
00:42:21,640 --> 00:42:24,520
cultures that we don't have much
room for in this story. 

808
00:42:25,240 --> 00:42:29,000
So there was a lot of, there's a
bit of a tightrope walk, a 

809
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:31,240
juggling act that Persia was 
always trying to do, trying to 

810
00:42:31,240 --> 00:42:34,720
keep Athens, Sparta and Thebes 
kind of equal to each other, but

811
00:42:34,720 --> 00:42:37,280
not too weak so that they could 
still hire mercenaries from 

812
00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:38,200
them. 
They wanted that. 

813
00:42:38,200 --> 00:42:40,360
They wanted those soldiers on 
their side. 

814
00:42:41,160 --> 00:42:45,040
If you think that sounds 
unsustainable, delicate, hard to

815
00:42:45,040 --> 00:42:49,680
manage, you're absolutely right.
So this is the This is why I'm 

816
00:42:49,680 --> 00:42:52,000
saying Persia's, the Iron Bank, 
because they had the they had 

817
00:42:52,000 --> 00:42:55,400
the ability to completely flip a
war by giving a bunch of money 

818
00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:57,560
to one side that would 
completely turn the tables. 

819
00:42:57,560 --> 00:42:59,360
And then they could pull that 
support and give it to the other

820
00:42:59,360 --> 00:43:00,640
side if they didn't like that 
was going. 

821
00:43:01,000 --> 00:43:03,800
That's going to happen at many 
times as it had already had by 

822
00:43:03,800 --> 00:43:08,000
this era. 
So that big back and forth that 

823
00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:13,400
I said happened earlier, the 
Peloponnesian War, it lasted 27 

824
00:43:13,400 --> 00:43:16,160
years. 
It was Athens versus Sparta, and

825
00:43:16,160 --> 00:43:18,400
they just shredded each other to
bits. 

826
00:43:18,680 --> 00:43:22,040
Athens superior on the sea, 
Sparta superior on land. 

827
00:43:22,160 --> 00:43:26,880
Neither could really get an edge
the other way until four O 8, 

828
00:43:26,960 --> 00:43:31,080
four years before the war ended.
So 23 years in, what finally 

829
00:43:31,080 --> 00:43:36,080
turned the tide, Persian money, 
they gave money to Persia or 

830
00:43:36,080 --> 00:43:38,040
money. 
Persia gave money to Sparta, 

831
00:43:38,040 --> 00:43:41,760
specifically to Lysander. 
Lysander built a Navy. 

832
00:43:41,840 --> 00:43:46,440
All of a sudden Sparta has a 
Navy that's can match Athens's 

833
00:43:46,480 --> 00:43:50,040
because Persian money. 
The the sailors aren't Spartans.

834
00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:53,320
They're just, you know, paid 
hirelings. 

835
00:43:53,760 --> 00:43:55,400
And Lysander was very smooth 
about this. 

836
00:43:55,400 --> 00:43:58,200
He's like, I'm going to pay my 
soldiers, my sailors more than 

837
00:43:58,200 --> 00:44:00,600
the Athenians pair of theirs. 
And so a lot of the Athenian 

838
00:44:00,600 --> 00:44:05,760
sailors left to come sail for 
Lysander, the war behind the war

839
00:44:05,760 --> 00:44:08,440
kind of thing, you know, the war
of money rather than the war of 

840
00:44:08,440 --> 00:44:13,280
just blood and and salt here. 
So Lysander also just happened 

841
00:44:13,280 --> 00:44:17,680
to be extremely talented. 
Our Prince Damon character was 

842
00:44:17,680 --> 00:44:23,360
really good at warfare, very 
patient at sea, which is unusual

843
00:44:23,360 --> 00:44:24,640
for this area. 
You got a lot of guys that are 

844
00:44:24,640 --> 00:44:29,120
just like very manly and you, 
you know, insults really drive 

845
00:44:29,120 --> 00:44:30,560
them. 
Like remember how we talked 

846
00:44:30,560 --> 00:44:33,680
about Victorian and how a lot of
characters in A Song of Ice and 

847
00:44:33,680 --> 00:44:35,360
Fire, all you got to do is say, 
what are you scared? 

848
00:44:35,480 --> 00:44:38,240
And it totally gets them. 
They just, they get so mad if 

849
00:44:38,240 --> 00:44:40,920
you threaten their manhood, 
their bravery, the. 

850
00:44:41,000 --> 00:44:43,320
Marty McFly Effect. 
There it is. 

851
00:44:43,680 --> 00:44:45,960
That's right. 
So this work, there's a lot of 

852
00:44:45,960 --> 00:44:49,200
cases in the ancient world, in 
this era where just taunting 

853
00:44:49,200 --> 00:44:52,120
someone had an amazingly 
powerful effect. 

854
00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:55,680
Lysander was immune to this, 
mostly immune to this. 

855
00:44:55,680 --> 00:44:57,680
Listen, not entirely immune to 
this, mostly immune to this. 

856
00:44:57,840 --> 00:45:00,920
He, he was very patient. 
He would wait for his enemies to

857
00:45:00,920 --> 00:45:03,000
make a mistake and pounce on 
that mistake. 

858
00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:04,880
He wouldn't charge right at 
them. 

859
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:07,760
He wouldn't just fight for the 
sake of fighting. 

860
00:45:07,760 --> 00:45:13,000
He was very calculating and very
good at it, very talented, kind 

861
00:45:13,000 --> 00:45:15,280
of like, kind of like Damon. 
He would attack when attacking 

862
00:45:15,280 --> 00:45:17,400
was right, be patient when 
patient wasn't. 

863
00:45:17,760 --> 00:45:23,080
And he was the first Spartan who
was a really good Navy 

864
00:45:23,080 --> 00:45:25,000
commander. 
They never had anyone like that 

865
00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:28,560
before or really much after. 
So he was a really unique 

866
00:45:28,560 --> 00:45:30,040
talent. 
The kind of they didn't, they 

867
00:45:30,040 --> 00:45:32,960
didn't produce naval talents 
because they didn't really have 

868
00:45:32,960 --> 00:45:35,280
a Navy. 
They didn't have ships. 

869
00:45:35,280 --> 00:45:39,040
That just wasn't their thing. 
Sparta's very inland and they 

870
00:45:39,040 --> 00:45:43,160
they didn't consider it manly 
and they thought being a sailor 

871
00:45:43,200 --> 00:45:46,000
made you soft, which is kind of 
funny to think about considering

872
00:45:46,000 --> 00:45:48,520
how hard it is to be a sailor. 
Like, that is a rough job. 

873
00:45:48,720 --> 00:45:51,520
But the Spartans, they're like, 
that makes you soft, makes you 

874
00:45:51,520 --> 00:45:52,760
weak. 
Really. 

875
00:45:53,400 --> 00:45:56,800
Well, yes. 
So that broke the stalemate. 

876
00:45:56,800 --> 00:46:01,160
And four years later, Lysander 
made all these moves, defeats 

877
00:46:01,160 --> 00:46:04,000
Athens and more on that in a 
minute. 

878
00:46:04,560 --> 00:46:07,240
One thing I like to do here is 
include things that aren't just 

879
00:46:07,240 --> 00:46:10,120
about war and politics. 
I want to include other elements

880
00:46:10,120 --> 00:46:13,360
of Greek culture here. 
So every four years I'm going to

881
00:46:13,360 --> 00:46:15,360
describe a little bit about what
happened in the Olympics. 

882
00:46:15,440 --> 00:46:17,480
It's also going to help us keep 
track of the timeline. 

883
00:46:17,800 --> 00:46:20,760
So in four O 8 BC, four years 
before the end of the 

884
00:46:20,760 --> 00:46:24,360
Peloponnesian War, 26 years 
before the seizure of the 

885
00:46:24,360 --> 00:46:30,560
cadmium by Foibidas, we had the 
95th Olympiad, the most 

886
00:46:30,560 --> 00:46:35,880
important 95th Olympiad already 
in the year 4 O 8 BC. 

887
00:46:37,080 --> 00:46:40,600
That's so many, right? 
The most important race or the 

888
00:46:40,600 --> 00:46:43,520
most important event in the 
Olympiad was the Stadion. 

889
00:46:43,880 --> 00:46:47,000
It's the race, a foot race, like
a 200 yard foot race, 180 

890
00:46:47,560 --> 00:46:49,760
meters. 
For a while it was the only 

891
00:46:49,760 --> 00:46:52,720
event they they did a lot of 
they developed it a lot. 

892
00:46:52,720 --> 00:46:54,960
Eventually they had like kind of
a cool little starting spot 

893
00:46:54,960 --> 00:46:59,360
where they had like a a groove, 
a stone groove in the ground for

894
00:46:59,360 --> 00:47:01,400
the starting spot where you 
could dig your toes into it. 

895
00:47:01,520 --> 00:47:03,400
And it was like how you could. 
It was kind of like the 

896
00:47:03,400 --> 00:47:05,280
equivalent of starting blocks. 
They didn't have starting 

897
00:47:05,280 --> 00:47:07,160
blocks, but they had these 
little stone groove that you 

898
00:47:07,160 --> 00:47:09,400
could dig your toes into kind of
like get a a push off. 

899
00:47:09,680 --> 00:47:15,520
Anyway, this year 4 O ABC, this 
guy, you Botis of Cyrene, that 

900
00:47:15,520 --> 00:47:18,920
he went to the Oracle of Libya, 
Cyrene's in Libya and the Oracle

901
00:47:18,920 --> 00:47:21,840
said you're going to win. 
You're going to win the Stadion,

902
00:47:21,840 --> 00:47:24,280
the most important event of the 
Olympics. 

903
00:47:24,440 --> 00:47:28,880
And you notice it's like, cool, 
I'm going to go ahead and get 

904
00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:31,400
ahead of that and go ahead and 
Commission a statue of my 

905
00:47:31,400 --> 00:47:34,720
victory. 
Before the race, he made a 

906
00:47:34,720 --> 00:47:36,400
statue of himself being the 
winner. 

907
00:47:36,600 --> 00:47:39,600
Now it's common for winners to 
make a statue and dedicate it to

908
00:47:39,600 --> 00:47:42,560
Olympia. 
Olympia just full of treasure, 

909
00:47:42,560 --> 00:47:44,800
full of statues, gold, silver 
dedications. 

910
00:47:44,800 --> 00:47:48,120
No one would think to take this 
stuff because it's for the gods.

911
00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:52,640
Hold that thought. 
Anyway, he dedicates the statue 

912
00:47:52,640 --> 00:47:54,320
ahead of time. 
So he's like, Yep, I'm going to 

913
00:47:54,320 --> 00:47:57,040
win. 
Before the event, he meets the 

914
00:47:57,040 --> 00:47:59,680
famous Corinthian hitaira 
laisse. 

915
00:48:00,360 --> 00:48:03,520
A hitaira is sort of like a 
courtesan or a geisha girl and 

916
00:48:03,520 --> 00:48:06,720
kind of like that. 
A high, very high end, a sex 

917
00:48:06,720 --> 00:48:08,400
worker, but more than a sex 
worker. 

918
00:48:08,400 --> 00:48:11,680
Not just that, but that's a one 
of the first things that come to

919
00:48:11,680 --> 00:48:14,720
mind. 
Now Lyce was the most beautiful 

920
00:48:14,720 --> 00:48:18,600
woman of the era, according to 
our sources, and she was into 

921
00:48:18,600 --> 00:48:22,680
him and he but he's like, I'm 
training for my race here. 

922
00:48:22,680 --> 00:48:27,040
I got no time for relationships.
So he to to kind of push her 

923
00:48:27,040 --> 00:48:28,520
off, trying to blow her off a 
little bit. 

924
00:48:28,520 --> 00:48:32,720
He's like, I'll marry you if I 
win, which you know, he already 

925
00:48:32,720 --> 00:48:34,520
knew he was going to win 
according to the Oracle, right? 

926
00:48:34,760 --> 00:48:36,480
He's like, I can't, but I got no
time for you right now. 

927
00:48:36,480 --> 00:48:41,360
I got to train, you know? 
And so when he won, he did win. 

928
00:48:41,920 --> 00:48:45,720
What? 
He was ready to go with his 

929
00:48:45,720 --> 00:48:47,080
statue. 
He's like, yeah, here's your, 

930
00:48:47,520 --> 00:48:49,440
here's your Laurel wreath, your 
victor's wreath. 

931
00:48:49,440 --> 00:48:51,160
They didn't have the gold, 
silver, bronze medals. 

932
00:48:51,160 --> 00:48:53,200
They had the olive wreath. 
You know you would wear that 

933
00:48:53,200 --> 00:48:56,520
victor's thing on your head. 
Usually the statue would come a 

934
00:48:56,520 --> 00:48:58,440
few weeks or months later. 
But he was raised like, I got my

935
00:48:58,440 --> 00:49:00,320
statue ready to go y'all, here 
it is. 

936
00:49:00,600 --> 00:49:03,440
And then he used semantics to 
wriggle out of that marriage 

937
00:49:03,440 --> 00:49:05,160
offer. 
For some reason, he didn't want 

938
00:49:05,160 --> 00:49:08,080
to marry the most beautiful 
woman of the year anyway, so he 

939
00:49:08,080 --> 00:49:10,560
got out of that and married 
someone else and his that 

940
00:49:10,560 --> 00:49:13,640
someone else made a statue of 
him again to show his 

941
00:49:13,640 --> 00:49:15,480
restraints. 
Like he he was so restrained he 

942
00:49:15,480 --> 00:49:18,960
didn't marry Lice. 
Well, Lice will reappear in the 

943
00:49:18,960 --> 00:49:22,160
story later. 
The pancreation is another 

944
00:49:22,160 --> 00:49:24,640
important event that's basically
mixed martial arts. 

945
00:49:24,800 --> 00:49:26,440
It's still called that in some 
circles today. 

946
00:49:26,440 --> 00:49:28,760
You still hear the pancreation 
or pancreatist. 

947
00:49:29,000 --> 00:49:32,720
A pancreatist is a is a 
pancreatic is an athlete who 

948
00:49:32,800 --> 00:49:35,480
competes in that. 
This guy named Polydamus of 

949
00:49:35,480 --> 00:49:40,040
Scotusa won the pancreation. 
He was so impressive, he was so 

950
00:49:40,040 --> 00:49:45,840
big and strong that the Persian 
king derives the second brought 

951
00:49:45,840 --> 00:49:48,720
him all the way the 2000 miles 
over there to perform feats of 

952
00:49:48,720 --> 00:49:50,120
strength at his court. 
So this guy was a real 

953
00:49:50,120 --> 00:49:52,240
something. 
Supposedly he died in a cave in 

954
00:49:52,240 --> 00:49:54,720
because he's he thought he was 
strong enough to hold the rocks 

955
00:49:54,720 --> 00:49:57,960
back and got crushed. 
Anyway, some guy named you, you 

956
00:49:57,960 --> 00:50:00,280
Agoris of Elis. 
Elis is important because this 

957
00:50:00,280 --> 00:50:03,400
is where the Olympics are held. 
They're the first people to hold

958
00:50:03,400 --> 00:50:05,600
the Olympiads and they're this 
is a rich culture, rich 

959
00:50:05,600 --> 00:50:07,560
community, a lot of horse 
racing. 

960
00:50:07,920 --> 00:50:10,040
As you'll see, horse racing 
became a big part of the 

961
00:50:10,040 --> 00:50:12,280
Olympiad. 
The two horse chariot race is 

962
00:50:12,280 --> 00:50:14,680
called the Sonoras. 
This, this Euagoris of Ellis won

963
00:50:14,680 --> 00:50:17,600
that, and the tetrapon was worn 
by Archelaus, the first of 

964
00:50:17,600 --> 00:50:20,440
Macedon, the king of Macedonia. 
That's right. 

965
00:50:20,440 --> 00:50:23,480
He entered his horses and won. 
This is kind of a weird 

966
00:50:23,480 --> 00:50:26,880
situation where these are rich 
people entering their horses 

967
00:50:26,880 --> 00:50:28,960
into races. 
The they're not the ones driving

968
00:50:28,960 --> 00:50:31,840
the horses. 
It's either a slave or some paid

969
00:50:31,840 --> 00:50:33,880
athlete. 
And they were allowed to enter 

970
00:50:33,880 --> 00:50:35,640
more than one team. 
So some of these times, you 

971
00:50:35,640 --> 00:50:38,800
hear, like this guy won, but he 
might have entered five times. 

972
00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:40,800
He might have had five Chariots 
in there. 

973
00:50:40,800 --> 00:50:42,360
There might have been 10 
Chariots and half of them were 

974
00:50:42,360 --> 00:50:43,680
his. 
We don't know exactly. 

975
00:50:43,680 --> 00:50:45,960
The records aren't that great, 
but it's neat to see. 

976
00:50:46,200 --> 00:50:49,080
Moving on, a quote from 
Lysander. 

977
00:50:49,280 --> 00:50:53,120
I cheat boys with dice and men 
with oaths. 

978
00:50:53,960 --> 00:50:59,240
Yeah. 
Now the money flowed from Persia

979
00:50:59,240 --> 00:51:04,240
to Sparta because not just 
because of politics, not just 

980
00:51:04,240 --> 00:51:07,720
because it was in the Persian 
King's best interest to support 

981
00:51:07,720 --> 00:51:09,280
Sparta at this particular 
junction. 

982
00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:11,720
Yeah, he could switch his money 
support to Athens or Thebes 

983
00:51:11,720 --> 00:51:14,800
later if he wanted to. 
Right now he was giving money to

984
00:51:14,800 --> 00:51:18,560
Sparta, and partly it was 
because of politics, but partly 

985
00:51:18,560 --> 00:51:21,400
it was because of friendship and
partly because of conspiracy. 

986
00:51:21,920 --> 00:51:26,400
Derice's younger son, Cyrus, who
was called Cyrus the Younger, 

987
00:51:26,480 --> 00:51:31,720
the founder of the Persian 
dynasty was Cyrus the Elder, I 

988
00:51:31,720 --> 00:51:34,840
guess. 
And Cyrus, like a lot of 

989
00:51:34,840 --> 00:51:38,640
Princess, was given a title. 
He was a governor in Asia Minor,

990
00:51:38,640 --> 00:51:40,640
which is, you know, Turkey's 
included in that. 

991
00:51:41,160 --> 00:51:44,520
And Cyrus and Lysander became 
friends. 

992
00:51:45,120 --> 00:51:47,320
Lysander was really good at 
making friends with people and 

993
00:51:47,320 --> 00:51:50,920
given he had a sexual 
relationship with just allows, 

994
00:51:50,920 --> 00:51:52,560
it's possible he had one. 
Cyrus too. 

995
00:51:52,560 --> 00:51:55,400
We're not really sure. 
The two were remarkably loyal to

996
00:51:55,400 --> 00:52:00,120
each other, possibly because 
they had agreed to help each 

997
00:52:00,120 --> 00:52:02,880
other out. 
They both were, they were men of

998
00:52:02,880 --> 00:52:06,480
like minds and similar ambition,
and they could help each other 

999
00:52:06,480 --> 00:52:08,360
rise. 
Now you got to ask yourself, 

1000
00:52:08,600 --> 00:52:12,320
well, if you're Cyrus, you're a 
younger son of the Persian great

1001
00:52:12,320 --> 00:52:16,720
king, You're the only rise you 
can make is to the king, which 

1002
00:52:16,720 --> 00:52:19,680
means you have to usurp or 
murder or whatever your older 

1003
00:52:19,680 --> 00:52:21,880
brother. 
You're exactly right. 

1004
00:52:21,880 --> 00:52:24,640
If you're thinking along those 
lines, Lysander was totally, 

1005
00:52:25,000 --> 00:52:27,960
totally willing to help Cyrus 
become king. 

1006
00:52:28,320 --> 00:52:30,560
Now wait, what is Lysander's end
game? 

1007
00:52:30,560 --> 00:52:34,120
Though He's not in the royal 
family, he is a descendant of 

1008
00:52:34,120 --> 00:52:37,760
Heracles. 
Like a lot of Spartan and Steven

1009
00:52:37,760 --> 00:52:38,880
and. 
Athenian nobles. 

1010
00:52:38,880 --> 00:52:41,560
That's a. 
Big deal to trace your bloodline

1011
00:52:41,560 --> 00:52:46,040
to Hercules Heracles. 
So Cyrus and Lysander make some 

1012
00:52:46,040 --> 00:52:47,960
sort of mutually beneficial 
alliance. 

1013
00:52:47,960 --> 00:52:51,320
They'd each help each other rise
within their own country and 

1014
00:52:51,320 --> 00:52:57,000
then profit from there. 
Now, Cyrus's mother was Queen 

1015
00:52:57,000 --> 00:53:02,000
Parasatis, who was a niece of 
the same Xerxes that led the 

1016
00:53:02,000 --> 00:53:05,320
battle, led the army into 
Thermopylae in 480 during the 

1017
00:53:05,320 --> 00:53:10,400
the adventures of the 300. 
Yeah, incest from the Persians 

1018
00:53:10,400 --> 00:53:13,440
is outrageous. 
It's worse than the Targaryens. 

1019
00:53:13,520 --> 00:53:16,360
Now this example isn't worse 
than Targaryens if she's a niece

1020
00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:21,520
that ends up marrying back into 
the line marrying King Darius, 

1021
00:53:21,960 --> 00:53:26,280
the son of a different the 
grandson of Xerxes. 

1022
00:53:26,280 --> 00:53:31,720
Rather now she just straight up 
says hey husband, why don't you 

1023
00:53:31,720 --> 00:53:37,200
name Cyrus your heir instead of 
Arsakis who was the older 

1024
00:53:37,200 --> 00:53:38,920
brother. 
Now that's her son too. 

1025
00:53:38,920 --> 00:53:41,440
Those are both her sons. 
I know you might be thinking 

1026
00:53:42,280 --> 00:53:45,160
these Persian kings have 
multiple wives. 

1027
00:53:45,160 --> 00:53:49,280
You're right. 
Darius may have had, like, more 

1028
00:53:49,280 --> 00:53:52,640
than 100 children, and the next 
one's going to have even more. 

1029
00:53:53,200 --> 00:53:55,880
So she kept pushing for it. 
She's like, yeah, Come on, 

1030
00:53:55,880 --> 00:53:57,080
Darius. 
Come on, husband. 

1031
00:53:57,280 --> 00:54:00,720
I helped you get the throne. 
If if it wasn't for me, you 

1032
00:54:00,720 --> 00:54:03,400
wouldn't have gotten the throne.
Husband, you're a bastard. 

1033
00:54:03,400 --> 00:54:07,040
Your ascent was very unlikely. 
But because of me, you're 

1034
00:54:07,040 --> 00:54:10,560
sitting on that throne. 
So return this favor to me and 

1035
00:54:10,560 --> 00:54:13,240
make our younger son king. 
He didn't do it. 

1036
00:54:13,400 --> 00:54:16,320
He didn't budget. 
Now, you got to respect just how

1037
00:54:16,320 --> 00:54:19,600
powerful Pirosatus was. 
She had been at court for like 

1038
00:54:19,800 --> 00:54:23,280
50 years. 
She had a big network of spies. 

1039
00:54:23,400 --> 00:54:29,800
She was extremely powerful. 
This is our mash up of, let's 

1040
00:54:29,800 --> 00:54:32,600
say, Olenna Tyrell. 
Her nickname is the Queen of 

1041
00:54:32,600 --> 00:54:35,040
Thorns. 
What if she was an actual queen?

1042
00:54:35,160 --> 00:54:39,120
Yeah, this is Cersei with the 
brain power of Olenna, the 

1043
00:54:39,120 --> 00:54:42,120
attitude of Cersei, the high 
mindedness, the pride, the 

1044
00:54:42,120 --> 00:54:46,920
viciousness that she's got that,
but she's also got the the 

1045
00:54:46,920 --> 00:54:51,840
cunning, the spy network, the 
political understanding, the 

1046
00:54:52,080 --> 00:54:56,920
ability to have multiple faces. 
That's that's Parasatus. 

1047
00:54:57,640 --> 00:55:01,080
She probably had 13 children 
from Darius, too, but he still 

1048
00:55:01,080 --> 00:55:02,520
just wouldn't do it. 
He wouldn't change the 

1049
00:55:02,520 --> 00:55:05,800
succession, all this 
maneuvering, all this. 

1050
00:55:05,800 --> 00:55:09,440
Pushing to change. 
The succession. 

1051
00:55:09,840 --> 00:55:12,280
Got. 
Statara mad at her. 

1052
00:55:12,280 --> 00:55:15,040
Statara was the wife of the 
elder son who was set to be 

1053
00:55:15,040 --> 00:55:17,200
queen. 
She's like, stop trying to make 

1054
00:55:17,320 --> 00:55:21,680
my husband not king. 
Stop that now, Parasatus had. 

1055
00:55:21,680 --> 00:55:25,440
Already. 
Executed or allowed the 

1056
00:55:25,440 --> 00:55:29,880
execution of Tara's entire 
family because of her brother. 

1057
00:55:29,880 --> 00:55:33,400
Married Statara. 
Married Parasatus's other 

1058
00:55:33,400 --> 00:55:36,680
daughter but she he wasn't 
really in love with her and he 

1059
00:55:36,680 --> 00:55:40,440
was really after his own half 
sister instead and that became a

1060
00:55:40,440 --> 00:55:43,960
big scandal and the king ended 
up having them all executed. 

1061
00:55:43,960 --> 00:55:49,080
But Parasitis asked Stuttera to 
be spared because she's the wife

1062
00:55:49,160 --> 00:55:52,400
of her older son. 
This is ironic because this 

1063
00:55:52,400 --> 00:55:55,480
becomes her biggest rival. 
She saves to Tara and then Tara 

1064
00:55:55,480 --> 00:55:56,920
becomes her biggest rival at 
court. 

1065
00:55:57,200 --> 00:56:01,240
Satara becomes basically a 
Marjorie Tyrell, the actual wife

1066
00:56:01,240 --> 00:56:03,280
to the king where she's the are 
Cersei. 

1067
00:56:03,320 --> 00:56:05,320
Queen Paracatus is the mother to
the king. 

1068
00:56:07,560 --> 00:56:09,200
Switching back. 
To Lysander for a minute. 

1069
00:56:09,840 --> 00:56:12,800
He, his mother, was a slave. 
So that's. 

1070
00:56:12,800 --> 00:56:15,680
A big deal that he rose this far
again. 

1071
00:56:15,680 --> 00:56:18,080
He didn't have the birth of it a
just a Laos or a Cyrus. 

1072
00:56:18,080 --> 00:56:22,240
He's not a king, but he's 
powerful enough and he earned a 

1073
00:56:22,240 --> 00:56:23,800
lot of respect along. 
The way and like we. 

1074
00:56:23,800 --> 00:56:27,480
Said lover to A just allow us. 
At one point, A just allow us 

1075
00:56:27,480 --> 00:56:30,680
said to Lysander. 
My father taught me nothing but 

1076
00:56:30,680 --> 00:56:34,880
Spartan ways, and now you ask me
to rule like an Athenian. 

1077
00:56:35,560 --> 00:56:39,480
So they had a good relationship,
but they were also at odds with 

1078
00:56:39,480 --> 00:56:41,480
certain styles of leadership and
all that. 

1079
00:56:42,120 --> 00:56:45,800
So with Cyrus and A just allow 
us, what do we have here? 

1080
00:56:45,960 --> 00:56:48,640
Looking at Lysander's 
perspective, he's got the second

1081
00:56:48,640 --> 00:56:53,360
in line to the throne in his 
back pocket of Persia, second 

1082
00:56:53,360 --> 00:56:54,960
line to Persia, and then. 
He's got to. 

1083
00:56:54,960 --> 00:56:57,720
Just allow us to at this point 
wasn't king yet but was really 

1084
00:56:57,720 --> 00:56:58,960
close to the line of succession 
too. 

1085
00:56:58,960 --> 00:57:02,040
So he's just two of his best 
friends who was biggest allies 

1086
00:57:02,040 --> 00:57:06,800
are people just outside the top 
spot and with his manipulation 

1087
00:57:07,480 --> 00:57:09,000
they could both be at the top 
spot. 

1088
00:57:09,000 --> 00:57:11,160
I already described how he 
helped just allow us to become 

1089
00:57:11,160 --> 00:57:14,000
king by manipulating the Oracle 
and manipulating the the whole 

1090
00:57:14,000 --> 00:57:15,640
stories of bastardy and all 
that. 

1091
00:57:16,240 --> 00:57:17,920
He did a similar thing with 
Cyrus. 

1092
00:57:18,600 --> 00:57:22,840
So Lysander's actual position 
was Nave Ark. 

1093
00:57:23,200 --> 00:57:25,560
That's Admiral. 
But like a lot of these. 

1094
00:57:25,560 --> 00:57:26,640
Greek. 
Positions. 

1095
00:57:26,640 --> 00:57:29,880
A lot of these offices, even in 
Sparta, it was an elected 

1096
00:57:29,880 --> 00:57:33,360
position and it was an elected 
position you could only hold 

1097
00:57:33,360 --> 00:57:35,000
once. 
So you could only be nave ark 

1098
00:57:35,000 --> 00:57:39,560
for a year and your entire life 
so be, but this guy was so. 

1099
00:57:39,560 --> 00:57:40,200
Talent. 
He was so. 

1100
00:57:40,200 --> 00:57:43,400
Much better than any nave ark 
they ever had before or after. 

1101
00:57:43,400 --> 00:57:46,680
They were like do we really? 
Do we really want to have him 

1102
00:57:46,680 --> 00:57:49,080
not be in office? 
Actually, yes. 

1103
00:57:49,080 --> 00:57:50,800
A lot of Spartans are like this 
guy's too powerful. 

1104
00:57:50,800 --> 00:57:52,640
He's doing too many non Spartan 
things. 

1105
00:57:52,640 --> 00:57:55,720
He's not doing it our way. 
We don't want him in charge 

1106
00:57:55,720 --> 00:57:57,120
anymore. 
Even though he's effective. 

1107
00:57:57,120 --> 00:57:58,920
He's he's changing our cultural 
values. 

1108
00:57:58,920 --> 00:58:00,960
We don't like that. 
Even though he's conquering 

1109
00:58:00,960 --> 00:58:04,640
Greek islands left and right, 
even though he's kicking out the

1110
00:58:04,640 --> 00:58:08,280
Democrats and installing the 
oligarchs who are loyal, those 

1111
00:58:08,280 --> 00:58:10,440
oligarchs are mostly loyal to 
him, not Sparta. 

1112
00:58:10,520 --> 00:58:12,480
So he's building this big 
network. 

1113
00:58:12,480 --> 00:58:15,800
Like I said, the crown jewels of
this network are Cyrus, and it 

1114
00:58:15,800 --> 00:58:17,760
just allows. 
But he has all these other 

1115
00:58:17,880 --> 00:58:20,080
oligarchs on all these other 
Greek islands. 

1116
00:58:20,320 --> 00:58:24,960
Take one look at the map of the 
Aegean, all the islands east of 

1117
00:58:24,960 --> 00:58:27,000
Greece and West of what's now 
Turkey. 

1118
00:58:27,000 --> 00:58:30,280
There's so many. 
And Lysander was just one after 

1119
00:58:30,280 --> 00:58:32,800
the other, picking these off and
making them Spartan, but 

1120
00:58:32,800 --> 00:58:35,720
actually making them his. 
They were in Spartan in name, 

1121
00:58:35,720 --> 00:58:38,800
but the actual people in charge 
there were loyal to him. 

1122
00:58:39,440 --> 00:58:41,720
So it was very clever. 
Sparta was getting all this 

1123
00:58:41,720 --> 00:58:46,360
benefit, all of this wealth, all
this power under, but Lysander 

1124
00:58:46,360 --> 00:58:49,280
was collecting for them. 
But really it was his power. 

1125
00:58:50,000 --> 00:58:52,600
Nominally it's Spartan power, 
but really, you know, these 

1126
00:58:52,600 --> 00:58:55,640
people were loyal to him. 
If you know your Roman history, 

1127
00:58:55,920 --> 00:58:58,920
this is exactly what Pompey 
Magnus, Pompey the Great did. 

1128
00:58:58,920 --> 00:59:01,920
He conquered a whole lot of 
territory for Rome, but he 

1129
00:59:01,920 --> 00:59:05,160
installed people to rule those 
places that were loyal to him. 

1130
00:59:05,160 --> 00:59:08,960
So yeah, they were Roman, but 
when the civil war in Rome 

1131
00:59:08,960 --> 00:59:12,520
happened, those places fought 
for Pompey against Caesar. 

1132
00:59:13,280 --> 00:59:17,000
Now as a quick. 
Aside, this is. 

1133
00:59:17,000 --> 00:59:19,920
More than a slight parallel 
here, Plutarch's parallel lives.

1134
00:59:19,920 --> 00:59:22,360
Remember their comparisons of 
famous Greeks to famous Romans. 

1135
00:59:22,760 --> 00:59:25,960
The comparison of Lysander was 
to Pompey the Great. 

1136
00:59:26,160 --> 00:59:29,080
There you go. 
So as I said, Lysander was very 

1137
00:59:29,080 --> 00:59:31,600
clever. 
He he increased the pay by one 

1138
00:59:31,600 --> 00:59:33,000
Oval a day. 
It's like a penny. 

1139
00:59:33,240 --> 00:59:34,480
They were getting 3 pennies a 
day. 

1140
00:59:34,480 --> 00:59:37,040
Now they got 4. 
That's actually not a lot of 

1141
00:59:37,040 --> 00:59:39,240
money, but it's a big increase, 
relatively speaking. 

1142
00:59:39,240 --> 00:59:41,320
It's a 33% raise. 
That's a lot, right? 

1143
00:59:41,960 --> 00:59:44,560
So not only did he give them the
money, he made it. 

1144
00:59:44,560 --> 00:59:46,640
He made himself the champion. 
He made himself the hero. 

1145
00:59:46,640 --> 00:59:49,920
He's like, I fought to get you 
more money. 

1146
00:59:49,920 --> 00:59:51,960
You guys are doing such a great 
job. 

1147
00:59:51,960 --> 00:59:55,280
You're such hard workers. 
You deserve to be paid more and 

1148
00:59:55,280 --> 00:59:58,520
I brought that to you. 
He made himself a hero of the 

1149
00:59:58,520 --> 01:00:01,200
soldiers, really, really good 
at. 

1150
01:00:01,840 --> 01:00:06,280
Framing everything that happened
as he did it and he did it for 

1151
01:00:06,280 --> 01:00:08,080
you. 
He never kept money. 

1152
01:00:08,080 --> 01:00:11,280
This is a very I compared him to
Damon, but he's a little bit 

1153
01:00:11,280 --> 01:00:15,360
Euron like in that his he didn't
keep much for himself. 

1154
01:00:15,360 --> 01:00:17,720
He he was, he was like, yeah, 
I'm just giving all this money 

1155
01:00:17,720 --> 01:00:20,080
away. 
Partly because he cared more 

1156
01:00:20,080 --> 01:00:22,160
about amassing power than he 
cared about wealth. 

1157
01:00:22,160 --> 01:00:24,360
He figured if I have enough 
power, the wealth will come. 

1158
01:00:24,520 --> 01:00:27,800
Second of all, he's Spartans. 
The Spartans were not very big 

1159
01:00:27,800 --> 01:00:30,240
on wealth anyway and he didn't 
want to. 

1160
01:00:30,240 --> 01:00:33,120
He was already being anti 
Spartan in a lot of other ways 

1161
01:00:33,120 --> 01:00:34,160
cultural. 
He didn't want to. 

1162
01:00:34,160 --> 01:00:37,880
He didn't want to flout that 
cultural tenet of amassing 

1163
01:00:37,880 --> 01:00:40,320
wealth for himself that would 
have that would be even more 

1164
01:00:40,320 --> 01:00:43,320
anti Spartan or non Spartan. 
He didn't want to open himself 

1165
01:00:43,320 --> 01:00:48,240
up to that sort of complaint or 
charges from the the people in 

1166
01:00:48,240 --> 01:00:52,400
Sparta who didn't like him. 
So he was very smart in keeping 

1167
01:00:52,400 --> 01:00:54,960
his hands as clean as possible 
while doing all these corrupt 

1168
01:00:54,960 --> 01:00:57,680
things. 
But again, one year term, when 

1169
01:00:57,680 --> 01:01:02,320
his one year term expired, he 
the money to pay those soldiers,

1170
01:01:02,320 --> 01:01:03,320
right? 
What he got that from? 

1171
01:01:03,320 --> 01:01:05,480
Cyrus, right? 
Cyrus gave him that money to 

1172
01:01:05,480 --> 01:01:07,960
spread around and help. 
So they were allies, right? 

