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Aaron and Danny, to lifelong 
best friends, take turns picking

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topics. 
Then they see where it ends. 

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So wild. 
It's weird and sometimes 

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specific. 
Whatever it is, you know it will

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be terrific. 
It's hyperfixation time. 

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Hi everyone. 
Welcome back to Hyperfixation 

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Time. 
I'm Aaron. 

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And I'm Danny. 
And it's Danny's week this week.

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So just to recap our podcast, 
basically every week Danny and I

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switch topics. 
The other person doesn't know 

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what it's going to be. 
And it's just something that 

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we're interested in, you know, 
hyper fixated on And it could be

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anything, literally anything. 
Go back and look at some of our 

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episodes. 
They are all over the place, but

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just fun to sort of go down 
those rabbit holes together and 

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learn, learn about the different
things that we're interested in.

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Well, Danny, what is your 
microfixation of the week? 

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OK, so I found a podcast that is
not I don't it's definitely not 

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new, but it's new to me and it's
called was I in a cult? 

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And I think you would like it. 
And so I've been kind of dying 

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to tell you about it because 
I've been like binging listening

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to it. 
And yeah, it's basically these 

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two people that they both were 
in like different cults at some 

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point in their lives themselves.
And then they obviously are no 

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longer in them. 
And they're just kind of like 

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exposing cults and and letting 
people kind of know, like, what 

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to look for, you know, like, 
what's some red flags? 

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Yeah, warning signs. 
And so they interview just a lot

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of different people to get their
life experiences and hear their 

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stories. 
And it's just so interesting. 

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And, you know, a lot of times 
it's really sad because people 

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have experienced some really sad
things revolving their 

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experiences with cults. 
But it's just, it's very 

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interesting. 
And it's it's always fun finding

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a podcast that you enjoy that 
has a giant backlog. 

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So. 
Yeah. 

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Nice, yes that sounds right up 
my alley. 

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Honestly, it's on. 
It's on my list of topics. 

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There's a couple of cult things.
That. 

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I could talk about so each 
sorry, I might have missed it 

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when I was writing it down, but 
each time, each episode it's a 

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different person that they talk 
to from a different cult. 

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Or is it is it just those two 
talking about their experience? 

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So they interview somebody else 
that's experienced life in a 

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cult and basically gain their 
perspective on their cult, and 

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they get to tell their story. 
And it's, yeah, very 

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interesting. 
I love that God cults are so 

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fascinating. 
I know they are. 

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There's so many and just like so
many variations, but then 

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there's like those common 
threads or like themes between 

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them, I feel. 
Yeah, sometimes too. 

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So. 
So I think it's good, you know, 

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they're getting this info out 
there too, so that people 

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hopefully can kind of recognize 
the signs. 

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Yeah, absolutely. 
So for me, rearranging, you 

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could just like randomly 
rearrange things like whether 

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it's your desk, yeah, like your 
dresser top or like, I don't 

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know, that kind of stuff. 
It just switches things up. 

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Yeah. 
I like it. 

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So we rearranged our living room
and I'm also kind of rearranging

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the other living rooms. 
We've got like 2 separate like 

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living areas and we're just kind
of moving things around in those

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spots. 
But like, I rearranged my desk 

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because I got this from my. 
Friend. 

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Boris And so like I wanted that 
on my desk and you know the. 

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Picture. 
It's like an illustration of her

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cat. 
Yeah. 

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You're always good at being 
like. 

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Explain not a. 
Video, only a video, but you 

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know, just it's nice to kind of 
switch things up especially. 

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Like. 
You've been in a place for a 

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while, you know. 
Yeah, totally. 

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It feels refreshing, like you're
almost in a new space, so that's

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cool. 
Yeah, something different. 

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Well, in terms of main topic, I 
did not give you any clues 

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because I didn't know what it 
was going to be. 

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But do you have any guesses that
you just feel like throwing out 

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there? 
I have AI, don't know. 

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We did some of like the 
astrology stuff already. 

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OK. 
Is it food? 

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Is it? 
Yeah. 

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No, no, I didn't. 
It's has to do with language and

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I think you're really going to 
enjoy it. 

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OK. 
All right, right. 

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I'm looking forward to it. 
Let me just pull up so I know I.

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Was just going to say I have a 
feeling that there's somebody 

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maybe joining us. 
Why would you think that? 

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I just have this. 
Feeling. 

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I don't know a language though. 
Who do I? 

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Who do we know that? 
Trying to think. 

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Hello, it's Amy. 
Yay. 

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So I told Aaron that our topic 
today has to do with language, 

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and that is all she knows. 
Okay. 

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Welcome. 
Yes, welcome. 

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Thank you. 
Okay, so first before I get 

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started, I wanted to talk about 
two podcasts that you guys have 

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done already, so like one of 
each of you that I really 

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enjoyed. 
I love that. 

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OK. 
So, right, so Aaron, I I loved 

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the one that you did about like 
the punk rock scene of like the 

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2000s. 
I loved that so much. 

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Yeah, I'm sorry, Pink. 
Like, I think like part of part 

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of what I loved about it, Like, 
I know we've known each other, 

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like, through that whole phase, 
Right. 

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Yeah. 
And so I feel like I remember 

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all of the clothing items that 
each of you brought. 

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Up I. 
Can't literally remember your 

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star shoes, Erin? 
Yeah. 

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I feel like Amy and and Jenny 
remember my star Phase I had 

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like. 
So funny and and your obsession 

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with Paramore. 
Yes, Yep, still strong. 

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Maybe not as strong to this day,
but still pretty strong. 

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So we went to the concert at 
Summerfest, remember? 

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That yeah, we did. 
It's. 

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Like my first concert. 
Fun. 

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One of my first, Yeah, for sure.
That was like my love for. 

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That's where like my love for 
Summerfest, if you like, took 

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off for sure. 
And that was one of our first, 

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like our parents let us go. 
Did any parents like come with 

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us or was it just I? 
Don't know. 

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I don't think so. 
I think it was. 

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Just we were pretty independent 
high schoolers, I feel for a lot

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of things like that. 
And so if listeners haven't 

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gathered yet, Amy is one of our 
friends from high school as 

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well. 
So. 

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Yeah, we've all known each other
for a very long time. 

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Yep. 
Yeah, so I loved going down 

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memory lane. 
Yeah. 

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And then Danny, one of the the 
ones that I liked that you did 

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was the romanticizing your life 
one. 

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Fun. 
Thank you. 

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We love hearing this feedback. 
Yeah. 

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Think about that. 
A lot like, how can I? 

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I still think about that every 
day. 

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It's like, you know? 
One thing that I did, I don't 

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like this is so random but I 
like to romanticize my life. 

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I bought a lamb that can go in 
my shower. 

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That's a great example, love it.
Yeah, no, it's really great. 

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So like at the end of the day 
when I'm taking a shower, even 

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in the morning if I'm showering 
and my husband's still sleeping,

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I can just turn on my lamp and 
just take a chill, relaxing 

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shower. 
So is it just kind of like, is 

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it like a colorful lamp or is it
just kind of like a cozier 

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light? 
Just like a cozier, like a yeah,

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like a soft kind of light and 
yeah, you just like click on a 

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little button and it turns on 
and then you can like recharge 

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it so. 
That's wonderful. 

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Solid. 
I love the callbacks to the 

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episodes. 
So yeah, if anybody's, you know,

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listening and they haven't heard
what Amy's talking about, those 

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are two great episodes to go 
back and listen to for sure 

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those. 2 are doing pretty well 
too. 

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So nice, yes? 
OK. 

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All right. 
So today, Are you ready? 

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Yes, OK. 
So I'm gonna talk about American

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Sign Language. 
I'm so excited. 

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I think you'd like that one. 
OK, I love it. 

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I love it. 
OK, very excited. 

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So tell me. 
Tell me why you're excited about

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it. 
Two reasons. 

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One for a long time I really 
wanted to teach Trimates how to 

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sign. 
I didn't know that. 

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Yeah, and I actually took an ASL
class in college, but it was 

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college, so I just didn't retain
anything. 

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Like it was just this was like 
my least worried about class. 

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So I didn't, I didn't take a lot
with me, but it's always been a 

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goal of mine to keep learning. 
And then my friend Olivia, her 

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wife Grace has a sister Tess, or
she goes by CR sometimes too, 

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who is deaf and has Down 
syndrome. 

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And so she only communicates via
ASL. 

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So when I go and I see her, I 
met her a couple times. 

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And when I hang out with them, I
try to like beforehand prep a 

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little bit so I can talk with 
her just even a little bit, you 

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know, to say hi and whatnot. 
And yeah, it's, I think, cool. 

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We need to know like the basics 
at least, like all of us do. 

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Yeah, well, that's interesting. 
You'll probably know, you might 

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know a lot of this then, because
like I, I learned a lot to and 

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like one, one thing I wanted to 
say in the beginning is like, I 

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am not an expert. 
Like I've never taken a class in

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sign language. 
I don't speak it or know anybody

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that like uses it for their 
primary language. 

