1 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:06,960 You're listening to Weird and Dead, the paleontology podcast 2 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:09,200 that tells evolutions most embarrassing and bizarre 3 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:10,880 stories. I'm Megan Wetherell. 4 00:00:10,920 --> 00:00:13,960 And I'm Amy Atwater, and we are two living scientists who are 5 00:00:13,960 --> 00:00:16,280 weirdly excited about dead things. 6 00:00:17,480 --> 00:00:20,720 Get prepared to gag and gag and gag as Amy gleefully describes 7 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:24,040 bird milk consistency and we Mull over the likelihood of 8 00:00:24,040 --> 00:00:27,480 lactating dinosaurs. Some of which were pink, by the 9 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:28,960 way. Fully convinced. 10 00:00:29,320 --> 00:00:32,159 And then she implicates me in a crime that we definitely did not 11 00:00:32,159 --> 00:00:33,680 commit. Or maybe we did. 12 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:37,040 Or maybe you just got experience with crops for other reasons you 13 00:00:37,040 --> 00:00:39,440 creep. Like always, our podcast is 14 00:00:39,440 --> 00:00:42,360 disgusting. If you think mammal milk or 15 00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:46,720 vomit or both are gross in any way, this just might not be the 16 00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:49,880 episode for you. It sure shit was not the episode 17 00:00:49,880 --> 00:00:57,320 for me. Are you ready? 18 00:00:57,760 --> 00:01:02,840 Yeah, milk me mala every time you say I'm. 19 00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:10,560 Like a wagon wheel. Okay, that's disgusting. 20 00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:14,760 This is a good start. So obviously, guys, we're 21 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:17,960 talking about milk to some definition of milk. 22 00:01:17,960 --> 00:01:20,080 Kind of, yeah. It kind of depends on how you 23 00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:22,440 define milk, which is a great, actually. 24 00:01:22,440 --> 00:01:24,200 Yeah, that could be even a great start. 25 00:01:24,200 --> 00:01:28,000 Like, you know what is milk? It's not even across mammals, 26 00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:31,240 like the same. And all mammals produce milk of 27 00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:34,360 some type, but very weird and different. 28 00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:38,360 Like the monotremes like platypus and echidna don't have 29 00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:41,160 nipples. They just kind of secrete milk. 30 00:01:41,320 --> 00:01:45,080 And I guess it's just like. From Milky patches. 31 00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:47,560 Yeah. So like you are already, you got 32 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:49,360 you've, you've dabbled, you've you've. 33 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:54,280 Tip. To toe into the monetary milk. 34 00:01:54,680 --> 00:01:58,840 But I hadn't thought ever because I don't think until it's 35 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:02,560 in front of me about other animals having milk besides 36 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:04,680 mammals because we think of it as so definitive. 37 00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:07,960 And then last week, I was walking the Ridge with a friend 38 00:02:08,320 --> 00:02:11,120 and we were talking about something about, like, female 39 00:02:11,120 --> 00:02:15,200 stuff and like, oh, yeah, we don't get as much studies on 40 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:17,280 female anatomy. And my friend was like, oh, 41 00:02:17,320 --> 00:02:22,560 yeah, I know, like crop milk. And I was like, what crop milk? 42 00:02:22,640 --> 00:02:25,160 Kind of like when I said it to you earlier this week, I 43 00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:29,800 immediately kind of had a vague idea of what it must entail, but 44 00:02:29,800 --> 00:02:32,320 didn't had never heard of it or anything like that. 45 00:02:32,640 --> 00:02:35,280 So today we're going to be talking about crop milk, which 46 00:02:35,280 --> 00:02:37,920 is essentially bird lactation in a way. 47 00:02:37,920 --> 00:02:41,960 Talk about how it's like your face is going to be so great. 48 00:02:43,080 --> 00:02:45,640 We're going to talk about similarities and differences to 49 00:02:45,640 --> 00:02:47,560 mammals. We're going to be talking about 50 00:02:47,560 --> 00:02:50,520 the birds that do this. We're going to be talking about 51 00:02:50,520 --> 00:02:56,440 some phylogenetic implications and some deep time implications. 