1173
01:01:08,120 --> 01:01:12,400
Persian money, so much of it. 
Not a big deal for Cyrus, but 

1174
01:01:13,480 --> 01:01:15,240
they had their. 
Conspiracy, right? 

1175
01:01:15,240 --> 01:01:17,440
Their little backroom. 
Plan that they were working on. 

1176
01:01:17,440 --> 01:01:21,840
And how did this play out? 
Well, Lysander gave up his 

1177
01:01:21,840 --> 01:01:25,960
office, he told the new guy. 
Callicritis, Kalikratitis 

1178
01:01:25,960 --> 01:01:29,240
rather, he said, hey, I'm giving
you the best Navy SPART he's 

1179
01:01:29,240 --> 01:01:31,560
ever had. 
And he's like, yeah, you, you 

1180
01:01:31,560 --> 01:01:33,120
probably are. 
Thanks for that. 

1181
01:01:33,560 --> 01:01:37,120
But Lysander didn't. 
Want callikritis to succeed? 

1182
01:01:37,120 --> 01:01:40,560
He wanted. 
Callikritis to fail and he so he

1183
01:01:40,560 --> 01:01:43,560
gave all of Cyrus's money back. 
He's like, Cyrus, take your 

1184
01:01:43,560 --> 01:01:46,680
money back, even though 
Clikritis needs it to pay the 

1185
01:01:46,760 --> 01:01:50,880
the crews. 
So he basically sabotage 

1186
01:01:50,880 --> 01:01:51,920
Caliquitas. 
This is a guy. 

1187
01:01:51,920 --> 01:01:54,040
This guy was good. 
He was talented, but he's no 

1188
01:01:54,280 --> 01:01:56,600
Lysander, and he's no match for 
Lysander's cunning and 

1189
01:01:56,600 --> 01:01:58,840
underhandedness. 
And Cyrus was in on it. 

1190
01:01:58,840 --> 01:02:01,480
Cyrus was like, yeah, I'm 
keeping this money. 

1191
01:02:01,480 --> 01:02:06,200
I'm not helping you, Caliquitas.
My buddy Lysander said not to. 

1192
01:02:06,200 --> 01:02:09,280
And that's how it's going to go.
Caliquitas was smart enough to 

1193
01:02:09,280 --> 01:02:12,640
figure out this was happening, 
so he had to work extra hard to 

1194
01:02:12,640 --> 01:02:14,640
like get more money from their 
allies. 

1195
01:02:14,640 --> 01:02:17,320
Which made their allies not like
him. 

1196
01:02:18,280 --> 01:02:19,920
They liked Lysander because he 
was. 

1197
01:02:19,920 --> 01:02:22,360
Giving them stuff where? 
Calicritis is taking stuff from 

1198
01:02:22,360 --> 01:02:25,000
him because kind of because he 
has to, because Lysander left 

1199
01:02:25,000 --> 01:02:27,320
him with nothing. 
It was a brilliant move by 

1200
01:02:27,320 --> 01:02:31,080
Lysander, very cynical, very 
selfish, but it worked. 

1201
01:02:31,240 --> 01:02:34,360
Eventually Calicrititis got into
a naval engagement, got into a 

1202
01:02:34,360 --> 01:02:37,680
battle, and was killed. 
He probably wouldn't have lost 

1203
01:02:37,680 --> 01:02:41,120
if he had Cyrus's money though, 
because the crews that deserted 

1204
01:02:41,120 --> 01:02:44,760
to him to to the Lysander 
because of the extra pay went 

1205
01:02:44,760 --> 01:02:47,880
back because that extra pay went
away and all those soldiers 

1206
01:02:47,880 --> 01:02:49,960
associated the extra pay with 
Lysander. 

1207
01:02:50,120 --> 01:02:52,080
They're like, that's the guy 
that was paying us more. 

1208
01:02:52,440 --> 01:02:56,720
So Calicratidis dies, the 
Sparta's like OK, who are we 

1209
01:02:56,720 --> 01:02:58,400
going to make nave? 
Arc now. 

1210
01:02:59,280 --> 01:03:04,520
An envoy, envoys from Greece or 
from Grecian, Turkey, Grecian 

1211
01:03:04,520 --> 01:03:07,800
Ionia, they call it Ionia, the 
West Coast of Turkey. 

1212
01:03:07,800 --> 01:03:09,200
There's a lot of Greek cities 
there. 

1213
01:03:09,400 --> 01:03:13,600
And an envoy from Cyrus show up 
at Sparta, and they go, we want 

1214
01:03:13,600 --> 01:03:16,360
Lysander, put him back in 
charge. 

1215
01:03:16,560 --> 01:03:18,880
We're your most powerful allies.
That's what we want. 

1216
01:03:19,000 --> 01:03:23,720
As far as like, OK, the problem 
is our constitution says one 

1217
01:03:23,720 --> 01:03:25,480
year only. 
You want us to break our own 

1218
01:03:25,480 --> 01:03:29,120
constitution. 
And they're like, yes, we do. 

1219
01:03:29,120 --> 01:03:33,160
And they're like, well, we're 
not going to do that, but we can

1220
01:03:33,160 --> 01:03:34,200
get around it. 
Let's use some. 

1221
01:03:34,200 --> 01:03:36,400
Legalese. 
We'll send a different guy who's

1222
01:03:36,400 --> 01:03:39,840
in charge. 
We'll send Lysander as his Co 

1223
01:03:39,840 --> 01:03:43,000
commander and we'll tell the guy
at the top what the real deal 

1224
01:03:43,000 --> 01:03:45,040
is. 
Officially you're in charge, but

1225
01:03:45,040 --> 01:03:46,520
you got to do whatever Lysander 
says. 

1226
01:03:46,720 --> 01:03:50,440
So it's just a big, like we're 
getting around our own rules 

1227
01:03:50,440 --> 01:03:52,760
thing. 
Lysander's back in charge, 

1228
01:03:53,480 --> 01:03:54,640
right? 
So I just, it worked. 

1229
01:03:54,640 --> 01:03:57,440
His plan worked. 
So this is kind of like what 

1230
01:03:57,440 --> 01:04:00,200
happened in Fire and Blood after
the Dance of the Dragons, where 

1231
01:04:00,200 --> 01:04:03,760
we had an attempt to put someone
over Oakenfist where But 

1232
01:04:03,760 --> 01:04:06,080
Oakenfist was like, Nah, I'm not
doing that, I'm in charge. 

1233
01:04:06,800 --> 01:04:08,880
This was kind of like that, 
except the both. 

1234
01:04:08,880 --> 01:04:10,600
Everyone was in on it. 
Everyone's like, yeah, 

1235
01:04:10,880 --> 01:04:15,240
Lysander's really in charge. 
Four years later, this is the 

1236
01:04:15,240 --> 01:04:16,920
end of the Peloponnesian War, 
the final year of the 

1237
01:04:16,920 --> 01:04:21,520
Peloponnesian War. 
But coincidentally, King Darius 

1238
01:04:21,520 --> 01:04:25,480
of Persia is dying. 
That's a big deal because King 

1239
01:04:25,480 --> 01:04:29,360
Darius was fell under Lysander's
spell too. 

1240
01:04:29,360 --> 01:04:31,720
Cyrus his son convinces him this
is important. 

1241
01:04:31,720 --> 01:04:35,240
Lysander gets to talk to Darius.
Access to Cyrus gave him access 

1242
01:04:35,240 --> 01:04:38,560
to the great King. 
His amazing charisma work on 

1243
01:04:38,560 --> 01:04:41,600
Darius too. 
Whatever he said he put a spell 

1244
01:04:41,600 --> 01:04:45,320
on Darius. 
Darius was even after, even 

1245
01:04:45,440 --> 01:04:45,960
when. 
He's on his. 

1246
01:04:45,960 --> 01:04:47,880
Deathbed. 
Even with Lysander amassing all 

1247
01:04:47,880 --> 01:04:52,280
this power, he's like, yeah, not
only did he give Lysander more 

1248
01:04:52,280 --> 01:04:53,280
money, he. 
Put. 

1249
01:04:53,280 --> 01:04:55,400
Lysander in charge of the 
treasury? 

1250
01:04:55,400 --> 01:05:00,200
Temporal, the Persian king put 
this Greek guy in charge of his 

1251
01:05:00,200 --> 01:05:04,200
own treasury for a little while.
That's bizarre, but this goes to

1252
01:05:04,200 --> 01:05:09,720
show how incredibly talented at 
talking and and alliance 

1253
01:05:09,720 --> 01:05:14,080
building that Lysander was and 
he was able to push against. 

1254
01:05:14,080 --> 01:05:17,160
Athens cause durais didn't like.
Athens like he had a problem 

1255
01:05:17,160 --> 01:05:19,800
with them for his whole reign 
and durais have been king for a 

1256
01:05:19,800 --> 01:05:21,240
while. 
He just didn't like Athens. 

1257
01:05:21,240 --> 01:05:23,280
Athens is the hotbed of 
democracy. 

1258
01:05:23,280 --> 01:05:25,000
Athens had done all sorts of 
things to him. 

1259
01:05:25,600 --> 01:05:29,480
Sparta and Persia are a little 
more aligned in the way they run

1260
01:05:29,480 --> 01:05:32,120
a government. 
Even though Persia's like super 

1261
01:05:32,120 --> 01:05:36,520
wealthy and and full of excess 
and Sparta isn't, they still 

1262
01:05:36,520 --> 01:05:39,320
both are authoritarian states, 
so they agree on that much. 

1263
01:05:40,080 --> 01:05:45,600
So what did Lysander do? 
He badly outmaneuvered Athens 

1264
01:05:45,600 --> 01:05:48,040
several times in the final 
decisive battle. 

1265
01:05:48,040 --> 01:05:50,640
It was what I said before. 
He waited for them to make a 

1266
01:05:50,640 --> 01:05:55,000
mistake, pounced on that 
mistake, basically won this big 

1267
01:05:55,000 --> 01:05:58,280
naval battle with almost no 
casualties because his surprise 

1268
01:05:58,280 --> 01:06:00,720
attack was so effective. 
He basically captured half of 

1269
01:06:00,720 --> 01:06:03,720
the Athenian fleet with almost 
no blood spilled. 

1270
01:06:04,200 --> 01:06:06,960
Incredible. 
And then with Athens not having 

1271
01:06:06,960 --> 01:06:10,160
a fleet anymore, he's like, all 
right, I don't need to do this 

1272
01:06:10,160 --> 01:06:14,280
expensive siege on land. 
I will blockade your port, which

1273
01:06:14,280 --> 01:06:17,000
you need because you import 
food. 

1274
01:06:17,280 --> 01:06:19,960
And if you can't import food, 
you're in big trouble. 

1275
01:06:20,560 --> 01:06:23,480
And that's what happened. 
They eventually were starved 

1276
01:06:23,480 --> 01:06:28,040
into submission, and he sailed 
into the port victoriously. 

1277
01:06:28,840 --> 01:06:31,400
And killed a lot. 
Of the Democrats. 

1278
01:06:31,400 --> 01:06:34,200
Had them executed, restored a 
lot of the oligarchs to their 

1279
01:06:34,200 --> 01:06:36,080
positions of power. 
They had been exiled, Put them 

1280
01:06:36,080 --> 01:06:38,320
back in place, gave them their 
jobs back, gave them their 

1281
01:06:38,320 --> 01:06:41,400
wealth back, their estates, 
their positions in government. 

1282
01:06:42,000 --> 01:06:46,880
Then he did something that is 
very Tywin like. 

1283
01:06:46,880 --> 01:06:48,760
Now this isn't our Tywin 
character, this is our Prince 

1284
01:06:48,760 --> 01:06:50,320
Damon. 
But this is a Tywin like 

1285
01:06:50,320 --> 01:06:53,520
activity. 
He said, hey, bring me a bunch 

1286
01:06:53,520 --> 01:06:56,960
of lady flautists from Athens. 
Bring me a bunch of women who 

1287
01:06:56,960 --> 01:07:00,320
can play the flute, then bring 
me a bunch of workers. 

1288
01:07:00,480 --> 01:07:04,280
Captured Athenians, probably, 
certainly not his own men, and 

1289
01:07:04,280 --> 01:07:08,680
said tear down these walls, Mr. 
Gorbachev, tear down these 

1290
01:07:08,680 --> 01:07:11,680
walls. 
No, the Athens had long walls. 

1291
01:07:11,680 --> 01:07:15,200
They were called the long walls.
They were 4 miles long. 

1292
01:07:15,760 --> 01:07:20,320
And yeah, he said, Bring these 
walls down. 

1293
01:07:20,320 --> 01:07:21,920
Work crew tear. 
Down the walls. 

1294
01:07:21,920 --> 01:07:23,880
Also, burn the fleet. 
We're going to burn the fleet 

1295
01:07:23,880 --> 01:07:25,720
inside of the walls being torn 
down. 

1296
01:07:25,960 --> 01:07:28,640
And you lady flautists of 
Athens, you're going to play 

1297
01:07:28,640 --> 01:07:32,880
music to accompany this? 
So he made them accompany play 

1298
01:07:32,880 --> 01:07:35,160
company music to the destruction
of their own city? 

1299
01:07:35,680 --> 01:07:37,440
Yikes. 
This is some Rains of Castamere 

1300
01:07:37,440 --> 01:07:40,680
stuff, isn't it? 
Right, Lysander was also the. 

1301
01:07:40,680 --> 01:07:44,040
First known Greek. 
Person to have songs of triumph 

1302
01:07:44,040 --> 01:07:47,800
written about him, which is also
very reigns of Castamere ish or 

1303
01:07:48,040 --> 01:07:50,720
even the Ironborn like that, 
like reaving songs of victory 

1304
01:07:50,720 --> 01:07:55,120
and battle, things like that. 
And he also had some of the 

1305
01:07:55,280 --> 01:07:59,120
smaller client states, those 
islands that he subjugated, some

1306
01:07:59,120 --> 01:08:02,600
of them were so overwhelmed by 
him, so like impressed by him 

1307
01:08:02,600 --> 01:08:05,200
that they actually offered 
sacrifice to him as if he was a 

1308
01:08:05,200 --> 01:08:07,680
God, which apparently is also 
the first time that it ever 

1309
01:08:07,680 --> 01:08:09,880
happened. 
So this guy who's not even a 

1310
01:08:09,880 --> 01:08:13,520
king of Sparta is, is achieving 
things that no Spartan king has 

1311
01:08:13,520 --> 01:08:16,200
ever achieved before. 
Noel Greek has achieved before. 

1312
01:08:16,920 --> 01:08:19,720
Lysander wanted to destroy 
Athens entirely. 

1313
01:08:19,720 --> 01:08:23,200
He voted to have it turned into 
sheep pasture. 

1314
01:08:23,640 --> 01:08:27,240
But the E 4 is that Sparta 
overruled him. 

1315
01:08:27,240 --> 01:08:29,960
Like, no, we need this balance 
of power to be maintained. 

1316
01:08:29,960 --> 01:08:32,040
We need actually want Athens to 
exist. 

1317
01:08:32,040 --> 01:08:33,640
We want them to be subject to 
us. 

1318
01:08:34,240 --> 01:08:37,000
So they installed the 30, what 
was called the 30 tyrants. 

1319
01:08:37,000 --> 01:08:40,120
The 30 tyrants ruled Athens. 
They were kind of Lysander's 

1320
01:08:40,120 --> 01:08:45,479
proxies. 
So he kind of, at this juncture,

1321
01:08:45,920 --> 01:08:49,560
Lysander wielded more power 
through his clients, through his

1322
01:08:50,040 --> 01:08:54,240
proxies in Athens, through his 
relationship with Cyrus than 

1323
01:08:54,240 --> 01:08:58,399
Sparta probably had without him.
He was probably more powerful 

1324
01:08:58,399 --> 01:09:02,439
than the Spartan state by 
himself and he knew it. 

1325
01:09:02,439 --> 01:09:06,240
He's like, they need me and they
can't piss me off, right? 

1326
01:09:06,240 --> 01:09:09,840
They they have to keep working 
with me 'cause I'm bringing them

1327
01:09:09,840 --> 01:09:12,200
so much. 
What's Sparta going to do to 

1328
01:09:12,200 --> 01:09:13,520
him? 
Out Navy him? 

1329
01:09:13,520 --> 01:09:15,279
They can't. 
He's the master of the sea. 

1330
01:09:15,279 --> 01:09:18,000
He's the only successful Admiral
they ever had. 

1331
01:09:18,479 --> 01:09:21,720
And they're not good at at 
building alliances. 

1332
01:09:21,800 --> 01:09:24,319
Sparta as a whole, this is very 
domineering. 

1333
01:09:24,319 --> 01:09:26,640
When they made alliances with 
someone, it always had to be 

1334
01:09:27,160 --> 01:09:31,000
like, we're better than you. 
It was it was very rarely was it

1335
01:09:31,000 --> 01:09:33,000
an equal partnership. 
Sparta always had to be like, 

1336
01:09:33,000 --> 01:09:36,319
no, it's we're on top and you 
are, you are a lesser partner. 

1337
01:09:36,720 --> 01:09:38,120
They would always rub people the
wrong way. 

1338
01:09:38,120 --> 01:09:41,760
They would always just try to 
import their cultural values, 

1339
01:09:41,760 --> 01:09:45,279
which were very unique and very 
rigid and just people didn't 

1340
01:09:45,279 --> 01:09:48,359
like it. 
It's a recurring story Sparta 

1341
01:09:48,359 --> 01:09:49,479
gets. 
Powerful they. 

1342
01:09:49,479 --> 01:09:52,359
Dominate and no one likes it. 
Everyone wants to push back 

1343
01:09:52,359 --> 01:09:55,680
against them. 
So what was Lysander's end goal?

1344
01:09:56,320 --> 01:09:58,520
Well, I told you, he's a Prince 
Damon. 

1345
01:09:58,600 --> 01:10:02,000
His end goal was to make himself
a king, not a Sparta of a whole 

1346
01:10:02,000 --> 01:10:05,720
new Kingdom of these islands 
that he created, maybe including

1347
01:10:05,720 --> 01:10:08,560
Athens or not created these 
islands that he created, these 

1348
01:10:08,560 --> 01:10:11,280
islands that he conquered, that 
owed him all these favors with 

1349
01:10:11,280 --> 01:10:15,920
Cyrus's money helping him, he 
had a big plan, right? 

1350
01:10:16,720 --> 01:10:19,760
And eventually the looks like 
the Spartans figured that out. 

1351
01:10:20,600 --> 01:10:22,840
This is a guy that's very 
charming when he wanted to be 

1352
01:10:22,840 --> 01:10:25,120
very nasty, when he wanted to be
very formidable. 

1353
01:10:25,120 --> 01:10:26,320
He's a fighter. 
He's a warrior. 

1354
01:10:26,320 --> 01:10:29,160
This is a lead from the front 
kind of guy too, which all 

1355
01:10:29,160 --> 01:10:32,280
Spartan leaders were. 
So, yeah, he was kind of 

1356
01:10:32,280 --> 01:10:34,800
building a Kingdom of the 
Stepstones, but something much 

1357
01:10:34,800 --> 01:10:35,880
more powerful than the 
Stepstones. 

1358
01:10:35,880 --> 01:10:36,920
The Stepstones aren't very 
powerful. 

1359
01:10:36,920 --> 01:10:39,840
They're they're they're 
strategically located, but they 

1360
01:10:39,840 --> 01:10:41,160
don't really generate a lot of 
wealth. 

1361
01:10:41,640 --> 01:10:43,960
These island cities did very 
important. 

1362
01:10:43,960 --> 01:10:46,720
These were these these island 
cities were paying for that Navy

1363
01:10:47,080 --> 01:10:49,840
in whenever Cyrus wasn't or they
were both paying for it. 

1364
01:10:50,400 --> 01:10:53,240
So it's kind of like Damon's 
biggest enemies were mere Thai 

1365
01:10:53,240 --> 01:10:55,280
Rosh and Lise. 
We kind of have a little similar

1366
01:10:55,280 --> 01:10:58,000
thing here. 
Sparta, Thebes, Athens. 

1367
01:10:58,000 --> 01:11:00,440
Even though he himself was 
Sparta in a lot of ways he was 

1368
01:11:00,440 --> 01:11:03,040
closer to Persia specifically to
Cyrus. 

1369
01:11:03,680 --> 01:11:08,960
The Sparta is also weird in that
they didn't have money. 

1370
01:11:09,640 --> 01:11:12,680
You're like, wait, what? 
They didn't have money to avoid 

1371
01:11:12,680 --> 01:11:16,840
corrupting their own citizenry. 
Sparta did made it illegal to 

1372
01:11:16,840 --> 01:11:19,320
have silver, gold, platinum, 
nothing. 

1373
01:11:19,320 --> 01:11:22,920
Their coinage was iron, which is
worthless elsewhere. 

1374
01:11:23,520 --> 01:11:25,240
It's not actually. 
It's not actually worthless 

1375
01:11:25,240 --> 01:11:28,760
elsewhere. 
They soaked their iron in 

1376
01:11:28,760 --> 01:11:30,520
vinegar so that it would be 
brittle. 

1377
01:11:30,520 --> 01:11:33,000
You wouldn't be able to reforge 
it, so that's how they cool it. 

1378
01:11:33,000 --> 01:11:34,800
Instead of cooling it in water, 
they cooled it in vinegar, which

1379
01:11:34,800 --> 01:11:37,560
means you can't melt it back 
down, it would just fall apart. 

1380
01:11:37,960 --> 01:11:43,480
So they were so intent on making
their currency worthless that 

1381
01:11:43,480 --> 01:11:47,320
they did this. 
So Lysander was like, ha, ha, I 

1382
01:11:47,320 --> 01:11:48,880
don't care about Spartan 
society. 

1383
01:11:48,880 --> 01:11:50,800
I only pretend to care about 
Spartan society. 

1384
01:11:50,800 --> 01:11:55,440
What am I going to do? 
I'm going to, I'm going to throw

1385
01:11:55,440 --> 01:11:56,920
off. 
I'm to stabilize the. 

1386
01:11:56,920 --> 01:11:59,600
Entirety of Spartan. 
Civilization by doing what? 

1387
01:12:00,040 --> 01:12:03,600
By money, all that money that he
didn't want, he gave it all to 

1388
01:12:03,600 --> 01:12:05,720
Sparta. 
All the money he didn't give to 

1389
01:12:05,720 --> 01:12:08,080
his friends that he wanted 
support from, he gave it to 

1390
01:12:08,080 --> 01:12:10,000
Sparta. 
Sparta all of a sudden has all 

1391
01:12:10,000 --> 01:12:14,840
this wealth that is illegal, but
they're they can't say no. 

1392
01:12:14,840 --> 01:12:16,880
It's all this wealth and it's 
getting given to the people at 

1393
01:12:16,880 --> 01:12:18,880
the top. 
They're like, all right, well, 

1394
01:12:19,800 --> 01:12:22,160
we'll make exceptions. 
They they found, they talked 

1395
01:12:22,160 --> 01:12:23,800
themselves into it. 
They're like, well, we got to 

1396
01:12:23,800 --> 01:12:25,680
pay our mercenaries. 
We got to pay. 

1397
01:12:26,320 --> 01:12:29,920
We don't have to keep the money,
but we can use it outside of 

1398
01:12:29,920 --> 01:12:31,160
Sparta. 
Yeah, right. 

1399
01:12:31,960 --> 01:12:35,000
They didn't. 
They told themselves that, but 

1400
01:12:35,000 --> 01:12:35,920
no. 
They did not. 

1401
01:12:35,920 --> 01:12:39,000
They it worked. 
This is a a map. 

1402
01:12:39,000 --> 01:12:43,280
OK, a lot of y'all are. 
Familiar with Mormon culture, at

1403
01:12:43,280 --> 01:12:47,240
least to a shallow degree, which
is to say that Mormons, a lot of

1404
01:12:47,240 --> 01:12:49,240
them, they're not, they're not 
allowed to have, you know, soda 

1405
01:12:49,240 --> 01:12:52,360
or drugs or a lot of these 
things that are sugary or 

1406
01:12:52,360 --> 01:12:56,520
caffeinated or whatever. 
Sometimes a Mormon kid will go 

1407
01:12:56,520 --> 01:13:00,040
off into the world and just so 
much sugar and caffeine and they

1408
01:13:00,040 --> 01:13:04,200
just go nuts. 
That's Sparta with money now 

1409
01:13:04,200 --> 01:13:06,600
because they just were, they 
weren't allowed to have money 

1410
01:13:06,600 --> 01:13:08,440
and all of a sudden they have a 
ton of it and they're just like 

1411
01:13:08,440 --> 01:13:10,400
wee money. 
We're not supposed to have this,

1412
01:13:10,400 --> 01:13:12,360
but he, he, we can buy whatever 
we want. 

1413
01:13:13,000 --> 01:13:14,760
It made them uncomfortable 
because it goes against their 

1414
01:13:14,760 --> 01:13:17,480
values, but it also made them 
comfortable because they could 

1415
01:13:17,480 --> 01:13:19,480
buy things and they have nice 
things. 

1416
01:13:19,480 --> 01:13:22,200
And it was a big problem because
there was half of Sparta's 

1417
01:13:22,200 --> 01:13:24,120
conservative. 
Well, they're all conservative. 

1418
01:13:24,200 --> 01:13:28,360
The ultra conservatives were 
like this should not be, but the

1419
01:13:28,880 --> 01:13:31,560
less ultra conservatives were 
like yay money. 

1420
01:13:32,080 --> 01:13:35,240
So they just too many of them 
were saying yay money for it to 

1421
01:13:35,440 --> 01:13:40,080
be shut down, but too many of 
them were saying no money to for

1422
01:13:40,080 --> 01:13:42,440
it to be completely 
overwhelming. 

1423
01:13:42,440 --> 01:13:44,880
So there you have it. 
It's a very divided Sparta. 

1424
01:13:45,600 --> 01:13:48,360
And surely Lysander knew this 
would happen. 

1425
01:13:48,360 --> 01:13:50,600
He knew. 
He knew this would happen. 

1426
01:13:50,640 --> 01:13:54,720
It was all a plan, most likely. 
He grew up in Sparta. 

1427
01:13:54,720 --> 01:13:59,040
He's in his 50s by now. 
It was all a plan, right? 

1428
01:13:59,160 --> 01:14:02,040
Most likely. 
So they had to accept this 

1429
01:14:02,040 --> 01:14:05,720
corruption by their own general,
their own Admiral. 

1430
01:14:05,720 --> 01:14:09,280
They couldn't really stop it, 
and they would lose their fleet 

1431
01:14:09,280 --> 01:14:10,440
without it. 
They're like, look, if we don't 

1432
01:14:10,440 --> 01:14:13,640
take this money, we're going to 
lose our fleet and then we won't

1433
01:14:13,640 --> 01:14:16,440
have all these islands, which 
Lysander's like, you mean my 

1434
01:14:16,440 --> 01:14:19,840
islands? 
But Persian help is fickle, 

1435
01:14:19,840 --> 01:14:21,560
remember? 
And Darius is dying. 

1436
01:14:21,720 --> 01:14:25,440
What happens if Darius dies and 
the new king is like, Nah, I 

1437
01:14:25,440 --> 01:14:27,200
don't want to support Sparta 
anymore. 

1438
01:14:27,680 --> 01:14:30,160
I want to support Athens, or I 
want to support Thebes, or I 

1439
01:14:30,160 --> 01:14:33,320
want to support none of you, or 
I want to support someone else 

1440
01:14:33,320 --> 01:14:36,040
entirely. 
It's a big unknown. 

1441
01:14:36,320 --> 01:14:38,200
And that unknown made them 
uncomfortable. 

1442
01:14:38,200 --> 01:14:40,560
It made Lysander uncomfortable. 
It made a lot of people 

1443
01:14:40,560 --> 01:14:43,600
uncomfortable. 
So what does Lysander do? 

1444
01:14:44,080 --> 01:14:48,920
Digs in deeper with Cyrus. 
If Cyrus, if Cyrus's mother 

1445
01:14:48,920 --> 01:14:52,040
wants him to be king and 
Lysander's most powerful ally 

1446
01:14:52,040 --> 01:14:54,720
wants him to be king, maybe that
can be arranged and then the 

1447
01:14:54,720 --> 01:14:58,600
money will keep flowing. 
The problem is, if their plan 

1448
01:14:58,600 --> 01:15:03,520
fails, then the new king will be
very angry with Sparta and the 

1449
01:15:03,520 --> 01:15:05,680
money will almost certainly stop
flowing. 

1450
01:15:05,800 --> 01:15:08,440
So it's a tightrope walk. 
They got to keep that money 

1451
01:15:08,440 --> 01:15:12,000
flowing, but if they go too far,
they might lose it. 

1452
01:15:14,200 --> 01:15:16,640
The four O year, four O 4 the 
same. 

1453
01:15:16,640 --> 01:15:20,080
Year that Lysander sailed 
victoriously into Athens and 

1454
01:15:20,080 --> 01:15:23,600
destroyed their walls and played
the had the flutes played, they 

1455
01:15:23,600 --> 01:15:25,680
still had the Olympiad. 
I misspoke. 

1456
01:15:25,680 --> 01:15:29,240
The 90, the four O 8. 
The year 4 O 8 was the 93rd 

1457
01:15:29,240 --> 01:15:31,360
Olympiad. 
This is the 94th Olympiad, which

1458
01:15:31,360 --> 01:15:34,440
is still an absurd number. 
Good Lord, they've been going 

1459
01:15:34,440 --> 01:15:37,600
for so long this year. 
The foot race, and I didn't 

1460
01:15:37,600 --> 01:15:40,280
mention this, the foot race was 
done naked, so I'm just going to

1461
01:15:40,280 --> 01:15:43,120
call it the naked race from now.
And the naked Sprint was won by 

1462
01:15:43,120 --> 01:15:46,200
Croquinas of Larissa, which is 
over in Thessaly. 

1463
01:15:46,800 --> 01:15:49,560
The wrestling match was won by 
Simakos. 

1464
01:15:49,960 --> 01:15:53,000
There was a guy who won the 
stadium in 428 and 424 named 

1465
01:15:53,000 --> 01:15:54,400
Simicos. 
This might be the same guy. 

1466
01:15:54,880 --> 01:15:57,400
A boxing was won by a Euclis of 
Rhodes. 

1467
01:15:57,400 --> 01:16:00,200
Rhodes is the island that the 
Colossus will be built on. 

1468
01:16:00,240 --> 01:16:02,720
It hasn't been built yet though.
It's about 200 years away. 

1469
01:16:03,000 --> 01:16:07,360
The Delicos, which is the long 
distance race, was won by, I kid

1470
01:16:07,360 --> 01:16:12,360
you not, a guy named Lastthenes.
The race was won by a guy named 

1471
01:16:12,360 --> 01:16:16,160
Lastthenes of Thebes, the 
Pancrasian. 

1472
01:16:16,160 --> 01:16:19,120
The mixed martial arts was one 
by a guy named Promacus of 

1473
01:16:19,120 --> 01:16:22,840
Pelina, which I believe is in 
Macedon, Macedonia. 

1474
01:16:23,440 --> 01:16:27,520
That same year, four O 4, I 
believe, after the Olympiad, 

1475
01:16:28,880 --> 01:16:31,520
King Darius, who was the great. 
Grandson of Xerxes. 

1476
01:16:31,520 --> 01:16:33,160
Was on his death that he finally
passed. 

1477
01:16:33,960 --> 01:16:36,240
So I knew again, what's going to
happen. 

1478
01:16:36,320 --> 01:16:38,280
It's all up in the air. 
The Persian crown's up in the 

1479
01:16:38,280 --> 01:16:40,560
air. 
What's the new king going to do?

1480
01:16:40,560 --> 01:16:42,160
Who's he going to support? 
How's he going to spend his 

1481
01:16:42,160 --> 01:16:43,200
money? 
What's the deal? 

1482
01:16:44,000 --> 01:16:48,200
His name was Arsakis, as I said 
before, but he, like a lot of 

1483
01:16:48,200 --> 01:16:50,160
monarchs from a lot of different
times and places. 

1484
01:16:50,160 --> 01:16:53,560
He took a royal name in place of
his regular name, and he became 

1485
01:16:53,560 --> 01:16:57,160
Artaxerxes the second. 
Now, regardless of what he might

1486
01:16:57,160 --> 01:17:00,520
end up doing with Greece, 
whatever his Greek policy will 

1487
01:17:00,520 --> 01:17:04,720
be, first priority is just 
securing his own hold on the 

1488
01:17:04,720 --> 01:17:06,960
throne. 
This is a giant empire, as we 

1489
01:17:06,960 --> 01:17:09,480
said, and that's his first 
priority, to make sure that the 

1490
01:17:09,480 --> 01:17:11,080
transition to power goes 
smoothly. 

1491
01:17:11,920 --> 01:17:16,840
But it did not. 
It's not easy to have a smooth 

1492
01:17:16,840 --> 01:17:20,240
transition in power when your 
own mother plots to kill you. 

1493
01:17:20,600 --> 01:17:25,160
Yes, our Cersei parasatus 
plotted against her own son. 

1494
01:17:25,160 --> 01:17:30,240
She was not done trying to make 
her favorite son king, even 

1495
01:17:30,240 --> 01:17:32,000
after Derias refused to change 
his succession. 

1496
01:17:32,000 --> 01:17:33,440
She's like, well, I that 
doesn't. 

1497
01:17:33,560 --> 01:17:36,200
I'm not giving up. 
I can still push my younger son 

1498
01:17:36,200 --> 01:17:40,520
to win here. 
And so apparently Cyrus tried to

1499
01:17:40,520 --> 01:17:43,560
have Artaxerxes assassinated 
during his coronation. 

1500
01:17:43,920 --> 01:17:47,360
The plot was foiled by a man 
called Tisifernes. 

1501
01:17:47,360 --> 01:17:50,440
Tisifernes was another governor 
and a rival to Cyrus. 

1502
01:17:50,440 --> 01:17:54,480
So they were governors like of 
neighboring territories, all 

1503
01:17:54,480 --> 01:17:56,440
part of the Persian Empire. 
So they were already kind of 

1504
01:17:56,440 --> 01:17:59,200
rival. 
So Tisifernes was happy to rat 

1505
01:17:59,200 --> 01:18:03,520
out Cyrus's plot. 
Tisifernes was the grandson of 

1506
01:18:03,520 --> 01:18:07,400
Hidarnes who was the commander 
of the Immortals. 

1507
01:18:07,400 --> 01:18:10,440
Remember those like the 1000 
Immortals that you may have seen

1508
01:18:10,440 --> 01:18:13,000
during the 300 movie? 
Those are a real thing too. 

1509
01:18:13,000 --> 01:18:16,440
Not those masks that they wore, 
but they really were an elite 

1510
01:18:17,120 --> 01:18:20,960
infantry unit. 
And this guy's grandson or 

1511
01:18:20,960 --> 01:18:25,200
grandfather was their commander 
during Xerxes invasion and he 

1512
01:18:25,200 --> 01:18:29,360
was a conspirator that put 
Darius the Great on the throne. 

1513
01:18:29,440 --> 01:18:32,360
Darius was the father of Xerxes 
and the third king of Persia 

1514
01:18:32,360 --> 01:18:34,320
ever. 
So this is a very important man 

1515
01:18:34,320 --> 01:18:38,760
too to Sephernes. 
Now, Peresatis Arsurci. 

1516
01:18:39,360 --> 01:18:42,600
Even though she plotted against 
her own son, he didn't 

1517
01:18:42,600 --> 01:18:45,640
apparently find out about it. 
Or maybe history is wrong and 

1518
01:18:45,640 --> 01:18:49,960
she wasn't actually involved. 
Either way, her influence over 

1519
01:18:50,120 --> 01:18:54,760
Artaxurxes is a lot like her 
influence over a Tommen or a 

1520
01:18:54,760 --> 01:18:57,280
Joffrey. 
But assume this Tommen and 

1521
01:18:57,280 --> 01:19:00,240
Joffrey are adults, so they're 
not quite as helpless or, you 

1522
01:19:00,240 --> 01:19:05,080
know, young or naive. 
She convinced him not to execute

1523
01:19:05,080 --> 01:19:06,520
Cyrus. 
She's like, don't kill your 

1524
01:19:06,520 --> 01:19:09,880
younger brother for, you know, 
just pardon him. 

1525
01:19:09,880 --> 01:19:10,200
Give. 
Him. 

1526
01:19:10,200 --> 01:19:12,960
His governorship. 
Back and he did. 

1527
01:19:13,240 --> 01:19:17,800
This is wild, right? 
This is unbelievable that cause 

1528
01:19:17,800 --> 01:19:20,120
normally these Persian kings are
ruthless. 