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So kind of like Aaron, you 
brought your sister on for POTS,

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which was also a cool episode, 
but and she was like, well, I 

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see a lot of, you know, I'm a 
nurse and I see a lot of people 

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with this, like that is not 
this. 

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This is just like really out of 
like curiosity and some interest

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in the language and, you know, 
just different ways that people 

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communicate. 
I love it, I think. 

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I think that's a, I was just 
going to say, I think that that 

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is a really good way to go about
this because that's essentially 

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how aired and I have treated 
this platform as like, we're 

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just curious about something and
so let's learn about it and talk

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about it as friends. 
So I love it. 

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Yeah, and it's also like, I'm 
not trying to teach anybody 

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about deafness or like being 
deaf. 

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I mean, I'm not trying to like 
be part of a group that I'm not 

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part of, but I've just. 
So I'll be focusing more on like

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the ASL specifically, but it is 
kind of intertwined with deaf 

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culture and just kind of some 
different things around that. 

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So they'll come up later and we 
can chat about it. 

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But OK I got interested in this 
topic because I work in a school

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district and a lot of the people
are the students that I work 

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with. 
Like some of them have hearing 

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impairments or are considered to
be deaf but others just use like

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maybe aren't verbal speakers or 
verbal English speakers. 

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So they would use like a sign or
two just to like communicate a 

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topic like more is a really 
popular one or like help. 

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So I've like picked up like 
certain signs here and there 

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just from working with students 
in the schools. 

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And then another reason that I 
wanted to do like, have you guys

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ever seen the movie Coda? 
No. 

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00:12:02,960 --> 00:12:05,880
Wait, it's so good. 
Couple years ago, right? 

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00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:08,880
Children of death adults, right?
Yeah, yeah. 

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00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:15,400
So I think it's on. 
I think it's on Apple TV. 

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00:12:16,600 --> 00:12:18,680
But anyway, I've watched it a 
couple times and it's like one 

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00:12:18,680 --> 00:12:21,800
of my favorite movies. 
And yeah, so KOTA, that is an 

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acronym that stands for a 
child's child or children of 

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deaf Adults. 
OK, This is a fiction movie, but

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00:12:27,680 --> 00:12:32,400
there are three of the main 
actors in it are deaf and you 

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sign language. 
So I thought that was cool. 

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00:12:35,720 --> 00:12:38,960
And just like the way that they 
express themselves and this is 

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like the way that the language 
flows kind of. 

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It's just interesting to me. 
And then the the last thing I 

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00:12:45,280 --> 00:12:48,120
wanted to mention is that there 
was, I don't know if you guys 

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00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:51,560
saw this, but an Olympian, Ilana
Myers Taylor. 

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00:12:52,120 --> 00:12:56,600
She was, I think part of the 
bobsled team and she's like a 

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00:12:56,600 --> 00:12:59,440
really decorated Olympian. 
But anyway, it's like she got a 

228
00:12:59,440 --> 00:13:02,680
lot of media attention because 
she has two sons. 

229
00:13:03,040 --> 00:13:07,760
One of them is has Down syndrome
and also is deaf and her other 

230
00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:11,480
son is deaf and she learned sign
language so she can communicate 

231
00:13:11,480 --> 00:13:13,440
with her kids. 
So it's awesome. 

232
00:13:13,480 --> 00:13:16,960
That was kind of like a recent 
thing that just came up as I was

233
00:13:16,960 --> 00:13:19,480
researching this. 
So yeah, I would mention that. 

234
00:13:19,640 --> 00:13:21,680
So. 
I know some people regardless 

235
00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:24,400
like will teach their kids like 
more or like. 

236
00:13:24,400 --> 00:13:25,720
That's what I was going to say 
as well. 

237
00:13:25,840 --> 00:13:28,080
Or like, you know, thank you. 
Or things like just those kind 

238
00:13:28,080 --> 00:13:30,640
of little things to wait. 
Is it? 

239
00:13:30,680 --> 00:13:31,800
What is that more? 
Yeah. 

240
00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:35,240
Yeah, yeah. 
One more OK, anyway, did you 

241
00:13:35,240 --> 00:13:39,760
guys with either either of your 
children or children's, did you 

242
00:13:40,480 --> 00:13:43,800
teach them any of that? 
Basically just those ones that 

243
00:13:43,800 --> 00:13:44,840
you just did there. 
Yeah. 

244
00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:47,320
And I think milk is like this 
like. 

245
00:13:47,600 --> 00:13:49,600
Yeah, this and then all done is 
this. 

246
00:13:50,400 --> 00:13:52,960
So we we just keep like doing 
the motions. 

247
00:13:52,960 --> 00:13:55,680
And if you're just listening, I 
don't know, go watch the YouTube

248
00:13:55,680 --> 00:13:57,440
video. 
And I can't describe all these. 

249
00:13:58,440 --> 00:14:03,160
You know, but my son who's 18 
months, he's like starting to 

250
00:14:03,160 --> 00:14:07,600
talk more with his word like his
verbal speech, but he he does 

251
00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:08,960
please, which is like rubbing 
your. 

252
00:14:08,960 --> 00:14:13,040
Chest it is please, so polite 
too. 

253
00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:21,480
And yeah, like baby sign is kind
of separate from sign language, 

254
00:14:21,480 --> 00:14:24,560
but obviously like it uses the 
same elements. 

255
00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:27,720
So. 
So I'll start with a little bit 

256
00:14:27,720 --> 00:14:30,480
of history. 
So American Sign Language 

257
00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:36,080
specifically originated around 
1817, which is fairly recently. 

258
00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:40,280
I feel like in terms of 
languages, obviously people who 

259
00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:44,560
are deaf or like communicating 
with deaf people have made their

260
00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:47,680
own sign languages probably 
within their communities and 

261
00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:50,320
families forever. 
But American Sign Language 

262
00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:56,560
specifically was around 1817. 
And it was, it was formed as a 

263
00:14:56,560 --> 00:15:01,480
language because this guy, his 
name was Thomas Hopkins 

264
00:15:01,480 --> 00:15:04,840
Gallaudet. 
He was an American and he had 

265
00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:07,000
this neighbor named Alice 
Cogswell. 

266
00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:10,280
And she was deaf. 
And he like kind of picked up on

267
00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:13,440
the fact that she was really 
intelligent, but like couldn't, 

268
00:15:13,880 --> 00:15:15,240
he couldn't communicate with 
her. 

269
00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:19,480
So he wanted to teach her how to
like read and write. 

270
00:15:19,480 --> 00:15:22,160
So this Thomas Gallaudet, he was
a teacher. 

271
00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:26,920
He went over to Europe and kind 
of learned from a bunch of 

272
00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,920
people and he brought this guy 
Lawrence clerk back with him. 

273
00:15:29,920 --> 00:15:35,080
He was a French deaf educator 
and they, they made this 

274
00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:39,400
language American Sign Language 
and they also formed a school, 

275
00:15:39,400 --> 00:15:43,240
the School for the Deaf, which 
still exists today in Hartford, 

276
00:15:43,240 --> 00:15:45,640
CT. 
So at that time, like a lot of 

277
00:15:45,640 --> 00:15:49,720
deaf children were coming to 
that school, and then in order 

278
00:15:49,720 --> 00:15:51,960
to communicate with them, they 
had to like, form a common 

279
00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:54,320
language, which became American 
Sign Language. 

280
00:15:55,160 --> 00:15:58,760
So it's really cool that he like
wanted to do that for his 

281
00:15:58,760 --> 00:16:00,880
neighbor. 
Like it wasn't even, you know, 

282
00:16:00,880 --> 00:16:03,600
like his kid that like somebody 
that he has to communicate. 

283
00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:05,760
He went out of his way to make 
that happen. 

284
00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:07,480
That's really cool. 
Yeah. 

285
00:16:09,320 --> 00:16:13,440
So American Sign Language, 
interestingly, is similar to 

286
00:16:13,440 --> 00:16:17,080
like a French Sign Language 
because that guy Laurent Clerk 

287
00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:21,240
that he brought along with him 
over the ocean to help help him 

288
00:16:21,240 --> 00:16:26,000
form this school. 
And then later on, Thomas's son 

289
00:16:26,040 --> 00:16:29,040
founded Gallaudet University, 
which is the first college for 

290
00:16:29,040 --> 00:16:32,400
the deaf, which is in DC, 
Washington, DC. 

291
00:16:33,080 --> 00:16:34,960
OK, that's. 
Really interesting. 

292
00:16:35,680 --> 00:16:41,280
And so now there are more than 
80 schools in the United States 

293
00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:45,160
specifically for, like, deaf 
individuals. 

294
00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:49,600
And ASL is pretty much how they 
would, like, communicate with 

295
00:16:49,600 --> 00:16:51,560
each other and teach classes and
stuff. 

296
00:16:51,560 --> 00:16:53,360
And one of them is in Della 
Vandarian. 