52 00:02:56,440 --> 00:02:59,880 And the paper I found that was literally titled what are the 53 00:03:00,040 --> 00:03:01,720 what are the scroll up, scroll up. 54 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:05,280 Is it just yes, it's I love it. I love the title of a scientific 55 00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:06,720 paper that ends in a question mark. 56 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:08,080 I'm just really like. Oh yeah. 57 00:03:08,240 --> 00:03:12,080 This one is quite simple. It is just dinosaur lactation. 58 00:03:14,720 --> 00:03:16,800 Which would also be a great band name, yeah. 59 00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:21,400 It'd be great. OK, so let's dive on into this 60 00:03:21,400 --> 00:03:23,440 crop. Yep. 61 00:03:23,920 --> 00:03:28,320 Which again, I was familiar with the crop of birds, which is a 62 00:03:28,320 --> 00:03:30,200 part of the digestive tract, right? 63 00:03:30,200 --> 00:03:32,280 That is like at the base of the throat. 64 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:36,400 Essentially it's for food storage before it hits the tum. 65 00:03:36,400 --> 00:03:39,600 Tum for digestion. It's just like an enlarged kind 66 00:03:39,680 --> 00:03:42,720 of pocket in the esophagus. It's a pocket. 67 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:44,280 Yeah. It's a crop pocket. 68 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:47,320 I wanted to wear a crop top today, but it's, it's actively 69 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:50,520 snowing outside. So I am cold and wearing, I'm 70 00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:53,000 wearing alpaca wool instead. So. 71 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:57,280 But underneath, I wish I was wearing a crop top for this crop 72 00:03:57,280 --> 00:04:00,320 milk. And as I was reading about 73 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:04,120 crops, I was like, Oh yeah, do you know where I'm going to go? 74 00:04:04,120 --> 00:04:06,600 With this, oh, I don't. Remember that time? 75 00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:08,600 I don't but I'm really worried do. 76 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:10,560 You remember. You remember that time? 77 00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:14,560 No, and I'm hoping that I just forgot it with the concussion 78 00:04:14,720 --> 00:04:15,760 but. No, you didn't. 79 00:04:15,760 --> 00:04:20,079 No, no, It was that time that we were in a place and driving to 80 00:04:20,079 --> 00:04:22,600 go camping and we were driving my car. 81 00:04:24,360 --> 00:04:26,080 You know where I'm going now. Yeah, I do. 82 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:27,400 I do. You're about to admit to a 83 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:30,640 crime. By the way, we didn't do a cry. 84 00:04:30,640 --> 00:04:32,160 We didn't. I'm not going to say where we 85 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:33,480 work. Oh, right. 86 00:04:33,480 --> 00:04:34,800 Is it a cry? It's a cry. 87 00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:37,600 I mean, well, I'm not saying where we work. 88 00:04:37,600 --> 00:04:41,520 OK, well I guess it's true. It's not a crime in some spots. 89 00:04:42,080 --> 00:04:45,400 Are you kidding me? My stepmom is known in Eugene to 90 00:04:45,400 --> 00:04:48,960 like be the person if someone hits a Turkey with their car she 91 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:51,440 they like text her and she goes and like harvests the. 92 00:04:51,440 --> 00:04:55,640 Turkey she person of me wants to be compared to your stepmom 93 00:04:56,760 --> 00:04:58,080 that's. A good call, man. 94 00:04:59,080 --> 00:05:01,800 There's no beneficial aspect of that. 95 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:04,560 Well, I'll keep this, I'll keep this like speculative. 96 00:05:04,560 --> 00:05:09,480 So we were maybe driving a maybe car, maybe it was a boat and we 97 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:12,920 maybe while you were driving had a pheasant that maybe just 98 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:15,760 jumped from the side of the road into us. 99 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:18,840 It was not our fault. We were there first and it maybe 100 00:05:18,840 --> 00:05:21,160 died and I maybe said turn around. 101 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:27,160 And I was so confused like it's dead. 102 00:05:27,160 --> 00:05:29,920 Baby put it in the back. Tapped that like we don't need 103 00:05:29,920 --> 00:05:32,120 to go back for a double tap. I got it. 104 00:05:33,200 --> 00:05:37,480 I didn't mean to, but I got it. I was like, and I was like, I'm 105 00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:39,200 going to take that bird. I want that bird. 106 00:05:39,560 --> 00:05:43,840 I mean, I maybe put it in the back of my car and we maybe took 107 00:05:43,840 --> 00:05:46,880 it to that campground and we maybe dissected it and ate it 108 00:05:46,880 --> 00:05:51,080 that night. Now let's let's say that that 109 00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:53,600 happened. Let's just say that maybe we did 110 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:56,760 this. Now being a person who owns 111 00:05:56,760 --> 00:06:01,280 sheep that we sometimes do butcher, I now understand why 112 00:06:01,280 --> 00:06:08,120 maybe that would have resulted in US eating rubber as opposed 113 00:06:08,120 --> 00:06:11,440 to it was not good flesh. It was it theoretically it was 114 00:06:11,440 --> 00:06:13,240 really bad and it's rigor mortis. 