1529
01:19:20,120 --> 01:19:23,880
They kill people and they kill 
them in very mean, cruel, nasty 

1530
01:19:23,880 --> 01:19:26,160
ways. 
So this goes to show how 

1531
01:19:26,400 --> 01:19:30,520
influential Parasatus was. 
This also meant that Cyrus 

1532
01:19:30,520 --> 01:19:33,640
getting his job back meant that 
he could keep bankrolling 

1533
01:19:33,640 --> 01:19:35,800
Lysander. 
Very important. 

1534
01:19:36,560 --> 01:19:39,200
So Artaxerxes is like, yeah, go 
for it. 

1535
01:19:39,200 --> 01:19:40,040
I don't mind. 
You can. 

1536
01:19:40,040 --> 01:19:41,400
No, fine. 
I'll give the pardon. 

1537
01:19:41,880 --> 01:19:45,040
And this is kind of like nothing
compared to some of the things 

1538
01:19:45,040 --> 01:19:47,440
that Parasatus will convince 
Artaxerxes to do later. 

1539
01:19:48,040 --> 01:19:52,440
So keep stay tuned for that. 
So one of the other famous 

1540
01:19:53,120 --> 01:19:56,200
characters in Plutarch's lives a
guy named Alcabiades. 

1541
01:19:56,240 --> 01:19:59,600
He was a warrior, a general, a 
student of Socrates. 

1542
01:19:59,680 --> 01:20:04,200
He might be the guy that 
cuckolded Agisilaus's rival, A 

1543
01:20:04,200 --> 01:20:06,280
rival's father there or rival's 
mother there. 

1544
01:20:06,400 --> 01:20:07,760
A father. 
I said it right the first time. 

1545
01:20:08,200 --> 01:20:11,720
And he switched several, 
switched size several times and 

1546
01:20:11,720 --> 01:20:13,080
back again. 
This guy Alcobide. 

1547
01:20:13,120 --> 01:20:16,640
So he's an unbelievable story. 
He doesn't really play a role 

1548
01:20:16,640 --> 01:20:19,440
here, except that he gets killed
by Lysander. 

1549
01:20:20,160 --> 01:20:22,680
He's again a worthy story. 
If you want me to tell the story

1550
01:20:22,680 --> 01:20:24,960
of Alcobides someday, I gladly 
will. 

1551
01:20:25,320 --> 01:20:27,600
Now, Lysander of course, didn't 
wield the blade himself. 

1552
01:20:28,280 --> 01:20:31,080
He was one of his many friends 
and allies. 

1553
01:20:31,080 --> 01:20:35,160
This was a guy named Farnabazis.
Farnabazis was a governor of 

1554
01:20:35,160 --> 01:20:38,920
Phrygia. 
Phrygia is the part of Turkey 

1555
01:20:38,920 --> 01:20:42,400
that concludes the Hellespont, 
the part where, you know, the 

1556
01:20:42,400 --> 01:20:45,480
closest spot where Greece and 
where Europe and Asia meet, The 

1557
01:20:45,480 --> 01:20:48,840
little tiny space between the, 
the Dardanelles, the Bosphorus, 

1558
01:20:49,240 --> 01:20:51,600
that where Istanbul is on the 
other side of it. 

1559
01:20:51,600 --> 01:20:53,120
Now it used to be 
Constantinople, right? 

1560
01:20:53,320 --> 01:20:56,360
So the other side, eastern side 
of that, the Asian side, that's 

1561
01:20:56,360 --> 01:20:58,600
what Farnabaz has controlled. 
That's a very important 

1562
01:20:58,600 --> 01:21:02,000
territory because it controls 
the crossing from Europe to Asia

1563
01:21:02,000 --> 01:21:05,880
and back and and reverse. 
So Lysander is making all having

1564
01:21:05,880 --> 01:21:08,920
all sorts of success, but one 
thing that didn't work out for 

1565
01:21:08,920 --> 01:21:14,440
him was the 30 tyrants that he 
left in charge of Athens. 

1566
01:21:14,960 --> 01:21:17,760
They just couldn't handle it. 
They were not cut out to handle 

1567
01:21:17,760 --> 01:21:22,120
Athens's strong democratic 
spirit. 

1568
01:21:22,400 --> 01:21:24,480
Athens would not be held down by
tyrants. 

1569
01:21:24,480 --> 01:21:29,400
Athens fought back a guy named 
Thrasibulus very who has been 

1570
01:21:29,400 --> 01:21:32,480
compared to Winston Churchill by
some modern writers for his 

1571
01:21:33,160 --> 01:21:35,680
Athenian pride. 
And his. 

1572
01:21:35,720 --> 01:21:39,680
Leadership at a dark hour, which
is what Winston Churchill is 

1573
01:21:39,680 --> 01:21:41,880
certainly associated with for 
his leadership during World War 

1574
01:21:41,880 --> 01:21:47,920
Two, he led an A revolt that was
successful. 

1575
01:21:47,920 --> 01:21:50,280
They they've stationed 
themselves on a hill and the the

1576
01:21:50,280 --> 01:21:53,080
tyrant sent their army and were 
in their army themselves and 

1577
01:21:53,080 --> 01:21:55,520
tried to attack. 
And the leader of the 30 

1578
01:21:55,520 --> 01:21:58,280
tyrants, Curtius was killed in 
this battle and the rest of the 

1579
01:21:58,280 --> 01:22:03,640
30 tyrants fled. 
And now the other Spartan king 

1580
01:22:03,640 --> 01:22:07,880
by this era is the one that I 
said was worthless and not 

1581
01:22:07,880 --> 01:22:09,920
really a part of things. 
So it just allows that free 

1582
01:22:09,920 --> 01:22:11,880
reign. 
This is 3 years before it just 

1583
01:22:11,880 --> 01:22:13,560
allows his king. 
And this is him being weak. 

1584
01:22:13,560 --> 01:22:16,160
This is an example of why he was
kind of pushed to the side 

1585
01:22:16,640 --> 01:22:20,120
because he showed up with the 
Spartan relief army to try to 

1586
01:22:20,120 --> 01:22:23,880
take Athens back, but he wasn't 
really didn't really want to. 

1587
01:22:24,280 --> 01:22:27,760
He kind of just let Athens re 
establish their democracy. 

1588
01:22:27,760 --> 01:22:30,120
He was kind of, yeah, he wasn't 
really that Spartan for a 

1589
01:22:30,120 --> 01:22:32,400
Spartan king. 
He just was like, you know, I 

1590
01:22:32,400 --> 01:22:35,640
kind of like democracy here. 
Just do it, you know? 

1591
01:22:35,640 --> 01:22:37,080
Have your way. 
I don't, I don't want to get 

1592
01:22:37,080 --> 01:22:38,960
into this long campaign against 
you guys. 

1593
01:22:39,600 --> 01:22:43,320
And this is part of why he was a
target, part of why Lysander. 

1594
01:22:43,320 --> 01:22:46,880
And it just allows we're able to
push him out of the way. 

1595
01:22:47,560 --> 01:22:53,040
And in fact, he was condemned 
for his actions later and was 

1596
01:22:53,040 --> 01:22:55,800
forced into exile. 
Pausanias was Pausanias went 

1597
01:22:55,800 --> 01:22:58,600
ahead and retired to Corinth, 
which is, you know, like 100 

1598
01:22:58,600 --> 01:23:00,320
miles away from Sparta. 
They just left him there. 

1599
01:23:00,320 --> 01:23:01,720
They're like, fine, you can live
in Corinth. 

1600
01:23:01,720 --> 01:23:02,920
We don't care. 
You're worthless now. 

1601
01:23:03,240 --> 01:23:06,240
And he became an author. 
And he wrote about Spartan legal

1602
01:23:06,240 --> 01:23:09,200
system. 
So from king to author. 

1603
01:23:09,480 --> 01:23:12,920
Yep. 
So, Lysander. 

1604
01:23:13,840 --> 01:23:16,000
Was. 
Not done. 

1605
01:23:16,000 --> 01:23:18,120
He was against this. 
He was like he was mad at what 

1606
01:23:18,120 --> 01:23:20,560
Passanius did. 
He's like we had Athens and you 

1607
01:23:20,560 --> 01:23:24,160
just let it go. 
This upset him and he started 

1608
01:23:24,160 --> 01:23:28,800
behind the scenes working to 
nothing big, just change 

1609
01:23:28,800 --> 01:23:33,440
Sparta's constitution. 
He's like, I don't want this to 

1610
01:23:33,440 --> 01:23:34,280
ever happen. 
Again. 

1611
01:23:34,440 --> 01:23:38,120
We cannot have a weak ass king, 
so I don't want to have 

1612
01:23:38,120 --> 01:23:41,280
hereditary monarch anymore. 
Let's change to elective 

1613
01:23:41,280 --> 01:23:43,320
monarchy. 
He wanted to change the system 

1614
01:23:43,320 --> 01:23:45,000
that they had in place for 500 
years. 

1615
01:23:45,000 --> 01:23:47,080
And let's not forget how 
conservative this country is. 

1616
01:23:47,080 --> 01:23:49,680
Changing their laws. 
That's a big ask. 

1617
01:23:50,320 --> 01:23:53,360
This sheer audacity, right? 
Wow. 

1618
01:23:53,440 --> 01:23:56,080
Yeah, sheer audacity. 
Again, this guy's so much like 

1619
01:23:56,080 --> 01:23:58,920
Damon. 
Let's take a quick 5 minute 

1620
01:23:59,000 --> 01:24:01,520
break here and take care of some
business. 

1621
01:24:02,160 --> 01:24:04,720
If you all are enjoying this 
episode, check out our Patreon. 

1622
01:24:04,720 --> 01:24:08,840
This is the kind of episode that
frankly doesn't do big numbers. 

1623
01:24:08,840 --> 01:24:12,360
It's the kind of episode that a 
lot of people love less people. 

1624
01:24:12,360 --> 01:24:13,880
Like. 
If you're really into this, if 

1625
01:24:13,880 --> 01:24:15,400
you're into the subject, you're 
really into it. 

1626
01:24:15,400 --> 01:24:18,120
If you're not, you're not. 
And so we're not going to get a 

1627
01:24:18,120 --> 01:24:20,440
lot of downloads and 
subscriptions off of this 

1628
01:24:20,440 --> 01:24:22,040
episode. 
So we need the people. 

1629
01:24:22,040 --> 01:24:24,680
We need those of you who like it
to really step forward and tell 

1630
01:24:24,680 --> 01:24:25,800
us. 
You know, that doesn't mean you 

1631
01:24:25,800 --> 01:24:29,120
have to give us money, although 
that is very appreciated. 

1632
01:24:29,120 --> 01:24:31,040
It certainly is important to our
existence. 

1633
01:24:31,440 --> 01:24:34,200
But just just telling us that 
you like it, telling your 

1634
01:24:34,200 --> 01:24:38,840
friends that you liked it, that 
is the main course here. 

1635
01:24:38,840 --> 01:24:41,240
That's what we really need. 
That's the meat on the bone for 

1636
01:24:41,240 --> 01:24:43,640
us because that's what helps us 
get noticed. 

1637
01:24:43,640 --> 01:24:46,480
That's what helps us get new 
listeners. 

1638
01:24:46,520 --> 01:24:51,040
You are a better salesman for us
than we are because we don't 

1639
01:24:51,040 --> 01:24:53,960
have the ear of your friends. 
You do our Your friends don't 

1640
01:24:53,960 --> 01:24:56,440
know us, you do. 
They trust you. 

1641
01:24:56,560 --> 01:24:58,760
They don't know us. 
Tell your friends. 

1642
01:25:01,720 --> 01:25:04,000
Let's get back to it. 
Brief message there. 

1643
01:25:04,080 --> 01:25:07,840
Civil war, a disallow has once 
said. 

1644
01:25:08,000 --> 01:25:11,600
It is just that the Asiatic 
Greeks should suffer for their 

1645
01:25:11,600 --> 01:25:14,480
own inadequacy. 
This is a guy that really 

1646
01:25:14,480 --> 01:25:18,920
believes in might makes right, 
and if you can't do what's 

1647
01:25:18,920 --> 01:25:21,600
necessary, you don't deserve it.
If you can't, if you're not 

1648
01:25:21,600 --> 01:25:22,920
free, it's because you're too 
weak. 

1649
01:25:23,120 --> 01:25:25,480
That's his attitude. 
Very, very hard. 

1650
01:25:26,040 --> 01:25:29,600
Hard ass, right? 
So what happens here? 

1651
01:25:29,600 --> 01:25:34,680
Artaxerxes gets the. 
Throne in Four O 44-O3 goes 

1652
01:25:34,680 --> 01:25:37,480
about trying to secure his 
reign. 

1653
01:25:37,480 --> 01:25:41,360
It's difficult because Persia's 
so huge and there's a lot of 

1654
01:25:41,360 --> 01:25:43,960
people to please and a lot of 
people who aren't pleased. 

1655
01:25:44,640 --> 01:25:48,280
Now, Cyrus was very popular. 
Cyrus was intelligent, he was 

1656
01:25:48,280 --> 01:25:51,960
very Marshall, He was athletic. 
He was brave but also modest. 

1657
01:25:52,600 --> 01:25:55,280
A lot of qualities that other 
men like to follow. 

1658
01:25:55,640 --> 01:25:58,560
There's an amazing anecdote 
about how a bear emerge from the

1659
01:25:58,560 --> 01:26:01,400
woods while he and his friends 
were hunting and the bear went 

1660
01:26:01,400 --> 01:26:04,040
right at Cyrus and Cyrus didn't 
flinch. 

1661
01:26:04,040 --> 01:26:06,240
He was mounted on a horse, but 
he didn't flinch. 

1662
01:26:06,240 --> 01:26:10,240
He stay stood his ground. 
The bear like attacked and he 

1663
01:26:10,240 --> 01:26:13,760
grappled the bear and killed it.
He got some permanent scars from

1664
01:26:13,760 --> 01:26:16,000
it. 
That's kind of hard to believe, 

1665
01:26:16,000 --> 01:26:17,360
but this is the kind. 
Of story told about. 

1666
01:26:17,360 --> 01:26:20,000
This guy, whether it's true or 
not, it's part of his reputation

1667
01:26:20,280 --> 01:26:23,640
and that helped him win support 
like this is again an age of 

1668
01:26:23,640 --> 01:26:26,960
warriors and and Marshall 
prowess and that is whoa, this 

1669
01:26:26,960 --> 01:26:30,560
dude fought a bear. 
His brother Artaxerxes didn't 

1670
01:26:30,560 --> 01:26:34,200
have stories about him killing 
bears or anything like that. 

1671
01:26:34,360 --> 01:26:37,720
Not even close. 
So that was Cyrus's advantage is

1672
01:26:37,720 --> 01:26:41,200
that people liked him more. 
Artuzuksi's advantage was, well,

1673
01:26:41,200 --> 01:26:42,560
he was the older one and he 
inherited. 

1674
01:26:42,680 --> 01:26:46,560
That's a pretty big edge too. 
So of course, Lysander and 

1675
01:26:46,560 --> 01:26:49,040
Cyrus, they're still plotting. 
They're doing their thing. 

1676
01:26:49,440 --> 01:26:53,080
Cyrus raises an army and people 
are like, what are you raising 

1677
01:26:53,080 --> 01:26:55,160
an army for? 
He's like, oh, there's some 

1678
01:26:55,160 --> 01:26:56,760
rebellious tribesmen in these 
mountains. 

1679
01:26:56,840 --> 01:26:58,400
That's the kind of thing that 
happens regularly. 

1680
01:26:58,400 --> 01:27:01,000
So it it is believable. 
These are basically like the 

1681
01:27:01,000 --> 01:27:03,000
free folk of the area. 
They're getting uppity either 

1682
01:27:03,000 --> 01:27:06,600
hill tribes, whatever. 
But he was actually raising an 

1683
01:27:06,600 --> 01:27:12,200
army so that he could do a sneak
attack, get a little lead time 

1684
01:27:12,200 --> 01:27:13,880
before Artaxerxes knew it was 
happening. 

1685
01:27:13,880 --> 01:27:15,320
He'd already have his army in 
the field. 

1686
01:27:15,440 --> 01:27:16,880
He's like, I'm going to fight 
Klansmen. 

1687
01:27:17,040 --> 01:27:18,520
Actually, I'm going to fight 
you. 

1688
01:27:18,920 --> 01:27:21,800
And Artaxerxes be like, Oh my 
gosh, I don't have an army 

1689
01:27:21,800 --> 01:27:25,640
ready. 
But Tisa Furnace again, the guy 

1690
01:27:25,640 --> 01:27:29,440
that ratted out Cyrus's 
assassination plot, ratted out 

1691
01:27:29,760 --> 01:27:32,840
the true purpose of this army. 
He figured it out. 

1692
01:27:33,480 --> 01:27:36,960
So it became a full blown 
rebellion, an open rebellion 

1693
01:27:36,960 --> 01:27:41,440
rather than a sneaky attempt. 
Cyrus is fine with that. 

1694
01:27:41,440 --> 01:27:43,240
He's a front and center kind of 
guy. 

1695
01:27:43,240 --> 01:27:45,880
He's a proud, brave dude. 
So he just announces his intent.

1696
01:27:45,880 --> 01:27:46,960
He's like, yeah, that's my 
intention. 

1697
01:27:46,960 --> 01:27:47,640
Fine. 
Yeah, you. 

1698
01:27:47,680 --> 01:27:49,880
You've discovered me. 
What are you going to do? 

1699
01:27:49,880 --> 01:27:53,840
I'm coming for you, brother. 
So Sparta, they have to make a 

1700
01:27:53,840 --> 01:27:56,520
decision, right? 
Lysander wants to work with 

1701
01:27:56,520 --> 01:27:58,480
Cyrus, of course, but Lysander's
not in charge. 

1702
01:27:58,480 --> 01:28:00,720
He has influence, but he's not 
the top dog. 

1703
01:28:01,600 --> 01:28:04,320
Now, again, a Disallow Us is 
still a year away from being 

1704
01:28:04,320 --> 01:28:05,840
king. 
So he had influence, but he also

1705
01:28:05,840 --> 01:28:08,240
didn't have a big say here, and 
we're not sure what he would 

1706
01:28:08,240 --> 01:28:11,120
have said, but he didn't have 
that say. 

1707
01:28:11,560 --> 01:28:16,200
Ultimately, Sparta chooses Cyrus
because while they were 

1708
01:28:16,200 --> 01:28:18,960
uncomfortable with Lysander's 
relationship with him, they 

1709
01:28:18,960 --> 01:28:20,840
didn't have any sort of 
relationship with Artaxerxes at 

1710
01:28:20,840 --> 01:28:23,000
all. 
They didn't know the guy, they 

1711
01:28:23,000 --> 01:28:24,920
just had nothing to do with him.
So they were like, well, let's 

1712
01:28:24,920 --> 01:28:28,640
go with the guy. 
We know Cyrus hires 10,000 Greek

1713
01:28:28,640 --> 01:28:32,680
mercenaries, brings them over 
and these are, you know, the 

1714
01:28:32,680 --> 01:28:36,440
spear and shield hoplite guys. 
They this this group included 

1715
01:28:36,440 --> 01:28:40,560
Xenophon. 
Xenophon is an author, a warrior

1716
01:28:40,560 --> 01:28:43,080
who is also an author. 
You don't see a lot of those. 

1717
01:28:43,240 --> 01:28:47,800
We have several of his books 
still today, including the the 

1718
01:28:47,800 --> 01:28:51,120
full story of these 10,000 
mercenaries and you'll see in a 

1719
01:28:51,120 --> 01:28:53,480
minute why this is an important 
story. 

1720
01:28:54,080 --> 01:28:58,200
It's called the Anabasis. 
Now the battle was called 

1721
01:28:58,240 --> 01:29:01,480
Kunaksa. 
The leader of these 10,000 

1722
01:29:01,480 --> 01:29:04,400
mercenaries was Clearchus. 
He was Spartan, Spartan 

1723
01:29:04,400 --> 01:29:07,720
mercenary named Clearchus, a 
very disciplined veteran. 

1724
01:29:07,720 --> 01:29:10,360
You know, Spartan he was, he 
knew his business, very good at 

1725
01:29:10,360 --> 01:29:14,880
war, brazed to war, war all his 
life, etcetera. 

1726
01:29:15,360 --> 01:29:16,600
He's also kind of arrogant 
though. 

1727
01:29:16,600 --> 01:29:18,960
He didn't really like taking 
orders from Cyrus even though he

1728
01:29:18,960 --> 01:29:22,440
was hired to do so. 
So Cyrus ordered him to be on 

1729
01:29:22,440 --> 01:29:26,520
the right wing to face, but to 
go towards the center and attack

1730
01:29:26,520 --> 01:29:28,600
the center of Artaxerxes army 
clear. 

1731
01:29:28,920 --> 01:29:30,840
August didn't want to do that. 
He's like, no, that's not what 

1732
01:29:30,840 --> 01:29:32,760
we do. 
We go forward, we fight their 

1733
01:29:32,760 --> 01:29:35,720
left, their right wing fights 
are right wing, or rather their 

1734
01:29:35,720 --> 01:29:38,040
left wing fights are right wing 
and their left wing fights are 

1735
01:29:38,040 --> 01:29:39,240
right wing. 
That's how it's done. 

1736
01:29:39,680 --> 01:29:41,720
Spartans being very 
conservative, they don't even 

1737
01:29:41,720 --> 01:29:44,040
really like to change how battle
is done. 

1738
01:29:44,200 --> 01:29:46,200
So he's like, I'm not doing 
that, I'm doing this. 

1739
01:29:46,520 --> 01:29:49,480
That was a pretty big mistake by
a Clearchus, someone who was 

1740
01:29:49,480 --> 01:29:52,080
very experienced, did something 
pretty foolish. 

1741
01:29:52,720 --> 01:29:57,680
This left Cyrus's flank exposed.
That in itself didn't end the 

1742
01:29:57,680 --> 01:30:00,320
battle. 
It did make things difficult for

1743
01:30:00,320 --> 01:30:03,840
Cyrus. 
So he adjusted and charged. 

1744
01:30:03,840 --> 01:30:07,120
He went right at his brother, 
tried to make it despite the 

1745
01:30:07,360 --> 01:30:10,760
large sizes of these armies. 
He tried to make it decisive 

1746
01:30:10,760 --> 01:30:12,760
between the leaders. 
That's the kind of thing a brave

1747
01:30:12,760 --> 01:30:16,440
guy would do, right? 
But Cyrus was killed. 

1748
01:30:16,720 --> 01:30:22,600
He was struck by a blow, fell 
off his horse and got there's. 

1749
01:30:22,600 --> 01:30:25,640
Actually it's a bit of a dare on
the daring situation, which is 

1750
01:30:25,640 --> 01:30:29,400
we got three stories of his 
death and we don't know which is

1751
01:30:29,400 --> 01:30:33,200
the real 1. 
Now 1 was Artisurxes himself. 

1752
01:30:33,800 --> 01:30:35,880
I'm not actually sure and 
history isn't sure that 

1753
01:30:35,880 --> 01:30:40,560
Artisurxes claimed it. 
But Parasatus, his mother wanted

1754
01:30:40,560 --> 01:30:43,160
him to have credit for it so she
claimed it kind of on his behalf

1755
01:30:43,320 --> 01:30:46,320
and wasn't really happy with 
anyone else telling a different 

1756
01:30:46,320 --> 01:30:48,560
version of the story. 
So we have 3 versions of the 

1757
01:30:48,560 --> 01:30:53,720
story today, but at the time the
other two stories were very 

1758
01:30:53,720 --> 01:30:56,600
dangerous to tell because 
Parasatus didn't like those 

1759
01:30:56,600 --> 01:30:59,800
ones. 
For example, there was a guy 

1760
01:30:59,800 --> 01:31:05,400
named Mithra Datis who said he 
got really drunk and said hey it

1761
01:31:05,400 --> 01:31:07,000
wasn't our deserts. 
He said it was me. 

1762
01:31:07,000 --> 01:31:10,680
I'm the one who killed Cyrus, I 
deserve the credit. 

1763
01:31:10,680 --> 01:31:12,080
That was a very foolish thing to
say. 

1764
01:31:12,560 --> 01:31:16,640
Parasitis found out and 
sentenced him to scaffism. 

1765
01:31:18,440 --> 01:31:21,040
If you are squeamish, don't 
listen to the definition of 

1766
01:31:21,040 --> 01:31:24,160
scaffism. 
This is when they basically put 

1767
01:31:24,160 --> 01:31:25,920
this guy between like a leather 
encasement. 

1768
01:31:25,920 --> 01:31:28,640
It looks like 2 boats sewn 
together so we can't move but 

1769
01:31:28,720 --> 01:31:31,920
there's a lot of space inside. 
Your head sticks out but your 

1770
01:31:31,920 --> 01:31:35,360
body is in in contained. 
Then they rub milk and honey on 

1771
01:31:35,360 --> 01:31:38,800
your face, point you towards the
sun and wait for the flies. 

1772
01:31:39,360 --> 01:31:43,360
The flies Burrow into your face 
and roost in all the excrement 

1773
01:31:43,360 --> 01:31:45,480
that's in your boat that you're 
sitting in. 

1774
01:31:45,480 --> 01:31:47,720
And they force feed you milk and
honey as well as rubbing it on 

1775
01:31:47,720 --> 01:31:50,720
your face. 
And after 17 days, he died from,

1776
01:31:51,080 --> 01:31:52,680
you know, the maggots and all 
that. 

1777
01:31:53,160 --> 01:31:55,600
Yeah. 
So that's pretty bad, right? 

1778
01:31:56,360 --> 01:32:01,080
Another guy, Masabatis, that was
Artaxerxes, eunuch. 

1779
01:32:01,200 --> 01:32:02,920
There's a lot of eunuchs in 
Persia. 

1780
01:32:03,040 --> 01:32:06,200
Masabatis cut off Cyrus's head 
and hands and gave them to 

1781
01:32:06,200 --> 01:32:08,840
Artaxerxes, a trophy. 
Parasatus didn't like that 

1782
01:32:08,880 --> 01:32:13,480
either. 
So she got her son to play a 

1783
01:32:13,480 --> 01:32:16,200
game of dice with him or with 
her. 

1784
01:32:16,400 --> 01:32:18,480
And she's like, hey, let's raise
the stakes. 

1785
01:32:18,960 --> 01:32:23,000
That eunuch of yours, Masabatis 
put him up for a wager, so you 

1786
01:32:23,000 --> 01:32:24,760
know he did. 
And she won. 

1787
01:32:25,320 --> 01:32:27,000
So she won. 
The eunuch that killed her 

1788
01:32:27,000 --> 01:32:29,360
favorite son and had him flayed 
alive. 

1789
01:32:30,160 --> 01:32:32,560
Yeah, that's what she did. 
The. 3rd. 

1790
01:32:32,560 --> 01:32:37,480
Person that claimed to have 
killed Cyrus was Tisifernis, the

1791
01:32:37,480 --> 01:32:40,640
guy who ratted out the 
assassination plot and the guy 

1792
01:32:40,640 --> 01:32:42,760
that ratted out the surprise 
attack. 

1793
01:32:43,280 --> 01:32:45,680
But this guy's a governor. 
He's not a court eunuch. 

1794
01:32:46,000 --> 01:32:48,760
He's not just a random soldier 
like Mithridati's. 

1795
01:32:48,760 --> 01:32:53,840
This guy was a governor, so he, 
Parasitis couldn't just get him.

1796
01:32:54,000 --> 01:32:59,120
Well, he's not right away. 
Now Parasitis is Marjorie 

1797
01:32:59,160 --> 01:33:01,400
equivalent. 
Here's to Tara, who is of course

1798
01:33:01,400 --> 01:33:03,880
the queen married to her son 
Artaxerxes. 

1799
01:33:04,520 --> 01:33:09,920
She had her rivalry with with 
with Parasatis and one thing she

1800
01:33:09,920 --> 01:33:13,600
did was speak out in court over 
what she did to Masabati. 

1801
01:33:13,600 --> 01:33:17,960
She's like you took your son's. 
Ally and. 

1802
01:33:17,960 --> 01:33:20,920
Flayed him alive. 
Like that's bad, that's evil. 

1803
01:33:20,920 --> 01:33:22,520
You, you know, you shouldn't 
have done that. 

1804
01:33:23,240 --> 01:33:29,320
And the 10,000 mercenaries, they
didn't know what to do after 

1805
01:33:29,320 --> 01:33:32,560
their leader was killed. 
They're like, we're 2000 miles 

1806
01:33:32,560 --> 01:33:35,000
from home and our the guy paying
us is dead. 

1807
01:33:35,440 --> 01:33:37,400
We're going to go home now. 
We're going to try to make our 

1808
01:33:37,400 --> 01:33:38,560
way back home. 
It's going to be hard. 

1809
01:33:38,560 --> 01:33:41,240
It's going to be dangerous. 
And this guy's Xenophon, that 

1810
01:33:41,240 --> 01:33:43,840
soldier author was in the in the
group. 

1811
01:33:44,040 --> 01:33:47,440
He wrote this book about their 
adventures trying to get back to

1812
01:33:47,440 --> 01:33:50,360
Greece. 
Almost half of them died before 

1813
01:33:50,360 --> 01:33:52,400
that, before they actually 
started going back home, before 

1814
01:33:52,400 --> 01:33:53,960
they figured out what they had 
to do. 

1815
01:33:54,600 --> 01:33:58,000
Tisa Furnace invited the 
leaders. 

1816
01:33:58,360 --> 01:34:01,320
Of the 10. 1000 to a banquet to 
discuss what's next. 

1817
01:34:01,320 --> 01:34:03,120
Like, you know, you guys, we 
don't have to be enemies, do we?

1818
01:34:03,120 --> 01:34:07,320
Maybe that was his, that was 
what he said, but actually, when

1819
01:34:07,320 --> 01:34:09,520
they showed up to dinner, he had
them all seized and sent to 

1820
01:34:09,520 --> 01:34:14,080
Babylon. 
Interestingly, Parasatus wanted 

1821
01:34:14,080 --> 01:34:16,080
them released. 
Even though. 

1822
01:34:16,080 --> 01:34:20,800
They were they had failed to 
fight properly for her son. 

1823
01:34:20,800 --> 01:34:22,480
Their leader didn't obey the 
order. 

1824
01:34:22,520 --> 01:34:24,160
But she maybe she didn't know 
that part. 

1825
01:34:24,720 --> 01:34:28,240
But Staatera was like these 
10,000 were hired to fight 

1826
01:34:28,240 --> 01:34:30,760
against my husband. 
I want their leaders killed. 

1827
01:34:31,240 --> 01:34:33,720
She got her way, Marjorie got 
her way. 

1828
01:34:34,040 --> 01:34:39,040
And the leaders of the 10,000 
were decapitated. 

1829
01:34:39,880 --> 01:34:41,520
And that's when Xenophon, the 
author. 

1830
01:34:41,520 --> 01:34:43,840
And a few others. 
Had to elect new leaders. 

1831
01:34:43,960 --> 01:34:46,960
He was one of them and they had 
their adventure, which is a 

1832
01:34:46,960 --> 01:34:50,800
story for another time, a story 
that again we have that book. 

1833
01:34:51,240 --> 01:34:53,880
He wrote it over 2000. 
Years ago. 

1834
01:34:53,880 --> 01:34:57,920
But we have it a little while 
later, Parasatius invited to 

1835
01:34:57,920 --> 01:35:01,240
Tara to dinner. 
This is what they do from time 

1836
01:35:01,240 --> 01:35:02,840
to time. 
Yet Marjorie and Cersei, they 

1837
01:35:02,840 --> 01:35:04,760
dine together. 
They hate each other, but they 

1838
01:35:04,760 --> 01:35:10,320
sit there with their inscrutable
faces, making cutting remarks to

1839
01:35:10,320 --> 01:35:12,320
each other and trying to 
maintain their composure. 

1840
01:35:12,320 --> 01:35:15,120
Who can be better at insulting 
the other person without making 

1841
01:35:15,120 --> 01:35:17,160
it obvious that it's an insult? 
That kind of thing. 

1842
01:35:17,560 --> 01:35:20,440
Now, of course, neither of them 
are stupid. 

1843
01:35:20,680 --> 01:35:25,880
They're both wary of poisoning 
of underhanded maneuvers. 

1844
01:35:25,880 --> 01:35:27,400
Like that? 
Don't you know they, they don't 

1845
01:35:27,400 --> 01:35:29,480
trust each other? 
They both hate each other. 

1846
01:35:29,480 --> 01:35:32,240
So, you know, there's always a, 
there's a little bit of wariness

1847
01:35:32,240 --> 01:35:36,320
involved here. 
Parasatus had a, a game hen 

1848
01:35:36,360 --> 01:35:38,800
cooked for them to share, took a
knife. 

1849
01:35:39,160 --> 01:35:42,160
Well, she didn't take a knife. 
Her servant Gigas took a knife 

1850
01:35:42,160 --> 01:35:44,640
and slice the bird clean in 
half, right down the middle. 

1851
01:35:45,240 --> 01:35:51,160
What Parasatis had done was put 
poison on one side of the blade 

1852
01:35:51,160 --> 01:35:52,840
only. 
So when the knife cuts through 

1853
01:35:52,840 --> 01:35:56,680
it, only the blade on one side 
had poison on it. 

1854
01:35:56,680 --> 01:35:58,960
So only 1/2 of the bird got 
poison on it. 

1855
01:35:59,160 --> 01:36:02,200
So when when Cetera sees 
Parasatis eating, she's like OK,

1856
01:36:02,200 --> 01:36:06,760
I'm good, I'll eat 2. 
Whoops, she died. 

1857
01:36:06,880 --> 01:36:09,760
Painfully, it was a. 
Several days of dying. 

1858
01:36:09,760 --> 01:36:11,400
This is like something out of 
the TV show. 

1859
01:36:11,400 --> 01:36:15,480
Or Cersei poisoned her Dornish 
prisoners, very similar to that.

1860
01:36:16,120 --> 01:36:19,480
And Artaxerxes forgave her. 
What? 

1861
01:36:19,760 --> 01:36:23,000
You killed my wife? 
But he forgave her. 

1862
01:36:23,400 --> 01:36:26,880
This is what I mean about her 
having really powerful hold over

1863
01:36:26,880 --> 01:36:28,160
him. 
Apparently she was banished to 

1864
01:36:28,160 --> 01:36:31,200
Babylon for a little while, but 
I mean, Babylon was one of the 

1865
01:36:31,200 --> 01:36:34,080
royal capitals. 
She probably lived the just as 

1866
01:36:34,080 --> 01:36:36,560
powerfully as she did, maybe 
just a little bit less 

1867
01:36:36,560 --> 01:36:38,800
influence, but eventually she 
was allowed back. 

1868
01:36:39,520 --> 01:36:44,360
The servant Gigas, who actually 
did the cutting of the game hen 

1869
01:36:45,240 --> 01:36:49,600
Artaxerxes had her killed 
brutally, like had her head put 

1870
01:36:49,600 --> 01:36:53,560
between stones and crushed these
Persians in their executions. 

1871
01:36:53,560 --> 01:36:54,680
Just unbelievable. 
Right? 

1872
01:36:55,240 --> 01:36:58,160
Side note, Bostatera and 
Parasitis have asteroids named 

1873
01:36:58,160 --> 01:37:00,920
after them. 
One in 1916 and one in 1918. 

1874
01:37:01,600 --> 01:37:05,560
Yeah, so. 
Tisifernes. 

1875
01:37:05,560 --> 01:37:07,400
Still had a problem with these. 
10,000. 

1876
01:37:07,400 --> 01:37:09,560
Mercenaries. 
He had obviously screwed them 

1877
01:37:09,560 --> 01:37:12,720
over and killed their leaders, 
but they were trying to pass 

1878
01:37:12,720 --> 01:37:14,640
through his territory to get 
home. 

1879
01:37:15,200 --> 01:37:20,360
He basically was able to play it
off by his enemy. 

1880
01:37:20,360 --> 01:37:21,960
Farnabasis. 
So we mentioned earlier, 

1881
01:37:21,960 --> 01:37:25,240
Farnabarsis is the one who 
helped Lysander by murdering 

1882
01:37:25,600 --> 01:37:29,080
Alcibiades. 
Tisifernes and Farnabasis, as 

1883
01:37:29,080 --> 01:37:31,440
neighboring governors often do 
hate each other. 

1884
01:37:31,600 --> 01:37:35,600
So Tisifernes basically was 
hated by everybody. 

1885
01:37:35,640 --> 01:37:39,160
Tysiphernes, we'll call him 
Tysiphernes the the Terrible or 

1886
01:37:39,160 --> 01:37:43,480
Tysiphernes the treacherous. 
He, the Greeks hated him. 