297
00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:57,600
Did You Know? 
That yeah, that's where few days

298
00:16:57,600 --> 00:16:59,800
from and so. 
I thought that's the big. 

299
00:16:59,800 --> 00:17:03,080
Thing about it being like yeah, 
an area that a lot of people 

300
00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:07,440
would move to to specifically go
if their child or somebody had, 

301
00:17:07,760 --> 00:17:12,160
you know, was deaf, they could 
be immersed in that, you know, 

302
00:17:12,160 --> 00:17:14,720
others around them like just 
being able to communicate with 

303
00:17:14,720 --> 00:17:17,240
them in ASL so. 
So are these schools? 

304
00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:20,960
These aren't like colleges, 
These are like primary schools, 

305
00:17:20,960 --> 00:17:23,599
you said. 
So yeah, like I think the one, 

306
00:17:24,319 --> 00:17:28,040
the one in Wisconsin is yeah, 
like a primary school. 

307
00:17:28,040 --> 00:17:31,440
I don't know what age is 
probably like K12 and then 

308
00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:37,200
university is like a college. 
Yeah, for deaf. 

309
00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:42,400
So other notable dates in 1960, 
the first ASL dictionary was 

310
00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:48,200
written by William Stokoe and 
that kind of established ASL, if

311
00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:50,960
it wasn't already as like a 
bonafide language separate from 

312
00:17:50,960 --> 00:17:53,240
English. 
So really like it's, it's you 

313
00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:57,080
kind of have to think of like 
sign language is totally 

314
00:17:57,080 --> 00:17:59,840
separate from English per SE, 
right? 

315
00:17:59,840 --> 00:18:03,440
Like it's, it's hard to, you 
know, because we're always like 

316
00:18:03,840 --> 00:18:06,520
trying to translate things from 
English, which is our first 

317
00:18:06,520 --> 00:18:11,880
language to like something else.
But like ASL is not necessarily 

318
00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:17,680
like made like it's not word for
word English, if that makes 

319
00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:20,680
sense. 
Because it like, sorry, no, I 

320
00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:23,560
was going to say it has to skip 
out a lot of words like the in 

321
00:18:23,560 --> 00:18:25,560
between words, right? 
Yeah. 

322
00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:28,120
And so like the format of a 
sentence has to be quite 

323
00:18:28,120 --> 00:18:30,960
different I'm assuming. 
Right, exactly. 

324
00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:37,280
So it has its own grammar and 
its own like phonology. 

325
00:18:37,280 --> 00:18:41,840
So it's only combinations of 
sounds or I guess it would be 

326
00:18:41,840 --> 00:18:45,560
like combination of hand signals
or hand motion making a word. 

327
00:18:46,320 --> 00:18:49,800
It has its own syntax, which is 
the arrangement of words to make

328
00:18:49,800 --> 00:18:51,600
a sentence. 
Like you were saying Danny, like

329
00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:57,600
maybe you you would not use 
articles necessarily to like say

330
00:18:57,600 --> 00:19:00,080
a sentence. 
And it has its own morphology, 

331
00:19:00,080 --> 00:19:03,160
so like the combination of 
prefixes and suffixes to make 

332
00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:07,480
meanings and then semantic, so 
the meaning of words and 

333
00:19:07,480 --> 00:19:09,680
phrases. 
So like sprinkling versus 

334
00:19:09,680 --> 00:19:14,200
raining, or like orange the 
color versus orange the fruit, 

335
00:19:14,360 --> 00:19:15,920
right? 
Like in English that's the same 

336
00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:18,440
word, but in sign language those
would be like 2 totally 

337
00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:22,360
different signs. 
Would you be able to, I don't 

338
00:19:22,360 --> 00:19:24,560
know if this is possible, but 
would you be able to like give 

339
00:19:24,560 --> 00:19:27,960
an example of a sentence as it 
would sound? 

340
00:19:28,240 --> 00:19:29,240
Does that make sense what I'm 
saying? 

341
00:19:29,240 --> 00:19:33,520
Like the words, Do you get what 
I'm saying? 

342
00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:38,640
I think so. 
Let me think I might get to that

343
00:19:38,640 --> 00:19:41,800
later actually, because we I 
will go into the more of like 

344
00:19:41,800 --> 00:19:45,520
the how you would sign certain 
things or how you would, yeah. 

345
00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:47,880
Like OK, say, so you can talk 
about it then. 

346
00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:50,640
Yeah. 
A couple more things that I 

347
00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:55,480
wanted to just mention about 
like the the history of the 

348
00:19:55,480 --> 00:19:57,360
language. 
And this kind of does go into 

349
00:19:57,360 --> 00:20:03,480
like deafness and disability. 
Well, in 1975 IDEA was passed 

350
00:20:03,480 --> 00:20:06,880
and this is a national law. 
So this is like basically saying

351
00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:11,320
that every child has the right 
to a free and public education. 

352
00:20:11,320 --> 00:20:15,640
So every child has like the 
right to learn, however they 

353
00:20:15,640 --> 00:20:20,280
would learn best. 
So that kind of like goes into 

354
00:20:20,360 --> 00:20:23,640
if a child is deaf and they 
enter a school system, we need 

355
00:20:23,640 --> 00:20:25,520
to accommodate them. 
Right. 

356
00:20:25,840 --> 00:20:30,960
So maybe they need like an 
interpreter or maybe they 

357
00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:35,560
require like closed captioning 
on any, any audio or any like, 

358
00:20:36,080 --> 00:20:39,920
you know, visual that they're 
like looking at with sound. 

359
00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:42,360
They would need closed 
captioning with words and like a

360
00:20:42,360 --> 00:20:47,640
team dedicated to serving that 
student would have to like do an

361
00:20:47,640 --> 00:20:51,480
evaluation and determine what 
any kid would need in that case.

362
00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:55,440
And I think like, so if they 
would maybe determine and the 

363
00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:58,000
parents would decide like, oh, 
well, I think they would do 

364
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,880
better in the school for the 
deaf, like that one in Delavan. 

365
00:21:01,360 --> 00:21:06,120
Then the public school would 
have to figure out how to get 

366
00:21:06,120 --> 00:21:09,040
them there and pay for it if 
there's like a tuition and 

367
00:21:09,040 --> 00:21:11,120
stuff. 
So just kind of an interesting 

368
00:21:11,120 --> 00:21:13,720
thing. 
And then in 1990, the Americans 

369
00:21:13,720 --> 00:21:15,240
with Disabilities Act was 
passed. 

370
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:18,720
Also a national law, if any, if 
there's anything government 

371
00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:21,960
related, ASL interpreters are 
required for that. 

372
00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:26,880
And where do you think that 
there are like the most ASL 

373
00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:30,480
interpreters located like? 
I would just assume the biggest 

374
00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:33,000
cities like New York or Lai was 
gonna. 

375
00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:36,680
Say we're like DC with the 
government stuff like there. 

376
00:21:36,680 --> 00:21:38,440
Has to be. 
Interpretation there. 

377
00:21:38,440 --> 00:21:42,760
You got it, Erin. 
So DC has a lot of ASL 

378
00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:47,920
interpreters and users. 
It was like in the whole like 

379
00:21:47,920 --> 00:21:51,880
court system. 
ASL was the third most requested

380
00:21:51,880 --> 00:21:54,160
language in like the national 
courts. 

381
00:21:54,480 --> 00:21:56,080
So oh wow. 
Interesting. 

382
00:21:56,640 --> 00:22:04,440
And so that leads me to wonder, 
is like ASL the most used sign 

383
00:22:04,440 --> 00:22:07,040
language then? 
Because I'm assuming it's people

384
00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:10,040
from other countries that are 
also requesting ASL 

385
00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:12,000
interpreters. 
That's a good question. 

386
00:22:12,040 --> 00:22:17,120
I don't know if it's necessarily
the most used, widely used sign 

387
00:22:17,120 --> 00:22:18,200
language. 
There's hundreds. 

388
00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:20,720
I think there's like, I don't 
know, hundreds of sign 

389
00:22:20,720 --> 00:22:24,040
languages, probably more than 
that if you count just like 

390
00:22:24,040 --> 00:22:28,280
small communities. 
But I feel like probably in 

391
00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:33,360
America at least, and there's a 
couple different ones or like 

392
00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:36,680
different sign languages people 
use in the United States. 

393
00:22:36,680 --> 00:22:43,240
But ASL is pretty much regarded 
as like the like top one that 

394
00:22:43,520 --> 00:22:46,640
people would use. 
And obviously if we, you know, 

395
00:22:46,880 --> 00:22:50,480
teach it, there's classes. 
I think too if you had a child 

396
00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:55,120
that was deaf the state would 
have to pay for or they could 

397
00:22:55,120 --> 00:22:58,160
you could get the state to pay 
for like classes if you want to 

398
00:22:58,160 --> 00:23:02,840
told her ASL. 
OK, as a parent like to learn. 