115 00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:19,040 We didn't allow it to sit. We were too eager. 116 00:06:19,040 --> 00:06:20,920 We were too eager. You got to wait with the. 117 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:26,160 Tendons and making the the feet like making the feet and we, as 118 00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:30,000 we were dissecting it, we opened its crop and it had a bunch of 119 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:34,840 fresh grass and little rocks in it and it was like green fresh 120 00:06:34,840 --> 00:06:38,840 grass that had hey, it had a wonderful last meal it had. 121 00:06:40,760 --> 00:06:45,080 It's just like the elk that was full of grapes on Logan's 122 00:06:45,080 --> 00:06:52,600 parents. Hey, it made like maybe they 123 00:06:52,600 --> 00:06:55,080 were fermented. Well, maybe that elk was fucking 124 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:57,000 drunk. That's why they got the nuisance 125 00:06:57,000 --> 00:06:59,280 tag to take care of the Elks is because they would go for the 126 00:06:59,280 --> 00:07:00,840 vineyards. So yeah. 127 00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:03,200 Right. Yeah, and elk is grape. 128 00:07:03,200 --> 00:07:04,240 Spilling. Delicious. 129 00:07:04,480 --> 00:07:08,360 I mean, it's just there. So yeah, that is was my only 130 00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:10,480 first hand experience with a bird crop. 131 00:07:10,840 --> 00:07:15,160 Was that maybe that thing that maybe happened to us that one 132 00:07:15,160 --> 00:07:18,480 time over a decade ago? A long fucking time ago? 133 00:07:18,520 --> 00:07:20,360 Yeah. I don't know where we were. 134 00:07:20,560 --> 00:07:21,760 Yeah. What's the statute of 135 00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:25,080 limitations on that? Yeah, yeah, exactly. 136 00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:26,480 Yeah, Maybe it wasn't a pheasant. 137 00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:29,440 Maybe it was our chicken we had with us at XI, Don't know. 138 00:07:29,800 --> 00:07:33,880 Anyway, so the crop is where all this food kind of sins while it 139 00:07:33,880 --> 00:07:37,240 waits to be digested and it processes down through it. 140 00:07:37,480 --> 00:07:40,800 And crop milk is exactly what you think it is. 141 00:07:41,080 --> 00:07:45,320 It is throat milk. It is instead of nipple milk. 142 00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:50,240 It is making milk in your your throat pocket. 143 00:07:51,520 --> 00:07:54,080 So they make it in their little throat pocket and then they puke 144 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:57,960 it into their baby's mouth. OK, so it does involve puke, but 145 00:07:58,320 --> 00:08:02,920 fortunately in less of a direct like substance way than I was 146 00:08:03,080 --> 00:08:05,240 worried about. I was worried that crop milk was 147 00:08:05,240 --> 00:08:10,920 just like ornithologist really trying to like re pitch the idea 148 00:08:10,920 --> 00:08:14,720 of puke being fed to baby birds that it was repackaged for APR 149 00:08:14,720 --> 00:08:18,160 thing but. I see like the whole Got milk 150 00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:19,520 campaign, right? Yeah. 151 00:08:19,520 --> 00:08:22,360 This is like ornithologist being like no crop milk. 152 00:08:22,360 --> 00:08:29,280 It's not creepy. Sardine soup, OK? 153 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:31,960 OK. So it is a secretion from the 154 00:08:31,960 --> 00:08:35,320 lining of the crop that they then the generates there. 155 00:08:35,320 --> 00:08:38,240 And we're talking a little bit about the the organic chemistry 156 00:08:38,240 --> 00:08:40,320 of all that, which was the only time I've cared. 157 00:08:40,919 --> 00:08:44,120 It's pretty rare. It's only documented currently 158 00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:46,200 in like 3 different groups of birds. 