1887
01:37:43,480 --> 01:37:45,160
Both Spartans and Athenians 
hated him. 

1888
01:37:45,560 --> 01:37:47,000
Half of the royal family hated 
him. 

1889
01:37:47,520 --> 01:37:49,880
All of Cyrus's allies hated him.
Lysander hated him. 

1890
01:37:50,520 --> 01:37:53,280
But King Artaxerxies thought he 
was one of the most loyal guys 

1891
01:37:53,320 --> 01:37:55,480
that he had, so that he had that
going for him. 

1892
01:37:55,880 --> 01:37:59,680
Tysiphernes story is not over. 
He is continuing in this one, 

1893
01:38:00,240 --> 01:38:04,320
the year 400 hits. 
Now we have the 95th Olympiad, 

1894
01:38:04,360 --> 01:38:07,760
the Stadion, the naked race. 
Naked Sprint was won by Minos of

1895
01:38:07,760 --> 01:38:12,240
Athens, the boxing by Demarcos 
of Par Asia, the wrestling by 

1896
01:38:12,240 --> 01:38:15,640
Balkis of Troisen, the 
pancreation mixed martial arts 

1897
01:38:15,640 --> 01:38:20,280
by Antiochus of Leprion. 
And the four horse race was won 

1898
01:38:20,280 --> 01:38:23,680
by Timon of Ellis, another 
Elysian winning again. 

1899
01:38:23,680 --> 01:38:25,840
The Elysians are the ones who 
founded the Olympics and they're

1900
01:38:25,840 --> 01:38:27,080
very rich and had a lot of 
horses. 

1901
01:38:27,720 --> 01:38:31,160
So even though Cyrus was dead, 
the reason for the war, there's 

1902
01:38:31,160 --> 01:38:34,760
no rival claimant, the war still
popped right back up with 

1903
01:38:34,760 --> 01:38:37,720
basically the same people, as 
we'll see in a minute. 

1904
01:38:38,080 --> 01:38:43,560
Because Tessa Furnace, the year 
later, wanted to punish the 

1905
01:38:43,560 --> 01:38:47,320
Greek cities of Ionia, the 
Turkish Greek cities, for siding

1906
01:38:47,320 --> 01:38:49,880
with Cyrus that he wanted. 
He wanted to get back at them 

1907
01:38:49,880 --> 01:38:54,800
for that. 
And Sparta, because they're 

1908
01:38:54,800 --> 01:38:57,760
friendly with those cities 
thanks to Lysander, rose to 

1909
01:38:57,760 --> 01:38:59,920
their aid. 
So you get the same exact people

1910
01:38:59,920 --> 01:39:04,840
minus Cyrus fighting against 
each other two years later just 

1911
01:39:04,840 --> 01:39:09,920
like that, thanks to Tony. 
Sled 6976. 

1912
01:39:09,920 --> 01:39:13,000
For the Super chat, appreciate 
says I love this. 

1913
01:39:13,000 --> 01:39:14,640
You guys rock. 
I'm glad you love this. 

1914
01:39:14,640 --> 01:39:16,400
I love it and I hope to get to 
do more of it. 

1915
01:39:16,960 --> 01:39:18,960
So let's not waste any time and 
get right back to it. 

1916
01:39:19,200 --> 01:39:23,280
The defense gets offensive 
before Tyssafernis launched 

1917
01:39:23,280 --> 01:39:25,120
launched his attack of 
punishment. 

1918
01:39:25,120 --> 01:39:28,280
There there was the Game of 
Thrones played in Sparta, which 

1919
01:39:28,280 --> 01:39:30,360
I already described. 
This now happened the the time 

1920
01:39:30,360 --> 01:39:34,440
when Ajiselaus, with Lysander's 
help, outmaneuvered his cousin 

1921
01:39:34,440 --> 01:39:38,160
Leotaijudis Leotaijudis 
Leotichidis. 

1922
01:39:38,160 --> 01:39:41,000
Rather. 
Mostly by that bastardly rumor. 

1923
01:39:41,320 --> 01:39:42,720
It didn't help. 
By the way, I didn't mention 

1924
01:39:42,720 --> 01:39:47,200
this before that Leotaijudis 
wasn't recognized by his father 

1925
01:39:47,200 --> 01:39:49,480
till his father was on his 
deathbed, so it really did seem 

1926
01:39:49,480 --> 01:39:52,880
like the rumor that he wasn't 
legitimate had a lot of legs to 

1927
01:39:52,920 --> 01:39:56,680
it now. 
No, no word if Agis was gored by

1928
01:39:56,680 --> 01:40:00,400
a boar like Robert. 
We have a change of air on or a 

1929
01:40:00,400 --> 01:40:03,040
clarification of errors on the 
deathbed. 

1930
01:40:03,320 --> 01:40:06,960
Very similar to Robert and Ned 
there now, very early in his 

1931
01:40:06,960 --> 01:40:09,800
reign. 
Just allows his reign, that is. 

1932
01:40:10,360 --> 01:40:13,240
The economy was messed up 
because of what Lysander did. 

1933
01:40:13,400 --> 01:40:15,840
He brought all that money back 
and it was all screwed up. 

1934
01:40:15,960 --> 01:40:18,360
And I told you there were 
conservatives, ultra 

1935
01:40:18,360 --> 01:40:20,960
conservatives within Sparta who 
were really against this. 

1936
01:40:21,120 --> 01:40:23,600
And a group of them were led by 
a man named Synodon. 

1937
01:40:23,600 --> 01:40:25,960
This is called by the this is 
called the conspiracy of 

1938
01:40:25,960 --> 01:40:28,560
Synodon. 
And they were pushing back. 

1939
01:40:28,560 --> 01:40:30,240
They were trying to fix the 
economy. 

1940
01:40:30,240 --> 01:40:33,120
They were trying to like get 
these other Spartans to give 

1941
01:40:33,120 --> 01:40:35,920
their money back or to give it 
to the States and not to throw 

1942
01:40:35,920 --> 01:40:38,120
off the this inbound. 
The economy was crashing. 

1943
01:40:38,600 --> 01:40:41,920
It was it was a really big 
problem, but just allow us just 

1944
01:40:41,920 --> 01:40:44,520
had them killed. 
I didn't really address the 

1945
01:40:44,520 --> 01:40:47,720
problem. 
Spartan society got a little. 

1946
01:40:47,720 --> 01:40:49,560
Bit more. 
Titchy, a little more 

1947
01:40:49,560 --> 01:40:55,680
problematic, a little more civil
conflict became likely, and this

1948
01:40:55,680 --> 01:40:58,760
is when Ticifernes made his 
attack. 

1949
01:40:59,520 --> 01:41:03,360
Now, I said Sparta was still 
part of this war and they got 

1950
01:41:03,360 --> 01:41:05,800
involved fighting back against 
Cisifernes, but Sparta's 

1951
01:41:06,000 --> 01:41:08,840
sometimes they're a little slow,
and they were slow this time. 

1952
01:41:08,840 --> 01:41:12,520
It took them a few years to get 
involved, but it was Lysander at

1953
01:41:12,520 --> 01:41:13,480
the head of it when it. 
Happened. 

1954
01:41:13,480 --> 01:41:17,840
Lysander, these cities that 
Cisifernes is getting revenge 

1955
01:41:17,840 --> 01:41:20,000
on, these are the cities that he
had alliances with. 

1956
01:41:20,000 --> 01:41:21,440
These are the cities that owed 
him favors. 

1957
01:41:21,440 --> 01:41:25,480
These, if he wants to keep those
relationships, if he wants those

1958
01:41:25,480 --> 01:41:28,480
cities to still owe him favors, 
he needs to make sure that 

1959
01:41:28,480 --> 01:41:31,040
they're not conquered or or 
messed up by Tysafernes or 

1960
01:41:31,040 --> 01:41:33,960
Tysafernes could come change 
who's in charge there. 

1961
01:41:33,960 --> 01:41:36,280
And all of a sudden Lysander 
won't have allies anymore, not 

1962
01:41:36,280 --> 01:41:39,080
in those cities anyway. 
Now, again, the Conservative 

1963
01:41:39,080 --> 01:41:41,560
Party's like, dude, you screwed 
up the economy. 

1964
01:41:41,960 --> 01:41:44,480
This is another campaign far 
away. 

1965
01:41:44,480 --> 01:41:46,080
We're a country that looks 
inward. 

1966
01:41:46,080 --> 01:41:48,440
We care a lot more about Greece 
and what's going on here. 

1967
01:41:49,240 --> 01:41:53,440
Plenty of us don't care about 
Persia or about having a Navy or

1968
01:41:53,440 --> 01:41:56,120
about any of that. 
The other half are like, we care

1969
01:41:56,120 --> 01:41:59,200
about having a Navy, we care 
about Persia and all of that. 

1970
01:41:59,760 --> 01:42:02,440
They had to reach a compromise, 
and the compromise was OK, 

1971
01:42:02,800 --> 01:42:05,400
Lysander says. 
I'm not going to take very many 

1972
01:42:05,400 --> 01:42:07,040
citizens. 
I'm only going to take 30 

1973
01:42:07,040 --> 01:42:08,680
Spartans at 30. 
That's it. 

1974
01:42:08,960 --> 01:42:12,560
The rest would be freed slaves 
and allies. 

1975
01:42:12,560 --> 01:42:14,920
So they're like, all right, we 
can agree to that. 

1976
01:42:14,920 --> 01:42:17,640
That's a fair compromise. 
It just allows us is going to be

1977
01:42:17,640 --> 01:42:20,000
the king on this mission. 
Lysander's going with, but he's 

1978
01:42:20,000 --> 01:42:23,080
not in charge. 
He's 1 of 30 royal attendants. 

1979
01:42:23,080 --> 01:42:25,320
He can't be given the nave arc 
position. 

1980
01:42:25,480 --> 01:42:27,960
So they got to give him a job 
that allows him to have 

1981
01:42:27,960 --> 01:42:29,720
influence, but they can't. 
But they also don't want to 

1982
01:42:29,720 --> 01:42:31,280
break their own rules. 
They got to get around that. 

1983
01:42:31,280 --> 01:42:34,400
They're still doing this with 
Lysander, just finding ways to 

1984
01:42:34,400 --> 01:42:36,640
give him positions that normally
he shouldn't have. 

1985
01:42:36,640 --> 01:42:41,040
But his talent and his influence
were just so dominant that they 

1986
01:42:41,040 --> 01:42:43,680
just kind of had to. 
So it just allows, remember 

1987
01:42:43,680 --> 01:42:48,600
Spartans are very pious. 
He wants to go to, he's going to

1988
01:42:48,600 --> 01:42:50,040
go to Asia. 
He's going to take. 

1989
01:42:50,040 --> 01:42:54,400
The fight to the Persians, he's 
going to take the army back to 

1990
01:42:54,640 --> 01:42:58,120
Turkey, to Anatolia, to Ionia, 
all there's different names that

1991
01:42:58,120 --> 01:42:59,320
all basically mean the same 
thing. 

1992
01:42:59,960 --> 01:43:06,680
Now remember how he's 44 now, or
43 in the year 396, but he's 

1993
01:43:06,680 --> 01:43:08,800
never LED a major. 
Campaign. 

1994
01:43:09,320 --> 01:43:11,520
In Greece. 
So this first major campaign 

1995
01:43:11,520 --> 01:43:16,520
he's going to lead is in Asia, 
over in Ionia, A little unusual.

1996
01:43:17,240 --> 01:43:20,120
But before he goes, he's got to 
do all the proper religious 

1997
01:43:20,120 --> 01:43:22,720
things, the ceremony. 
So he goes to Olympia, gets a 

1998
01:43:22,720 --> 01:43:26,160
favorable Oracle from them, goes
to Delphi, gets a favorable 

1999
01:43:26,160 --> 01:43:28,920
Oracle from them. 
But he's not done. 

2000
01:43:29,040 --> 01:43:32,160
He wants to go big on the pomp 
and circumstance. 

2001
01:43:32,160 --> 01:43:34,400
He wants this to be a big moment
for all of Greece. 

2002
01:43:34,400 --> 01:43:37,320
He wants to get support from the
rest of Greece, and he wants to 

2003
01:43:37,320 --> 01:43:39,400
glory. 
So what does he do? 

2004
01:43:39,720 --> 01:43:47,120
He goes to Alice Palace is where
Agamemnon launched the Trojan 

2005
01:43:47,120 --> 01:43:49,960
War. 
He sacrificed there. 

2006
01:43:49,960 --> 01:43:55,000
That's where the famous incident
of the God Artemis appears to 

2007
01:43:55,000 --> 01:43:57,920
Agamemnon is like no, the 
sacrifice is insufficient. 

2008
01:43:58,120 --> 01:44:02,600
Makes him sacrifice his daughter
instead to have favorable winds.

2009
01:44:02,960 --> 01:44:05,240
Very Stannis moment where you 
know he's sacrificing. 

2010
01:44:05,240 --> 01:44:08,640
It's kind of like sacrificing. 
This has been compared to the 

2011
01:44:08,640 --> 01:44:10,680
sacrifice of Shereen many Times 
Now. 

2012
01:44:10,680 --> 01:44:12,840
This works out very poorly for 
Agamemnon in the long run. 

2013
01:44:12,840 --> 01:44:15,800
When he, when he goes to the 
Trojan War, comes back, his wife

2014
01:44:15,800 --> 01:44:17,600
murders him for killing their 
daughter. 

2015
01:44:18,200 --> 01:44:20,920
So I don't know exactly if it 
just, it just allows us looking 

2016
01:44:20,920 --> 01:44:22,360
at it that way. 
He's like, yeah, I want to be 

2017
01:44:22,360 --> 01:44:23,960
like Agamemnon. 
I'm like, Are you sure you want 

2018
01:44:23,960 --> 01:44:27,320
to be like Agamemnon? 
So, but he does. 

2019
01:44:27,320 --> 01:44:29,440
He's like, I want to remind 
everybody of Troy. 

2020
01:44:29,440 --> 01:44:32,960
I want to remind everybody, hey,
y'all remember we wanted to get 

2021
01:44:32,960 --> 01:44:34,560
Greece back. 
I mean, we want to get Persia 

2022
01:44:34,560 --> 01:44:38,120
back for invading us. 
And we did that back in the year

2023
01:44:38,120 --> 01:44:40,080
1200 or so. 
We, we attacked them. 

2024
01:44:40,360 --> 01:44:43,400
It wasn't Persia, but it was the
same area. 

2025
01:44:43,720 --> 01:44:47,760
The I, what's now Ionian Greece 
was Troy back then. 

2026
01:44:48,280 --> 01:44:52,120
We're going to the same place to
fight for the similar 'cause he 

2027
01:44:52,120 --> 01:44:53,840
wanted everybody to remember all
that. 

2028
01:44:54,280 --> 01:45:00,720
So he goes to Thebes and gets 
ready to do a sacrifice. 

2029
01:45:01,760 --> 01:45:03,440
And we'll I'll tell you what 
happens in. 

2030
01:45:03,440 --> 01:45:07,720
Just a second. 1st, a quote from
Lysander where the lion's skin 

2031
01:45:07,720 --> 01:45:10,680
falls short, it must be eked out
with the foxes. 

2032
01:45:11,200 --> 01:45:15,880
That's a great one, he's saying.
Yeah, when you, when frontal 

2033
01:45:15,880 --> 01:45:19,240
aggressiveness, when 
straightforward attacks don't 

2034
01:45:19,240 --> 01:45:21,160
work, you got to be sneaky. 
You know, you got to work 

2035
01:45:21,160 --> 01:45:22,720
things. 
You got to be underhanded. 

2036
01:45:22,920 --> 01:45:24,840
If you can't do it with 
straightforward means, you got 

2037
01:45:24,840 --> 01:45:27,400
to be underhanded. 
Now, frankly, I think Lysander 

2038
01:45:27,720 --> 01:45:31,000
preferred to be the fox and the 
lion, but you know, he's a 

2039
01:45:31,000 --> 01:45:34,640
Spartan, so he's got to give lip
service to manly frontal 

2040
01:45:34,640 --> 01:45:37,600
assaults. 
This was the year 396. 

2041
01:45:37,600 --> 01:45:40,560
Like I. 
Said so the 90. 6th Olympiad. 

2042
01:45:41,200 --> 01:45:44,880
Yeah, that's an amazing thing 
about Greece. 

2043
01:45:44,920 --> 01:45:48,800
I told you how small it was. 
They kept doing the Olympics. 

2044
01:45:49,160 --> 01:45:51,600
Even when they were wars. 
They could, the entire country 

2045
01:45:51,600 --> 01:45:54,560
could be war-torn and they would
still do the Olympics. 

2046
01:45:54,760 --> 01:45:57,520
It's they were very dedicated. 
They really were into their 

2047
01:45:57,520 --> 01:46:01,000
athletics. 
The Stadion was won by U Polemos

2048
01:46:01,000 --> 01:46:02,880
of Elias, another Elysian 
winning. 

2049
01:46:03,400 --> 01:46:06,160
So that's the naked Sprint. 
The Diallos, which is the double

2050
01:46:06,160 --> 01:46:08,920
naked Sprint just twice the 
distance was won by Croquinas of

2051
01:46:08,920 --> 01:46:11,040
Larissa. 
Now Croquinas of Larissa, if you

2052
01:46:11,040 --> 01:46:13,360
recall, won the Stadion back in 
four O 4. 

2053
01:46:13,360 --> 01:46:17,080
So he won the the naked Sprint 
in four O 8 and then or in four 

2054
01:46:17,080 --> 01:46:19,520
O 4 and then won the naked 
double Sprint in four O 4. 

2055
01:46:19,520 --> 01:46:23,200
Fast Guy apparently knew there 
were new events that year. 

2056
01:46:23,600 --> 01:46:28,920
The Herald contest, the Loudest 
Voice I guess, and the Trumpet 

2057
01:46:28,920 --> 01:46:31,680
contest. 
These were, yes, trumpeting and 

2058
01:46:31,680 --> 01:46:36,800
Harold speaking orating. 
Were. 

2059
01:46:36,800 --> 01:46:39,000
Olympic events. 
They were won by. 

2060
01:46:39,000 --> 01:46:41,560
Timaeos of Elis and Kratis of 
Elis. 

2061
01:46:42,240 --> 01:46:46,600
But Siniska or Kaniska, a 
Spartan Princess, became the 

2062
01:46:46,600 --> 01:46:50,040
first woman known to breed 
horses for competition. 

2063
01:46:50,200 --> 01:46:53,760
She trained them and bred them 
herself, which is unusual. 

2064
01:46:54,480 --> 01:46:56,720
Rich people, often they don't do
the training part. 

2065
01:46:56,720 --> 01:46:57,880
They just hire people to do 
that. 

2066
01:46:57,880 --> 01:47:00,720
But apparently she was very 
involved in it and her horses 

2067
01:47:00,720 --> 01:47:04,000
won. 
She got a statue made to boast 

2068
01:47:04,000 --> 01:47:07,600
of this accomplishment. 
That said, you know, I'll read 

2069
01:47:07,600 --> 01:47:09,600
you the quote just a SEC Rochet.
I'll read you the quote just a 

2070
01:47:09,600 --> 01:47:11,480
second. 
And this made it just allow us 

2071
01:47:11,480 --> 01:47:15,720
very happy. 
Anything that's increasing the 

2072
01:47:15,720 --> 01:47:18,240
glory of Sparta. 
I think it's a win for Sparta is

2073
01:47:18,240 --> 01:47:20,000
nice for him. 
Oh, but also, this was his 

2074
01:47:20,000 --> 01:47:21,000
sister. 
Yeah. 

2075
01:47:22,120 --> 01:47:23,680
So he's very proud. 
He. 

2076
01:47:24,040 --> 01:47:28,000
There's some evidence that he 
pushed her to enter this because

2077
01:47:28,000 --> 01:47:31,960
he observed her talent and was 
like, well, you know, you're a 

2078
01:47:32,000 --> 01:47:33,360
you're a woman. 
They don't let women do this. 

2079
01:47:33,360 --> 01:47:35,480
But we can get we can make this 
happen. 

2080
01:47:36,080 --> 01:47:40,800
And she did it. 
And this wasn't just a one off. 

2081
01:47:41,160 --> 01:47:43,320
Not only is she going to compete
in the next Olympics, which I'll

2082
01:47:43,320 --> 01:47:45,840
tell you the results of when we 
get there, but it opened the 

2083
01:47:45,840 --> 01:47:49,160
floodgates for more women to get
involved in chariot racing. 

2084
01:47:49,240 --> 01:47:54,440
There's multiple women's sports 
organizations today that are 

2085
01:47:54,440 --> 01:47:58,440
named after Cynisca. 
There's a hero shrine erected to

2086
01:47:58,440 --> 01:48:03,520
her in the in plain tree Grove, 
which is a Spartan religious 

2087
01:48:03,920 --> 01:48:07,080
ceremonial place. 
So she had her own shrine made 

2088
01:48:07,080 --> 01:48:08,280
for this. 
Pretty cool. 

2089
01:48:08,560 --> 01:48:12,160
Now here now, like I said, a lot
of Olympic athletes when they 

2090
01:48:12,160 --> 01:48:15,160
win, they they make a statue of 
themselves and donate it to 

2091
01:48:15,160 --> 01:48:19,080
Olympia. 
We have what hers read. 

2092
01:48:19,080 --> 01:48:23,400
The inscription is still a 
visible and it says quote Kings 

2093
01:48:23,400 --> 01:48:28,360
of Sparta are my father. 
And brothers I, Cynisca, 

2094
01:48:28,680 --> 01:48:33,120
victorious with a chariot of 
swift footed horses, have 

2095
01:48:33,120 --> 01:48:38,560
erected this statue. 
I declare myself the only woman 

2096
01:48:38,840 --> 01:48:42,280
in all Halas to have won this 
crown. 

2097
01:48:42,600 --> 01:48:46,400
A Peleus, son of Calacles, made 
it. 

2098
01:48:47,280 --> 01:48:49,400
Gotta love that. 
Gotta love that. 

2099
01:48:50,040 --> 01:48:52,800
Back to the campaign, this may 
have happened before the 

2100
01:48:52,800 --> 01:48:55,040
campaign or just after either 
way, it just allows would be 

2101
01:48:55,040 --> 01:48:57,520
very happy for his sister and 
for his family and for Sparta 

2102
01:48:58,200 --> 01:49:00,280
given the magnitude of the 
campaign and given how. 

2103
01:49:00,280 --> 01:49:03,160
It just allows WAS. 
Selling it as a pan Hellenic 

2104
01:49:03,160 --> 01:49:05,840
enterprise. 
We're all going after Persia. 

2105
01:49:05,840 --> 01:49:09,480
We're all going to save these 
Greek cities of Persia from 

2106
01:49:09,480 --> 01:49:12,360
Persian dominance. 
We all have an A vested interest

2107
01:49:12,360 --> 01:49:17,200
in this, don't we? 
Nah, Athens, Thebe and Corinth, 

2108
01:49:17,200 --> 01:49:19,200
which Corinth would be the 
probably the fourth most 

2109
01:49:19,200 --> 01:49:21,440
powerful city in this era. 
Although they were more 

2110
01:49:21,440 --> 01:49:26,040
interested in art and partying, 
so they they're less involved in

2111
01:49:26,040 --> 01:49:29,200
the wars, more involved in the 
economy, in the art and stuff 

2112
01:49:29,200 --> 01:49:32,120
like that. 
So as I said, Ajis allows when 

2113
01:49:32,120 --> 01:49:35,840
to offer that sacrifice, billing
it as the second Trojan War. 

2114
01:49:36,440 --> 01:49:40,840
But the problem is that Alice is
in Boisia, which is theben 

2115
01:49:40,840 --> 01:49:44,680
territory, and Ajisalaos didn't 
ask for permission. 

2116
01:49:44,880 --> 01:49:49,760
Worse, he used his own priest, 
his own seer to perform the 

2117
01:49:49,760 --> 01:49:51,720
rites. 
Big no no. 

2118
01:49:51,720 --> 01:49:55,360
This was a this was like him 
just being an 800 LB gorilla. 

2119
01:49:55,360 --> 01:49:56,840
I think he can get away with 
everybody wants. 

2120
01:49:57,080 --> 01:49:58,160
He didn't bring his army with 
him. 

2121
01:49:58,160 --> 01:49:59,800
His army was still stationed 
back at their camp. 

2122
01:49:59,800 --> 01:50:03,160
He only brought his 30 royal 
attendants with him, including 

2123
01:50:03,160 --> 01:50:05,720
Lysander. 
Thieves sent out a cavalry 

2124
01:50:05,720 --> 01:50:07,960
detachment when they heard what 
was happening and they 

2125
01:50:07,960 --> 01:50:10,720
interrupted the ceremony. 
They took the sacrificial 

2126
01:50:10,720 --> 01:50:13,560
victim, which is an animal, not 
a person, and they threw it on 

2127
01:50:13,560 --> 01:50:17,280
the ground like like a lonely 
Island songs threw that stuff on

2128
01:50:17,280 --> 01:50:19,960
the ground. 
The Spartans were horrified. 

2129
01:50:20,480 --> 01:50:22,520
How many times have I pointed 
out in this episode how pious 

2130
01:50:22,520 --> 01:50:25,280
they are? 
These dudes just interrupted 

2131
01:50:25,280 --> 01:50:28,240
their religious ceremony through
the sacrificial offering on the 

2132
01:50:28,240 --> 01:50:31,520
ground. 
Big deal, mad. 

2133
01:50:31,520 --> 01:50:35,920
They were very angry. 
It just allows proud, pious, 

2134
01:50:36,160 --> 01:50:40,680
pissed but couldn't. 
Do anything about it, he only. 

2135
01:50:40,680 --> 01:50:42,920
Brought his 30 attendants. 
They're not going to spill blood

2136
01:50:42,920 --> 01:50:45,800
in a in A at a religious place 
like this. 

2137
01:50:46,040 --> 01:50:48,360
He just had to swallow his anger
and sail off. 

2138
01:50:48,960 --> 01:50:51,280
But what did I tell you at the 
beginning of this episode? 

2139
01:50:51,600 --> 01:50:58,080
Why did a disallow us sneakily, 
underhandedly probably push this

2140
01:50:58,320 --> 01:51:03,640
sneak attack, the secret coup on
Thebes in 382 because of stuff 

2141
01:51:03,640 --> 01:51:07,200
like this? 
He hated Thebes, but he did his 

2142
01:51:07,200 --> 01:51:08,080
job. 
He kept going. 

2143
01:51:08,160 --> 01:51:08,880
He continued. 
On to. 

2144
01:51:08,880 --> 01:51:13,360
Asia with the campaign, many of 
those 10,000 soldiers that had 

2145
01:51:13,360 --> 01:51:16,960
by this time made it back joined
up. 

2146
01:51:17,400 --> 01:51:18,760
They were like, yeah, I've been 
there before. 

2147
01:51:18,760 --> 01:51:21,680
I want to go back there. 
So a lot of those guys re signed

2148
01:51:21,680 --> 01:51:24,960
up with a just allow us, 
including the author Xenophon. 

2149
01:51:25,240 --> 01:51:28,720
Xenophon and a just allow us 
formed a relationship. 

2150
01:51:28,720 --> 01:51:31,280
They knew each other. 
Xenophon really liked a just 

2151
01:51:31,280 --> 01:51:33,040
allow us. 
I'm not saying it was a sexual 

2152
01:51:33,040 --> 01:51:37,720
relationship, just a friendship.
But Xenophon big, big fan of a 

2153
01:51:37,720 --> 01:51:38,880
just allows. 
He wrote about him. 

2154
01:51:38,880 --> 01:51:41,280
He's one of the reasons we know 
so much about a just allows is 

2155
01:51:41,280 --> 01:51:42,480
because Xenophon wrote about 
him. 

2156
01:51:43,400 --> 01:51:47,640
But this popularity of Lysander 
became a problem once they got 

2157
01:51:47,640 --> 01:51:49,120
there. 
Once they get in front of all 

2158
01:51:49,120 --> 01:51:52,920
these Greek city states, 
Lysander's popularity became 

2159
01:51:52,920 --> 01:51:54,360
more apparent. 
It was something that he was 

2160
01:51:54,360 --> 01:51:56,920
able to keep under wraps 
because, well, Sparta wasn't 

2161
01:51:56,920 --> 01:51:58,960
having direct contact with any 
of these leaders. 

2162
01:51:58,960 --> 01:52:02,960
Everything was through Lysander 
or through the other temporary 

2163
01:52:02,960 --> 01:52:05,160
Navarre Calicratidis, who is now
dead. 

2164
01:52:05,760 --> 01:52:09,480
So he's observing this, and just
as Alex is looking around, he's 

2165
01:52:09,480 --> 01:52:12,680
saying all these powerful men, 
all these oligarchs, all these 

2166
01:52:13,120 --> 01:52:16,640
rulers of these cities that are 
our allies, they all defer to 

2167
01:52:16,640 --> 01:52:18,880
Lysander. 
I'm the king. 

2168
01:52:19,440 --> 01:52:22,400
I'm the king. 
He's again proud man. 

2169
01:52:22,400 --> 01:52:24,720
He does not like this. 
They're constantly deferring to 

2170
01:52:24,720 --> 01:52:27,760
him, to Lysander. 
They should be deferring to just

2171
01:52:27,760 --> 01:52:29,560
allow us the king. 
I'm the leader. 

2172
01:52:29,800 --> 01:52:32,840
He was upset about this. 
It wasn't just the Ionians too. 

2173
01:52:32,840 --> 01:52:35,520
It wasn't just the Ionian 
Greeks, but the Persians that 

2174
01:52:35,520 --> 01:52:38,120
upset him even more in a way 
because it's because these 

2175
01:52:38,120 --> 01:52:41,120
Persians are lesser to them. 
Like even the Persians are 

2176
01:52:41,120 --> 01:52:42,480
giving more deference to 
Lysander. 

2177
01:52:42,760 --> 01:52:46,480
Oh, that bothered him so much. 
So this is an Aries Tywin 

2178
01:52:46,480 --> 01:52:47,800
situation. 
Even though it, even though it 

2179
01:52:47,800 --> 01:52:51,280
just allows us our Tywin, he 
turns to Aries here because he 

2180
01:52:51,280 --> 01:52:53,480
really doesn't like seeing this 
lesser guy. 

2181
01:52:53,600 --> 01:52:56,520
This lower ranked man gets so 
much acclaim, gets so much 

2182
01:52:56,520 --> 01:53:00,960
deference, gets so much pride 
and so much honor. 

2183
01:53:01,680 --> 01:53:04,960
So what does it just allow us to
do? 

2184
01:53:05,400 --> 01:53:07,400
He. 
Even though this used to be his 

2185
01:53:07,400 --> 01:53:10,680
lover, even though this guy 
helped him take the throne, even

2186
01:53:10,680 --> 01:53:13,320
though this campaign wouldn't be
happening without him, What does

2187
01:53:13,320 --> 01:53:17,800
it just allow us to? 
He makes Lysander his royal meat

2188
01:53:17,800 --> 01:53:21,240
Carver. 
Think of Robb Stark and that 

2189
01:53:21,240 --> 01:53:24,040
joke with the Great. 
Just like my Lord father told me

2190
01:53:24,040 --> 01:53:26,280
it was death to bear steel 
against your Liege Lord. 

2191
01:53:26,440 --> 01:53:30,800
But that lists you just meant to
cut my meat, right? 

2192
01:53:30,800 --> 01:53:32,960
Yeah. 
The idea was to humble him, of 

2193
01:53:32,960 --> 01:53:38,280
course, and it it it wasn't 
enough entirely He so he let him

2194
01:53:38,440 --> 01:53:40,680
keep this job for a little while
just so he could shove it in 

2195
01:53:40,680 --> 01:53:44,680
people's faces, so enough people
would see Lysander doing this 

2196
01:53:45,440 --> 01:53:49,080
and just allow us. 
Was known to quip like, yeah, 

2197
01:53:49,080 --> 01:53:52,640
these powerful men need to go 
consult with my meat Carver. 

2198
01:53:55,080 --> 01:53:59,120
So eventually he's just like 
after a little while of making 

2199
01:53:59,120 --> 01:54:04,240
people watch him cut meat, he 
sent him to guard the rear and 

2200
01:54:04,240 --> 01:54:07,480
then sent him back to Sparta 
after that. 

2201
01:54:08,080 --> 01:54:11,000
And of course, this is risky as 
hell, right? 

2202
01:54:11,000 --> 01:54:15,400
This is the guy that without 
him, this campaign might not 

2203
01:54:15,400 --> 01:54:17,520
work. 
None of these cities would even 

2204
01:54:17,520 --> 01:54:20,160
be under Spartan control in the 
1st place without Lysander. 

2205
01:54:20,160 --> 01:54:22,640
This guy is a is a genius, a 
military genius. 

2206
01:54:23,320 --> 01:54:26,960
A just allow us, a sending away 
because of his pride, his best 

2207
01:54:26,960 --> 01:54:31,080
military asset. 
But a just allow us is really 

2208
01:54:31,080 --> 01:54:32,400
good, too. 
He's really talented. 

2209
01:54:32,400 --> 01:54:34,680
We haven't seen him in action 
yet, but he's confident. 

2210
01:54:34,840 --> 01:54:37,000
He knows what he's capable of. 
He's not wrong. 

2211
01:54:38,160 --> 01:54:39,600
He's not. 
This is not going to. 

2212
01:54:39,600 --> 01:54:40,760
Backfire. 
Horribly even. 

2213
01:54:40,760 --> 01:54:44,640
Though you might think it would,
but what does Lysander? 

2214
01:54:44,640 --> 01:54:47,400
Do. 
Back at Sparta, he goes right 

2215
01:54:47,400 --> 01:54:50,680
back to his plotting, goes right
back to his plan of trying to 

2216
01:54:50,680 --> 01:54:53,000
change the constitution. 
He's like, all right, well, I'm 

2217
01:54:53,000 --> 01:54:55,760
back in Sparta, so let's go back
to that plan. 

2218
01:54:55,760 --> 01:54:58,760
Let me go try to change back to 
elective monarchy. 

2219
01:54:58,760 --> 01:55:01,200
Let's let's get away from this 
hereditary monarchy crap and go 

2220
01:55:01,200 --> 01:55:03,920
to elective monarchy. 
We'll return to him and his 

2221
01:55:03,920 --> 01:55:07,120
plotting in a little bit. 
Let's stick with the just allow 

2222
01:55:07,120 --> 01:55:08,280
us. 
Who was it? 

2223
01:55:08,360 --> 01:55:09,840
Who was his opponent in the 
field? 

2224
01:55:10,240 --> 01:55:12,400
Tisa furnace, of course, the 
Tisa furnace. 

2225
01:55:12,400 --> 01:55:16,120
The traitorous, the treacherous.
Who do you not agree to a truce 

2226
01:55:16,120 --> 01:55:18,080
with? 
A guy who I just called 

2227
01:55:18,080 --> 01:55:20,240
treacherous. 
Well, they did have a truce. 

2228
01:55:20,360 --> 01:55:23,960
They swore holy oaths to obey 
this truce, give each other a 

2229
01:55:23,960 --> 01:55:27,040
few months to get their business
together, and then they'd go 

2230
01:55:27,040 --> 01:55:30,200
back to fighting. 
But Disafernis, the minute his 

2231
01:55:30,200 --> 01:55:33,480
reinforcements arrived, he broke
the truce, Adisilao said. 

2232
01:55:33,480 --> 01:55:34,800
Thanks. 
Thanks. 

2233
01:55:34,800 --> 01:55:36,960
For. 
Breaking the truce you broke a 

2234
01:55:36,960 --> 01:55:41,480
holy oath. 
You put the gods on our side by 

2235
01:55:41,480 --> 01:55:42,560
breaking a holy oath. 
The. 

2236
01:55:42,560 --> 01:55:47,400
Gods are now on our side. 
He masterfully used that for his

2237
01:55:47,400 --> 01:55:50,160
advantage and giving his own 
troops morale. 

2238
01:55:50,320 --> 01:55:51,720
Yep, look, the gods are on our 
side. 

2239
01:55:51,720 --> 01:55:55,040
He he broke a holy oath y'all. 
And the Spartans being so pious,

2240
01:55:55,040 --> 01:55:57,120
they totally bought it. 
They totally believed him. 

2241
01:55:57,280 --> 01:55:58,920
And probably a lot of the other 
Greeks did too. 

2242
01:55:59,360 --> 01:56:01,080
Very effective use of morale 
there. 

2243
01:56:01,080 --> 01:56:02,600
So this is what I'm saying. 
It just allows us. 