399
00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:06,640
As a parent and like as your 
child is learning language, like

400
00:23:06,640 --> 00:23:09,400
somebody needs to teach them to 
yeah. 

401
00:23:09,400 --> 00:23:11,760
So they would have like deaf and
hard of hearing teachers that 

402
00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:16,200
would teach them sign language. 
So it's interesting. 

403
00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:20,680
And then I feel like there's 
been throughout the years, the 

404
00:23:20,680 --> 00:23:24,080
research or the experts, the 
doctors, whoever seen these kids

405
00:23:24,080 --> 00:23:27,320
have been like hot and cold on 
learning ASL. 

406
00:23:27,320 --> 00:23:33,800
Because I've read some stuff 
that was like the doctors told 

407
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:37,760
me not to teach my kid ASL 
because they should learn how to

408
00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:42,360
use spoken English or there was 
some idea. 

409
00:23:42,920 --> 00:23:44,560
Controversy there, right? 
Like. 

410
00:23:44,560 --> 00:23:47,160
There's a little controversy 
there, I think. 

411
00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:52,680
Yeah, because I think, and this 
kind of goes into the deaf 

412
00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:56,880
community and like that culture 
is they don't necessarily like 

413
00:23:56,880 --> 00:24:00,560
there's a camp of maybe deaf 
people that don't think that 

414
00:24:00,560 --> 00:24:03,160
they would need to learn spoken 
language because they have this 

415
00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:06,240
language that they can use. 
Why do they have to be the one 

416
00:24:06,240 --> 00:24:09,920
to learn like whole separate 
English language just to 

417
00:24:09,920 --> 00:24:16,200
communicate with people? 
So that kind of, there's a lot. 

418
00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:19,320
There's a lot there, I think, 
which is interesting. 

419
00:24:19,320 --> 00:24:21,640
And it kind of goes into a 
bigger conversation of like, 

420
00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:25,080
yeah, ableism and stuff like 
that. 

421
00:24:25,560 --> 00:24:28,560
But yeah, for sure. 
So let's get into a little bit 

422
00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:34,920
of how it works. 
So like we kind of talked about 

423
00:24:34,920 --> 00:24:39,960
before, instead of using words 
per SE or using concepts and 

424
00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:43,600
speakers, use facial 
expressions, gestures, space 

425
00:24:43,600 --> 00:24:46,960
around them, head movements and 
body language to communicate a 

426
00:24:46,960 --> 00:24:52,080
concept. 
So one thing would be like if 

427
00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:55,400
you, and this is actually an 
interesting one, like dog, you 

428
00:24:55,400 --> 00:24:57,240
would tap your leg. 
Like come here. 

429
00:24:57,480 --> 00:25:01,920
Like dog. 
If you were saying puppy, you 

430
00:25:01,920 --> 00:25:04,840
would tap your leg and then 
place your hands close together 

431
00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:09,440
to indicate like small, like dog
puppy, right? 

432
00:25:09,760 --> 00:25:11,920
So you're kind of like 
illustrating concepts. 

433
00:25:12,640 --> 00:25:16,360
Monkey would be bending your 
arms up to scratch your armpits,

434
00:25:16,840 --> 00:25:20,960
whereas like gorilla or like a 
large ape, you would do this, 

435
00:25:20,960 --> 00:25:23,400
beat your chest. 
I see. 

436
00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,240
I feel like if somebody did that
like you could, you would be 

437
00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:28,360
able to like know what they're 
talking about. 

438
00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:32,840
A little bit. 
Make a guess for sure at least. 

439
00:25:33,680 --> 00:25:35,560
Yes, right, you get the gist of 
it. 

440
00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:39,720
Yes, yeah, exactly. 
Or another example would be like

441
00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:42,280
a deer, you kind of like hold 
your hands up like they're 

442
00:25:42,280 --> 00:25:43,800
handlers. 
Cute. 

443
00:25:43,840 --> 00:25:47,440
But like, if you were assigning 
elk or moose, you would make 

444
00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:49,400
your hands come out. 
Yeah. 

445
00:25:50,800 --> 00:25:54,240
And to indicate, like, bigger 
antlers or like, bigger deer 

446
00:25:54,360 --> 00:25:56,560
kind of thing. 
So you're using all the space 

447
00:25:56,560 --> 00:26:00,160
around you to indicate a word. 
And then there's also a finger 

448
00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:03,720
spelling. 
Do you guys remember learning 

449
00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:08,320
the sign language alphabet? 
It's actually funny because in 

450
00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:12,040
4th grade, Aaron and I learned 
the alphabet in sign language 

451
00:26:12,040 --> 00:26:15,160
and then instead of like passing
notes, we would sign to each 

452
00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:19,800
other messages across the 
classroom and to find on this we

453
00:26:19,800 --> 00:26:21,280
we did. 
That was the thing that happened

454
00:26:21,280 --> 00:26:23,240
and I. 
Believe you, it sounds like us. 

455
00:26:24,480 --> 00:26:27,120
So. 
OK, when I first got interested 

456
00:26:27,120 --> 00:26:30,760
in this topic, like I kind of 
like just went on Spotify and 

457
00:26:30,760 --> 00:26:33,320
I'm like, oh, is there any like 
podcasts about this? 

458
00:26:33,320 --> 00:26:36,200
And there is one from Stuff You 
should know. 

459
00:26:36,880 --> 00:26:39,920
Oh, I like that you guys. 
Know that and one of the hosts 

460
00:26:39,920 --> 00:26:43,680
literally said that exact thing.
Like do you remember really in 

461
00:26:43,680 --> 00:26:45,360
middle school? 
But all the girls would learn 

462
00:26:45,360 --> 00:26:47,200
sign language and sign to each 
other. 

463
00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:51,200
That's why you said that. 
Yeah, it is smart. 

464
00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:55,200
So people do use finger spelling
to sign out like specific names 

465
00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:58,120
or specific words. 
Maybe instead of doing like the 

466
00:26:58,400 --> 00:27:01,680
antler thing for elk I could 
just like finger spell eat LK 

467
00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:03,200
right? 
Yeah. 

468
00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:05,240
And I feel like that makes sense
too, if you're trying to say 

469
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:07,600
something really specific, 
because I was kind of wondering 

470
00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:08,960
about that. 
Like especially when you're 

471
00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:11,840
talking about different animals,
it's like, obviously maybe 

472
00:27:11,840 --> 00:27:14,400
there's a specific breed of an 
animal that you're trying to 

473
00:27:14,400 --> 00:27:16,120
convey. 
Like how would you convey that 

474
00:27:16,840 --> 00:27:18,160
versus a? 
You know what I mean? 

475
00:27:18,920 --> 00:27:21,680
So I think they did use finger 
spelling like quite a bit. 

476
00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:26,680
And then like people can 
probably do it super quick that 

477
00:27:26,680 --> 00:27:32,480
are good at it and then they 
call the person that's listening

478
00:27:32,480 --> 00:27:35,560
the receiver. 
So I suppose you would like 

479
00:27:35,560 --> 00:27:39,840
recognize them really fast if 
like you're used to seeing 

480
00:27:39,840 --> 00:27:42,800
people spelling out different 
letters. 

481
00:27:42,800 --> 00:27:47,960
So yeah, so kind of along the 
lines of finger spelling, 

482
00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:50,560
there's also this thing called 
indexing. 

483
00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:55,680
So like if I was telling a story
about Aaron, say, I would finger

484
00:27:55,680 --> 00:27:59,440
spell out her name and then I 
would point to the space next to

485
00:27:59,440 --> 00:28:00,920
me. 
Like if I was telling a story 

486
00:28:00,920 --> 00:28:03,360
about Aaron and she wasn't here,
I would finger spell Aaron and 

487
00:28:03,360 --> 00:28:04,680
then point to the space next to 
me. 

488
00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:07,680
So then when I'm referring to 
her during a story, I could just

489
00:28:07,680 --> 00:28:10,560
like point there. 
You're spelling your name all 

490
00:28:10,560 --> 00:28:13,120
the time. 
That's way cool. 

491
00:28:13,840 --> 00:28:16,880
That's interesting, yeah. 
Yeah, I didn't know that. 

492
00:28:16,880 --> 00:28:18,280
That makes sense though. 
Yeah. 

493
00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:21,320
Like, yeah, I don't know. 
Makes it quicker too, so. 

494
00:28:23,360 --> 00:28:25,000
Yeah. 
Are there, are there examples of

495
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:30,000
like like how they would do that
like index like would you if you

496
00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:32,240
wanted to index a bunch of words
is what I'm trying to say. 

497
00:28:32,760 --> 00:28:35,480
Would you .1 way and then the 
next way so that we can remember

498
00:28:35,480 --> 00:28:37,880
could, I don't know. 
Or if you're talking about 

499
00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:40,800
several different people, I 
think there's something that you

500
00:28:40,800 --> 00:28:44,280
could mimic a conversation that 
you like heard with somebody and

501
00:28:44,280 --> 00:28:47,120
you would be like, oh, Erin, 
Erin, like point next to me. 