159 00:08:46,200 --> 00:08:50,440 Pigeons do it, flamingos do it, and emperor Penguins do it. 160 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:54,360 Now the question I saw a lot is, is it milk? 161 00:08:54,560 --> 00:08:56,920 Yeah. What is the defining 162 00:08:56,920 --> 00:08:59,640 characteristic of milk? What makes milk milk? 163 00:08:59,760 --> 00:09:03,720 Yeah, that's a great question. Like I went to a talk once in 164 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:07,000 Graduate School from a woman who studied milk and primates, and 165 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:09,960 it became quite apparent that like a lot of things, it's not 166 00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:12,760 very well studied. But in the most cases, human 167 00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:17,720 milk is composed of fat, protein and some carbohydrates, which is 168 00:09:17,720 --> 00:09:20,720 usually like a lactose of sugar, something like that. 169 00:09:20,920 --> 00:09:24,440 Cow milk is quite similar. Camel milk is pretty similar, 170 00:09:24,560 --> 00:09:27,000 but there are types of mammals that have almost none of the 171 00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:29,520 carbohydrate in there. And some that have like marine 172 00:09:29,520 --> 00:09:33,360 mammals have like shit tons. Like I think it was like, yeah, 173 00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:36,880 like like hooded seals or something like that, have like 174 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:40,040 crazy amounts of fat in theirs. And they're young, are able to 175 00:09:40,040 --> 00:09:43,000 gain like 40 lbs in a week off of this milk. 176 00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:45,600 Like super, super saturated with fat. 177 00:09:45,720 --> 00:09:50,600 I think it was like donkey milk has like no, has very little 178 00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:52,720 carbohydrates in it. And so that's kind of the thing 179 00:09:52,720 --> 00:09:56,320 with crop milk is it is it has both fat and protein like 180 00:09:56,320 --> 00:10:00,440 mammals, but no carbohydrates. So it's totally keto approved. 181 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:03,080 All birds are into the keto diet, apparently. 182 00:10:03,080 --> 00:10:06,080 Now milk is. You know what the. 183 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:08,800 Yeah, well, well, you'll see some pictures, so you can 184 00:10:08,800 --> 00:10:12,040 determine if you think that texture would define milk 185 00:10:12,040 --> 00:10:20,480 versus, I don't know, cheese, but OK, It's so for mammals, 186 00:10:20,480 --> 00:10:23,560 including myself. I happily, I didn't happily 187 00:10:23,560 --> 00:10:25,320 lactate. You lactated. 188 00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:26,320 It happened. I did it. 189 00:10:26,640 --> 00:10:28,280 Relaxated. It happened. 190 00:10:29,080 --> 00:10:32,040 Oh God, I was there. I wish I was not there. 191 00:10:32,400 --> 00:10:34,840 Oh my God. So it's like, I think there's a 192 00:10:34,840 --> 00:10:37,440 common misconception that when you give birth, you can like 193 00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:40,160 instantly like full stream ahead. 194 00:10:40,560 --> 00:10:42,920 That is not the case. It usually takes a couple of 195 00:10:42,920 --> 00:10:44,840 days for your milk to fully come in. 196 00:10:44,840 --> 00:10:47,120 It's OK because your baby has a really small tum tum. 197 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:50,560 So even a few drops here and there can like be OK while your 198 00:10:50,560 --> 00:10:53,040 milk comes in. I also use donor milk during 199 00:10:53,040 --> 00:10:55,680 that time as well. And then Oh my God, like your 200 00:10:55,680 --> 00:10:58,320 boobs get bigger throughout all of pregnancy, but holy shit, 201 00:10:58,640 --> 00:11:03,960 holy shit, couple days after I gave birth I anyway and all of 202 00:11:03,960 --> 00:11:08,040 that was controlled with prolactin and that's a hormone. 203 00:11:08,040 --> 00:11:10,520 It's pretty common. It's exactly what is triggering 204 00:11:10,520 --> 00:11:13,120 your ungulates to also produce milk. 205 00:11:13,800 --> 00:11:17,120 Cows are one of the few other species that have more breast 206 00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:20,720 tissue and have like a visible boobies kind of like us. 207 00:11:21,160 --> 00:11:24,840 That's also not that common, but the difference is is OK. 208 00:11:24,840 --> 00:11:28,480 So we just like got some like ingredient differences and then 209 00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:32,840 but the hormone is the same, the basic makeup is essentially the 210 00:11:32,840 --> 00:11:38,280 same and it's all by these glands, exocrine glands, right? 211 00:11:38,280 --> 00:11:42,760 So that these are different ways that your glands are secreting 212 00:11:42,960 --> 00:11:45,920 substances onto different surfaces through a bunch of 213 00:11:45,920 --> 00:11:48,120 different ducts. So this isn't just milk. 214 00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:54,440 We're talking sweat, spit, tears, prostate like all sorts 215 00:11:54,440 --> 00:11:54,960 of. Really. 216 00:11:54,960 --> 00:11:59,200 Fun stuff, just. The whole sweat tears, prostate. 