2244
01:56:02,760 --> 01:56:05,560
He knows what he's doing. 
Sending away a genius commander.

2245
01:56:05,880 --> 01:56:09,200
Not going to backfire like you 
might think so. 

2246
01:56:10,320 --> 01:56:11,600
He. 
Told. 

2247
01:56:11,600 --> 01:56:15,720
Ticiphernes he. 
Declared this out loud, made 

2248
01:56:15,720 --> 01:56:17,920
sure everybody heard it. 
He wanted all of the region to 

2249
01:56:17,920 --> 01:56:21,040
hear that the gods were on his 
side 'cause that's a great thing

2250
01:56:21,040 --> 01:56:22,960
to trumpet. 
And he's like, the gods are on 

2251
01:56:23,120 --> 01:56:25,560
the Spartan side. 
That could win him more allies, 

2252
01:56:25,560 --> 01:56:27,920
right? 
If people believe it, a lot of 

2253
01:56:27,920 --> 01:56:30,920
pious people out there might be 
like, yeah, that's a good point.

2254
01:56:30,920 --> 01:56:34,240
Ticiphernes broke a holy oath 
that's he's the bad guy. 

2255
01:56:35,000 --> 01:56:37,880
So he when declaring this, he 
also said we're going to March 

2256
01:56:37,880 --> 01:56:40,880
on Caria Qoraya. 
I don't know whatever the name 

2257
01:56:40,880 --> 01:56:43,560
is, Caria Qoraya doesn't matter.
Yeah, I'm going to March on 

2258
01:56:43,560 --> 01:56:46,240
Qoraya. 
And Tisa Furnace was like, oh, 

2259
01:56:46,280 --> 01:56:48,880
he heard this declaration, sent 
his army to to Qoraya. 

2260
01:56:49,640 --> 01:56:51,120
It just allows didn't attack 
Qoraya. 

2261
01:56:51,320 --> 01:56:54,440
He lied. 
Tisa Furnace sits there with his

2262
01:56:54,440 --> 01:56:55,280
army. 
Waiting for. 

2263
01:56:55,680 --> 01:56:57,160
It just allows us to show up, 
never does. 

2264
01:56:57,440 --> 01:56:59,040
It just allows us to tax 
elsewhere. 

2265
01:56:59,320 --> 01:57:03,040
Tisa Furnace is rightfully 
fooled and rightfully angry and 

2266
01:57:03,040 --> 01:57:05,560
looks looks foolish. 
He looks like he got played, 

2267
01:57:05,560 --> 01:57:08,200
because he did get played. 
It just allow us. 

2268
01:57:08,200 --> 01:57:11,520
Then says I'm going to attack 
Sardis. 

2269
01:57:11,840 --> 01:57:14,280
Says it very loudly. 
Make sure everybody knows. 

2270
01:57:15,000 --> 01:57:16,720
And this sounds like a Spartan 
thing to do. 

2271
01:57:16,720 --> 01:57:18,840
They're so aggressive and 
straightforward. 

2272
01:57:18,840 --> 01:57:20,760
He's. 
Yeah, declaring his intention to

2273
01:57:20,760 --> 01:57:22,520
attack. 
Meet me there. 

2274
01:57:22,520 --> 01:57:24,640
We'll face each other. 
We'll see who's stronger. 

2275
01:57:24,640 --> 01:57:28,160
That's a Spartan thing to do. 
This time, he was lying again. 

2276
01:57:28,200 --> 01:57:29,920
He didn't attack Spartis, 
Sardis. 

2277
01:57:29,920 --> 01:57:33,800
He was reverse bluffing. 
Tsifernes thought he would do 

2278
01:57:33,800 --> 01:57:35,880
the same thing. 
He's like, I'm not, I don't 

2279
01:57:35,880 --> 01:57:37,240
believe you. 
This time I'm not sending my 

2280
01:57:37,240 --> 01:57:39,200
army to Sardis 'cause you're 
just tricking me. 

2281
01:57:39,360 --> 01:57:41,400
He did go to Sardis and he did 
burn it. 

2282
01:57:41,920 --> 01:57:46,800
So again, Tsifernes looks real 
dumb and it just allows looks 

2283
01:57:46,800 --> 01:57:49,400
real smart. 
Now, this is an important spot. 

2284
01:57:49,400 --> 01:57:51,200
Sardis is not just some random 
city. 

2285
01:57:51,440 --> 01:57:56,960
Sardis 100 years before had been
burned by Athens during a 

2286
01:57:56,960 --> 01:57:59,000
different Ionian revolt. 
That. 

2287
01:57:59,000 --> 01:58:04,720
Ionian Revolt led to the Persian
Wars, which led to the Battle of

2288
01:58:04,720 --> 01:58:07,080
Thermopylae. 
That is what Xerxes was coming 

2289
01:58:07,080 --> 01:58:10,960
over to Greece to do to punish 
them for burning Sardis 100 

2290
01:58:10,960 --> 01:58:13,320
years before, over 100 years 
before. 

2291
01:58:14,200 --> 01:58:17,160
So. 
So yeah, Tystifernis said the 

2292
01:58:17,160 --> 01:58:22,040
old fool me once, fool me, yeah,
you did get fooled twice, but 

2293
01:58:22,040 --> 01:58:25,960
and he did get fooled again. 
So yeah, Sparta was so happy. 

2294
01:58:25,960 --> 01:58:28,000
They're like, yeah, just allow 
us. 

2295
01:58:28,000 --> 01:58:30,600
Good job. 
Some of the conservatives were 

2296
01:58:30,600 --> 01:58:33,680
happy because he pushed Lysander
to the side and they were. 

2297
01:58:33,680 --> 01:58:37,280
They were happier seeing their 
king do this rather than this 

2298
01:58:37,280 --> 01:58:41,640
upstart. 
And they made him commander of 

2299
01:58:41,640 --> 01:58:44,360
both land and sea armies. 
That had never been done before.

2300
01:58:44,360 --> 01:58:48,160
No Spartan king had ever had 
full command of land and sea 

2301
01:58:48,160 --> 01:58:50,800
armies. 
Also, for most of Spartan 

2302
01:58:50,800 --> 01:58:54,200
history, command of their sea 
armies doesn't mean very much. 

2303
01:58:54,840 --> 01:58:58,160
But again, this is despite very 
little experience. 

2304
01:58:58,800 --> 01:59:02,240
He showed talent and clearly had
learned things from when he 

2305
01:59:02,240 --> 01:59:04,120
wasn't king, but that he was 
new. 

2306
01:59:04,840 --> 01:59:06,880
He also was learning a new style
of warfare. 

2307
01:59:06,880 --> 01:59:09,040
Fighting in Asia Minor very 
different than fighting in 

2308
01:59:09,040 --> 01:59:10,440
Greece. 
Greece is very hilly, very 

2309
01:59:10,440 --> 01:59:13,400
small, not a lot of cavalry, 
room for cavalry, not a lot of 

2310
01:59:13,400 --> 01:59:15,560
Archers. 
That's why they have those big 

2311
01:59:15,560 --> 01:59:17,680
heavy infantry everywhere. 
That's it's, that's the core of 

2312
01:59:17,680 --> 01:59:20,200
their armies there. 
That's what it's all about. 

2313
01:59:20,440 --> 01:59:25,440
Big wider spaces in Turkey, way 
more cavalry, way more like 

2314
01:59:26,080 --> 01:59:28,400
javelin ears and slingers and 
Archers. 

2315
01:59:29,160 --> 01:59:33,640
I just allow us, despite coming 
from very conservative country, 

2316
01:59:33,640 --> 01:59:36,080
adapted to the style of warfare 
very quickly. 

2317
01:59:36,440 --> 01:59:40,160
Which is going to matter a lot 
when he goes back to Greece and 

2318
01:59:40,160 --> 01:59:44,120
has these cross trained skills 
now. 

2319
01:59:44,680 --> 01:59:49,320
Tis a furnace after these two 
losses was definitely 

2320
01:59:49,320 --> 01:59:51,280
embarrassed. 
His status dropped a little bit.

2321
01:59:51,640 --> 01:59:55,040
He had a chance to get back in 
it. 

2322
01:59:55,040 --> 01:59:57,920
If he could win a battle or two,
he'd look good. 

2323
01:59:58,440 --> 02:00:02,640
But remember his nearby governor
Farnabasis, who didn't like him.

2324
02:00:02,640 --> 02:00:05,240
Farnabasis was like, I don't 
like Tisifernes. 

2325
02:00:05,800 --> 02:00:07,840
I know who else doesn't like 
Tisifernes? 

2326
02:00:08,240 --> 02:00:10,920
Parasatus. 
Our Cersei who still wants 

2327
02:00:10,920 --> 02:00:14,360
revenge on Tisifernes for twice 
ratting out, writing out Cyrus 

2328
02:00:15,000 --> 02:00:17,320
and this. 
This gave them an opening. 

2329
02:00:17,920 --> 02:00:20,200
So Parasatus along. 
With. 

2330
02:00:20,200 --> 02:00:25,160
Farnabasis and a third guy named
Tethrowstis convinced the king 

2331
02:00:25,160 --> 02:00:28,720
Artaxerxes that Tisifernes, he's
a failure, he's got to go. 

2332
02:00:29,200 --> 02:00:32,040
And Artaxerxes, he didn't care 
that much. 

2333
02:00:32,040 --> 02:00:35,400
He's like, OK, sure, fine. 
His mother's very influential. 

2334
02:00:35,400 --> 02:00:40,520
He goes along with it. 
So Tithraustis goes to Asia 

2335
02:00:40,520 --> 02:00:45,480
Minor and gets a meeting with 
Tisafernis and gets him to go to

2336
02:00:45,600 --> 02:00:48,360
Farna, gets him to go to 
someone's house and they murder 

2337
02:00:48,360 --> 02:00:52,600
him and Tithraustis instead. 
That or that rather Tis Routhis 

2338
02:00:52,600 --> 02:00:55,120
then takes his place. 
He becomes the new governor of 

2339
02:00:55,120 --> 02:00:59,680
the of the region and now he has
to deal with Ajis Allowance, but

2340
02:00:59,680 --> 02:01:00,880
he takes a much different 
strategy. 

2341
02:01:00,880 --> 02:01:03,920
He's like, I don't want to fight
this guy in the field. 

2342
02:01:03,920 --> 02:01:06,720
Tisa Furnis didn't lose because 
he's an idiot. 

2343
02:01:06,720 --> 02:01:10,160
He lost because Ajis Allowance 
was smarter and he's a smart 

2344
02:01:10,160 --> 02:01:11,480
guy. 
I don't really want to go up 

2345
02:01:11,480 --> 02:01:13,760
against Ajis Allowance either, 
so I'm going to offer him a 

2346
02:01:13,760 --> 02:01:17,440
bunch of money. 
He's like, hey, I'll give you 30

2347
02:01:17,440 --> 02:01:22,200
talents to go attack Farna 
Bazis, even though that's this 

2348
02:01:22,280 --> 02:01:23,400
different. 
Persian Governor. 

2349
02:01:23,400 --> 02:01:26,520
Even though they're under the 
same auspices of the same chain 

2350
02:01:26,520 --> 02:01:27,960
of command. 
He's like, yeah, I'm going to go

2351
02:01:27,960 --> 02:01:34,600
attack my new my new rival. 30 
talents is a ton of money. 1. 

2352
02:01:34,600 --> 02:01:42,600
Talent is 9 man years of skilled
labor, so that's 270 man years 

2353
02:01:42,600 --> 02:01:45,320
of skilled labor worth of money.
That's just an ungodly amount of

2354
02:01:45,320 --> 02:01:47,000
cash. 
It's it's all apparently was all

2355
02:01:47,000 --> 02:01:49,520
silver. 
So he's just allows he's like, 

2356
02:01:49,520 --> 02:01:52,600
yeah, OK, I I'll happily go do 
that. 

2357
02:01:52,600 --> 02:01:55,880
There's Greek cities over there 
too that need freeing, so I can 

2358
02:01:55,880 --> 02:01:57,960
do that with more money. 
Now. 

2359
02:01:57,960 --> 02:02:02,920
Farnabazis is like, OK, two can 
play that game. 

2360
02:02:03,200 --> 02:02:05,560
And this is where Farnabazis 
acquires his nickname. 

2361
02:02:06,040 --> 02:02:07,560
This is the nickname I'm giving 
him. 

2362
02:02:08,280 --> 02:02:11,720
A lot of these nicknames come 
from me because it makes them 

2363
02:02:11,720 --> 02:02:14,600
easier to remember, but it's 
also how the Greeks did it. 

2364
02:02:14,800 --> 02:02:17,880
The Greeks didn't do Farnabazis 
the first or Artaxerx, he's the 

2365
02:02:17,880 --> 02:02:20,320
second. 
They gave them nicknames like 

2366
02:02:20,320 --> 02:02:21,840
I'm trying to do. 
They didn't. 

2367
02:02:21,840 --> 02:02:23,520
We don't know what a lot of the 
nicknames are, so I'm just 

2368
02:02:23,520 --> 02:02:25,120
giving them ones that help you 
remember. 

2369
02:02:25,320 --> 02:02:28,400
So Farna Bazis. 
Here's where he becomes known as

2370
02:02:28,400 --> 02:02:32,200
Farna Bazis the paymaster, or 
Farna Bazis the balancer. 

2371
02:02:32,880 --> 02:02:36,720
He responded by offering huge 
sums of money to Thebes. 

2372
02:02:36,720 --> 02:02:39,640
He's like, OK, Sparta, you got 
paid to come attack me. 

2373
02:02:40,120 --> 02:02:44,560
I'm going to pay Thebes to 
attack you back in Greece. 

2374
02:02:45,240 --> 02:02:46,680
So. 
He's like, I'm not going to 

2375
02:02:46,680 --> 02:02:47,560
fight you in my. 
Own. 

2376
02:02:47,560 --> 02:02:49,680
Territory. 
I'm going to go fight you in 

2377
02:02:49,680 --> 02:02:53,560
your territory and make you want
to go home to defend your own 

2378
02:02:53,560 --> 02:02:54,800
land. 
Now I'm going to get rid of you 

2379
02:02:54,800 --> 02:02:57,320
by attacking your homeland, not 
by attacking you. 

2380
02:02:58,040 --> 02:02:59,440
He's going to. 
He's going to force to just 

2381
02:02:59,440 --> 02:03:02,000
allow us to go home. 
At first it doesn't work though.

2382
02:03:02,000 --> 02:03:03,800
Just allows us like, yeah, it 
doesn't matter. 

2383
02:03:03,800 --> 02:03:05,440
We can handle ourselves back 
there. 

2384
02:03:05,440 --> 02:03:08,400
My Spartan compatriots can 
handle you. 

2385
02:03:08,760 --> 02:03:10,800
They can handle Thebes. 
We're not afraid of Thebes. 

2386
02:03:11,440 --> 02:03:13,560
Go ahead. 
In fact, he. 

2387
02:03:13,560 --> 02:03:15,120
Doubled down, he says. 
Not. 

2388
02:03:15,120 --> 02:03:18,680
Only do I say go ahead and 
invade us, we'll fight you 

2389
02:03:18,680 --> 02:03:20,920
there. 
I'm going to go deeper. 

2390
02:03:21,080 --> 02:03:23,160
I'm going to go farther into 
Persia. 

2391
02:03:23,160 --> 02:03:26,520
I'm going to leave Ionia and 
start going east towards the 

2392
02:03:26,520 --> 02:03:28,760
Persian capital. 
Now Persian capital is still 

2393
02:03:28,760 --> 02:03:31,800
super far away. 
And this time you might have 

2394
02:03:31,800 --> 02:03:34,640
been bluffing. 
He he wasn't bluffing when he 

2395
02:03:34,640 --> 02:03:38,120
said he was going to attack 
Sardis, and he maybe not wasn't 

2396
02:03:38,120 --> 02:03:39,920
maybe wasn't bluffing when he 
said he's going to stay. 

2397
02:03:40,200 --> 02:03:44,080
But the whole moving towards 
Persia, that might have been a 

2398
02:03:44,080 --> 02:03:47,520
bluff to get a reaction. 
Regardless of whether it was a 

2399
02:03:47,520 --> 02:03:50,120
bluff or not, Farnabazzis wasn't
bluffing. 

2400
02:03:50,120 --> 02:03:52,680
He gave a bunch of money to 
Thebes. 

2401
02:03:52,800 --> 02:03:56,880
Thebes took that money and a new
war started back in Greece, and 

2402
02:03:56,880 --> 02:03:58,840
that's called the Corinthian 
War. 

2403
02:04:01,640 --> 02:04:06,880
Spartan walks with his feet not.
With his mouth, a just allows so

2404
02:04:07,640 --> 02:04:09,960
Sparta's domineering rule. 
Again as I. 

2405
02:04:09,960 --> 02:04:13,400
Pointed out a bunch of times it 
doesn't go well. 

2406
02:04:13,400 --> 02:04:15,400
None of the Greek city states 
really like being ruled by 

2407
02:04:15,400 --> 02:04:17,680
Sparta. 
They're very they're very 

2408
02:04:17,680 --> 02:04:20,680
domineering. 
They don't approve of a lot of 

2409
02:04:20,680 --> 02:04:24,320
the other cultures. 
So and Farna Baz's knew that 

2410
02:04:24,320 --> 02:04:25,080
he's he was. 
Pretty. 

2411
02:04:25,080 --> 02:04:28,720
Easy for him to find people that
didn't like Spartan rule and pay

2412
02:04:28,720 --> 02:04:31,080
them. 
This goes to show just how 

2413
02:04:31,080 --> 02:04:35,160
insanely rich Persia is. 
This guy's just a governor and 

2414
02:04:35,160 --> 02:04:39,640
he changed the balance of power 
in Greece by himself by bribing 

2415
02:04:39,640 --> 02:04:42,560
one city state and maybe a few 
other lesser ones that aren't 

2416
02:04:42,560 --> 02:04:46,000
worth mentioning to get to 
attack Sparta. 

2417
02:04:47,360 --> 02:04:49,720
Sparta. 
This is dangerous, even. 

2418
02:04:49,720 --> 02:04:53,800
Though despite just allow us 
making these claims about them 

2419
02:04:53,800 --> 02:04:57,640
being not bothered, if Sparta 
had all of Greece turn against 

2420
02:04:57,640 --> 02:05:01,040
them, Athens and Thebes and 
Corinth and all these other 

2421
02:05:01,040 --> 02:05:04,680
ones, that's a problem. 
But no one wanted to be first. 

2422
02:05:04,680 --> 02:05:08,760
Sparta hadn't been beaten on 
land in centuries. 

2423
02:05:08,760 --> 02:05:12,000
Like not if it was full Sparta. 
Maybe smaller skirmishes, you 

2424
02:05:12,000 --> 02:05:14,960
could argue maybe some of these 
they lost, but no significant 

2425
02:05:14,960 --> 02:05:18,320
battle where the Spartans were 
the majority of the opposition 

2426
02:05:18,400 --> 02:05:21,960
had been won by somebody else. 
They were that dominant on land.

2427
02:05:22,800 --> 02:05:28,920
So even though Greece could gang
up on them, no one wanted to be 

2428
02:05:28,920 --> 02:05:30,640
first. 
No one wants to be the guys that

2429
02:05:30,640 --> 02:05:33,640
actually steps up to Sparta and 
has to face them across a 

2430
02:05:33,640 --> 02:05:35,680
battlefield in an infantry 
battle. 

2431
02:05:35,680 --> 02:05:38,200
Like who's going to which of us 
is going to step up and do that?

2432
02:05:38,760 --> 02:05:45,400
Not me, not me, not me, not me. 
So this continued by the way the

2433
02:05:45,400 --> 02:05:48,040
money continued to flow back to 
Sparta cause of Lysander's 

2434
02:05:48,640 --> 02:05:52,160
corrupting of the country 
continued like just allow us was

2435
02:05:52,160 --> 02:05:56,880
continuing that he was making 
money at in Persia, winning 

2436
02:05:56,880 --> 02:05:59,880
battles and sending the loot 
home like Lysander. 

2437
02:05:59,880 --> 02:06:01,480
He wasn't keeping the money for 
himself. 

2438
02:06:01,480 --> 02:06:03,080
This is where he differs from a 
Tywin. 

2439
02:06:03,080 --> 02:06:05,720
He's is where he's more like a 
maybe a little more like a 

2440
02:06:05,720 --> 02:06:10,080
Stannis or again like a Euron, 
where the money is for his is 

2441
02:06:10,080 --> 02:06:12,960
for his own power, his own 
status, not for his own 

2442
02:06:13,440 --> 02:06:17,320
gratification or for his own 
self, whatever, however you want

2443
02:06:17,320 --> 02:06:19,560
to put it. 
He wanted it to elevate his 

2444
02:06:19,560 --> 02:06:21,440
country and his own status 
within his country. 

2445
02:06:22,400 --> 02:06:25,600
Meanwhile, of course, this is 
while this is all happening, 

2446
02:06:25,800 --> 02:06:28,120
Lysander still trying to change 
the constitution behind the 

2447
02:06:28,120 --> 02:06:30,160
scenes. 
So thieves did accept 

2448
02:06:30,160 --> 02:06:34,400
Pharnabazzis offer to attack 
Sparta, but they didn't want to 

2449
02:06:34,400 --> 02:06:36,680
do it directly. 
They still were like, yeah, I 

2450
02:06:36,680 --> 02:06:38,600
don't want to. 
We're still not going to go 

2451
02:06:38,600 --> 02:06:40,960
straight at Sparta. 
So they found a way to do it via

2452
02:06:40,960 --> 02:06:43,880
proxy. 
They took their ally Locris, 

2453
02:06:44,240 --> 02:06:49,000
who's close by, and they 
convinced them to attack Phosis.

2454
02:06:49,440 --> 02:06:53,040
Locris attacks Focus. 
Locris is an ally of Thebes. 

2455
02:06:53,160 --> 02:06:57,280
Focus is an ally of Sparta. 
So Locris and Focus start 

2456
02:06:57,280 --> 02:07:01,440
fighting and Locris says, hey, 
thieves, we need your help. 

2457
02:07:01,440 --> 02:07:03,720
And Thieves is like, Yep, you're
our ally. 

2458
02:07:04,320 --> 02:07:07,120
Honor demands us to come. 
We're not trying to go fight 

2459
02:07:07,120 --> 02:07:08,920
Sparta. 
We got to go help our ally. 

2460
02:07:09,200 --> 02:07:11,440
And same thing happens with 
Focus. 

2461
02:07:11,440 --> 02:07:15,840
They're like, hey, we got to 
call in our friends Sparta. 

2462
02:07:15,840 --> 02:07:18,160
Sparta's like, well, we're in 
charge here. 

2463
02:07:18,160 --> 02:07:22,280
We would look weak if we didn't 
defend our ally, so let's go 

2464
02:07:22,280 --> 02:07:25,000
defend them. 
So proxy war begins. 

2465
02:07:25,000 --> 02:07:27,400
Neither of them went right at 
each other, but here they are 

2466
02:07:27,600 --> 02:07:31,640
fighting over the same things. 
So Sparta sends 2 armies. 

2467
02:07:31,720 --> 02:07:36,280
They've already got their big 
army in Asia Minor with a just 

2468
02:07:36,280 --> 02:07:40,000
allow us. 
They send out Lysander, he's 

2469
02:07:40,000 --> 02:07:42,040
still a big deal. 
So they give him commander, one 

2470
02:07:42,040 --> 02:07:45,160
of the armies, possibly they 
give him command of one of the 

2471
02:07:45,160 --> 02:07:47,920
armies to get him to stop 
conspiring about changing the 

2472
02:07:47,920 --> 02:07:49,600
constitution because he's not 
going to get to do that while 

2473
02:07:49,600 --> 02:07:52,400
he's on campaign. 
The other army is sent by 

2474
02:07:52,400 --> 02:07:55,920
Pausanias. 
This is that same, this is the 

2475
02:07:55,920 --> 02:07:59,400
son of that same Pausanias who 
was too weak, the one that was 

2476
02:07:59,400 --> 02:08:01,520
like, you know, I kind of like 
Athens and all. 

2477
02:08:01,920 --> 02:08:04,640
Let them have their democracy 
back that remember that guy got 

2478
02:08:04,640 --> 02:08:08,320
exiled and became an author. 
His son is the other king. 

2479
02:08:09,040 --> 02:08:13,000
He's not a weakling or softy 
like his father, but he's not 

2480
02:08:13,000 --> 02:08:16,680
exactly a powerhouse either. 
He doesn't like Lysander either.

2481
02:08:16,680 --> 02:08:18,720
He's a, he's like a, he's more 
conservative. 

2482
02:08:19,120 --> 02:08:23,760
And he didn't like Lysander's 
attempts to change the 

2483
02:08:23,760 --> 02:08:27,760
Constitution because that would 
affect his own son, right? 

2484
02:08:27,760 --> 02:08:29,480
His own son would be 
disinherited, potentially. 

2485
02:08:29,480 --> 02:08:33,440
So any attempt to change the 
system would threaten the 

2486
02:08:33,440 --> 02:08:38,040
current monarchs. 
So unsurprisingly, Lysander, the

2487
02:08:38,040 --> 02:08:41,240
more aggressive, the more 
efficient, the more experienced 

2488
02:08:41,240 --> 02:08:44,920
commander, got there first. 
He got to the city Haliarchis 

2489
02:08:44,920 --> 02:08:47,880
first. 
And but again, Greece is not 

2490
02:08:47,880 --> 02:08:49,480
very large. 
Palisanis is only a few days 

2491
02:08:49,480 --> 02:08:52,240
behind. 
Lysander sends a message back to

2492
02:08:52,240 --> 02:08:56,440
Palisanis and says, hey, get 
here on this day. 

2493
02:08:56,480 --> 02:08:58,440
When you do, I'm going to 
attack. 

2494
02:08:58,880 --> 02:08:59,800
All right, I'll be attacking 
you. 

2495
02:08:59,800 --> 02:09:02,440
Join the attack. 
And he sent that message to 

2496
02:09:02,440 --> 02:09:05,000
Palisanis. 
But Thebes intercepted the 

2497
02:09:05,000 --> 02:09:07,400
message. 
They got a hold of Lysander's 

2498
02:09:07,400 --> 02:09:10,080
plans. 
The plans didn't even work out. 

2499
02:09:10,720 --> 02:09:12,200
Lysander's waiting. 
He's waiting. 

2500
02:09:12,200 --> 02:09:15,000
He's waiting. 
Palisanius doesn't show up. 

2501
02:09:15,000 --> 02:09:16,320
He's like, what? 
The hell why isn't? 

2502
02:09:16,320 --> 02:09:19,080
Palisanius there, he assumes 
it's politics, probably assumes 

2503
02:09:19,080 --> 02:09:22,960
Palisanius is playing games 
Palisanius is doing, making this

2504
02:09:22,960 --> 02:09:26,720
move to make Lysander look bad. 
Or it's it's about the 

2505
02:09:26,720 --> 02:09:29,040
Constitution thing. 
It's about Lysander, it's not 

2506
02:09:29,040 --> 02:09:31,440
about the battle. 
That's probably Lysander's 

2507
02:09:31,440 --> 02:09:33,560
assumption now. 
This is a guy who was really 

2508
02:09:33,560 --> 02:09:36,080
patient, though. 
Normally I told you that his 

2509
02:09:36,080 --> 02:09:38,400
success as an Admiral. 
Was. 

2510
02:09:38,400 --> 02:09:41,280
Built on being patient and 
waiting for his enemies to make 

2511
02:09:41,280 --> 02:09:44,240
a mistake. 
In this case, it looks like the 

2512
02:09:44,240 --> 02:09:48,080
roles were reversed. 
Lysander became impatient and is

2513
02:09:48,080 --> 02:09:52,560
like all right, we're Sparta. 
The element of surprise is on 

2514
02:09:52,560 --> 02:09:53,440
our hand. 
If the longer we. 

2515
02:09:53,440 --> 02:09:54,800
Wait, the worse things are going
to get. 

2516
02:09:54,800 --> 02:10:00,160
I want this done now. 
He attacks Thebes waiting behind

2517
02:10:00,160 --> 02:10:03,360
a Ridge because they knew what 
he was going to do and they knew

2518
02:10:03,360 --> 02:10:05,280
Palestinians army was still a 
ways away. 

2519
02:10:05,560 --> 02:10:09,640
So once Lysander attacks he 
attacks the walls and starts to 

2520
02:10:09,640 --> 02:10:13,120
try to storm the walls. 
The Thebans emerge and attack. 

2521
02:10:13,320 --> 02:10:18,480
So they have Lysander trapped 
between the city of Haliartis 

2522
02:10:18,720 --> 02:10:20,920
and this attacking force by 
Thebes. 

2523
02:10:21,600 --> 02:10:23,520
Lysander was killed. 
That's it. 

2524
02:10:23,640 --> 02:10:25,720
He's dead. 
No more messing with the 

2525
02:10:25,720 --> 02:10:29,600
constitution, no more plotting, 
no more Damon Targaryen. 

2526
02:10:29,880 --> 02:10:32,440
He's dead. 
And he was killed in part 

2527
02:10:32,440 --> 02:10:35,040
because of his his impatience. 
The one thing that he was really

2528
02:10:35,040 --> 02:10:38,680
good about doing this one time, 
he didn't do it and it cost him 

2529
02:10:38,680 --> 02:10:41,640
everything. 
Palestinians eventually did show

2530
02:10:41,640 --> 02:10:44,240
up and he's like, can we have 
the bodies? 

2531
02:10:44,240 --> 02:10:45,760
Can we have our bodies to bury 
them? 

2532
02:10:45,840 --> 02:10:50,400
Big deal in Greece, burying, 
burying the dead, huge deal. 

2533
02:10:50,720 --> 02:10:54,520
Very common after a battle for 
the losing side to say, hey, 

2534
02:10:54,520 --> 02:10:57,560
y'all, can we have the bodies? 
The winning side will say, yes, 

2535
02:10:57,720 --> 02:11:00,120
go ahead. 
It's a way to acknowledge that 

2536
02:11:00,120 --> 02:11:02,840
they won. 
And the meanwhile the victors 

2537
02:11:02,840 --> 02:11:06,200
are like building a trophy. 
They set up like a little thing 

2538
02:11:06,200 --> 02:11:10,560
to commemorate their victory. 
So the the themes are like, you 

2539
02:11:10,560 --> 02:11:13,040
can have the bodies on the 
condition that you go ahead, go 

2540
02:11:13,040 --> 02:11:15,040
back home. 
Once you do that, Pausanias was 

2541
02:11:15,040 --> 02:11:21,480
like OK and he went home and was
also he got prosecuted for 

2542
02:11:21,480 --> 02:11:26,440
failing to aid Lysander in time.
So both palisaniuses came to bad

2543
02:11:26,440 --> 02:11:29,200
ends there. 
It's actually possible. 

2544
02:11:29,200 --> 02:11:30,360
I got the. 
The fates of the two 

2545
02:11:30,360 --> 02:11:32,080
palisaniuses. 
Mixed up, he may have been the 

2546
02:11:32,080 --> 02:11:34,160
one that became the writer, but 
doesn't matter. 

2547
02:11:34,680 --> 02:11:39,640
They aren't big in our story. 
So Lysander generational figure 

2548
02:11:39,640 --> 02:11:43,080
the likes of whom Sparta never 
saw again, a guy raised to be an

2549
02:11:43,080 --> 02:11:46,240
infantry commander that somehow 
was an Uber talented naval 

2550
02:11:46,240 --> 02:11:49,880
commander and even more 
extraordinary builder of 

2551
02:11:49,880 --> 02:11:54,840
alliances, politician, seeker of
power and claimer of power. 

2552
02:11:55,520 --> 02:11:57,520
So far. 
Too bad as his plan worked out 

2553
02:11:57,520 --> 02:11:59,600
way better than he thought it 
would. 

2554
02:12:00,400 --> 02:12:03,320
He is like I'm going to bribe 
thieves to just distract Sparta 

2555
02:12:03,320 --> 02:12:06,120
and what he did was end up 
killing Lysander. 

2556
02:12:06,480 --> 02:12:09,320
Boom. 
And that worked even better 

2557
02:12:09,320 --> 02:12:12,480
because Pausanias was just 
prosecuted. 

2558
02:12:12,920 --> 02:12:16,520
He's out of the picture and his 
replacement's like 12. 

2559
02:12:16,520 --> 02:12:19,520
So they don't have a king that 
can March into the field yet. 

2560
02:12:20,200 --> 02:12:23,600
It just allow us is in Asia. 
Lysander's dead. 

2561
02:12:23,880 --> 02:12:26,080
It just allow us is like, you 
can't make me go home. 

2562
02:12:26,640 --> 02:12:31,640
Farnabassus is like, yes, I can.
Sparta itself was like just the 

2563
02:12:31,640 --> 02:12:33,160
last. 
We need you to come home. 

2564
02:12:33,400 --> 02:12:35,480
Lysander's dead. 
Palestinians is out of action. 

2565
02:12:35,480 --> 02:12:37,000
We don't have any leaders. 
We need you. 

2566
02:12:37,000 --> 02:12:39,120
Sorry. 
You're doing great over there. 

2567
02:12:39,120 --> 02:12:43,120
But we've got to come home now. 
Just allow us plate it off. 

2568
02:12:43,120 --> 02:12:45,720
He obeys the summons. 
Even though he's a king, he does

2569
02:12:45,720 --> 02:12:47,280
have to obey. 
It's it's it's in the 

2570
02:12:47,280 --> 02:12:49,960
constitution and all that. 
He played it off though. 

2571
02:12:49,960 --> 02:12:52,720
He made some comments. 
He said I was driven out of 

2572
02:12:52,720 --> 02:12:55,360
Asian, Asian minor by 10,000 
Archers. 

2573
02:12:56,200 --> 02:13:00,480
What he meant by that was The 
Archers that are printed on the 

2574
02:13:00,480 --> 02:13:04,520
gold coins that were bribed, 
given in bribes to Thebes. 

2575
02:13:05,160 --> 02:13:09,400
So Persian derricks named for 
King Darius, Derrick Darius, 

2576
02:13:09,840 --> 02:13:11,360
they have those Archers on one 
side. 

2577
02:13:11,360 --> 02:13:13,400
So there you go. 
But who is he? 

2578
02:13:13,560 --> 02:13:15,480
So he's actually mad at Thebes? 
Again. 

2579
02:13:15,720 --> 02:13:20,120
Right first, he's mad at Thebes 
for spoiling his glorious launch

2580
02:13:20,120 --> 02:13:26,000
to re to you know, calling to 
mind a king Agamemnon and his 

2581
02:13:26,200 --> 02:13:28,440
glorious sacrifice. 
The Thebes has messed with him 

2582
02:13:28,440 --> 02:13:34,800
again again worse, the death of 
Lysander shook all of Greece. 

2583
02:13:34,800 --> 02:13:37,640
Everybody knew what what a big 
deal he was and and how 

2584
02:13:37,640 --> 02:13:41,760
important he was. 
They're like, oh, Sparta just 

2585
02:13:41,880 --> 02:13:45,520
lost an important leader and 
lost that battle it. 

2586
02:13:45,520 --> 02:13:47,480
Wasn't a. 
Big defeat of their infantry. 

2587
02:13:47,480 --> 02:13:49,280
It didn't. 
It wasn't like that kind of 

2588
02:13:49,280 --> 02:13:50,800
embarrassment, but it was a 
loss. 

2589
02:13:51,560 --> 02:13:57,840
So Athens and Corinth and Argos.
Argos is probably the fifth 

2590
02:13:57,840 --> 02:14:01,680
biggest city around here. 
They all join thieves. 

2591
02:14:01,680 --> 02:14:03,400
They're like, yeah, let's get 
Sparta. 

2592
02:14:03,520 --> 02:14:05,200
You started it off. 
You kicked it off. 

2593
02:14:05,200 --> 02:14:07,560
We didn't want to be the ones to
start it, but you did. 

2594
02:14:07,760 --> 02:14:11,560
Let's join. 
Even though Corinth isn't very 

2595
02:14:12,200 --> 02:14:14,440
militaristic, they're 
militaristic enough. 

2596
02:14:14,440 --> 02:14:16,600
This is still the ancient world.
Everyone's got armies. 

2597
02:14:16,920 --> 02:14:21,520
So the Allies hosted there and 
they did that because Corinth is

2598
02:14:21,520 --> 02:14:25,360
near to Sparta and Corinth is 
very traditionally under Spartan

2599
02:14:25,360 --> 02:14:27,440
control. 
So they wanted to make a 

2600
02:14:27,440 --> 02:14:31,680
statement and keep Corinth 
allied so that Sparta didn't 

2601
02:14:31,680 --> 02:14:32,520
try. 
To flip them back. 