502
00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:48,720
This is Erin. 
And I'm like talking to her. 

503
00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:52,440
Or this is like when I turn 
towards that space where she 

504
00:28:52,440 --> 00:28:55,800
theoretically is and start 
talking to indicate, oh, I had a

505
00:28:55,800 --> 00:28:58,920
conversation with her or like I 
heard a conversation she was 

506
00:28:58,920 --> 00:29:01,560
having or something like that. 
So. 

507
00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:06,160
Yeah, yeah. 
Using like context clues to put 

508
00:29:06,160 --> 00:29:07,440
it together. 
Yeah, OK. 

509
00:29:08,040 --> 00:29:09,200
It's really interesting. 
Yeah. 

510
00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:15,040
Another thing, and I don't know 
if you've watched people 

511
00:29:15,040 --> 00:29:20,840
signing, but they use like their
facial expressions and the speed

512
00:29:20,840 --> 00:29:22,760
of their hands maybe to indicate
something. 

513
00:29:22,760 --> 00:29:28,080
So if I were saying running 
slowly versus running quickly, I

514
00:29:28,080 --> 00:29:31,520
think I just looked this up. 
The sign for run is you kind of 

515
00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:35,080
like hook an index finger on a 
thumb and then you go like 

516
00:29:36,080 --> 00:29:38,240
running so. 
Interesting. 

517
00:29:38,360 --> 00:29:40,040
OK. 
Flex your finger. 

518
00:29:40,440 --> 00:29:43,880
But if I was running fast, I'd 
be like, I'm in a hurry, I'm 

519
00:29:43,880 --> 00:29:45,040
running fast. 
Versus. 

520
00:29:45,840 --> 00:29:47,920
So. 
I see. 

521
00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:53,240
So you kind of use your face to 
indicate, oh, I'm, I was like 

522
00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:56,440
really in a rush and I was 
stressed out and I was, you 

523
00:29:56,440 --> 00:29:58,960
know, you could like think about
how your face would look like 

524
00:29:58,960 --> 00:30:01,920
for that versus just taking a 
leisurely jog through the perk 

525
00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:05,080
or something. 
I have an example or something 

526
00:30:05,080 --> 00:30:08,880
that I experienced similar to 
that in that the Barbie movie 

527
00:30:08,880 --> 00:30:13,120
was actually one of the 1st 
movies that had an option to 

528
00:30:13,120 --> 00:30:15,680
have an ASL interpreter on the 
screen. 

529
00:30:16,160 --> 00:30:18,240
Because most of the time you'd 
think like, oh, you know, just 

530
00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:21,200
captions, you know, they had an 
ASL interpreter on the screen. 

531
00:30:21,200 --> 00:30:25,200
And so that person could like, 
the music was big in Barbie in 

532
00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:27,440
the Barbie movie, right? 
So they were signing the the 

533
00:30:27,440 --> 00:30:30,760
music along to the beat of the 
song so people could know, you 

534
00:30:30,760 --> 00:30:33,760
know, there's just those things 
that you don't think about that 

535
00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:37,080
like you said, like just using 
your face and using like, you 

536
00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:41,480
know, your expressions. 
I think it's not just reading 

537
00:30:41,480 --> 00:30:43,280
captions. 
There's so much more that goes 

538
00:30:43,280 --> 00:30:46,120
into it, you know, right. 
I just thought that that was 

539
00:30:46,120 --> 00:30:47,760
interesting that. 
Is cool. 

540
00:30:47,760 --> 00:30:50,040
I wish there were that was an 
option like all the time. 

541
00:30:50,040 --> 00:30:51,760
That would be really cool, yeah.
I agree. 

542
00:30:54,160 --> 00:30:57,280
One other thing, if you sign 
something close to your body, 

543
00:30:57,640 --> 00:31:00,560
you might be talking about an 
event that happened recently or 

544
00:31:00,560 --> 00:31:04,240
will happen soon versus signing 
more away from your body would 

545
00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:07,280
be more like, oh, it's happening
a long time from now or it 

546
00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:10,480
happened a long time ago. 
That's so interesting. 

547
00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:12,760
Yeah. 
I never knew that. 

548
00:31:12,760 --> 00:31:15,840
This is a lot more complex than 
I thought, but like it's like 

549
00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:18,440
complex but in a way that makes 
sense. 

550
00:31:18,600 --> 00:31:20,880
Yes. 
At the same time, it's super 

551
00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:22,880
interesting. 
Yeah, it is. 

552
00:31:22,880 --> 00:31:27,760
I feel like pretty intuitive. 
So I'm, I'm interested for I 

553
00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:30,560
didn't go into this much, but 
for like a deaf child, how 

554
00:31:30,840 --> 00:31:34,200
quickly they could pick it up 
versus like a, an English 

555
00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:38,760
language. 
I wonder. 

556
00:31:38,760 --> 00:31:41,880
And so I think we kind of talked
about this before, but going 

557
00:31:41,880 --> 00:31:45,400
back to the controversy of 
doctors or whoever, experts 

558
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:48,440
saying that maybe kids shouldn't
learn sign language. 

559
00:31:48,600 --> 00:31:51,560
Part of the reasoning was that 
it's really hard for it 

560
00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:55,840
theoretically could be hard for 
people to learn how to read 

561
00:31:56,080 --> 00:31:59,840
English when they're speaking 
something that's like not 

562
00:31:59,840 --> 00:32:02,680
English, right. 
So if. 

563
00:32:02,680 --> 00:32:05,240
You would like delay their 
speaking? 

564
00:32:05,240 --> 00:32:08,640
Maybe I don't. 
I think like best practice now 

565
00:32:08,680 --> 00:32:11,080
is is like, yeah, teach them 
sign language. 

566
00:32:11,120 --> 00:32:15,360
Also teach them English. 
You know, more language is 

567
00:32:15,360 --> 00:32:21,080
better, but at one point it was 
kind of frowned upon to learn 

568
00:32:21,080 --> 00:32:25,200
ASL because they thought that 
these kids then wouldn't learn 

569
00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:26,960
or would be delayed in learning 
how to read. 

570
00:32:26,960 --> 00:32:30,320
And obviously learning how to 
read is a huge deal if you can't

571
00:32:30,320 --> 00:32:32,760
hear and you're like, you know, 
reading stuff. 

572
00:32:34,040 --> 00:32:38,120
So I see learn things because 
it's not like those two things 

573
00:32:38,120 --> 00:32:42,080
aren't like a 1 to 1. 
So they prioritize reading 

574
00:32:42,080 --> 00:32:45,800
physical words over signing 
basically. 

575
00:32:46,520 --> 00:32:47,640
That's what. 
Some. 

576
00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:51,280
Some did, I guess. 
I think just with the advance of

577
00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:56,200
certain technologies like Oakley
or implants or ways to amplify 

578
00:32:56,200 --> 00:33:01,640
or like try to get some sort of 
hearing is also part of why 

579
00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:06,840
people kind of shield away from 
ASL at at one point or a certain

580
00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:08,920
group may have, but. 
I. 

581
00:33:09,040 --> 00:33:11,600
Don't know, this is just 
interesting, like social topics.

582
00:33:12,080 --> 00:33:13,760
Yeah, totally. 
Yeah. 

583
00:33:14,760 --> 00:33:17,760
Another thing I thought was 
interesting was that male 

584
00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:21,880
gendered pronouns would be 
signed at the head. 

585
00:33:22,360 --> 00:33:24,880
So if you would put your thumb 
up to your forehead to say, 

586
00:33:24,880 --> 00:33:29,280
like, dad, and your thumb down 
by your chin to say, mom, 

587
00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:37,480
thanks, Miss Rachel. 
But the reason is, like at the 

588
00:33:37,480 --> 00:33:40,840
time that this was developed, 
men would wear hats, like top 

589
00:33:40,840 --> 00:33:44,080
hats, sign it up here, whereas 
women would wear bonnet. 

590
00:33:44,160 --> 00:33:46,680
So you would sign up down by the
chin because it would tie the 

591
00:33:46,800 --> 00:33:49,920
chin. 
To like, a lot less sexist than 

592
00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:51,600
I thought. 
That's the reasoning. 

593
00:33:52,560 --> 00:33:53,640
I immediately. 
I was like. 

594
00:33:54,280 --> 00:33:56,600
Oh, like men are about women? 
Yes. 

595
00:33:56,680 --> 00:34:00,040
Yeah, either that or it's like 
men are smart and women just 

596
00:34:00,040 --> 00:34:02,280
talk or something like that, is 
what I was thinking. 

597
00:34:03,160 --> 00:34:07,680
I had this day because I know 
boy and like boy is like this. 

598
00:34:07,680 --> 00:34:10,120
I can't remember what girl is 
but boy is like a hat like 

599
00:34:10,120 --> 00:34:13,159
almost like a baseball cap if. 
You think on the brim? 