217 00:11:59,200 --> 00:12:07,480 You know how I secrete prostate? Yeah, it's just another 218 00:12:07,480 --> 00:12:08,800 secretion. No big deal. 219 00:12:11,640 --> 00:12:17,280 So crop milk is a Holocrin based like that's how it is formed. 220 00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:21,120 So it's a different mechanism. While the the the stimulant is 221 00:12:21,120 --> 00:12:24,640 the same with prolactin, the actual mechanism that the body 222 00:12:24,640 --> 00:12:27,720 goes through to produce the milk is different. 223 00:12:27,920 --> 00:12:31,040 Crop milk is Holocrine. So essentially what I learned 224 00:12:31,040 --> 00:12:33,520 from this is like you have your little cells right that are 225 00:12:33,520 --> 00:12:37,840 producing this this secretion. And there's a couple different 226 00:12:37,840 --> 00:12:41,400 ways to let go of the secretion and release it into the gland in 227 00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:45,040 the duct or what not. And with exocrine ones, it is 228 00:12:45,040 --> 00:12:48,000 where they kind of burst and erupt. 229 00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:52,120 There's some hand gestures, by the way, we're not filming 230 00:12:52,120 --> 00:12:54,800 anymore because our internets are too bad. 231 00:12:54,800 --> 00:12:57,960 But I do want you all to know that this is being acted out and 232 00:12:57,960 --> 00:13:02,080 that is making it worse. It is a worse experience over 233 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:05,240 you're. Welcome, You are so welcome. 234 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:10,200 So yes, it is released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, 235 00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:14,880 which destroys the cell and then results in the secretion of the 236 00:13:14,880 --> 00:13:17,080 product being released into the tube. 237 00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:20,400 So I I equate this to zip popping. 238 00:13:20,480 --> 00:13:23,360 So it's like great and it is helpful. 239 00:13:23,480 --> 00:13:24,400 Better. Yeah, you're right. 240 00:13:24,400 --> 00:13:28,080 That's a good analogy that is super fun for everyone. 241 00:13:29,280 --> 00:13:34,120 So just imagine your throat pocket is live with zits. 242 00:13:38,400 --> 00:13:47,400 I hate that. Yeah, so mammals do apocrine a 243 00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:53,720 system instead, where instead of the cells, the secretory cells 244 00:13:53,960 --> 00:13:57,120 actually bursting and rupturing, they create. 245 00:13:57,200 --> 00:13:59,280 I mean, this paper literally was like blebs. 246 00:13:59,280 --> 00:14:02,040 I was like blebs. So it kind of buds off of the 247 00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:06,640 cell and creates that like its own little BLOB that then is 248 00:14:06,640 --> 00:14:08,400 created. So that's how like that's how 249 00:14:08,400 --> 00:14:11,560 human, that's how mammal milk works, is it? 250 00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:14,080 It's more like a lava lamp in my opinion. 251 00:14:14,480 --> 00:14:18,040 Lava lamp levels up and like like it loses the top of it. 252 00:14:18,560 --> 00:14:21,000 And so one article was interesting because they were 253 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:24,840 pointing out that the holocron style actually does destroy 254 00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:29,560 those cells by rupturing and it is a greater impact on the 255 00:14:29,560 --> 00:14:33,640 parental energy investment. It's like more of a negative for 256 00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:34,800 them. Yeah, it sounds bad. 257 00:14:35,160 --> 00:14:36,640 More just yeah, yeah. It's not. 258 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:39,240 It's it's you're popping a bunch of zits in your throat to make 259 00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:41,400 milk for your baby. Throat sits for your your 260 00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:42,480 babies. Sounds bad. 261 00:14:42,560 --> 00:14:45,000 Yep. Yeah, but it works. 262 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:46,640 It works. It gets the job done. 263 00:14:47,080 --> 00:14:49,520 You're not a pigeon, you don't know, you weren't there. 264 00:14:49,960 --> 00:14:52,680 If you want to scroll to your first picture, it's I don't 265 00:14:52,680 --> 00:14:55,600 think it's that bad. This is just the picture of the 266 00:14:55,600 --> 00:14:59,520 crop in a pigeon, which is relevant because the first 267 00:14:59,520 --> 00:15:03,120 animal we are going to talk about that does crop milk is the 268 00:15:03,120 --> 00:15:06,560 pigeon. Pigeon milk is quite well known. 269 00:15:06,760 --> 00:15:09,560 They keep scrolling. Really illustrated the butt hole 270 00:15:09,560 --> 00:15:13,000 on this like that is deeply. Emphasized. 271 00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:15,680 I do. You're going to notice that 272 00:15:15,720 --> 00:15:19,920 right away. I was like my girl, she's got 273 00:15:19,920 --> 00:15:21,960 me. She's rectum. 