2602
02:14:32,520 --> 02:14:39,960
To their side this was a new 
leader, Aristodamus by Sparta. 

2603
02:14:39,960 --> 02:14:42,200
He was the Regent for this new 
young king. 

2604
02:14:43,400 --> 02:14:49,360
Agysepolis is the new young king
and they had a little battle 

2605
02:14:49,360 --> 02:14:51,000
here. 
This is where I have to. 

2606
02:14:51,000 --> 02:14:53,040
Remind you all of how hop light 
battles go. 

2607
02:14:53,040 --> 02:14:55,080
This is going to come up a few 
times, so just a quick 

2608
02:14:55,080 --> 02:14:57,520
explanation here. 
It's very silly. 

2609
02:14:58,120 --> 02:15:01,760
The ancient world battles in 
Greece were they put their 

2610
02:15:01,760 --> 02:15:03,880
strongest guys on the right, 
their weakest guys on the left. 

2611
02:15:04,040 --> 02:15:05,120
The other side would do the 
same. 

2612
02:15:05,400 --> 02:15:09,800
So the strong guys on one side 
would be aligned with the weak 

2613
02:15:09,800 --> 02:15:11,560
guys on the other side. 
So the two sides would come 

2614
02:15:11,560 --> 02:15:14,280
together. 
The two strong sides facing the 

2615
02:15:14,280 --> 02:15:18,720
weak sides would crush the weak 
guys and then they turn and 

2616
02:15:19,000 --> 02:15:20,760
crushing the weak guys on either
side of them. 

2617
02:15:20,760 --> 02:15:22,320
They'd eventually meet in the 
middle. 

2618
02:15:22,720 --> 02:15:26,720
And it so it often became who 
crushes the which right crushes,

2619
02:15:26,720 --> 02:15:31,360
which left fast enough to attack
the other right before they can,

2620
02:15:31,440 --> 02:15:33,840
you know, get their positions 
right and their their their 

2621
02:15:33,880 --> 02:15:38,280
discipline, their formation. 
It's like a shin facing off a 

2622
02:15:38,280 --> 02:15:41,280
steel toed boot. 
Both sides like A2 boots facing 

2623
02:15:41,280 --> 02:15:43,960
each other where each toe of 
each boot is lined up against a 

2624
02:15:43,960 --> 02:15:47,000
shin and they just, they're 
kicking each other and they set 

2625
02:15:47,000 --> 02:15:49,840
up this way every time. 
Of course the shin's going to 

2626
02:15:49,840 --> 02:15:53,640
lose to the steel toed boot, but
this is just how they did it for

2627
02:15:53,640 --> 02:15:56,360
centuries. 
This was no different. 

2628
02:15:56,800 --> 02:15:57,720
Yes. 
I'm setting it. 

2629
02:15:57,720 --> 02:16:00,280
Up for a time when it will be 
different, but it's not this 

2630
02:16:00,280 --> 02:16:03,120
time. 
So Thebes was excited. 

2631
02:16:03,120 --> 02:16:07,280
They're eager, but they're 
undisciplined and Sparta's still

2632
02:16:07,280 --> 02:16:10,520
very good at their They're still
good at their business. 

2633
02:16:10,680 --> 02:16:13,000
They're still the best on land, 
even though they're maybe 

2634
02:16:13,000 --> 02:16:15,600
they're, their reputation's 
slipping a little bit. 

2635
02:16:15,600 --> 02:16:18,840
They're still just ultimately 
their, their, their citizens do 

2636
02:16:18,840 --> 02:16:21,120
nothing but practice war. 
That's still not the case for 

2637
02:16:21,120 --> 02:16:23,480
anybody else. 
Not thieves, not Corinth, not 

2638
02:16:23,480 --> 02:16:25,440
Sparta, not, I mean, not Argos, 
not Corinth. 

2639
02:16:25,800 --> 02:16:28,360
So Sparta wins. 
It's not an overwhelming 

2640
02:16:28,360 --> 02:16:30,240
victory, but it is a win. 
It's clear enough. 

2641
02:16:30,920 --> 02:16:33,680
But it wasn't enough for them to
breakthrough and get to Corinth 

2642
02:16:33,680 --> 02:16:35,440
and put Corinth under siege or 
anything like that. 

2643
02:16:35,440 --> 02:16:39,280
Remember, Greece is very hilly. 
So so they were able to protect 

2644
02:16:39,280 --> 02:16:43,240
the passes into Corinth and 
Sparta didn't win by enough 

2645
02:16:43,240 --> 02:16:46,040
margin to force the issue. 
So they they took their victory 

2646
02:16:46,040 --> 02:16:50,040
in March back home. 
At the same time there was a big

2647
02:16:50,040 --> 02:16:55,959
naval battle at Canidas. 
Now the allies won this, beating

2648
02:16:55,959 --> 02:16:58,920
Sparta badly. 
And the part of the reason they 

2649
02:16:58,920 --> 02:17:04,040
won because of a dude named King
Evagoris, King Evagoris of 

2650
02:17:04,080 --> 02:17:06,200
Cyprus. 
Cyprus is that island that's 

2651
02:17:06,200 --> 02:17:10,000
like right off the coast of 
Lebanon and Palestine and all 

2652
02:17:10,000 --> 02:17:14,200
that, near Israel, etcetera. 
So this King Evagoris by the 

2653
02:17:14,200 --> 02:17:17,080
way, claimed descent from Ajax. 
So cool guy. 

2654
02:17:17,080 --> 02:17:20,280
Maybe he was really big. 
Anyway, very clever to this man.

2655
02:17:20,959 --> 02:17:25,959
So Sparta's power at sea just 
done that, was it All that power

2656
02:17:25,959 --> 02:17:29,719
Lysander built? 
They lost badly in this in this 

2657
02:17:29,719 --> 02:17:31,320
battle, and they lost their 
Navy. 

2658
02:17:31,320 --> 02:17:33,680
And that was it for at least for
now. 

2659
02:17:33,879 --> 02:17:35,719
They may never get it back, but 
they didn't have it. 

2660
02:17:36,040 --> 02:17:37,840
They might, but they don't have 
it right now. 

2661
02:17:38,200 --> 02:17:43,559
So Farna Bazis is having crazy 
success here. 

2662
02:17:43,559 --> 02:17:47,440
He thought to just distract and 
just allow us force him to go 

2663
02:17:47,440 --> 02:17:51,760
home, but actually his campaign 
of payment is going way better 

2664
02:17:51,760 --> 02:17:54,200
than he could have thought. 
So many of the allies, so many, 

2665
02:17:54,280 --> 02:17:56,559
so much of Greece turned on 
Sparta, more than he could have 

2666
02:17:56,559 --> 02:17:59,280
predicted. 
And now with Sparta's sea power 

2667
02:17:59,280 --> 02:18:02,120
gone, that's just going to 
embolden more allies, right? 

2668
02:18:02,600 --> 02:18:06,719
So he gives money to a guy named
Conan, who is an Athenian. 

2669
02:18:06,719 --> 02:18:09,360
Strategos, general strategos, 
same thing. 

2670
02:18:09,799 --> 02:18:14,719
And Farna Bazas and Athena and 
Conan take their fleet and go to

2671
02:18:14,719 --> 02:18:17,920
all those islands one by one, 
start flipping them back. 

2672
02:18:18,240 --> 02:18:23,240
Lysander and company had flipped
so many of those, like with 

2673
02:18:23,680 --> 02:18:26,920
flipped them to oligarchies, 
exiled or killed Democrats, 

2674
02:18:27,280 --> 02:18:30,200
installed people loyal to him, 
and then went on. 

2675
02:18:30,400 --> 02:18:35,559
Now it was getting flipped back,
flipping back to the Democrats, 

2676
02:18:35,559 --> 02:18:40,400
to the Thebans and the 
Athenians, which is a little 

2677
02:18:40,400 --> 02:18:42,120
odd. 
Remember that this is a Persian 

2678
02:18:42,120 --> 02:18:44,160
effort. 
So Persia's flipping things to 

2679
02:18:44,160 --> 02:18:46,760
democracies, which is not 
normally what they do, but 

2680
02:18:46,760 --> 02:18:48,959
they're fighting against Sparta 
and that's the best way to beat 

2681
02:18:48,959 --> 02:18:51,200
Sparta. 
So a lot of these, as soon as 

2682
02:18:51,200 --> 02:18:53,320
they flip them, they join. 
They're like, all right, we're 

2683
02:18:53,320 --> 02:18:55,680
on your side now too. 
And they add their strength. 

2684
02:18:55,680 --> 02:18:59,760
So as Conan and. 
Farna Bazis the. 

2685
02:18:59,760 --> 02:19:02,959
Balancer, Farna Bazis, the 
balancer are going through here 

2686
02:19:03,400 --> 02:19:05,559
flipping islands. 
They're also adding strength. 

2687
02:19:06,120 --> 02:19:09,520
So basically Lysander's 
burgeoning Kingdom that he 

2688
02:19:09,520 --> 02:19:13,680
wanted to be king of one day is 
kind of gone now, only a few 

2689
02:19:13,680 --> 02:19:17,160
months after his death. 
Farnabazos, that went further. 

2690
02:19:17,160 --> 02:19:22,080
The paymaster gave Conan enough 
money to rebuild those four mile

2691
02:19:22,080 --> 02:19:24,959
long walls. 
How much money would that be? 

2692
02:19:24,959 --> 02:19:27,639
I don't know, but a huge amount.
And he wasn't done. 

2693
02:19:27,639 --> 02:19:30,200
He didn't just give him enough 
money to rebuild the walls, he 

2694
02:19:30,200 --> 02:19:34,160
gave him enough money for 80 
ships to guard the project. 

2695
02:19:34,160 --> 02:19:37,719
Because, you know, someone could
sail in and blow all that up. 

2696
02:19:38,320 --> 02:19:40,520
That amount of money is just 
absurd. 

2697
02:19:40,520 --> 02:19:42,719
I mean, 80 ships, all those 
crews. 

2698
02:19:42,719 --> 02:19:46,480
We got to talking earlier about 
how one of the bigger sea 

2699
02:19:46,480 --> 02:19:50,120
battles wasn't a battle but a 
war of wages between Lysander 

2700
02:19:50,120 --> 02:19:51,880
and some of the Persians there 
and some of the others. 

2701
02:19:51,880 --> 02:19:59,040
So this, again, was playing out.
Now Farnabazzis so successful 

2702
02:19:59,520 --> 02:20:05,040
that he's recalled back to 
Persia and offered a daughter of

2703
02:20:05,040 --> 02:20:07,320
Artaxerxies to marry, named 
Apame. 

2704
02:20:07,800 --> 02:20:11,840
He does, he goes and does that 
and he's going to exit the story

2705
02:20:11,840 --> 02:20:14,360
for now, but he'll be back. 
He will be back. 

2706
02:20:14,360 --> 02:20:18,080
Farnabazis will be back. 
Farnabaxis, he's replaced by 

2707
02:20:18,400 --> 02:20:21,000
Tirabazis. 
So from Farnabazis to Tirabazis 

2708
02:20:21,600 --> 02:20:22,680
and we'll talk about him in a 
minute. 

2709
02:20:23,120 --> 02:20:30,040
Back in Sparta, that new Regent,
Aristodemus, LED an other, LED 

2710
02:20:30,040 --> 02:20:35,360
another army against the allies.
And again, the allies were a 

2711
02:20:35,360 --> 02:20:38,040
little screwy. 
They couldn't decide who was in 

2712
02:20:38,040 --> 02:20:41,080
charge. 
They argued about who's the 

2713
02:20:41,080 --> 02:20:43,680
leader. 
And meanwhile, Sparta's 

2714
02:20:43,680 --> 02:20:45,480
perfectly focused. 
They know exactly who's in 

2715
02:20:45,480 --> 02:20:46,640
charge. 
They have their very strict 

2716
02:20:46,640 --> 02:20:50,640
authoritarian system. 
And in this battle of Nemea, it 

2717
02:20:50,640 --> 02:20:52,560
was called, they fought in a dry
riverbed. 

2718
02:20:53,600 --> 02:20:55,840
You know they they were. 
Victorious. 

2719
02:20:55,840 --> 02:20:58,200
So Orsodemus wins another battle
against the Corinthians, but 

2720
02:20:58,200 --> 02:21:00,480
again, they're not able to 
capitalize on the victory 

2721
02:21:00,480 --> 02:21:04,720
because it's just too hard to 
break into that that region and 

2722
02:21:04,720 --> 02:21:06,200
too much of their strength was 
overseas. 

2723
02:21:06,520 --> 02:21:09,480
So a just allow us is slowly 
making his way home. 

2724
02:21:10,160 --> 02:21:13,120
Ironically, he has to pass 
through Farnabezas territory to 

2725
02:21:13,120 --> 02:21:15,800
get back. 
But Farnabezas actually said go 

2726
02:21:15,800 --> 02:21:17,160
ahead. 
He's like, I don't I'm not going

2727
02:21:17,160 --> 02:21:20,000
to stop you go home. 
That was my whole purpose in the

2728
02:21:20,000 --> 02:21:22,320
1st place was to attack your 
homeland. 

2729
02:21:22,320 --> 02:21:24,280
So you would go home and leave 
my territory. 

2730
02:21:24,360 --> 02:21:27,680
So he doesn't stop him. 
This is straight from Storm of 

2731
02:21:27,680 --> 02:21:30,160
sorts. 
Remember that Edmure had that 

2732
02:21:30,160 --> 02:21:34,480
great plan that everyone agreed 
to to stop Tywin from crossing, 

2733
02:21:34,720 --> 02:21:40,120
to break Tywin's strength in at 
the Red Fork Rob wanted him to 

2734
02:21:40,120 --> 02:21:41,400
let. 
Tywin go by. 

2735
02:21:41,560 --> 02:21:44,480
Because then Tywin would go to 
the West, and Tywin would be 

2736
02:21:45,080 --> 02:21:48,680
eating his own food, supplying 
himself from his own territory, 

2737
02:21:48,680 --> 02:21:51,200
and bleeding the river, 
breeding, bleeding the 

2738
02:21:51,200 --> 02:21:53,920
Westerlands dry. 
Rob wanted Tywin to go back to 

2739
02:21:53,920 --> 02:21:55,360
the West. 
He wanted him to leave the 

2740
02:21:55,360 --> 02:21:57,120
Riverlands. 
Same thing here. 

2741
02:21:57,120 --> 02:21:59,080
Farnabazis. 
He's got an enemy in his 

2742
02:21:59,080 --> 02:22:01,480
territory, but that enemy 
intends to leave and he like, 

2743
02:22:01,480 --> 02:22:04,360
well, let him go ahead. 
Meanwhile, it just allows. 

2744
02:22:04,360 --> 02:22:10,360
His leadership was so good, so 
quality, so strong and confident

2745
02:22:10,600 --> 02:22:14,360
that a lot of the allied cities,
some of those Greeks that he 

2746
02:22:14,360 --> 02:22:17,640
helped out, they went with him. 
They marched back to Greece with

2747
02:22:17,640 --> 02:22:19,800
him. 
At one point he pillages 

2748
02:22:19,800 --> 02:22:22,440
Thessaly on the way home. 
He's got to feed his army if 

2749
02:22:22,440 --> 02:22:25,480
thessily steals 2 of his envoys 
and and takes them hostage when 

2750
02:22:25,480 --> 02:22:29,640
he sends them over to discuss 
and he makes a very Tywin S 

2751
02:22:29,640 --> 02:22:33,400
comment, he says those two 
envoys, those two Spartan envoys

2752
02:22:33,400 --> 02:22:36,040
are worth more than all of 
Larissa. 

2753
02:22:36,920 --> 02:22:40,960
That's their capital. 
So yeah, that's pretty cool. 

2754
02:22:41,280 --> 02:22:44,080
So when he gets home, he's he's 
trying to March back. 

2755
02:22:44,640 --> 02:22:47,440
He has to March through Theban 
territory and he's he took ship 

2756
02:22:47,440 --> 02:22:51,240
through Theban territory before 
and marched through it and and 

2757
02:22:51,240 --> 02:22:53,680
took the Peloponnesis, you know,
and now he's got to March back 

2758
02:22:53,680 --> 02:22:55,520
through it. 
Thebes is ready for that. 

2759
02:22:55,520 --> 02:22:57,360
They're like, oh boy, we're not 
going to let you March through 

2760
02:22:57,360 --> 02:23:00,040
our territory without a battle. 
You don't you don't think so, do

2761
02:23:00,040 --> 02:23:01,440
you? 
So they're ready. 

2762
02:23:01,440 --> 02:23:03,680
They're they position their 
armies to block his path. 

2763
02:23:03,680 --> 02:23:07,840
It just allows. 
Remember he's returned from Gree

2764
02:23:07,840 --> 02:23:11,760
from Asia because of Thebes. 
Oh, and Thebes is allies. 

2765
02:23:11,760 --> 02:23:16,080
He's mad a partial eclipse hits 
on the way there right before 

2766
02:23:16,080 --> 02:23:19,120
the battle and they're nervous 
about it, but it just allows 

2767
02:23:19,800 --> 02:23:22,080
he's a he's a he's very good at 
this. 

2768
02:23:22,600 --> 02:23:26,000
He says, hey, remember the 
battle of Kinetis that we that 

2769
02:23:26,000 --> 02:23:32,080
we fought, that just happened. 
My brother Pisander, I appointed

2770
02:23:32,080 --> 02:23:36,040
him Navark. 
He bravely fought and died for 

2771
02:23:36,040 --> 02:23:37,840
you. 
They won. 

2772
02:23:37,920 --> 02:23:40,520
They won for you. 
He gave his life to win that 

2773
02:23:40,520 --> 02:23:42,720
battle. 
Do you all remember, guys, I 

2774
02:23:42,720 --> 02:23:44,640
told you that they lost that 
battle? 

2775
02:23:45,200 --> 02:23:47,840
Yeah. 
Adislaus just straight up lied 

2776
02:23:47,840 --> 02:23:50,720
to his army and said that they 
won this famous sea battle over 

2777
02:23:50,720 --> 02:23:52,000
there. 
He said, yeah, we won, so let's 

2778
02:23:52,000 --> 02:23:54,080
build on that and win another 
one. 

2779
02:23:54,640 --> 02:23:58,800
Yeah, just straight up lied. 
So again, you have a this is 

2780
02:23:58,800 --> 02:24:02,320
actually a pretty big army. 
You got 25,000 allies facing 

2781
02:24:02,320 --> 02:24:06,600
about 20,000 men led by 
Adislaus. 

2782
02:24:07,160 --> 02:24:10,560
So it's the shins versus the 
toes of the boots again. 

2783
02:24:10,560 --> 02:24:14,080
It's the same set up and it was 
the archive army. 

2784
02:24:14,080 --> 02:24:15,920
Facing the Spartans. 
And they were like, wait, why 

2785
02:24:15,920 --> 02:24:18,280
are we facing the Spartans? 
We don't want to face the 

2786
02:24:18,280 --> 02:24:21,160
Spartans. 
So before the 2 lines even came 

2787
02:24:21,160 --> 02:24:24,960
together, the archives ran away.
The Spartans were like, yeah, we

2788
02:24:24,960 --> 02:24:27,600
won. 
And some of I just saw us as 

2789
02:24:27,600 --> 02:24:31,480
allies are like, hey, you, you 
deserve a, a, a, a wreath to 

2790
02:24:31,480 --> 02:24:35,040
commemorate your victory. 
Take this wreath and yay. 

2791
02:24:35,520 --> 02:24:38,680
And meanwhile, the Thebans had 
won on their side, their boot 

2792
02:24:38,680 --> 02:24:41,440
kicked through the enemy shin, 
which wasn't Spartans, it was 

2793
02:24:41,440 --> 02:24:43,440
Spartan allies. 
And what do they do? 

2794
02:24:43,440 --> 02:24:46,640
They kept moving forward and 
they find themselves in a just 

2795
02:24:46,640 --> 02:24:50,880
allows his baggage train, which 
contains loot, loot that he got 

2796
02:24:50,880 --> 02:24:53,160
in Asia. 
So all of his Persian loot 

2797
02:24:53,160 --> 02:24:56,840
sitting in his baggage train And
they're like, let's, let's steal

2798
02:24:56,840 --> 02:24:59,240
that. 
It just allows finds out that 

2799
02:24:59,240 --> 02:25:02,400
this is happening. 
He gets back into armor and gets

2800
02:25:02,400 --> 02:25:06,520
his men back together and 
marches that way, and he's mad. 

2801
02:25:06,520 --> 02:25:09,920
He's very mad. 
Now, in normal hoplite battles, 

2802
02:25:10,680 --> 02:25:12,600
they don't have a lot of 
casualties. 

2803
02:25:13,840 --> 02:25:16,320
They often they try not to. 
Go straight at. 

2804
02:25:16,320 --> 02:25:18,760
Each other because it just 
becomes this insane slugfest 

2805
02:25:18,760 --> 02:25:20,760
where they're just pushing and 
shoving and no one can get the 

2806
02:25:20,760 --> 02:25:23,360
advantage. 
But it just so how it sought 

2807
02:25:23,360 --> 02:25:25,200
this out. 
This is an experienced 

2808
02:25:25,440 --> 02:25:28,920
commander, but he's mad. 
They should have been. 

2809
02:25:29,440 --> 02:25:31,880
He should have let the Theven 
phalanx pass through and then 

2810
02:25:31,880 --> 02:25:34,480
attack him from the side because
phalanxes are vulnerable from 

2811
02:25:34,480 --> 02:25:36,920
the side and rear and only 
strong at the front. 

2812
02:25:36,920 --> 02:25:39,000
And they're very unwieldy. 
It's hard to turn. 

2813
02:25:39,000 --> 02:25:41,160
You know, you got all these 
like, you got like 100 men and 

2814
02:25:41,160 --> 02:25:42,720
rows. 
And yeah, yeah, they're very 

2815
02:25:42,720 --> 02:25:44,800
unmaneuverable. 
And they're not meant to be 

2816
02:25:44,800 --> 02:25:47,760
super maneuverable because this 
is hilly grease where you don't 

2817
02:25:47,760 --> 02:25:51,680
have a lot of room to maneuver. 
But Ajisalaus didn't want that 

2818
02:25:51,680 --> 02:25:53,960
to happen. 
He decided to block their pass. 

2819
02:25:54,360 --> 02:25:57,920
Xenophon was in Ajis allows his 
army and he wrote about it. 

2820
02:25:57,920 --> 02:26:00,760
He said. 
So shield pressed upon shield. 

2821
02:26:00,760 --> 02:26:03,640
They struggled, killed and were 
killed in turn. 

2822
02:26:03,840 --> 02:26:07,240
One of the bloodiest hoplite 
battles of all time. 

2823
02:26:07,240 --> 02:26:10,040
The Thebans eventually got away 
back to their city. 

2824
02:26:10,040 --> 02:26:12,920
They retreated and got back home
or got to the mountain nearby. 

2825
02:26:13,480 --> 02:26:17,720
Some of them went to a nearby 
temple of Athena of Athena and 

2826
02:26:18,200 --> 02:26:20,600
it just allows himself was. 
Seriously wounded, he. 

2827
02:26:20,640 --> 02:26:21,880
Had to be pulled out of the 
battle. 

2828
02:26:21,880 --> 02:26:25,080
He was bleeding in, in serious, 
serious straits there. 

2829
02:26:25,440 --> 02:26:29,720
He told his men to to leave 
alone the ones that took a 

2830
02:26:29,720 --> 02:26:36,240
shelter in the temple of Athena 
and donated 10% of his wealth 

2831
02:26:36,280 --> 02:26:41,400
that he had taken from campaign 
to the Oracle Delphi, which he 

2832
02:26:41,400 --> 02:26:44,080
had got an Oracle from before he
left to go to Asia. 

2833
02:26:44,080 --> 02:26:49,560
So he was kind of returning and 
finishing that off and he sent a

2834
02:26:49,560 --> 02:26:53,600
detachment over to Locris. 
Remember the original target of 

2835
02:26:53,600 --> 02:26:57,720
the proxy war thieves got Locris
to attack focus. 

2836
02:26:58,040 --> 02:27:02,320
Well, this wasn't over yet. 
So it just allows us like, hey, 

2837
02:27:02,320 --> 02:27:03,800
let's go get Locris while we 
can. 

2838
02:27:03,800 --> 02:27:06,520
He sent his one of his polymarks
over there, but that polymarks 

2839
02:27:06,520 --> 02:27:11,000
screwed it up, got killed. 
And so it just allows marched 

2840
02:27:11,000 --> 02:27:13,200
home, although he didn't maybe 
wasn't doing much marching 

2841
02:27:13,200 --> 02:27:17,560
because of his serious injury. 
So think about now Sparta's big 

2842
02:27:17,560 --> 02:27:21,320
problem with leadership. 
They lost Lysander, they lost 

2843
02:27:21,440 --> 02:27:24,640
Pausanius, they have this Eros 
Adamus character, but now it 

2844
02:27:24,640 --> 02:27:25,840
just allows us seriously 
injured. 

2845
02:27:25,840 --> 02:27:27,760
So he can't really be a leader 
either. 

2846
02:27:27,760 --> 02:27:30,520
He might not even survive. 
And this is only a year after 

2847
02:27:30,520 --> 02:27:33,680
Lysander's death. 
So under the big deal, just 

2848
02:27:33,680 --> 02:27:37,480
allow us because of this play, 
because of this head on assault 

2849
02:27:37,480 --> 02:27:42,000
against the Thebans, even though
it's manly and you know, brave, 

2850
02:27:42,440 --> 02:27:47,000
it's Sparta didn't like it 
because their citizens, their 

2851
02:27:47,000 --> 02:27:51,280
Spartan warriors are worth more 
than any other country's 

2852
02:27:51,280 --> 02:27:54,120
warriors. 
Again, they put all their effort

2853
02:27:54,120 --> 02:27:55,760
into making them soldiers. 
It's all they do. 

2854
02:27:56,280 --> 02:27:58,640
Theban soldiers archive 
soldiers. 

2855
02:27:58,960 --> 02:28:02,200
They're farmers half the time, 
more than half the time, they 

2856
02:28:02,200 --> 02:28:03,880
aren't worth as much on a 
battlefield. 

2857
02:28:03,880 --> 02:28:09,240
So 300 Spartans getting killed 
in a battle like this doesn't 

2858
02:28:09,240 --> 02:28:12,040
matter how many they killed of 
the enemy, that's too many to 

2859
02:28:12,040 --> 02:28:15,040
lose. 
They are supposed to preserve 

2860
02:28:15,040 --> 02:28:17,720
that core Spartan strength 
because again that citizenry is 

2861
02:28:17,720 --> 02:28:21,400
is collapsing internally. 
They can't afford to lose 

2862
02:28:21,400 --> 02:28:24,320
Spartan citizens. 
Especially not because you hate 

2863
02:28:24,320 --> 02:28:27,360
Thebes. 
Yet it just allows says things 

2864
02:28:27,360 --> 02:28:31,600
like I rule because I am ruled 
more than others. 

2865
02:28:31,880 --> 02:28:35,000
It's a way to say he has more 
discipline but he's a real 

2866
02:28:35,000 --> 02:28:37,600
hypocrite about that. 
Yes, he is more ruled than 

2867
02:28:37,600 --> 02:28:41,640
others, but he also rules 
because he's cunning and sneaky 

2868
02:28:41,640 --> 02:28:44,560
as well as aggressive and and a 
great warrior and a great leader

2869
02:28:45,120 --> 02:28:49,600
Because while he's laid up with 
his injury back in Sparta, he 

2870
02:28:49,600 --> 02:28:52,400
can't lead on campaign. 
He's pretty old now, and this is

2871
02:28:52,840 --> 02:28:56,520
he's in his 50s old for a 
warrior. 

2872
02:28:56,520 --> 02:29:01,440
Certainly he starts to sink his 
hooks into the new young. 

2873
02:29:01,440 --> 02:29:03,480
King of Josepholis. 
The 10 year old, he's like, 

2874
02:29:03,480 --> 02:29:08,240
well, you're a young guy. 
Our culture's big on older men. 

2875
02:29:08,240 --> 02:29:10,320
Influencing. 
Younger men and you're a future 

2876
02:29:10,320 --> 02:29:13,080
king, my Co king. 
I'm a king, you're a king. 

2877
02:29:13,400 --> 02:29:15,440
I'm the older guy. 
Let me teach you what it's all 

2878
02:29:15,440 --> 02:29:17,640
about. 
So yeah, I just allow it. 

2879
02:29:17,640 --> 02:29:22,160
Starts teaching Jecepolis 
basically his way. 

2880
02:29:22,160 --> 02:29:26,200
He's like, I got a young king. 
He's very open to suggestion and

2881
02:29:26,200 --> 02:29:27,920
that's what he does. 
He starts manipulating and 

2882
02:29:27,920 --> 02:29:30,520
teaching him and getting him to 
do things the way he does. 

2883
02:29:31,200 --> 02:29:34,160
The Corinthian War is not worth 
getting deep into. 

2884
02:29:34,160 --> 02:29:38,080
It's a seven-year long war, and 
it's a lot like that March of 

2885
02:29:38,080 --> 02:29:40,600
Aristodamos where they win a 
small battle, but nothing really

2886
02:29:40,600 --> 02:29:42,840
much happens because of it. 
They can't build on that. 

2887
02:29:43,520 --> 02:29:45,560
What's interesting about the 
Corinthian War is just a few 

2888
02:29:45,560 --> 02:29:46,360
things. 
There's a couple, here's a 

2889
02:29:46,360 --> 02:29:48,760
couple of notes on it, some 
interesting things that happen 

2890
02:29:48,760 --> 02:29:50,160
rather than us going through the
whole thing. 

2891
02:29:50,840 --> 02:29:54,040
Plato, the philosopher, was 
probably in some of these 

2892
02:29:54,200 --> 02:29:55,520
battles that amounted to very 
little. 

2893
02:29:55,520 --> 02:29:58,960
He may have even been in that 
battle where Arcadamos won, but 

2894
02:29:58,960 --> 02:30:01,240
then went back to Sparta after 
accomplishing very little. 

2895
02:30:01,640 --> 02:30:05,680
There was a time when it just 
allows got back into command. 

2896
02:30:05,680 --> 02:30:07,720
He recovered and lived several 
years in. 

2897
02:30:08,200 --> 02:30:11,440
He started leading armies again 
and there was one small battle 

2898
02:30:11,440 --> 02:30:14,120
he lost to a man named 
Ethicrites, who we'll call 

2899
02:30:14,120 --> 02:30:17,320
Ethicrites the innovator. 
Ethicrites the innovator. 

2900
02:30:18,000 --> 02:30:20,200
He changed a few things about 
phalanx warfare. 

2901
02:30:20,200 --> 02:30:21,960
I told you all that. 
It was just very 

2902
02:30:21,960 --> 02:30:23,320
straightforward, very 
conservative. 

2903
02:30:23,320 --> 02:30:24,720
They face each other, they go 
head on. 

2904
02:30:24,720 --> 02:30:27,600
Sometimes there's the boot and 
the shin. 

2905
02:30:27,760 --> 02:30:31,160
All that business. 
Well, if Ficritis said, well, 

2906
02:30:31,160 --> 02:30:33,080
we're always doing the same 
thing, why don't we make the 

2907
02:30:33,080 --> 02:30:36,760
Spears just a little bit longer?
Then we have a little more 

2908
02:30:36,760 --> 02:30:38,360
reach. 
We can start hitting poking at 

2909
02:30:38,360 --> 02:30:42,320
them before they poke at us. 
It seems kind of obvious, but it

2910
02:30:42,320 --> 02:30:44,280
wasn't done. 
He also, like, changed their 

2911
02:30:44,280 --> 02:30:48,440
shoes, made their boots, but he 
designed better marching sandals

2912
02:30:48,440 --> 02:30:50,120
for them. 
Yeah, they wear sandals, not 

2913
02:30:50,120 --> 02:30:51,680
boots. 
Like he uses boot metaphor, but 

2914
02:30:51,960 --> 02:30:55,880
none of them are wearing boots. 
So I just allow he didn't. 

2915
02:30:55,880 --> 02:30:57,280
Really lose much. 
He lost another. 

2916
02:30:57,640 --> 02:30:59,240
A group of Spartans. 
So that was that hurt because 

2917
02:30:59,240 --> 02:31:02,360
again, those are precious, but 
they didn't really lose a 

2918
02:31:02,360 --> 02:31:04,080
military advantage. 
And it was more about. 

2919
02:31:04,080 --> 02:31:05,680
Pride and status that he lost 
there. 

2920
02:31:06,240 --> 02:31:10,440
But again, because of the pride 
angle and because Corinth is so 

2921
02:31:10,440 --> 02:31:12,440
close to Sparta, he's marching 
back home. 

2922
02:31:12,760 --> 02:31:16,080
He has to pass by Mantinea. 
Mantinea is a city in the region

2923
02:31:16,080 --> 02:31:18,640
of Arcadia. 
Arcadia is the region just north

2924
02:31:18,680 --> 02:31:22,360
of Laconia, also called 
Lacodemonia, which is the region

2925
02:31:22,360 --> 02:31:26,320
that Sparta's in now. 
The Mantineans, I guess to pass 

2926
02:31:26,320 --> 02:31:29,680
by the Mantineans, the 
Mantineans climb their walls. 

2927
02:31:30,000 --> 02:31:32,960
They knew he lost and they start
mocking and they're like you 

2928
02:31:32,960 --> 02:31:36,040
lost to a Fiker, tease you lost 
to an Athenian, blah, blah, 

2929
02:31:36,040 --> 02:31:37,000
blah. 
They're mocking him. 

2930
02:31:37,000 --> 02:31:38,880
He is mad. 
He doesn't know yet. 

2931
02:31:39,120 --> 02:31:41,360
Mockery in the ancient world, it
works, right? 

2932
02:31:41,560 --> 02:31:44,960
He's pissed. 
So the next time he passed 

2933
02:31:44,960 --> 02:31:48,520
Mantinea, he he marched at 
night. 

2934
02:31:48,800 --> 02:31:50,400
So that they. 
Couldn't mock him when they 

2935
02:31:50,400 --> 02:31:55,680
walked by, but he also didn't. 
Forget and he would. 

2936
02:31:56,280 --> 02:31:59,840
He would have the last laugh, as
we'll see here, but not quite 

2937
02:31:59,840 --> 02:32:02,200
right away. 
There was an internal struggle 

2938
02:32:02,200 --> 02:32:05,320
in Corinth when the oligarchs 
and Democrats went at each other

2939
02:32:05,920 --> 02:32:08,960
and they just ended up splitting
things. 

2940
02:32:08,960 --> 02:32:13,040
The oligarchs lost, they got 
some help from Sparta, and they 

2941
02:32:13,240 --> 02:32:16,800
captured Corinth's port. 
The port asked the the port part

2942
02:32:16,800 --> 02:32:19,080
of the city was captured by the 
oligarchs and they held it where

2943
02:32:19,080 --> 02:32:20,760
the Democrats held the main 
city. 

2944
02:32:20,920 --> 02:32:26,720
And that state of affairs kept 
for a while until Argos, the 

2945
02:32:26,720 --> 02:32:30,440
neighboring city, the 5th 
largest, probably where as I 

2946
02:32:30,440 --> 02:32:31,840
said, Corinth is the 4th 
largest. 

2947
02:32:32,040 --> 02:32:35,520
They addressed this problem by 
saying, you know what, let's 

2948
02:32:35,520 --> 02:32:38,400
become one city. 
Let's become Argo, Corinth or 

2949
02:32:38,400 --> 02:32:41,880
Corinth, Argos, destroy the 
border stones between our two 

2950
02:32:41,880 --> 02:32:45,000
cities and just join together. 
And that means this, then we'll 

2951
02:32:45,000 --> 02:32:47,320
be able to push back against 
these oligarchs even better. 

2952
02:32:48,160 --> 02:32:50,840
I told you, it just allows went 
back into the field, right? 

2953
02:32:50,840 --> 02:32:55,400
He's about 58 now. 
He had been manipulating and 

2954
02:32:55,400 --> 02:33:00,840
corrupting and instructing young
King Agicepolis, who during this

2955
02:33:00,840 --> 02:33:05,080
Corinthian war came of age and 
started leading minor campaigns 

2956
02:33:05,080 --> 02:33:07,200
of his own. 
Nothing of note though, at least

2957
02:33:07,200 --> 02:33:11,960
not yet in 392. 
There was the 97th. 

2958
02:33:11,960 --> 02:33:14,920
Olympiad. 
We don't know who won the naked 

2959
02:33:14,920 --> 02:33:19,680
race, but the boys naked race 
was won by a kid named Dyke 

2960
02:33:19,680 --> 02:33:21,160
Dickon. 
We'll call him Dickon. 