600
00:34:13,400 --> 00:34:18,560
So kind of like a long fat line 
to kind of like a more modern 

601
00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:24,400
way you could do cheek to say to
be more gender inclusive. 

602
00:34:24,880 --> 00:34:28,360
Oh, I like that OK. 
Like any language, sign language

603
00:34:28,360 --> 00:34:30,560
is evolving all the time. 
And there's this really 

604
00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:34,080
interesting New York Times 
article that talked about how 

605
00:34:34,199 --> 00:34:37,040
signs are evolving with the 
times. 

606
00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:41,040
So there's people that will sign
like the cheek thing, instead of

607
00:34:41,040 --> 00:34:43,920
saying saying man or woman, 
they'll just sign by the cheek 

608
00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:47,400
and diploma. 
Not necessarily either man or 

609
00:34:47,400 --> 00:34:49,280
woman. 
Another example of that would be

610
00:34:49,280 --> 00:34:52,639
like when ASL was first 
developed, the phones were two 

611
00:34:52,639 --> 00:34:55,320
pieces. 
So like phone sign would be a 

612
00:34:55,320 --> 00:34:58,200
hand by your ear and a hand by 
your mouth because you'd have to

613
00:34:58,400 --> 00:35:02,440
use two hands to talk. 
And then it evolved to the like 

614
00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:06,200
what we know it as probably as 
like a hand or a thumb by your 

615
00:35:06,200 --> 00:35:12,160
ear and the pinky by your mouth.
But then it's now more like 

616
00:35:12,520 --> 00:35:14,560
holding like a smartphone. 
Yeah. 

617
00:35:14,960 --> 00:35:16,440
That's crazy. 
So I've. 

618
00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:19,800
Seen that kids naturally started
doing that because, like, yeah, 

619
00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:22,800
if we were playing as kids and 
you were pretending to call 

620
00:35:22,800 --> 00:35:25,200
somebody, that's how you do it, 
like with your pinky and your 

621
00:35:25,200 --> 00:35:27,120
thumb out. 
But I've heard that kids, yeah. 

622
00:35:27,120 --> 00:35:29,080
Now it's more of just like a 
straight hand. 

623
00:35:30,160 --> 00:35:32,400
Yeah. 
So it's interesting. 

624
00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:36,720
Yeah, that was a cool article 
because they, it's called, I 

625
00:35:36,760 --> 00:35:39,560
have it pulled up. 
It's called How a Visual 

626
00:35:39,560 --> 00:35:41,960
Language Evolves as Our World 
Does. 

627
00:35:42,560 --> 00:35:47,480
It's a New York Times article 
and they show, they embed people

628
00:35:47,480 --> 00:35:49,320
doing the sign throughout the 
article. 

629
00:35:49,320 --> 00:35:52,640
So I'll send that to you guys. 
And it's just a cool, 

630
00:35:52,640 --> 00:35:54,600
interesting one. 
That's really. 

631
00:35:54,600 --> 00:35:58,920
Cool. 
Yeah, a couple etiquette things.

632
00:35:58,920 --> 00:36:01,640
As with speaking English, you 
would wait for the person to be 

633
00:36:01,640 --> 00:36:04,960
done speaking or signing until 
it's your turn to talk. 

634
00:36:04,960 --> 00:36:09,160
And if they look away from you 
so the one doing the signs and 

635
00:36:09,160 --> 00:36:12,440
you look away, it means that 
you're still thinking and you're

636
00:36:12,440 --> 00:36:16,240
going to be signing. 
And once you're like thoughts 

637
00:36:16,240 --> 00:36:20,680
come to you. 
So I would assume if you stop 

638
00:36:20,680 --> 00:36:23,040
signing and look at the person 
then it's their turn to. 

639
00:36:24,920 --> 00:36:27,640
I gotcha. 
I feel like when you're saying 

640
00:36:27,640 --> 00:36:30,640
this stuff, like I'm starting to
think back and notice some of 

641
00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:33,960
those things that I didn't 
realize were actually on 

642
00:36:33,960 --> 00:36:36,560
purpose. 
I guess I feel like I remember 

643
00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:39,640
the look away thing in a couple 
of videos that I've seen and 

644
00:36:39,640 --> 00:36:42,240
things like that, but I didn't 
realize that that meant I'm 

645
00:36:42,280 --> 00:36:46,600
thinking so. 
And again, it like, might be 

646
00:36:46,600 --> 00:36:50,600
different for different people, 
but yeah, that's kind of like 

647
00:36:50,600 --> 00:36:54,360
the the gist of the etiquette. 
Yeah. 

648
00:36:54,360 --> 00:36:57,920
So another couple like fun 
backs. 

649
00:36:59,360 --> 00:37:01,560
Do you guys know what Martha's 
Vineyard is? 

650
00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:06,840
I can like picture it. 
It's like. 

651
00:37:06,840 --> 00:37:10,720
DC It's like Martha Washington's
maybe I'm making. 

652
00:37:11,680 --> 00:37:14,680
I'm like picturing some brand 
for some reason. 

653
00:37:15,240 --> 00:37:17,040
Oh, like vines? 
Probably. 

654
00:37:17,080 --> 00:37:19,120
Maybe. 
OK, so maybe I'm not thinking of

655
00:37:19,120 --> 00:37:21,920
the right thing either. 
Martha's Vineyard is this little

656
00:37:21,920 --> 00:37:24,400
islands got on the East Coast, 
like kind of off the coast of 

657
00:37:24,400 --> 00:37:26,600
like Massachusetts. 
OK. 

658
00:37:27,040 --> 00:37:31,320
I think now it's kind of a the 
ritzy kind of place that there's

659
00:37:31,320 --> 00:37:33,440
people go and have homes on or 
whatever. 

660
00:37:33,440 --> 00:37:39,880
But long ago people came there 
from Europe, I guess probably 

661
00:37:39,880 --> 00:37:42,400
England and settled there. 
And one of the people that came 

662
00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:44,960
there was deaf and he had all 
these kids that were deaf. 

663
00:37:44,960 --> 00:37:48,960
So like this population really 
boomed on the small little 

664
00:37:48,960 --> 00:37:54,400
islands in the 1718, hundreds of
deaf people and they they kind 

665
00:37:54,400 --> 00:37:58,120
of formulated their own sign 
language Cool. 

666
00:37:58,800 --> 00:38:02,880
That existed for a long time 
until the 50s when the last user

667
00:38:02,880 --> 00:38:05,280
died and then it was considered 
a dead language. 

668
00:38:05,280 --> 00:38:08,560
But I think some of those signs 
also like kind of carried over 

669
00:38:08,560 --> 00:38:10,560
into ASL. 
OK, just. 

670
00:38:11,240 --> 00:38:14,600
Kind of interesting, like we 
talked a little bit already 

671
00:38:14,600 --> 00:38:18,000
about like our kind of a lot 
about the controversy over 

672
00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:20,000
learning ASL versus spoken 
language. 

673
00:38:20,400 --> 00:38:25,320
I saw different statistics, but 
one of them I feel like between 

674
00:38:25,320 --> 00:38:30,440
8 to 23% of families with deaf 
children regularly use sign 

675
00:38:30,440 --> 00:38:32,840
language. 
I saw somewhere 8% of parents 

676
00:38:32,840 --> 00:38:35,680
with deaf children know ASL. 
Like can't speak it, which was 

677
00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:37,320
like lower percent than I 
thought. 

678
00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:39,640
I would have thought it would be
way higher and that makes me 

679
00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:44,800
kind of sad honestly. 
Yeah, I think a higher 

680
00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:49,200
percentage of parents use signs,
maybe not necessarily. 

681
00:38:49,880 --> 00:38:51,800
Fluently. 
Oh, OK. 

682
00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:57,040
Yeah, like maybe not like a 
fluent language, but yeah, yeah,

683
00:38:57,040 --> 00:39:00,360
it's low. 
And I'm wondering too, how many 

684
00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:05,600
kids now just like learn English
versus using ASL, or maybe they 

685
00:39:05,600 --> 00:39:11,280
like use ASL with their friends 
that are deaf and then try to, 

686
00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:13,720
you know, use English with their
families. 

687
00:39:14,160 --> 00:39:16,320
I don't know, but I thought that
was kind of interesting. 

688
00:39:16,320 --> 00:39:19,640
Obviously, there's a lot of 
barriers, you know, to learning 

689
00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:22,520
it as an adult because I think 
it's harder to learn as an 

690
00:39:22,520 --> 00:39:23,800
adult. 
It's harder to learn any 

691
00:39:23,800 --> 00:39:28,080
language as an adult versus 
like, a kid naturally getting 

692
00:39:28,080 --> 00:39:32,200
it. 
And if you have a kid or a 

693
00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:35,000
toddler who's trying to learn 
it, you know, that's a busy time

694
00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:37,960
of life already, and now you're 
trying to learn a language. 