274 00:15:22,200 --> 00:15:24,440 What's? The armpit glands that that's 275 00:15:24,440 --> 00:15:28,080 got going on here. Pectoral percatarialis major 276 00:15:28,080 --> 00:15:30,000 muscle cut across. Oh, those are just it's. 277 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:32,360 Peck muscles. Yeah, this is, this is an image 278 00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:36,800 of like a cross sectioned like drawing of a chicken that has 279 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:42,160 been tilted very explicitly and specifically to show you the 280 00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:45,560 cloaca. Like the cloaca is really, they 281 00:15:45,560 --> 00:15:49,480 didn't have to. They contorted this animal's 282 00:15:49,480 --> 00:15:53,520 body in order to make, it's kind of like those superhero posters, 283 00:15:53,520 --> 00:15:55,760 you know, where the woman has to contort her body to show her 284 00:15:55,760 --> 00:15:57,440 tits and her ass at the same time. 285 00:15:57,720 --> 00:16:00,320 Like we're getting full crop and cloak. 286 00:16:02,200 --> 00:16:04,040 Yeah, those are both very prominent. 287 00:16:04,040 --> 00:16:07,200 So is the trachea trachea. I remember that about that. 288 00:16:07,200 --> 00:16:10,480 Maybe that time we maybe dissected that wild maybe bird. 289 00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:13,480 It was that trachea. I was like, holy shit, this is 290 00:16:13,480 --> 00:16:16,040 fucking wild. This is wild. 291 00:16:16,040 --> 00:16:19,120 So pigeon slash doves, right? Pigeons are doves. 292 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:22,600 They're the same fucking thing. They have babies called squabs, 293 00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:25,520 which is cute. Is it like, what is the game 294 00:16:25,520 --> 00:16:29,280 that has like a pigeon that's people plays at Animal Crossing 295 00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:31,080 and they're like, would you like pigeon milk? 296 00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:32,440 I don't know. I'm not, I don't do. 297 00:16:32,440 --> 00:16:34,200 Games I don't know. I don't do that. 298 00:16:34,200 --> 00:16:35,800 But I don't do that game. That's for fucking. 299 00:16:35,840 --> 00:16:37,840 Sure. Yeah, they often pigeon milk. 300 00:16:37,840 --> 00:16:41,720 And I was like, yeah, so. So baby pigeons are cute, and 301 00:16:41,720 --> 00:16:44,280 they're hatched at an undeveloped state. 302 00:16:44,280 --> 00:16:45,880 So they're not they're. Not able. 303 00:16:45,920 --> 00:16:50,440 They're not cute. Well, they're little blade 304 00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:54,080 creatures with no feathers and giant eyes that are. 305 00:16:54,320 --> 00:16:57,760 Yeah, agree to disagree. Disagree. 306 00:16:58,280 --> 00:17:00,080 I think you're going to disagree a lot here. 307 00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:02,200 So it's all good. It's all good. 308 00:17:02,360 --> 00:17:05,119 So they are pretty underdeveloped, I guess when 309 00:17:05,119 --> 00:17:07,079 they are first born. So they're not able to eat the 310 00:17:07,079 --> 00:17:09,760 solid food or like garbage that pigeons eat. 311 00:17:10,160 --> 00:17:13,480 So and they but they grow like crazy in the first couple of 312 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:15,760 days of their lives. And that's because they're 313 00:17:15,760 --> 00:17:19,839 eating crop milk like their parents, which both males and 314 00:17:19,839 --> 00:17:22,760 female pigeons can produce crop milk. 315 00:17:22,960 --> 00:17:25,680 Most of our scenarios today, both the males and females can 316 00:17:25,680 --> 00:17:27,599 do it, which is another difference this from mammals. 317 00:17:27,599 --> 00:17:31,760 Males do not typically lactate. They technically have all of the 318 00:17:31,760 --> 00:17:36,160 equipment, all of the stuff. It has happened in human males. 319 00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:38,480 It's documented. It's not very common. 320 00:17:38,480 --> 00:17:41,560 I think I really freaked out my friends husband after she gave 321 00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:43,720 birth and he was like well I can't help with that. 322 00:17:43,720 --> 00:17:45,440 And I was like, well. Technically. 323 00:17:46,600 --> 00:17:50,040 Technically, it can happen too if like, I think the documented 324 00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:53,600 cases are really, really old. But like a mom who dies and the 325 00:17:53,600 --> 00:17:57,200 baby, like the baby crying and stuff like helps stimulate a 326 00:17:57,200 --> 00:17:59,600 male to lactate, which is very fascinating. 