2961
02:33:21,160 --> 02:33:23,160
Yes, the naked race was won by 
Dickon. 

2962
02:33:23,800 --> 02:33:26,680
Boxing was won by Forbion of 
Halicarnassus. 

2963
02:33:27,120 --> 02:33:30,200
Wrestling was won by 
Euthymoneses of Manila. 

2964
02:33:30,520 --> 02:33:34,720
Menelos and Euthymoneses had won
the boys wrestling event eight 

2965
02:33:34,720 --> 02:33:37,760
years prior. 
And guess who won the four horse

2966
02:33:37,760 --> 02:33:39,720
race again? 
It was Caniscus. 

2967
02:33:39,720 --> 02:33:42,280
And it's got all again. 
She won 2 Olympics in a row. 

2968
02:33:42,840 --> 02:33:45,960
No word on whether she made a 
second statue, but I'm sure she 

2969
02:33:46,040 --> 02:33:49,160
trumpeted her achievements 
because, well, that's what they 

2970
02:33:49,160 --> 02:33:51,240
do. 
Sparta. 

2971
02:33:52,120 --> 02:33:53,920
The Conservative. 
Conservative Party. 

2972
02:33:53,920 --> 02:33:56,400
Rather than the regular. 
Conservative party sent 

2973
02:33:56,480 --> 02:34:00,960
Antalcatus who is just allows 
his in law, but not his friend. 

2974
02:34:00,960 --> 02:34:03,800
They did not like each other. 
He's a diplomat. 

2975
02:34:03,800 --> 02:34:07,200
So already that's a little 
different than Sparta is. 

2976
02:34:07,200 --> 02:34:09,320
Usually they're very warlike, 
very militaristic. 

2977
02:34:09,320 --> 02:34:13,080
This guy's a diplomat. 
He goes to Tira Bazis, and 

2978
02:34:13,080 --> 02:34:17,320
Tierra Bazis is, remember, he's 
the replacement for Farna Bazis.

2979
02:34:17,680 --> 02:34:20,400
And so he's a governor. 
And he said they want peace. 

2980
02:34:20,400 --> 02:34:22,880
They're like, hey, can we have 
peace until, until Kiedis is 

2981
02:34:22,880 --> 02:34:24,200
like, hey, how about we stop all
this? 

2982
02:34:24,200 --> 02:34:26,080
Let's have peace. 
Because the Corinthian war is 

2983
02:34:26,080 --> 02:34:29,400
dragging on. 
Everyone's fighting Sparta, and 

2984
02:34:29,400 --> 02:34:30,840
Sparta's starting to feel it, 
right? 

2985
02:34:31,040 --> 02:34:34,400
They already lost their fleet, 
and that's what they're after. 

2986
02:34:34,400 --> 02:34:36,280
They want a new fleet. 
So that's the deal. 

2987
02:34:36,280 --> 02:34:39,440
They say, hey, Tierra Bazis, 
we'll give you back all these 

2988
02:34:39,440 --> 02:34:41,880
Asia Minor cities. 
Asia Minor cities are like, 

2989
02:34:41,880 --> 02:34:45,120
wait, what? 
But they don't have a say. 

2990
02:34:45,680 --> 02:34:47,920
If. 
You stop attacking. 

2991
02:34:47,920 --> 02:34:50,240
US. 
And you give us a new fleet. 

2992
02:34:51,080 --> 02:34:53,240
It's a big argument. 
It's a big ask. 

2993
02:34:53,600 --> 02:34:55,560
But they had a convincing 
argument. 

2994
02:34:55,560 --> 02:34:58,520
They're like, look at what 
Athens is doing. 

2995
02:34:58,840 --> 02:35:01,560
Yeah, you didn't want us to be 
powerful, but Athens is doing 

2996
02:35:01,560 --> 02:35:03,920
the same thing. 
Athens is flipping all those 

2997
02:35:03,920 --> 02:35:06,800
cities back to them from us. 
And what do you think they're 

2998
02:35:06,800 --> 02:35:08,440
going to do once they flip all 
those cities? 

2999
02:35:08,440 --> 02:35:10,000
They're going to be a big 
problem for you. 

3000
02:35:10,640 --> 02:35:12,520
And they're actually competent 
at sea. 

3001
02:35:13,000 --> 02:35:16,800
And they were a big problem for 
you, you know, 70 years ago when

3002
02:35:16,800 --> 02:35:20,080
they were the dominant power in 
the region, which ended when the

3003
02:35:20,080 --> 02:35:22,720
Peloponnesian War just, you 
know, sacked all their power. 

3004
02:35:23,360 --> 02:35:27,160
So, yeah, Conan and Farnabazis 
were taking all these islands 

3005
02:35:27,160 --> 02:35:29,400
away. 
And so it's a good argument. 

3006
02:35:29,400 --> 02:35:31,400
They're like, yeah, hmm, that's 
a good point. 

3007
02:35:31,760 --> 02:35:35,760
And they were also working with 
King Evagoris of Cyprus. 

3008
02:35:35,760 --> 02:35:37,600
Remember, this guy rebelled 
against Persia. 

3009
02:35:37,600 --> 02:35:42,080
So Cyprus is in rebellion 
against Persia, and Athens sends

3010
02:35:42,080 --> 02:35:44,520
help to him. 
They send a guy named Cabrios. 

3011
02:35:44,520 --> 02:35:47,960
Cabrios is our sea snake. 
He's not going to have a big 

3012
02:35:47,960 --> 02:35:49,520
role in this episode, but he'll.
Have a big role in the. 

3013
02:35:49,520 --> 02:35:52,120
Next one because well, he's the 
sea snake and that's really 

3014
02:35:52,120 --> 02:35:54,400
cool. 
This is a guy that changed size 

3015
02:35:54,400 --> 02:35:57,920
a few times. 
I was a expert at sea, very 

3016
02:35:57,920 --> 02:36:01,200
brave and wasn't always on the 
same side. 

3017
02:36:01,800 --> 02:36:08,120
So he staged a trap on the 
Spartan Garrison in Cyprus. 

3018
02:36:08,120 --> 02:36:10,880
He tricked them into a merging 
to fight a battle because, you 

3019
02:36:10,880 --> 02:36:12,720
know, they like doing that. 
They don't like hiding in their 

3020
02:36:12,720 --> 02:36:14,840
territory, hiding in their 
castles or whatever their 

3021
02:36:14,840 --> 02:36:17,720
fortresses. 
But he had hidden. 

3022
02:36:17,720 --> 02:36:21,480
Cabrias did some more troops 
nearby, and once the Spartans 

3023
02:36:21,480 --> 02:36:23,960
emerged, they were caught 
between these two armies and 

3024
02:36:23,960 --> 02:36:26,360
killed. 
And Sparta lost their presence 

3025
02:36:26,360 --> 02:36:30,800
on Cyprus. 
So King of Evagoras moved to, 

3026
02:36:30,800 --> 02:36:33,760
rather than just trying to 
reclaim his island, he invaded 

3027
02:36:33,760 --> 02:36:37,040
Persia and started taking cities
in Phoenicia, including Tyre. 

3028
02:36:37,400 --> 02:36:40,760
Tyre is the model for tyros. 
Tyre is where purple dye comes 

3029
02:36:40,760 --> 02:36:42,720
from. 
Tyros is where colorful dyes 

3030
02:36:42,720 --> 02:36:44,560
come from. 
Both those cities get their 

3031
02:36:44,600 --> 02:36:48,600
colorful dyes from sea snails. 
He also encouraged another 

3032
02:36:48,960 --> 02:36:51,720
province in Persia under Persian
rule to revolt. 

3033
02:36:51,720 --> 02:36:53,480
So there's more revolts 
happening. 

3034
02:36:53,640 --> 02:36:55,520
Colicchia is the current 
revolutionary. 

3035
02:36:55,520 --> 02:36:59,480
So there's Colicchia, Cyprus and
all these others, and some of 

3036
02:36:59,480 --> 02:37:03,880
the Ionian Greek cities. 
Tirabasis agrees to Antalkidis, 

3037
02:37:03,880 --> 02:37:08,000
terms Antalkidis rather, and 
gives him the fleet in exchange 

3038
02:37:08,000 --> 02:37:09,360
for the cities. 
All right, I'm going to give you

3039
02:37:09,360 --> 02:37:11,280
that fleet. 
You can have those cities back 

3040
02:37:12,160 --> 02:37:14,560
but Artaxerxes is like wait. 
Wait, Wait, wait, wait, wait, 

3041
02:37:14,560 --> 02:37:16,800
wait, wait. 
Governor Tirabasis, you did what

3042
02:37:16,800 --> 02:37:20,000
now? 
No, he reversed. 

3043
02:37:20,000 --> 02:37:22,240
It he said no. 
He said no, I'm Aries, you're 

3044
02:37:22,240 --> 02:37:25,800
Tywin, I'm reversing that. 
You, we don't agree to 

3045
02:37:25,800 --> 02:37:28,320
antilchitis terms. 
You can't have a fleet. 

3046
02:37:29,520 --> 02:37:32,080
He fired Tirabasis. 
And put a new guy. 

3047
02:37:32,080 --> 02:37:37,320
Struthas in Struthas went back 
to anti spartanism but like 2 

3048
02:37:37,320 --> 02:37:42,160
years later struthas got fired. 
And Tira Bassus was. 

3049
02:37:42,160 --> 02:37:45,360
Replaced, and we don't know why.
We don't know what happened 

3050
02:37:45,360 --> 02:37:50,680
behind the scenes. 
My guess is parasitis, his 

3051
02:37:51,040 --> 02:37:54,800
overbearing, very controlling 
mother had something to do with 

3052
02:37:54,800 --> 02:37:56,400
it. 
We don't know what her deal is 

3053
02:37:56,400 --> 02:37:58,440
at this point. 
She's very old. 

3054
02:37:58,440 --> 02:38:01,120
She might be in her 90s. 
It's possible she's not even in 

3055
02:38:01,120 --> 02:38:05,520
the picture anymore. 
But if she was, she's doing 

3056
02:38:05,520 --> 02:38:06,600
things 'cause that's what she 
did. 

3057
02:38:06,960 --> 02:38:09,880
She doesn't sit back. 
That's not her her her vibe. 

3058
02:38:09,920 --> 02:38:14,080
It could have just been that 
Antalkidas just was that good of

3059
02:38:14,080 --> 02:38:17,560
a diplomat. 
Either way, Artiserxes flipped 

3060
02:38:17,560 --> 02:38:20,440
back to being pro Sparta anti 
Athens. 

3061
02:38:21,080 --> 02:38:25,760
So the Athenian envoys, 
including Conan who have been 

3062
02:38:25,760 --> 02:38:29,000
working with Farna Bazis. 
He's this powerful general and 

3063
02:38:29,000 --> 02:38:31,640
he's working as an envoy. 
Now he gets snatched up and 

3064
02:38:31,640 --> 02:38:33,120
thrown in prison by Tierra 
Bazis. 

3065
02:38:33,120 --> 02:38:35,520
Throwing an envoy in prison. 
Not cool, but they did it. 

3066
02:38:36,120 --> 02:38:40,840
Now that Winston Churchill dude 
Thracibulus, he is appointed to 

3067
02:38:40,840 --> 02:38:44,320
replace Conan and starts raiding
different places throughout the 

3068
02:38:44,320 --> 02:38:47,760
Aegean, raiding a territory of 
the Persians and Spartans. 

3069
02:38:48,360 --> 02:38:52,760
Conan actually escapes from 
prison, gets the job back from 

3070
02:38:52,760 --> 02:38:58,120
Thracibulus, then goes to back 
to Cyprus and dies of like a 

3071
02:38:58,120 --> 02:39:00,720
fever or something. 
Which puts Thracibulus right 

3072
02:39:00,720 --> 02:39:04,920
back in charge again and and 
Talcott has finally found a way 

3073
02:39:04,920 --> 02:39:08,760
to stop all this. 
When the new ships were ready, 

3074
02:39:09,480 --> 02:39:12,360
he sent them to blockade. 
The Black Sea. 

3075
02:39:12,520 --> 02:39:18,880
Which had the same effect 
Lysander had those 20 some years

3076
02:39:18,880 --> 02:39:21,720
before when he entered the 
Peloponnesian War by blockading 

3077
02:39:21,720 --> 02:39:25,640
Athens's grain supply. 
That's again what Antalkidis 

3078
02:39:25,640 --> 02:39:27,720
did. 
The grain supply of Athens was 

3079
02:39:27,720 --> 02:39:31,000
blocked, and Athens didn't have 
enough ships to break that 

3080
02:39:31,000 --> 02:39:34,080
blockade. 
So they're like, all right, you 

3081
02:39:34,080 --> 02:39:35,840
got us. 
We'll at least come to the 

3082
02:39:35,840 --> 02:39:38,280
negotiating table. 
We'll show up, we'll talk to 

3083
02:39:38,280 --> 02:39:41,760
you. 
We'll see what we can do without

3084
02:39:41,760 --> 02:39:45,560
Athens. 
It war, Corinth, Argos and 

3085
02:39:45,560 --> 02:39:46,880
Thebes. 
They're like, all right, we're 

3086
02:39:46,880 --> 02:39:49,480
not going to fight these guys by
ourselves, not without Athens. 

3087
02:39:49,480 --> 02:39:51,720
So we will also come to the 
negotiating table. 

3088
02:39:52,000 --> 02:39:54,320
The year 388 was the 98th 
Olympiad. 

3089
02:39:54,360 --> 02:39:58,640
The Stadion was won by Saucipos 
of Athens, the wrestling by 

3090
02:39:58,640 --> 02:40:02,400
Aristidemos of Ellis, the boxing
by You Pelos of Thessaly. 

3091
02:40:02,840 --> 02:40:06,440
The two Horse by Clayogenes of 
Ellis and the four horse by 

3092
02:40:06,440 --> 02:40:09,880
Xenarcos of Sparta. 
This episode's running a little 

3093
02:40:09,880 --> 02:40:12,880
longer than we intended, so 
we're going to do one more 

3094
02:40:12,880 --> 02:40:14,800
section and then call it. 
And we'll just keep going. 

3095
02:40:14,800 --> 02:40:16,880
We'll take, we'll take as many 
episodes as it needs to get 

3096
02:40:16,880 --> 02:40:18,320
through all this. 
I love this story. 

3097
02:40:18,320 --> 02:40:21,800
I hope you all do too. 
So we'll just run with it until 

3098
02:40:21,800 --> 02:40:23,840
it's done and you guys tell us 
what you think. 

3099
02:40:24,560 --> 02:40:29,720
One of the stops that 
Thrasybulus made along the way, 

3100
02:40:30,480 --> 02:40:34,760
when one of his many raids was 
the city of Aspendis. 

3101
02:40:35,040 --> 02:40:38,760
He raided them for food and the 
Aspendians were pretty pissed 

3102
02:40:38,760 --> 02:40:41,200
about that. 
They counter raided him, 

3103
02:40:41,200 --> 02:40:42,920
attacked his camp at night and 
killed him. 

3104
02:40:43,120 --> 02:40:47,520
That's it for Thrasybulus. 
So that's again a loss for 

3105
02:40:47,520 --> 02:40:49,760
Athens, which effects their 
negotiating strategy. 

3106
02:40:49,760 --> 02:40:51,760
They're like, ah, we lost 
another general, Dang it. 

3107
02:40:52,080 --> 02:40:56,160
And so he was a really big deal.
And he remember he was one of 

3108
02:40:56,160 --> 02:40:57,800
the guys that overthrew the 30 
tyrants. 

3109
02:40:57,800 --> 02:41:01,200
So that's a big loss and they 
felt it. 

3110
02:41:03,880 --> 02:41:08,400
The King's Peace 380. 7. 
Valor. 

3111
02:41:08,480 --> 02:41:10,120
Would cease to be a. 
Virtue. 

3112
02:41:10,240 --> 02:41:15,600
If there was no injustice that 
just allows this, King's Peace 

3113
02:41:15,600 --> 02:41:18,800
meeting was a huge deal. 
Picture a Great Council or 

3114
02:41:18,800 --> 02:41:22,080
something like that where 
everyone's there, just allow us 

3115
02:41:22,080 --> 02:41:24,280
was there and he claimed the 
right to preside. 

3116
02:41:24,280 --> 02:41:26,200
He like took the high seat and 
was like, hey, I'm in charge 

3117
02:41:26,200 --> 02:41:27,800
here. 
Artaxerxes wasn't there in 

3118
02:41:27,800 --> 02:41:29,200
person or else he would have 
done that. 

3119
02:41:29,200 --> 02:41:33,160
It's it's obviously his spot. 
Tira Bazis was there as the main

3120
02:41:33,160 --> 02:41:37,240
representative for the Persians.
Athens had representatives, of 

3121
02:41:37,240 --> 02:41:41,960
course, and all these others, 
you know, Sparta and thieves. 

3122
02:41:41,960 --> 02:41:43,880
Everybody had the other 
representatives there. 

3123
02:41:44,600 --> 02:41:48,480
Here's the terms that were 
inflicted upon them, with Athens

3124
02:41:48,480 --> 02:41:54,400
and Athens and Corinthian, Argos
and Thebes having the the worst 

3125
02:41:54,400 --> 02:41:57,440
of it. 
They had to accept terms that 

3126
02:41:57,440 --> 02:42:00,360
were not favorable to them. 
Athens had to give it all back. 

3127
02:42:00,360 --> 02:42:03,960
Everything they just flipped 
away from Sparta, away from 

3128
02:42:03,960 --> 02:42:05,320
Spartan Persia, they had to give
back. 

3129
02:42:05,320 --> 02:42:12,000
Everything Thrasibulus and Conan
and Farnabazos had done had to 

3130
02:42:12,000 --> 02:42:14,000
be reversed. 
Now, Farnabazos didn't care 

3131
02:42:14,000 --> 02:42:15,560
'cause he was working for Persia
anyway. 

3132
02:42:15,560 --> 02:42:17,680
He's Persian, so it doesn't 
really matter to him, and he'd 

3133
02:42:17,720 --> 02:42:19,760
already gotten rewarded. 
He's not even in the picture 

3134
02:42:19,760 --> 02:42:22,840
right now. 
Avogoris, through very clever 

3135
02:42:22,840 --> 02:42:27,240
maneuvering put pitted Tirabasis
and Orontes and other Persian 

3136
02:42:27,240 --> 02:42:30,240
satrap against each other and 
managed to get out of all this 

3137
02:42:30,440 --> 02:42:33,640
despite rebelling. 
He got to keep his Kingdom, he 

3138
02:42:33,640 --> 02:42:37,480
got to keep Cyprus as a client, 
he had to pay taxes, but he got 

3139
02:42:37,480 --> 02:42:39,800
to keep the title king. 
Which is really amazing because 

3140
02:42:39,840 --> 02:42:43,040
no one else really did. 
Corinthargo stayed combined into

3141
02:42:43,040 --> 02:42:44,600
one. 
No more. 

3142
02:42:44,800 --> 02:42:47,120
Part of the deal was they had to
go back to being 2 cities. 

3143
02:42:47,840 --> 02:42:50,360
Thebes had to give up their. 
Allies Their. 

3144
02:42:50,360 --> 02:42:53,200
Close local allies the Boesian 
League, which had existed since 

3145
02:42:53,200 --> 02:42:57,240
5:20 so thieves had to say no 
you're individual now and this 

3146
02:42:57,240 --> 02:43:00,120
was accomplished by a just 
allows thieves was like OK we'll

3147
02:43:00,120 --> 02:43:03,480
sign this deal on behalf of the 
Boesian league and a just allows

3148
02:43:03,480 --> 02:43:09,600
said no everyone signs 
individually you can't sign on 

3149
02:43:09,600 --> 02:43:11,400
their behalf. 
You don't rule them. 

3150
02:43:11,760 --> 02:43:16,800
So this was that's how he put 
that to paper was by having the 

3151
02:43:16,800 --> 02:43:19,840
individual cities sign 
individually for themselves a 

3152
02:43:19,840 --> 02:43:23,040
hey, we agree to this peace deal
on our own behalf, not because 

3153
02:43:23,040 --> 02:43:26,200
of Thebes. 
So by those means, they just 

3154
02:43:26,200 --> 02:43:28,080
allow us pulled power away from 
Thebes. 

3155
02:43:28,760 --> 02:43:31,080
In some ways, the King's peace 
is amazing. 

3156
02:43:31,080 --> 02:43:36,000
Think about Aegon's conquest. 
It was the first true framework 

3157
02:43:36,000 --> 02:43:38,680
for a unified peace throughout 
Greece, just like it was for 

3158
02:43:38,680 --> 02:43:40,640
Westeros when when the Iron 
Throne was forged. 

3159
02:43:41,040 --> 02:43:44,240
A set of rules for everyone to 
adhere to. 

3160
02:43:44,600 --> 02:43:47,040
We just got through saying over 
and over and in many different 

3161
02:43:47,040 --> 02:43:51,280
ways, all these different city 
states in Greece, including many

3162
02:43:51,280 --> 02:43:53,880
that we never mentioned, have 
different styles of government, 

3163
02:43:53,880 --> 02:43:56,240
different attitudes, different 
this, different that. 

3164
02:43:56,720 --> 02:43:59,400
So they don't have the same set 
of rules. 

3165
02:43:59,400 --> 02:44:03,760
They don't agree to what peace 
and war and why you should have 

3166
02:44:03,760 --> 02:44:07,440
either of those two, but with a 
agreed upon framework for 

3167
02:44:07,440 --> 02:44:10,240
everybody. 
Hey, peace is worth a lot. 

3168
02:44:10,240 --> 02:44:13,280
You can accept a little 
authoritarianism, a little loss 

3169
02:44:13,280 --> 02:44:16,480
of freedom if it keeps this 
endless cycle of civil war from 

3170
02:44:16,480 --> 02:44:19,400
happening. 
If if right, it's a big. 

3171
02:44:19,400 --> 02:44:22,040
If like if you. 
Break the King's peace in 

3172
02:44:22,040 --> 02:44:24,560
Westeros. 
Aegon would answer with Dragons,

3173
02:44:24,560 --> 02:44:27,320
and everybody knew that, and you
knew what the Dragons could do. 

3174
02:44:27,440 --> 02:44:30,160
So it's not quite so bad here. 
You don't have to answer to 

3175
02:44:30,160 --> 02:44:32,280
Dragons, but you have to answer 
to Persia. 

3176
02:44:32,280 --> 02:44:35,280
And Persia's really, really 
powerful, really, really 

3177
02:44:35,280 --> 02:44:37,120
wealthy, really, really 
underhanded. 

3178
02:44:37,120 --> 02:44:39,240
And they'll kill you in really, 
really awful ways. 

3179
02:44:39,640 --> 02:44:43,480
But they're really far away. 
They have power in the in the 

3180
02:44:43,480 --> 02:44:46,240
Mediterranean, but their 
capital, the the center of the 

3181
02:44:46,240 --> 02:44:50,600
power super far away. 
So Sparta was appointed top dog 

3182
02:44:50,600 --> 02:44:53,480
in Greece by Persia here. 
That's how this worked. 

3183
02:44:53,480 --> 02:44:58,120
They were the framework for this
piece was, hey, we Persia, we're

3184
02:44:58,120 --> 02:45:00,640
too far away to to enforce the 
peace. 

3185
02:45:00,640 --> 02:45:02,160
So we got to appoint someone 
else to do that. 

3186
02:45:02,360 --> 02:45:05,000
It's going to be Sparta. 
People did not like that. 

3187
02:45:05,000 --> 02:45:08,560
I'm like, we just got through 
saying we don't want Sparta to 

3188
02:45:08,560 --> 02:45:11,640
rule us and now you're putting 
them in charge of us. 

3189
02:45:11,880 --> 02:45:14,880
At least though, you're saying 
that even Sparta can't attack 

3190
02:45:14,880 --> 02:45:17,000
us. 
They can only attack us if we 

3191
02:45:17,000 --> 02:45:19,960
break the rules. 
So that's the rub, right? 

3192
02:45:20,640 --> 02:45:23,640
Interpretation of the rules is 
going to become the new 

3193
02:45:23,760 --> 02:45:28,680
battlefront for the next few 
years because can Sparta what? 

3194
02:45:28,680 --> 02:45:30,800
Sparta's. 
Right What? 

3195
02:45:30,800 --> 02:45:32,640
When are they allowed to attack?
Somebody else for? 

3196
02:45:32,640 --> 02:45:34,640
Breaking the King's peace. 
Because if they attack somebody 

3197
02:45:34,920 --> 02:45:39,200
with an invalid reason, then 
they've broken the King's peace,

3198
02:45:39,240 --> 02:45:41,000
right? 
Yeah, so. 

3199
02:45:41,680 --> 02:45:44,640
Sparta's top dog. 
They get to call the shots, but 

3200
02:45:44,640 --> 02:45:48,480
they're very restricted. 
Maybe right it it. 

3201
02:45:48,480 --> 02:45:50,600
Remains to be seen just. 
How restricted they will be? 

3202
02:45:50,600 --> 02:45:52,760
Just how strict will Artaxerxes 
be? 

3203
02:45:53,000 --> 02:45:56,840
Just how strict will Sparta be? 
Nobody knows at this point. 

3204
02:45:57,400 --> 02:45:58,640
It's also kind of embarrassing, 
though. 

3205
02:45:58,640 --> 02:46:01,280
As good as this is, as much as 
this is a positive outlook for 

3206
02:46:01,280 --> 02:46:03,680
peace, as long as, even though 
this is something that will be 

3207
02:46:03,680 --> 02:46:07,440
later built upon when Greece 
becomes a little more unified, 

3208
02:46:08,000 --> 02:46:10,720
having Persia dictate all this 
is embarrassing. 

3209
02:46:10,920 --> 02:46:13,440
We've, we've said at plenty of 
points about this episode that 

3210
02:46:13,440 --> 02:46:15,600
Greece doesn't like Persian 
culture. 

3211
02:46:15,600 --> 02:46:18,840
They think they think they're 
soft, they think they're corrupt

3212
02:46:18,840 --> 02:46:22,080
and too feminine or whatever. 
You know, these things that 

3213
02:46:22,080 --> 02:46:24,000
aren't necessarily insults, but 
they think they are. 

3214
02:46:24,440 --> 02:46:29,000
And so having Persia Lord over 
them, king over them like this, 

3215
02:46:29,000 --> 02:46:32,040
they, even though it was 
creating peace, they didn't like

3216
02:46:32,040 --> 02:46:34,600
it. 
And it really didn't take very 

3217
02:46:34,600 --> 02:46:35,880
long. 
For. 

3218
02:46:35,880 --> 02:46:39,040
Sparta to start rubbing people 
the wrong way again. 

3219
02:46:39,720 --> 02:46:42,480
The Corinthian War ended in 387 
with the signing of the King's 

3220
02:46:42,480 --> 02:46:47,160
Peace, and even though not much 
changed, both sides had spent a 

3221
02:46:47,160 --> 02:46:49,120
lot of resources reaching that 
stalemate. 

3222
02:46:49,600 --> 02:46:51,880
So Sparta maintained its 
dominance over the Greek 

3223
02:46:51,880 --> 02:46:54,880
mainland, but their grip wasn't 
as strong as it was because now 

3224
02:46:54,880 --> 02:46:59,400
they have a weaker army, weaker 
leadership, and restrictions 

3225
02:46:59,400 --> 02:47:01,240
placed upon them by the King's 
peace. 

3226
02:47:02,200 --> 02:47:07,120
In 385, Sparta decided to go at.
Mantinea. 

3227
02:47:07,120 --> 02:47:11,480
That same city that laughed at 
Ajisa, Laos and. 

3228
02:47:11,480 --> 02:47:12,600
What was their? 
Reason. 

3229
02:47:13,280 --> 02:47:15,600
Because they had walls. 
They're like, you can't have 

3230
02:47:15,600 --> 02:47:17,880
walls. 
That violates the King's peace. 

3231
02:47:18,160 --> 02:47:20,880
It doesn't. 
But that was Sparta's pretext. 

3232
02:47:21,480 --> 02:47:27,000
Yet even Thebes joined them 
because they didn't want to. 

3233
02:47:27,000 --> 02:47:28,760
This wasn't the battle to pick 
with Sparta. 

3234
02:47:28,760 --> 02:47:31,000
Like we got to enforce the rules
and if we're going to stand up 

3235
02:47:31,000 --> 02:47:34,280
to Sparta, this isn't the time, 
so we'll go along with it. 

3236
02:47:34,520 --> 02:47:37,560
We don't have any alliance with 
Mentania, so they said some. 

3237
02:47:37,640 --> 02:47:41,560
They sent the group to help 
Sparta out, including Palapas 

3238
02:47:41,800 --> 02:47:45,400
and Epaminondas, two very 
important characters, the two 

3239
02:47:45,400 --> 02:47:47,240
who I'm the most excited to talk
about. 

3240
02:47:47,560 --> 02:47:50,160
Most of that will have to wait 
till next time, but here's where

3241
02:47:50,160 --> 02:47:51,480
we get to at least introduce 
them. 

3242
02:47:51,840 --> 02:47:55,680
Although also, by the way, 
Aristophanes, the father of 

3243
02:47:55,680 --> 02:48:00,000
comedy, died in this year 385 or
maybe 386. 

3244
02:48:00,320 --> 02:48:03,720
We still have 11 of his plays in
in modern times. 

3245
02:48:04,280 --> 02:48:07,560
He was a master of satire. 
He was maybe the first ever like

3246
02:48:07,560 --> 02:48:11,400
famous successful satirist. 
His plays were so good and 

3247
02:48:11,400 --> 02:48:14,720
satire had so much power in this
era that he could turn public 

3248
02:48:14,720 --> 02:48:20,840
opinion about kings, leaders, 
anybody with his playwriting. 

3249
02:48:21,480 --> 02:48:25,600
Plato blamed Aristophanes in 
part for the death of Socrates 

3250
02:48:25,600 --> 02:48:29,680
because Aristophanes portrayed 
Socrates in a way that was not 

3251
02:48:29,680 --> 02:48:33,040
very friendly, and that helped 
lead to Socrates getting charged

3252
02:48:33,040 --> 02:48:35,680
with blasphemy, which led to his
execution. 

3253
02:48:36,240 --> 02:48:38,680
So whoa, yes, we got the 
philosophers getting mixed in 

3254
02:48:38,680 --> 02:48:39,840
here. 
Philosophers and playwrights are

3255
02:48:39,840 --> 02:48:42,480
getting mixed in here, but 
they're mixed in directly in 

3256
02:48:42,480 --> 02:48:44,440
politics, directly impacting 
these things we're talking 

3257
02:48:44,440 --> 02:48:47,160
about. 
So for some reason it just allow

3258
02:48:47,160 --> 02:48:48,040
us. 
Didn't lead. 

3259
02:48:48,040 --> 02:48:50,160
The Spartan army that went to 
Mantinea. 

3260
02:48:50,320 --> 02:48:53,440
Maybe because he wanted to keep 
a distance, maybe because he had

3261
02:48:53,440 --> 02:48:59,040
been censured for his direct 
anger at Thebes, his non Spartan

3262
02:48:59,040 --> 02:49:02,200
like his vendetta against 
thieves, which is not not good. 

3263
02:49:02,560 --> 02:49:05,760
And talcatus. 
The diplomat once accused a 

3264
02:49:05,760 --> 02:49:09,560
disallowers of breaking a a 
Spartan tenet of war, which was 

3265
02:49:09,560 --> 02:49:12,400
like you sure we're certainly 
paying we're certainly paying 

3266
02:49:12,400 --> 02:49:16,320
them a a lot to teach them a 
lesson, which is an underhanded 

3267
02:49:16,320 --> 02:49:19,560
way of referring to Sparta's 
rule, which is Sparta's not 

3268
02:49:19,560 --> 02:49:21,640
supposed to make by their own 
constitution. 

3269
02:49:22,040 --> 02:49:25,520
They're not supposed to make war
on the same country or same city

3270
02:49:25,880 --> 02:49:30,480
too many times in a short period
of time because that country 

3271
02:49:30,480 --> 02:49:33,360
will then get tougher and learn 
how to fight Sparta. 

3272
02:49:33,360 --> 02:49:35,120
If you fight them a bunch of 
times, they're going to adapt 

3273
02:49:35,120 --> 02:49:37,560
against you. 
Don't teach them, don't give 

3274
02:49:37,560 --> 02:49:41,680
them lessons in warfare too 
often or your neighbors will be 

3275
02:49:41,680 --> 02:49:43,560
good at fighting. 
So it's Sparta has this very 

3276
02:49:43,560 --> 02:49:46,240
long term plan about making sure
they're still the best. 

3277
02:49:47,040 --> 02:49:49,600
So this started to break down in
this era because you had a lot 

3278
02:49:49,600 --> 02:49:53,360
of these indecisive skirmishes 
that made Sparta look like maybe

3279
02:49:53,360 --> 02:49:55,080
they weren't quite as strong as 
they look like they weren't 

3280
02:49:55,080 --> 02:49:57,720
getting beaten, but they weren't
exactly dominating either. 

3281
02:49:58,280 --> 02:50:01,160
So here we go. 
At Mansinea, it's Agisepolis, 

3282
02:50:01,200 --> 02:50:05,520
the young king, the second king,
the one that came of age during 

3283
02:50:05,520 --> 02:50:08,320
this era that Agisilaos has been
putting his hooks into. 

3284
02:50:08,360 --> 02:50:11,800
So Agisilaos is probably 
dictating a lot of what happens 

3285
02:50:11,800 --> 02:50:14,440
next. 
So Agisopolis shows up with his 

3286
02:50:14,440 --> 02:50:16,320
with his army. 
He's probably in his mid to late

3287
02:50:16,320 --> 02:50:19,040
20s at this point. 
He leads the army to Mantinea. 

3288
02:50:19,040 --> 02:50:21,360
It's only 50 miles from Sparta, 
so it's close by. 

3289
02:50:22,840 --> 02:50:24,680
He had a plan, Mantinea. 
Just like. 

3290
02:50:25,040 --> 02:50:27,480
We're not coming out, we're 
staying in our walls, taunting 

3291
02:50:27,480 --> 02:50:30,360
them from atop the walls like 
they're the French knigates from

3292
02:50:30,360 --> 02:50:34,720
Monty Python. 
But I just suppose had a plan or

3293
02:50:34,720 --> 02:50:37,120
maybe it was a plan given to him
by I just allow us. 

3294
02:50:37,520 --> 02:50:40,320
Either way, it's the rains of 
Castamere and one of many 

3295
02:50:40,320 --> 02:50:42,120
reasons why I just allow us is 
Tywin. 

3296
02:50:42,560 --> 02:50:46,720
He diverted the river Ophis, 
which was nearby, into the 

3297
02:50:46,720 --> 02:50:48,560
walls. 
You might be saying, well, what 

3298
02:50:48,560 --> 02:50:49,880
good would that do? 
They're walls. 

3299
02:50:49,880 --> 02:50:51,480
They're stone. 
They're not stone. 

3300
02:50:51,760 --> 02:50:57,680
This is 385 BC. 
They were mud brick walls. 

3301
02:50:57,760 --> 02:51:00,520
The lower part was was brick, 
the upper part of stone. 

3302
02:51:01,200 --> 02:51:04,600
So the water slowly undermined 
the walls and they collapsed. 

3303
02:51:05,120 --> 02:51:07,200
We're given a different version 
of the story where their 

3304
02:51:07,200 --> 02:51:10,880
Mantinea then came off, came out
to fight, or whether the walls 

3305
02:51:10,880 --> 02:51:13,560
were still partly in place and 
they held out a little longer. 

3306
02:51:13,960 --> 02:51:16,320
Either way, the flooding 
continued and either way it came

3307
02:51:16,320 --> 02:51:18,360
to a battle. 
Eventually they had to fight, 

3308
02:51:18,640 --> 02:51:21,160
and the Thebans were the Shin 
this time. 

3309
02:51:21,160 --> 02:51:25,160
So the Thebans were facing down 
the best of the Arcadians slash 

3310
02:51:25,160 --> 02:51:30,760
Mantenaeans, while Josephilis 
fought the weaker side of those 

3311
02:51:30,760 --> 02:51:36,000
foes, our burgeoning heroes, 
Palopitas and Epaminondas. 

3312
02:51:36,240 --> 02:51:39,520
Epaminondas was is interesting 
in part because he was a very 

3313
02:51:39,520 --> 02:51:43,520
high minded, very philosophical.
He's our Corin half Stannis. 

3314
02:51:44,040 --> 02:51:45,520
That's the best I can describe 
him right now. 