695
00:39:37,960 --> 00:39:42,360
So I think, yeah, there's 
factors there. 

696
00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:46,680
But I think most families 
probably use the combination of 

697
00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:48,320
spoken language and sign 
language. 

698
00:39:48,320 --> 00:39:50,920
And at the end of the day, like 
figure out what works best for 

699
00:39:50,920 --> 00:39:54,600
you and your family too, you 
know, or I mean, that's like 

700
00:39:54,600 --> 00:39:58,040
with anything, obviously. 
But I know that there's state 

701
00:39:58,040 --> 00:40:00,640
resources you can get to for 
pointing you in the right 

702
00:40:00,640 --> 00:40:04,680
direction for some, some help 
with ASL classes and things like

703
00:40:04,680 --> 00:40:06,920
that. 
But to your point, not everyone 

704
00:40:06,920 --> 00:40:09,920
has time to take classes. 
Good thing there's YouTube 

705
00:40:09,920 --> 00:40:13,080
nowadays, though, you know, I'm 
sure that there's, that's 

706
00:40:13,080 --> 00:40:16,240
probably helpful to learn a bit 
on your time. 

707
00:40:16,360 --> 00:40:18,320
No, I yeah, teach their own, I 
guess. 

708
00:40:18,520 --> 00:40:21,040
I wonder what makes people 
decide one way or another. 

709
00:40:21,040 --> 00:40:23,000
It's probably a multiple 
factors. 

710
00:40:23,480 --> 00:40:25,960
Right, right. 
A couple other things. 

711
00:40:26,240 --> 00:40:28,080
Like I mentioned, there's 
different kinds of sign 

712
00:40:28,080 --> 00:40:33,520
languages that people use. 
In America, S EE assigned exact 

713
00:40:33,520 --> 00:40:38,000
English, which is like literally
translating an English word into

714
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:42,960
a sign. 
So that one has like the what 

715
00:40:42,960 --> 00:40:44,360
you call them. 
I forgot what they're called, 

716
00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:46,240
the like and articles. 
Like. 

717
00:40:46,400 --> 00:40:47,000
Articles. 
Yeah. 

718
00:40:47,640 --> 00:40:51,520
So if I would say like I am 
going to bed, I would sign every

719
00:40:51,520 --> 00:40:56,200
single word there versus ASL. 
You might just say point to 

720
00:40:56,200 --> 00:40:59,320
yourself and then do the sign 
for bed and whoever you're 

721
00:40:59,320 --> 00:41:02,040
talking to is going to get it. 
And then there's pigeon sign 

722
00:41:02,040 --> 00:41:06,200
language, which is not spelled 
like the animal said, like the 

723
00:41:06,200 --> 00:41:10,320
animal, PIDGIN, pigeon, pigeon. 
Sign. 

724
00:41:10,600 --> 00:41:15,160
English like a combination 
between ASL and signed exact 

725
00:41:15,160 --> 00:41:21,080
English. 
I also saw a lot of signs if you

726
00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:25,120
would sign the 1st letter of a 
word and then like if you're 

727
00:41:25,120 --> 00:41:28,600
going to sign breakfast, you 
would do the sign for B and then

728
00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:30,280
put it to your mouth because 
the. 

729
00:41:30,280 --> 00:41:32,720
Sign. 
Putting your hand by your mouth.

730
00:41:33,440 --> 00:41:36,040
So you would just sign AB and 
put it by your mouth and people 

731
00:41:36,040 --> 00:41:38,720
would get breakfast. 
But you could also sign 

732
00:41:38,720 --> 00:41:43,040
breakfast, eat and then the sign
for morning, which is like the 

733
00:41:43,040 --> 00:41:46,480
sun coming up. 
OK, so there's more than one way

734
00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:48,640
to say things. 
Yeah. 

735
00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:51,960
So like, I'm wondering why 
somebody would necessarily learn

736
00:41:52,240 --> 00:41:55,320
one way over the other. 
Right. 

737
00:41:55,760 --> 00:41:58,040
Like if I don't know, it's just 
interesting. 

738
00:41:58,480 --> 00:42:00,480
I mean, I think signed exact 
English. 

739
00:42:00,480 --> 00:42:04,120
That's also kind of like 
controversial in the deaf 

740
00:42:04,120 --> 00:42:08,080
community because again, you're 
not signing. 

741
00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:12,440
I mean, you're using English as 
the foundation, which is like, 

742
00:42:12,440 --> 00:42:15,320
well, I don't need to use 
English, right? 

743
00:42:15,320 --> 00:42:17,880
I have this whole accessible 
language that I can use with 

744
00:42:17,880 --> 00:42:23,360
people. 
So I think probably how that 

745
00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:29,040
kind of formed is back to, you 
know, people thinking that 

746
00:42:29,480 --> 00:42:33,080
everyone should learn English 
and this is just like another 

747
00:42:33,080 --> 00:42:36,200
way to like communicate in 
English. 

748
00:42:37,240 --> 00:42:43,040
I guess one other little tidbit 
that I read, there is a black 

749
00:42:43,040 --> 00:42:46,400
ASL. 
So obviously back in like 1817, 

750
00:42:46,400 --> 00:42:50,440
there was still irrigated 
schools and for a long time 

751
00:42:50,440 --> 00:42:55,680
after that too. 
So people who are black and deaf

752
00:42:55,680 --> 00:42:59,760
kind of formed their own signs. 
That makes sense. 

753
00:43:00,160 --> 00:43:03,080
So that's probably like a whole 
another topic. 

754
00:43:03,080 --> 00:43:07,520
I think they're like similar, 
but just taking into account 

755
00:43:07,840 --> 00:43:12,920
like, you know, the whole 
history of yeah, that's. 

756
00:43:13,120 --> 00:43:16,520
Language. 
And yeah, so like. 

757
00:43:16,600 --> 00:43:20,960
The cultural vernacular that we 
still saturate you from speaking

758
00:43:20,960 --> 00:43:23,440
English, OK. 
So yeah, that's a whole rabbit 

759
00:43:23,440 --> 00:43:25,040
hole I could go down. 
That's so interesting. 

760
00:43:25,640 --> 00:43:27,560
I know. 
So I think it's like similar to 

761
00:43:27,560 --> 00:43:31,120
spoken English, you know, 
somebody who is communicating 

762
00:43:31,120 --> 00:43:34,000
with their black family might 
use different signs and if they 

763
00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:36,160
were signing with like, white 
friends, kind of like code 

764
00:43:36,160 --> 00:43:40,280
switching. 
Yeah. 

765
00:43:40,280 --> 00:43:41,200
Yeah. 
But I thought that was 

766
00:43:41,200 --> 00:43:43,840
interesting and would probably 
want to learn more about that. 

767
00:43:43,840 --> 00:43:45,760
So yeah. 
In conclusion, there's a lot of 

768
00:43:45,760 --> 00:43:48,680
variance in the use of ASL and 
other signs. 

769
00:43:49,640 --> 00:43:52,480
It's an important communication 
tool for the deaf community, 

770
00:43:53,080 --> 00:43:56,880
regardless of any hearing 
correction they may or may not 

771
00:43:56,880 --> 00:43:59,280
have or however much hearing 
they do have. 

772
00:44:00,600 --> 00:44:03,600
And I think it's important to 
mention that just like that 

773
00:44:03,600 --> 00:44:09,280
combination of communication or 
languages is becoming kind of 

774
00:44:09,280 --> 00:44:13,080
the standard of care for deaf 
children. 

775
00:44:13,080 --> 00:44:17,520
Learning both ASL and spoken 
English, reading English. 

776
00:44:18,920 --> 00:44:24,320
So yeah, that that's my my stuff
errands. 

777
00:44:24,320 --> 00:44:27,120
Does any of this sound familiar 
from layer class? 

778
00:44:28,760 --> 00:44:30,800
Those brain sets are dead a long
time. 

779
00:44:30,920 --> 00:44:35,760
Your class more like teaching 
you how to speak it versus I 

780
00:44:35,760 --> 00:44:38,600
don't know, maybe a lot of I 
mean, I guess Amy did talk about

781
00:44:38,600 --> 00:44:40,160
like how to do different things,
but. 

782
00:44:40,440 --> 00:44:43,080
It was intro and it wasn't in 
person. 

783
00:44:43,240 --> 00:44:46,160
So it was you watch the 
professor's video and then you 

784
00:44:46,160 --> 00:44:47,920
record yourself, do a video 
back. 

785
00:44:48,960 --> 00:44:52,760
And then like I said, it was 
like I wanted to learn it a lot.

786
00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:54,800
My drive was there, but I had so
many. 

787
00:44:54,800 --> 00:44:57,080
I think that was a semester I 
had O Chem as well. 