327 00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:02,560 But in a lot of these birds, both, both of them can do it. 328 00:18:02,560 --> 00:18:04,800 And then the Penguins that we talked about, it's only the 329 00:18:04,800 --> 00:18:08,480 males that do it. So with pigeons, it's only, 330 00:18:08,480 --> 00:18:10,920 they're only doing this for like the first couple of days or the 331 00:18:10,920 --> 00:18:13,400 first week or so. It's not very long. 332 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:14,320 It's. Yeah. 333 00:18:14,320 --> 00:18:18,480 One paper described it as white slime, I mean Cassius material. 334 00:18:19,040 --> 00:18:23,720 I found a picture of it online. I know what Cassius means and I 335 00:18:23,720 --> 00:18:27,560 don't like that at all actually. I don't know what that means. 336 00:18:27,560 --> 00:18:28,080 What does that? Mean. 337 00:18:28,080 --> 00:18:29,760 I'm pretty sure that just means cheesy. 338 00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:32,840 Yeah, most of the places describe its consistency as 339 00:18:32,840 --> 00:18:33,840 cottage cheese. Yeah. 340 00:18:34,240 --> 00:18:37,840 Yep, Yep, Yep. So if you want to go ahead. 341 00:18:37,840 --> 00:18:40,320 I'm so. Sorry, this is the worst part. 342 00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:42,320 OK, OK. Page. 343 00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:46,200 No. OK. 344 00:18:46,280 --> 00:18:49,240 And I'm gonna just keep going. I am not OK. 345 00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:51,400 OK. It looks like what someone has 346 00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:53,960 done here. This is horrible. 347 00:18:53,960 --> 00:18:56,760 I I hate you for this. I'm going to have nightmares 348 00:18:56,760 --> 00:18:59,960 about this. It looks like someone took like 349 00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:02,600 2 patties of ground beef and then puked on them. 350 00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:04,840 And that's the. And then they put it next to a 351 00:19:04,840 --> 00:19:06,520 ruler. That's what we're looking at. 352 00:19:06,920 --> 00:19:09,520 That is. Oh, my God, that. 353 00:19:09,720 --> 00:19:12,560 Oh OK, I thought they said it was white. 354 00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:17,400 An image that is absolutely, I know that paper arguably was 355 00:19:17,400 --> 00:19:19,800 from like the 1930s, so I don't know they knew what. 356 00:19:19,800 --> 00:19:23,280 Colors were it wasn't actually black and white. 357 00:19:24,400 --> 00:19:27,760 Those are just the movie. It's tying, I'm tying. 358 00:19:28,240 --> 00:19:29,840 OK, well, I'm going to walk you through it. 359 00:19:30,120 --> 00:19:32,720 So the first image. So these are all like dissected 360 00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:36,640 bits of pigeon at the first one. A, there's four images here. 361 00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:39,840 A is a crop during the non breeding season. 362 00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:41,400 So we just got an empty throat, pal. 363 00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:44,720 It just looks gross, like a little sack of flesh. 364 00:19:44,720 --> 00:19:48,440 And then the second B through D is all cropped during the 365 00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:52,080 lactation period. So I mean, yeah, it's filled 366 00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:58,840 with a kind of chunky, yellowy, grainy. 367 00:19:59,320 --> 00:20:03,520 If you've seen The Last of Us, it looks like the mushroom 368 00:20:03,520 --> 00:20:07,400 coming out of people's heads. I know you haven't. 369 00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:09,000 That was for the audience I know. 370 00:20:10,040 --> 00:20:13,120 I know, I know, I love. I'm doing an episode on 371 00:20:13,120 --> 00:20:15,720 mushrooms just to gross you out. That's what we're going to do 372 00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:18,240 next. I deserve that, I deserve that. 373 00:20:18,240 --> 00:20:21,280 I'm a little friendlier with them now because I found ways to 374 00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:27,280 enjoy them. So this paper, Megan, I was 375 00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:30,120 like, wow, there's a lot of studies on pigeon crop milk. 376 00:20:30,120 --> 00:20:32,480 That's weird. Yeah, it's because there are a 377 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:35,880 lot of countries in the world where pigeons are important 378 00:20:35,880 --> 00:20:39,920 commercial poultry, and they eat a shit ton of pigeons. 379 00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:43,040 And they needed to understand like how to synthetic make a 380 00:20:43,040 --> 00:20:46,840 synthetic pigeon milk so that they can make their squabs grow 381 00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:49,600 as fast and as big as possible. And that's. 382 00:20:49,600 --> 00:20:52,760 Why there has been so much research on it and as you can 383 00:20:52,760 --> 00:20:57,840 see at the bottom part of this page is an actual bag of pigeon 384 00:20:58,080 --> 00:21:02,960 crop milk like synthetic mix that you could buy if you found 385 00:21:02,960 --> 00:21:07,840 like an abandoned baby pigeon squab and you felt so you were 386 00:21:07,840 --> 00:21:11,120 so, you know, you just you were a loving person. 