3315
02:51:45,520 --> 02:51:47,760
The rest will just be have to 
come from describing his deeds. 

3316
02:51:47,960 --> 02:51:51,480
Palopitus, as I've said a few 
times, is our Brandon Stark, son

3317
02:51:51,480 --> 02:51:55,600
of our brother of Ned. 
So these two are standing near 

3318
02:51:55,600 --> 02:51:58,640
each other, they're fighting and
because they're the Shin and 

3319
02:51:58,880 --> 02:52:03,000
they're facing the enemy's best,
they're theben friends. 

3320
02:52:03,000 --> 02:52:05,320
They're they're patriots start 
to run. 

3321
02:52:05,320 --> 02:52:07,880
They start to run away, but he 
Pam Anandis and pull Pullopitus 

3322
02:52:07,880 --> 02:52:10,440
are like that's not their thing.
They mess up their vibe. 

3323
02:52:10,440 --> 02:52:13,440
They don't run. 
So they they stand there ground,

3324
02:52:13,840 --> 02:52:16,920
they're surrounded. 
A bunch of bodies are lying 

3325
02:52:16,920 --> 02:52:20,120
there. 
Palopitus gets hit by a spear, 

3326
02:52:20,120 --> 02:52:23,640
then another, then another. 
He gets hit seven times and 

3327
02:52:23,640 --> 02:52:25,720
finally passes. 
He fall, he collapses. 

3328
02:52:25,720 --> 02:52:27,840
He collapses on a peep of 
bodies. 

3329
02:52:28,160 --> 02:52:29,440
He's probably going to bleed 
out. 

3330
02:52:30,080 --> 02:52:33,360
The Paminanda stands his ground.
He gets wounded as well. 

3331
02:52:33,360 --> 02:52:35,640
He gets hit in the chest with 
the spear, gets hit in the arm 

3332
02:52:35,640 --> 02:52:39,000
with a sword, and he he's still 
holding his ground, though he 

3333
02:52:39,000 --> 02:52:41,480
will not back down. 
He won't give up the body. 

3334
02:52:41,880 --> 02:52:43,680
And remember how important 
bodies are. 

3335
02:52:43,960 --> 02:52:46,560
Recovering bodies and giving 
them a proper barrier is a huge 

3336
02:52:46,560 --> 02:52:48,440
deal. 
There was a battle in the in the

3337
02:52:48,760 --> 02:52:51,440
Peloponnesian War where in a 
naval battle where the Athenian 

3338
02:52:51,440 --> 02:52:54,640
generals won but they did not 
properly click the bodies. 

3339
02:52:55,000 --> 02:52:58,760
Six of them were executed by the
Athenian damos for that. 

3340
02:52:58,760 --> 02:53:00,640
That's how big of a of a problem
it was. 

3341
02:53:01,280 --> 02:53:07,520
So Agesepolis one on his portion
of the battlefield crushed their

3342
02:53:07,520 --> 02:53:10,560
the line that they were facing 
and moved towards the 

3343
02:53:10,560 --> 02:53:15,960
beleaguered Thebans and rescued 
Epaminondas and those other few 

3344
02:53:15,960 --> 02:53:18,760
that were with him. 
Pelopitus managed to survive. 

3345
02:53:19,000 --> 02:53:22,400
He was grateful to Epaminondas 
and this forged an important 

3346
02:53:22,400 --> 02:53:26,080
friendship. 
Pelopitus was the the headstrong

3347
02:53:26,320 --> 02:53:31,680
passionate guy, like I said, 
ragey, you know, kind of a guy 

3348
02:53:31,680 --> 02:53:36,760
that thought ask, you know act 
first, ask questions later. 

3349
02:53:36,760 --> 02:53:38,560
You know that kind of guy. 
Pam Anand is very thoughtful, 

3350
02:53:38,720 --> 02:53:43,440
both of them very capable 
warriors, very brave, very 

3351
02:53:43,440 --> 02:53:47,480
patriotic thebans, but different
in a lot of ways. 

3352
02:53:47,480 --> 02:53:50,560
You Pam Anandis has self 
enforced. 

3353
02:53:50,560 --> 02:53:53,160
Poverty Fallopidus. 
Inherited in the state from his 

3354
02:53:53,160 --> 02:53:56,120
father, but he gave all his 
money to poor people. 

3355
02:53:56,120 --> 02:53:57,720
He did not manage his own 
estate. 

3356
02:53:57,720 --> 02:54:00,840
He just gave it away. 
He just used his estate as a 

3357
02:54:00,840 --> 02:54:06,760
means to empower poor thebans 
and to just be a good citizen. 

3358
02:54:07,120 --> 02:54:12,280
He's a very likable guy, brave 
leader, gives to the poor, 

3359
02:54:12,280 --> 02:54:14,880
etcetera. 
The Pam Anandis, arguably even 

3360
02:54:14,880 --> 02:54:16,560
more likeable with the two of 
them together. 

3361
02:54:16,960 --> 02:54:18,080
Yeah. 
There's so much more they're 

3362
02:54:18,080 --> 02:54:20,400
going to do and I'm excited to 
tell you all later about it. 

3363
02:54:20,800 --> 02:54:25,320
This The penalty for Manzania 
was to separate the town. 

3364
02:54:25,320 --> 02:54:30,040
They had to break into four 
different villages and be 

3365
02:54:30,040 --> 02:54:32,080
considered separate. 
Eventually. 

3366
02:54:32,080 --> 02:54:34,560
They got back together that, but
it would be a ways away. 

3367
02:54:35,040 --> 02:54:37,440
That's a penalty. 
This is a penalty for violating 

3368
02:54:37,440 --> 02:54:40,080
the King's peace. 
We get sort of an idea of how 

3369
02:54:40,080 --> 02:54:43,080
it's going to work. 
Violate the King's peace, lose 

3370
02:54:43,080 --> 02:54:46,720
your walls, and get split into 
individual communities after you

3371
02:54:46,720 --> 02:54:51,480
know you're losing a lot of your
male soldiers. 384 was also. 

3372
02:54:51,480 --> 02:54:54,440
The 99th Olympiad. 
The first Olympiad under the 

3373
02:54:54,440 --> 02:54:57,600
King's Peace. 
By the way, Plato founded his 

3374
02:54:57,600 --> 02:55:00,320
Academy. 
The famous Academy of Plato 

3375
02:55:00,320 --> 02:55:05,760
founded the following year 383 
The naked Sprint was won by Dick

3376
02:55:05,760 --> 02:55:09,480
on of Syracuse who won the boys 
naked race back in 388. 

3377
02:55:09,960 --> 02:55:13,600
The double Stadion was also won 
by Dick on. 

3378
02:55:13,600 --> 02:55:15,240
What the hell, this guy was 
really fast. 

3379
02:55:15,760 --> 02:55:19,800
He may have also won the 
haplodromos, which was a not 

3380
02:55:19,800 --> 02:55:23,560
naked foot race where you wore 
full heavy infantry armor and 

3381
02:55:23,560 --> 02:55:25,840
ran in that. 
So that's got to be really hard.

3382
02:55:26,240 --> 02:55:30,520
The long distance run, which was
also naked, was run by Satades 

3383
02:55:30,520 --> 02:55:35,600
of Crete, boxing by Demoxadenus 
of Manilos, wrestling by 

3384
02:55:35,600 --> 02:55:40,280
Narcotus of Phigalia. 
The pentathlon, now the 

3385
02:55:40,280 --> 02:55:43,120
pentathlon. 
According to Aristotle, the 

3386
02:55:43,120 --> 02:55:46,120
pentathletes are the most 
beautiful of all the athletes 

3387
02:55:47,960 --> 02:55:50,480
because they do. 
Five different events, I guess. 

3388
02:55:50,480 --> 02:55:53,160
And so they're they're getting 
beautiful for five different 

3389
02:55:53,160 --> 02:55:56,080
types of exercise. 
Those exercises are the long 

3390
02:55:56,080 --> 02:55:59,440
jump, the discus, the javelin 
wrestling and the the naked 

3391
02:55:59,440 --> 02:56:01,840
Sprint. 
This was one by Hisman of Ellis,

3392
02:56:01,840 --> 02:56:06,040
another Elysian. 
The four hole horse race was we 

3393
02:56:06,040 --> 02:56:07,960
don't know who won the main one,
but the four horse. 

3394
02:56:08,200 --> 02:56:10,760
Race. 
Of Colts was won by Eurabatos of

3395
02:56:10,760 --> 02:56:14,200
Sparta. 
The famous Athenian orator 

3396
02:56:14,360 --> 02:56:18,800
Lyceus gave a speech kicking off
the Olympics. 

3397
02:56:19,200 --> 02:56:23,440
This is a highly respected man. 
He was an orator, as I said, and

3398
02:56:23,440 --> 02:56:26,640
he was partly respected because 
of this succinctness and 

3399
02:56:26,760 --> 02:56:29,120
plainness of his speech. 
He could have been Spartan, 

3400
02:56:29,280 --> 02:56:32,160
given how he was very succinct. 
And yeah, I don't know if he was

3401
02:56:32,160 --> 02:56:34,000
laconic, but he kept his speech 
simple. 

3402
02:56:34,800 --> 02:56:37,000
He may have been in his 70s at 
this time. 

3403
02:56:37,160 --> 02:56:40,920
He gave this opening speech. 
He preached about Heracles, who 

3404
02:56:40,920 --> 02:56:45,000
founded the Olympics. 
Heracles founded the Olympics to

3405
02:56:45,000 --> 02:56:47,560
support and foster. 
Greek. 

3406
02:56:47,560 --> 02:56:50,520
Unity. 
Lyceus wanted to remind everyone

3407
02:56:50,520 --> 02:56:54,880
there of the importance of Greek
unity and to remind everybody of

3408
02:56:55,040 --> 02:56:57,800
the person that also wanted that
Heracles, who they now worship 

3409
02:56:57,800 --> 02:56:59,600
as a God, especially the 
Thebans. 

3410
02:57:00,240 --> 02:57:02,960
He spoke out against the tyrant 
Dionysius. 

3411
02:57:03,360 --> 02:57:06,720
Yes, Dionysius, not Dionysius. 
Dionysius of Syracuse. 

3412
02:57:07,000 --> 02:57:10,440
Syracuse is a Greek place, 
hasn't had any part thing to do 

3413
02:57:10,440 --> 02:57:12,760
with our story at this point in 
the world. 

3414
02:57:12,840 --> 02:57:17,440
Southern Italy is part of 
Greece, it's Grecian Rome and 

3415
02:57:17,440 --> 02:57:19,200
the rest of Italy hadn't taken 
it yet. 

3416
02:57:19,720 --> 02:57:21,440
And Syracuse was also very 
Greek. 

3417
02:57:21,760 --> 02:57:25,160
So a lot of the Greek world was 
ruled by the tyrant of Syracuse,

3418
02:57:25,160 --> 02:57:28,120
this Dionysius guy, and Lyceus 
was speaking out against him. 

3419
02:57:28,680 --> 02:57:32,440
Dionysius had sent a bunch of 
athletes and they were richly 

3420
02:57:32,440 --> 02:57:34,240
decorated. 
They were given bribes. 

3421
02:57:34,240 --> 02:57:37,000
They were probably entering this
the horse races with multiple 

3422
02:57:37,000 --> 02:57:41,440
times and his horses were 
decorated in gold and it a lot 

3423
02:57:41,440 --> 02:57:45,320
of Greeks were disgusted. 
They didn't really. 

3424
02:57:45,400 --> 02:57:48,360
They weren't even sure that he 
should be allowed to compete. 

3425
02:57:49,160 --> 02:57:52,280
Also, he spoke out against 
Persian control for very similar

3426
02:57:52,280 --> 02:57:53,680
reasons. 
It's just as worse. 

3427
02:57:53,680 --> 02:57:57,560
At least Dionysius is Greek. 
But Persian control over Greece,

3428
02:57:57,560 --> 02:58:00,480
it's disgusting, it's unmanly, 
it's UN Greek. 

3429
02:58:00,760 --> 02:58:05,320
How can we allow Persia to 
dominate us like this? 

3430
02:58:05,560 --> 02:58:09,640
They're inflicting this peace on
us, this unmanly peace that we 

3431
02:58:09,640 --> 02:58:12,880
didn't earn ourselves. 
He's really riling the crowd up.

3432
02:58:12,880 --> 02:58:15,120
People are mad. 
People are agreeing. 

3433
02:58:15,120 --> 02:58:17,480
They're amending him. 
Whatever Greek Amen is, they're 

3434
02:58:17,480 --> 02:58:21,880
saying it. 
So he's calling on unity, but 

3435
02:58:21,880 --> 02:58:25,360
stirring up, you know, anger. 
And it's kind of an interesting 

3436
02:58:25,360 --> 02:58:27,880
way to do, you know, it's like a
kind of a little of column A, 

3437
02:58:27,880 --> 02:58:30,920
little of column B. 
This guy Lyceus is pretty 

3438
02:58:30,920 --> 02:58:35,880
interesting. 
We have 34 of his speeches still

3439
02:58:35,880 --> 02:58:39,840
around, including this one. 
I didn't look it up. 

3440
02:58:39,840 --> 02:58:41,480
I mean, it's not just out there 
to read. 

3441
02:58:41,480 --> 02:58:44,240
You got to. 
It's, it's a obscure source. 

3442
02:58:44,240 --> 02:58:45,080
You got to find it. 
I don't. 

3443
02:58:45,120 --> 02:58:46,520
I don't even know where I would 
get it. 

3444
02:58:46,520 --> 02:58:49,400
Might be probably for academics 
only or whenever. 

3445
02:58:49,840 --> 02:58:51,680
It's definitely not just on the 
Internet. 

3446
02:58:52,840 --> 02:58:57,080
But yeah, Lyceus, you could read
his speeches, 34 of them. 

3447
02:58:57,120 --> 02:59:00,800
How cool is that? 
This brings us all the way back 

3448
02:59:01,080 --> 02:59:03,560
to the start. 
This is where we'll leave it 

3449
02:59:03,560 --> 02:59:05,800
with Foibadas seizing the 
cadmium of thieves. 

3450
02:59:05,800 --> 02:59:08,840
Remember I told you that it was 
weird for a Spartan sub 

3451
02:59:08,840 --> 02:59:11,560
commander to do that and I was 
probably just allow us and we 

3452
02:59:11,560 --> 02:59:13,680
went through a lot of reasons 
why I just allow us hates 

3453
02:59:13,680 --> 02:59:15,640
thieves and why he would be 
motivated to do that. 

3454
02:59:15,800 --> 02:59:19,680
But what we didn't mention was 
the King's peace. 

3455
02:59:20,280 --> 02:59:23,720
Sparta violated its own 
agreement. 

3456
02:59:23,720 --> 02:59:27,160
The only the thing it was in 
charge of enforcing it violated.

3457
02:59:27,560 --> 02:59:31,720
So when Foibadas was not 
penalized, when he was released,

3458
02:59:31,720 --> 02:59:36,280
it was The hypocrisy was even 
bigger than I first let on, 

3459
02:59:36,360 --> 02:59:38,440
because not only was he not 
punished, not only did they 

3460
02:59:38,440 --> 02:59:44,560
violate the King's peace, not 
only did they censure Foibidas. 

3461
02:59:44,600 --> 02:59:48,240
So they said it was a bad. 
Thing to do they didn't give it 

3462
02:59:48,240 --> 02:59:54,480
back they kept it so hypocrisy 
and justice treaty violations 

3463
02:59:54,840 --> 02:59:58,680
and you can see why I just allow
his kept his distance from the 

3464
02:59:58,680 --> 03:00:01,800
seizure of the Kadmea and maybe 
kept his distance from the. 

3465
03:00:02,240 --> 03:00:06,760
Melting of Mantania's walls 
because it's too obvious that he

3466
03:00:06,760 --> 03:00:09,560
might be behind these so he's 
got to keep a little distance 

3467
03:00:09,560 --> 03:00:13,280
from it and he remember he's the
one that oversaw the breaking up

3468
03:00:13,280 --> 03:00:16,000
of the Boichian League. 
Thebes is a close by neighbors 

3469
03:00:16,000 --> 03:00:18,840
that were their allies. 
So he just is done so much 

3470
03:00:19,000 --> 03:00:23,600
against Thebes after all the 
humiliations they piled up on 

3471
03:00:23,600 --> 03:00:26,160
him, after forcing him to come 
back from Asia, after throwing 

3472
03:00:26,160 --> 03:00:31,000
off his sacrifice that made him 
look like Agamemnon, after all 

3473
03:00:31,000 --> 03:00:34,680
the after all the business 
before that with the marching in

3474
03:00:34,680 --> 03:00:37,800
into into Greece and all that. 
There's so many different things

3475
03:00:37,800 --> 03:00:41,120
they embarrassed him on he. 
I didn't forget. 

3476
03:00:41,160 --> 03:00:43,920
I mean, this is Tywin. 
Do you think Tywin was done when

3477
03:00:43,920 --> 03:00:45,640
he when he embarrasses his 
enemies? 

3478
03:00:46,000 --> 03:00:47,960
Tywin wasn't done when with the 
Red Wedding. 

3479
03:00:48,800 --> 03:00:50,840
He had more to do. 
There's still enemies to beat. 

3480
03:00:50,840 --> 03:00:53,440
There's still more insults to 
pile on. 

3481
03:00:53,440 --> 03:00:55,520
There's still more pride of his 
own to advance. 

3482
03:00:55,680 --> 03:00:58,760
That wasn't the end of it, nor 
was it for a disallows. 

3483
03:00:59,760 --> 03:01:01,840
To make the hypocrisy even 
worse. 

3484
03:01:02,560 --> 03:01:05,080
The reason Forbidas was passing 
by thieves. 

3485
03:01:05,080 --> 03:01:07,360
We told you that he was bringing
a relief force. 

3486
03:01:07,640 --> 03:01:09,280
Who is he bringing a relief 
force to? 

3487
03:01:09,680 --> 03:01:14,240
To the city of Olympus. 
Olympus was the head of the 

3488
03:01:14,240 --> 03:01:16,720
Chalkadian league. 
The Chalkadian league is 

3489
03:01:16,720 --> 03:01:20,560
northern Grecian states. 
They had a a league like many 

3490
03:01:20,560 --> 03:01:22,400
Greek states had a league, the 
Boesian league, the 

3491
03:01:22,400 --> 03:01:24,000
Peloponnesian league, the Delian
league. 

3492
03:01:24,160 --> 03:01:27,760
Greek was Greece was all about 
leagues in this era, but the 

3493
03:01:28,800 --> 03:01:29,760
Spartans? 
Didn't. 

3494
03:01:29,760 --> 03:01:35,120
Like the Chalkadean League, 
they're like, we are coming for 

3495
03:01:35,120 --> 03:01:36,480
you. 
Why? 

3496
03:01:37,160 --> 03:01:40,760
There was another thin pretext 
to start a war. 

3497
03:01:41,320 --> 03:01:43,120
The Chalkadean League. 
You're not supposed to have 

3498
03:01:43,120 --> 03:01:46,520
leagues under the King's piece, 
but they had had it all this 

3499
03:01:46,520 --> 03:01:51,320
time and no one cared. 
But the king of Macedonia had an

3500
03:01:51,320 --> 03:01:52,960
agreement with the Chalkadean 
League. 

3501
03:01:53,480 --> 03:01:57,240
He said, hey, hold on to some of
my territory temporarily while I

3502
03:01:57,240 --> 03:02:01,240
go fight this war and when I'm 
done, you give me the territory 

3503
03:02:01,240 --> 03:02:03,600
back, I'll join your league and 
we'll all be allies. 

3504
03:02:03,720 --> 03:02:06,320
They said cool. 
He went off and did that and 

3505
03:02:06,320 --> 03:02:08,520
he's like, OK, I'm joining your 
league, give me back my 

3506
03:02:08,520 --> 03:02:10,880
territory. 
They're like, Nah, you can join 

3507
03:02:10,880 --> 03:02:12,400
our league, but we're not giving
back your territory. 

3508
03:02:12,840 --> 03:02:17,480
So he went and told Sparta and 
Sparta's like, that's not cool. 

3509
03:02:17,680 --> 03:02:20,320
So that's their pretext for 
attacking Olympus. 

3510
03:02:20,320 --> 03:02:21,600
They didn't want them to have a 
league. 

3511
03:02:21,600 --> 03:02:23,520
They didn't want them to get 
more powerful because they just 

3512
03:02:23,520 --> 03:02:28,280
claimed of several of Macedon's 
cities here and they wanted to 

3513
03:02:28,280 --> 03:02:30,960
have him in toss the third the 
Macedonian king that was a good 

3514
03:02:30,960 --> 03:02:34,520
ally for them to have. 
So in other words, they were. 

3515
03:02:34,520 --> 03:02:38,640
Marching on Olympus. 
To attack them for very thin 

3516
03:02:38,640 --> 03:02:40,440
pretext. 
So they were also violating the 

3517
03:02:40,440 --> 03:02:43,760
King's peace before they 
violated the King's. 

3518
03:02:43,760 --> 03:02:45,800
Peace with Floyd, badass. 
'S sneak attack. 

3519
03:02:46,000 --> 03:02:49,240
He was marching to further 
violate the King's peace and on 

3520
03:02:49,240 --> 03:02:52,480
his way to violate the King's 
peace, he violated the King's 

3521
03:02:52,480 --> 03:02:55,240
peace in a different way. 
And it was probably it just 

3522
03:02:55,240 --> 03:02:58,920
allow us behind all of it. 
And again it just allow us held.

3523
03:02:58,920 --> 03:03:01,280
Back because. 
You know he can't be the one to 

3524
03:03:01,280 --> 03:03:02,440
be seen breaking the King's 
peace. 

3525
03:03:02,600 --> 03:03:07,160
If this rogue operator breaks 
the King's peace, well, that's 

3526
03:03:07,160 --> 03:03:08,960
not a good enough. 
Reason for Persia to. 

3527
03:03:08,960 --> 03:03:12,200
Start a whole war if their king 
does, Yeah, that's a reason. 

3528
03:03:12,200 --> 03:03:15,080
But if just this Garrison 
commander, we're not going to 

3529
03:03:15,080 --> 03:03:17,120
start a war over a Garrison 
commander, are we? 

3530
03:03:17,680 --> 03:03:18,440
Clever. 
Clever. 

3531
03:03:18,440 --> 03:03:23,040
It just allow us now one other 
little mention that that escaped

3532
03:03:23,040 --> 03:03:26,280
us here is it just allows his 
half brother to Luteus was 

3533
03:03:26,280 --> 03:03:28,240
involved in that Olympian 
campaign fighting the 

3534
03:03:28,240 --> 03:03:29,600
Chalkaudian League and he was 
killed. 

3535
03:03:29,920 --> 03:03:34,840
So that's another reason that he
was mad because his half brother

3536
03:03:34,840 --> 03:03:39,240
was killed in that conflict. 
So this is the state of northern

3537
03:03:39,240 --> 03:03:42,560
Greece at this time. 
It's a buffer to the northern 

3538
03:03:42,560 --> 03:03:44,640
kingdoms that I've only barely 
touched on. 

3539
03:03:44,640 --> 03:03:47,840
Remember I said at the beginning
that Greece, this is the end of 

3540
03:03:47,840 --> 03:03:49,840
Grecian independence. 
This story that we're building 

3541
03:03:49,840 --> 03:03:52,960
up to, we're showing you how 
Greece has torn itself apart. 

3542
03:03:52,960 --> 03:03:58,800
Building up to that and breaking
about the Chalka Dean League is 

3543
03:03:58,800 --> 03:04:00,520
kind of an accident. 
Sparta doesn't realize what 

3544
03:04:00,520 --> 03:04:02,560
they've done. 
They've weakened the northern 

3545
03:04:02,560 --> 03:04:06,480
border, which opens up to 
anybody, whoever could be 

3546
03:04:06,480 --> 03:04:07,600
invading. 
From the north. 

3547
03:04:07,600 --> 03:04:09,880
Whoever it might be, whether 
it's a nearby neighbor, whether 

3548
03:04:09,880 --> 03:04:11,880
it's somebody far away, whether 
it's Persia, whether it's 

3549
03:04:11,880 --> 03:04:14,240
someone from the West, which we 
haven't really discussed at all,

3550
03:04:14,840 --> 03:04:17,440
they have an easier time of it. 
That's what we started with, 

3551
03:04:17,440 --> 03:04:20,040
saying Greece should be more 
worried about their neighbors to

3552
03:04:20,040 --> 03:04:22,680
the north, their threats to the 
north, than they are with 

3553
03:04:22,680 --> 03:04:24,520
fighting each other. 
And the fighting each other is 

3554
03:04:24,520 --> 03:04:27,640
what's going to screw them. 
And this is a big milestone in 

3555
03:04:27,640 --> 03:04:29,320
that, a great place for us to 
end. 

3556
03:04:29,760 --> 03:04:31,640
Even though it's not where I 
intended us to end, it's a great

3557
03:04:31,640 --> 03:04:35,080
place for it because this is 
going to have dire consequences.

3558
03:04:35,160 --> 03:04:37,680
Sparta thinks they're defending 
Greece, they're holding it 

3559
03:04:37,680 --> 03:04:39,920
together, but they're actually 
weakening it. 

3560
03:04:40,240 --> 03:04:44,120
To them, this threat isn't as 
big because northern Greece, 

3561
03:04:44,520 --> 03:04:46,640
that's pretty far away. 
They're on the pretty much the 

3562
03:04:46,640 --> 03:04:48,280
farthest southern part of 
Greece. 

3563
03:04:48,280 --> 03:04:50,360
So it's that's just so far away 
to them. 

3564
03:04:50,560 --> 03:04:51,920
So they can kind of ignore it, 
right? 

3565
03:04:52,680 --> 03:04:59,200
Wrong. 
In Part 2, what we will have is,

3566
03:04:59,200 --> 03:05:05,920
well, you saw me talk about 
Plutarch's Chosen 25. 

3567
03:05:06,280 --> 03:05:08,680
Many of them are in this 
episode, but only our Prince 

3568
03:05:08,680 --> 03:05:11,040
Damon candidate Lysander is 
dead. 

3569
03:05:11,400 --> 03:05:15,160
All the rest are still alive. 
Plus more that need to enter the

3570
03:05:15,160 --> 03:05:17,400
story. 
We need to find out what 

3571
03:05:17,400 --> 03:05:19,800
happened. 
What happens to Artaxerxes that 

3572
03:05:19,800 --> 03:05:23,720
just allow us Tirabasis the 
balancer Parasatus, the Cersei, 

3573
03:05:23,840 --> 03:05:26,280
the return of Farnabasis the 
paymaster? 

3574
03:05:26,680 --> 03:05:28,800
What about Palopitus and 
Epaminondas? 

3575
03:05:28,800 --> 03:05:31,400
Our Corin half Stannis? 
What about our sea snake 

3576
03:05:31,400 --> 03:05:33,360
Cabrius? 
We barely touched on him too. 

3577
03:05:33,920 --> 03:05:37,480
There's a new Spartan Kingdom 
will rise as well. 

3578
03:05:37,480 --> 03:05:39,600
But before it just allows us out
of the picture and it just 

3579
03:05:39,600 --> 03:05:42,040
allows us got a while left. 
We've barely talked about if 

3580
03:05:42,040 --> 03:05:45,040
thicker tease the innovator too.
And like I said, two more 

3581
03:05:45,040 --> 03:05:47,800
Plutarch's 25 chosen parallel 
lives are going to enter the 

3582
03:05:47,800 --> 03:05:51,440
story as well. 
Plus the sacred Band of Thebes. 

3583
03:05:51,880 --> 03:05:55,680
Let me give you a brief teaser 
on the sacred band of Thebes. 

3584
03:05:55,880 --> 03:06:02,160
They are 300 men, 150 pairs of 
lovers, right, 300 guys each 

3585
03:06:02,240 --> 03:06:07,200
pairs of lovers. 
That was the theben like peak of

3586
03:06:07,200 --> 03:06:13,480
their ideal as warriors like you
will not shame your lover in 

3587
03:06:13,480 --> 03:06:15,440
combat. 
That's the last guy you would 

3588
03:06:15,720 --> 03:06:20,200
look bad in front of cause male 
male Love Is All about in 

3589
03:06:20,200 --> 03:06:21,560
Greece. 
It all is all about looking 

3590
03:06:21,560 --> 03:06:24,160
great, looking brave and being 
strong and being warlike because

3591
03:06:24,160 --> 03:06:26,960
that's those are the peak of, 
of, of masculinity. 

3592
03:06:27,240 --> 03:06:30,600
And thus you would never do 
anything not masculine in front 

3593
03:06:30,600 --> 03:06:33,120
of your lover, your beloved, the
guy you love the most, the 

3594
03:06:33,120 --> 03:06:36,120
person you love the most in this
world that you want to look good

3595
03:06:36,120 --> 03:06:38,280
in front of. 
You would never shame them by 

3596
03:06:38,280 --> 03:06:40,240
running away. 
You would always fight your 

3597
03:06:40,240 --> 03:06:42,000
hardest. 
It's an interesting argument, 

3598
03:06:42,000 --> 03:06:44,160
isn't it? 
Some people fight better for 

3599
03:06:44,160 --> 03:06:45,480
their country. 
Some people fight better for 

3600
03:06:45,480 --> 03:06:47,560
their king. 
Some people fight better for 

3601
03:06:47,560 --> 03:06:49,280
their lover. 
Honestly, that'd be a lot of 

3602
03:06:49,280 --> 03:06:51,520
people. 
It's a different ball game with 

3603
03:06:51,520 --> 03:06:54,280
them right next to you in the 
line with Spears and swords and 

3604
03:06:54,280 --> 03:06:56,360
everything coming right at you. 
That's that's different, but 

3605
03:06:56,360 --> 03:06:59,320
that's part of what makes the 
Sacred Band of Thebes so very 

3606
03:06:59,320 --> 03:07:01,440
interesting. 
So we'll talk about them a lot 

3607
03:07:01,440 --> 03:07:03,160
too. 
We'll talk about the further 

3608
03:07:03,160 --> 03:07:07,400
consequences of the depletion of
the Chaka Dean League will 

3609
03:07:07,400 --> 03:07:10,480
actually tell you who the great 
enemy to the north is going to 

3610
03:07:10,480 --> 03:07:13,280
be and the greater enemy to the 
north 'cause there's two. 

3611
03:07:14,640 --> 03:07:17,400
So yeah, this one was. 
Really fun, really difficult. 

3612
03:07:17,400 --> 03:07:20,440
And longer than I intended, but 
I wanted to do it right. 

3613
03:07:20,440 --> 03:07:21,840
I didn't want to leave anything 
out. 

3614
03:07:22,480 --> 03:07:26,920
But I also was wary of including
too much, which maybe I did. 

3615
03:07:26,920 --> 03:07:31,760
I assume you guys are mostly pro
more context and less, and I 

3616
03:07:31,760 --> 03:07:34,400
think some of these details are 
included are really fun. 

3617
03:07:34,920 --> 03:07:37,400
So tell me how I did. 
Tell me if this was too much or 

3618
03:07:37,400 --> 03:07:38,520
if you like the way I'm doing 
it. 

3619
03:07:38,680 --> 03:07:40,520
Definitely going to have more of
these to follow it up. 

3620
03:07:40,520 --> 03:07:44,000
I want to tell this whole story,
and we'll see how long it takes.

3621
03:07:44,600 --> 03:07:46,440
It's a lot. 
These episodes take more 

3622
03:07:46,440 --> 03:07:49,440
preparation than most because 
I'm studying things that I don't

3623
03:07:49,440 --> 03:07:50,800
know as well as long as Ice and 
Fire. 

3624
03:07:50,800 --> 03:07:52,600
But I love it. 
It's fun to learn these things. 

3625
03:07:52,600 --> 03:07:55,280
It's fun to make these 
parallels, and I think you can 

3626
03:07:55,280 --> 03:07:58,320
tell from my enthusiasm level 
that I'm eager to continue. 

3627
03:07:58,520 --> 03:08:02,520
Lots of hours went into this, 
but they were fun hours, and 

3628
03:08:02,520 --> 03:08:07,280
we'll get back to it next time. 
The trivia question was what? 

3629
03:08:07,280 --> 03:08:09,320
Is the name of. 
The region in which Sparta 

3630
03:08:09,320 --> 03:08:10,640
resides. 
Hint. 

3631
03:08:10,640 --> 03:08:13,320
It's derived from a word that 
means using as few words as 

3632
03:08:13,320 --> 03:08:15,240
possible. 
What's up? 

3633
03:08:16,360 --> 03:08:21,480
Worth noting it's the opposite. 
That word derives its origin 

3634
03:08:21,480 --> 03:08:24,240
from that region. 
It's the inverse. 

3635
03:08:24,720 --> 03:08:26,560
Oh, I'm sorry, you're right. 
I meant to say that you're 

3636
03:08:26,560 --> 03:08:27,200
absolutely right. 
The. 

3637
03:08:27,200 --> 03:08:30,720
Word came from Sparta's region 
here, not the other way around. 

3638
03:08:30,720 --> 03:08:33,480
The word is laconic or Laconia 
is the region. 

3639
03:08:33,880 --> 03:08:36,080
If you've watched The Expanse or
read At The Expanse, you're 

3640
03:08:36,080 --> 03:08:40,240
familiar with the term Laconia. 
The a certain political group 

3641
03:08:40,560 --> 03:08:44,000
named themselves after that. 
Now the the region's also called

3642
03:08:44,000 --> 03:08:46,400
the the people are also called 
the Lacademonians sometimes 

3643
03:08:46,400 --> 03:08:48,400
instead of the Spartans. 
It's kind of an interchangeable 

3644
03:08:48,400 --> 03:08:49,920
term. 
Although Lacademon refers to the

3645
03:08:49,920 --> 03:08:54,120
whole region. 
It's spelled Lace Damon as if as

3646
03:08:54,120 --> 03:08:56,640
if Damon Targaryen was all a 
decked in lace. 

3647
03:08:56,920 --> 03:08:59,360
But it's pronounced Lacademon, 
but it's spelled the same way 

3648
03:08:59,360 --> 03:09:01,760
Lace Damon. 
Is this a picture of Lace Damon?

3649
03:09:01,920 --> 03:09:07,120
That's the idea that I want you 
to leave this episode with Lace 

3650
03:09:07,120 --> 03:09:11,600
Damon mentioned in this episode 
or well, not mentioned in this 

3651
03:09:11,600 --> 03:09:15,120
episode, but related to this 
episode is our episode Rage of 

3652
03:09:15,120 --> 03:09:18,880
Heroes, which was a Valaritas 
world of Ice and fire related 

3653
03:09:18,880 --> 03:09:20,680
episode. 
We did a parallel lives episode 

3654
03:09:20,680 --> 03:09:22,480
inspired by this many, many 
years ago. 

3655
03:09:22,880 --> 03:09:24,200
Got a lot of relevance to this 
one. 

3656
03:09:24,320 --> 03:09:26,240
We we did this song of ice and 
fire in Rome. 

3657
03:09:26,800 --> 03:09:29,520
Not directly related, but it's 
another one of our history and 

3658
03:09:29,520 --> 03:09:31,880
Westeros episodes. 
The black dinner of Scotland, 

3659
03:09:32,160 --> 03:09:35,560
the Wars of the Roses, followed 
up by pretenders and impostors. 

3660
03:09:35,680 --> 03:09:38,560
Those two are companions. 
So yeah, we love doing episodes 

3661
03:09:38,560 --> 03:09:43,080
like this and we are excited 
that you all came for this one. 

3662
03:09:43,640 --> 03:09:46,240
Thank you to everyone that was 
here live. 

3663
03:09:46,240 --> 03:09:49,520
Thank you to all of you on 
Patreon who are members and and 

3664
03:09:49,520 --> 03:09:53,520
support our show and are delving
into many things like this. 

3665
03:09:53,520 --> 03:09:56,440
And of course, our main, A Song 
of Ice and Fire focus on behalf 

3666
03:09:56,440 --> 03:09:58,560
of Ashea. 
I'm Aziz. 

3667
03:09:59,120 --> 03:10:01,680
We'll see you all next time. 
Thanks to Michael Klarfeld as 

3668
03:10:01,680 --> 03:10:04,440
well for our video intro. 
You know Michael Klarfeld, he's 

3669
03:10:04,440 --> 03:10:06,520
a great man, claredax.de. 
You can find that in the 

3670
03:10:06,520 --> 03:10:08,760
description if you want to get 
some of his maps for yourself, 

3671
03:10:09,080 --> 03:10:10,480
Maps like these that are behind 
me. 

3672
03:10:11,160 --> 03:10:14,640
And until next time, Valar 
Rereadus.