788
00:44:57,080 --> 00:45:00,440
So that was kind of the least of
my priorities at that point, 

789
00:45:00,880 --> 00:45:03,160
unfortunately. 
But I've, yeah, I really want to

790
00:45:03,160 --> 00:45:08,280
go back and just get like a, you
know, a handful of things down 

791
00:45:08,280 --> 00:45:12,240
and practicing. 
So I'm curious, I didn't come 

792
00:45:12,240 --> 00:45:15,440
across any of the chimp things 
or like I didn't research into 

793
00:45:15,440 --> 00:45:18,440
like the animal sign language. 
So what do you know about that? 

794
00:45:19,640 --> 00:45:23,520
I mean, it's just a tool that 
for yeah, non human primates 

795
00:45:23,520 --> 00:45:28,360
that we've been using to 
communicate and they've, I, I 

796
00:45:28,360 --> 00:45:31,080
have it on my list of topics to 
talk about as well at some 

797
00:45:31,080 --> 00:45:33,480
point. 
But I think like, I just find it

798
00:45:33,480 --> 00:45:38,000
interesting that they can also 
take words like, I think there 

799
00:45:38,000 --> 00:45:41,320
was like a caretaker that was 
pregnant and lost their baby and

800
00:45:41,320 --> 00:45:45,400
like the next time they went in 
and I think it was a gorilla. 

801
00:45:46,040 --> 00:45:48,960
They like signed baby and then 
like cry and all that. 

802
00:45:48,960 --> 00:45:54,280
So they're just like it's 
intuitive or it's, it's, it's 

803
00:45:54,280 --> 00:45:56,080
just a way to I guess. 
Yeah. 

804
00:45:56,360 --> 00:46:02,040
Talk to species that aren't us, 
but like can also talk back, you

805
00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:06,760
know, I don't know, really cool 
stuff like Coco and I can't 

806
00:46:06,760 --> 00:46:07,920
remember. 
There's a bunch of others. 

807
00:46:07,920 --> 00:46:09,080
I think it's. 
Sounds like a drunk. 

808
00:46:09,800 --> 00:46:14,480
I know, I know. 
Amy, are you going to go and 

809
00:46:15,200 --> 00:46:18,800
take a class or learn more now 
that you've sparked this 

810
00:46:18,800 --> 00:46:20,000
interest even more? 
I'm sure. 

811
00:46:20,800 --> 00:46:24,200
Oh gosh, I don't know. 
I like that. 

812
00:46:24,200 --> 00:46:26,360
I feel like the best way to 
learn it would be to like 

813
00:46:26,920 --> 00:46:31,360
talking with a native speaker. 
So far as like learning from 

814
00:46:31,360 --> 00:46:33,600
that. 
I feel like there's probably a 

815
00:46:33,600 --> 00:46:38,040
lot of classes that you could 
find online that are taught by 

816
00:46:38,040 --> 00:46:42,920
somebody who is deaf, just like 
using subtitles or like somebody

817
00:46:42,920 --> 00:46:45,960
voicing it over. 
So like communicate with a 

818
00:46:45,960 --> 00:46:49,480
hearing person. 
So maybe, maybe. 

819
00:46:50,880 --> 00:46:54,560
I think this episode inspired me
and more than I've ever felt to 

820
00:46:54,560 --> 00:46:56,680
learn it. 
Like it feels like we were 

821
00:46:56,680 --> 00:47:00,240
saying just super intuitive, 
which I enjoy. 

822
00:47:00,240 --> 00:47:05,160
And to Aaron's point to like we 
should maybe all be required to 

823
00:47:05,160 --> 00:47:07,720
take a class or two of it in 
school I think would be cool. 

824
00:47:09,120 --> 00:47:10,880
Yeah. 
I mean, it is considered a 

825
00:47:11,440 --> 00:47:15,600
foreign language, I guess. 
And so if you needed a credit, 

826
00:47:15,600 --> 00:47:18,440
if you're in college, that could
be a foreign language credit, I 

827
00:47:18,440 --> 00:47:21,240
guess, or a world language 
credit versus taking Spanish or 

828
00:47:21,240 --> 00:47:29,280
French or, and maybe like just 
as or more useful because like I

829
00:47:29,280 --> 00:47:32,880
said, like I have students that 
use some signs and errands, you 

830
00:47:32,880 --> 00:47:37,120
know, somebody who uses sign 
language and it's just, yeah, 

831
00:47:37,640 --> 00:47:42,320
it's a cool language. 
And I think a beautiful language

832
00:47:42,320 --> 00:47:45,840
too, if you just like watch 
people communicating with it. 

833
00:47:46,400 --> 00:47:50,440
Yeah, I'm also curious to learn 
more about like the cochlear 

834
00:47:50,440 --> 00:47:53,720
implant as well. 
I don't know too much besides 

835
00:47:53,720 --> 00:47:57,400
that sometimes people get it 
implanted and then they can 

836
00:47:57,400 --> 00:47:59,520
hear. 
But I is it like, I don't know, 

837
00:47:59,520 --> 00:48:01,760
Do you guys know much about the 
cochlear implant? 

838
00:48:02,480 --> 00:48:05,760
I know somebody that, no, I 
just, I know, like I know 

839
00:48:05,760 --> 00:48:09,200
somebody that's deaf that can 
like hear me still, you know 

840
00:48:09,200 --> 00:48:10,960
what I mean? 
And so like I'm assuming that's 

841
00:48:10,960 --> 00:48:13,120
what she has and that is the 
extent of my knowledge. 

842
00:48:13,120 --> 00:48:15,960
I think it's interesting and 
yeah, I don't know. 

843
00:48:16,600 --> 00:48:22,600
Yeah, I just kind of looked at 
it a little bit and I think they

844
00:48:22,600 --> 00:48:28,400
can hear stuff, but it doesn't 
necessarily sound like you and I

845
00:48:28,400 --> 00:48:30,080
would hear. 
Not necessarily. 

846
00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:35,120
Yeah, I'm curious, OK. 
Then I suppose like some people 

847
00:48:35,120 --> 00:48:37,480
too, I think there's like a 
range of deafness, right? 

848
00:48:37,480 --> 00:48:39,320
So some people are born like 
completely deaf. 

849
00:48:39,320 --> 00:48:41,320
Some people acquire that 
deafness. 

850
00:48:41,720 --> 00:48:44,240
Some people just have really, 
really bad hearing. 

851
00:48:44,400 --> 00:48:47,400
So maybe you can use like a 
different amplification to hear 

852
00:48:47,400 --> 00:48:48,600
better. 
Yeah. 

853
00:48:48,680 --> 00:48:51,840
So yeah, again, that's a whole 
different. 

854
00:48:52,240 --> 00:48:54,040
Thing yeah, another thing 
that's. 

855
00:48:54,600 --> 00:48:56,200
Cool. 
Yeah, really cool. 

856
00:48:56,200 --> 00:48:58,160
I learned a lot. 
Yeah, I did not. 

857
00:48:58,760 --> 00:49:01,400
Yeah, I've realized how much 
goes into it, you know? 

858
00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:03,440
Isn't that fun? 
I just didn't. 

859
00:49:03,480 --> 00:49:08,200
Know it's fun, yeah, I learned I
I liked doing that research. 

860
00:49:08,320 --> 00:49:10,760
Yeah. 
Thanks for thanks for having me 

861
00:49:10,760 --> 00:49:11,280
on. 
That was fun. 

862
00:49:11,640 --> 00:49:13,520
Yeah. 
Thanks. 

863
00:49:13,520 --> 00:49:15,480
Yeah, we appreciate you taking 
the time. 

864
00:49:16,200 --> 00:49:21,360
Absolutely. 
Well, that was fun. 

865
00:49:21,360 --> 00:49:23,520
I wish I could just like do this
in sign language right now. 

866
00:49:23,520 --> 00:49:25,760
Like that'd be cool. 
Like to alongside what I'm 

867
00:49:25,840 --> 00:49:27,320
saying. 
OK, could be your goal. 

868
00:49:27,600 --> 00:49:32,200
Yeah, maybe would watch. 
Yeah, be more inclusive that 

869
00:49:32,200 --> 00:49:35,000
way. 
But anyway, thank you so much 

870
00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:37,040
again for joining us, Amy. 
That was really fun. 

871
00:49:37,680 --> 00:49:40,040
And that's really it for this 
week's rabbit hole. 

872
00:49:41,280 --> 00:49:46,520
Next week dot dot dot. 
It will be. 

873
00:49:46,520 --> 00:49:50,040
It'll be here eventually. 
Yep, maybe next week. 

874
00:49:51,400 --> 00:49:53,920
But anyway, tell us what you're 
hyperfixated on as well. 

875
00:49:53,920 --> 00:49:57,200
Drop it in the comments, DMS, or
e-mail us and maybe your 

876
00:49:57,200 --> 00:50:00,040
obsession will make it into a 
future episode as well. 

877
00:50:00,600 --> 00:50:04,320
Until then, embrace the spiral, 
stay curious, and we'll see you 

878
00:50:04,320 --> 00:50:05,880
next time. 
Bye. 

879
00:50:06,400 --> 00:50:11,360
Bye, it's hyperfixation time.