387 00:21:11,120 --> 00:21:14,720 You could buy this and you could feed them synthetic pigeon crop. 388 00:21:14,720 --> 00:21:16,800 And if you wanted to, you know, make it realistic, you could 389 00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:19,320 like, chew it up and spit. It I don't, no, I don't. 390 00:21:19,560 --> 00:21:22,080 I will say that being able to finally Scroll down and see that 391 00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:26,000 this is milk replacer for, for chicken or not for chickens, for 392 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:27,400 pigeons, I keep selling them chickens. 393 00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:31,160 That looks like a chicken is that's so much better than what 394 00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:34,000 I thought it was, which is I thought you were saying that 395 00:21:34,000 --> 00:21:37,560 people needed to be able to synthesize it to eat it, that 396 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:41,080 they were eating pigeon cheese and that pigeon cheese was like 397 00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:44,040 an important component of many cultures. 398 00:21:44,040 --> 00:21:47,160 And I didn't want to make that sound when we're talking about 399 00:21:47,160 --> 00:21:52,560 other cultures, but fuck me, I'm glad that's not the case. 400 00:21:54,560 --> 00:21:57,840 Oh that's hilarious because the eating of pigeons was actually 401 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:01,800 news to me and that was my own ignorance as well and I went 402 00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:04,600 through my own feelings about which is stupid. 403 00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:05,400 I eat chicken. All the time. 404 00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:08,000 We used to eat pigeons all the time in America. 405 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:10,720 We ate the passenger pigeon to extinction. 406 00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:12,760 Oh well, it must taste great then. 407 00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:14,840 Exactly my fault that they taste delicious. 408 00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:16,160 Look at the thing they're raised on. 409 00:22:16,160 --> 00:22:17,920 Look how nutritious and delicious that is. 410 00:22:18,720 --> 00:22:21,160 Well, probably nutritious. I don't know about anything 411 00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:21,960 else. I don't want to. 412 00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:23,960 I'm going to keep. Scrolling. 413 00:22:23,960 --> 00:22:26,040 Well. Oh my God, that's not. 414 00:22:26,120 --> 00:22:29,600 The worst? Well, I the next well don't 415 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:32,200 scroll yet. We'll, we'll get we're moving on 416 00:22:32,200 --> 00:22:38,320 to the next bird. Want more weird and dead content 417 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:40,680 and you don't want to wait? Or maybe you don't want to hear 418 00:22:40,680 --> 00:22:44,040 ads like this? Head on over to our Patreon for 419 00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:47,600 exclusive content, early ad free episodes, and so much more. 420 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:51,320 For only $5 a month, you too can hear our outtakes, exclusive 421 00:22:51,320 --> 00:22:53,240 episodes, and the stuff we cut for time. 422 00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:58,000 And also just because it was too much, too much for the general 423 00:22:58,000 --> 00:22:59,720 public. Are you looking for the best 424 00:22:59,720 --> 00:23:02,600 possible dinosaur or fossil related book for a kid in your 425 00:23:02,600 --> 00:23:03,680 life? Amy wrote one. 426 00:23:03,760 --> 00:23:06,560 It's got these amazing touchable illustrations, and while it is 427 00:23:06,560 --> 00:23:09,760 completely child friendly, some of our favorite not so 428 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:11,360 appropriate animals are hidden throughout. 429 00:23:11,480 --> 00:23:14,200 Get your copy of The Fossil Keeper's Treasure today wherever 430 00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:18,200 you buy books. So, flamingos, I could see the 431 00:23:18,200 --> 00:23:26,560 hedge. OK, so flamingos are also 432 00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:30,680 another bird that produce crop milk that feed their young fur 433 00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:33,320 up to about the first six months of their lives. 434 00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:36,320 Both males and females do it. Yeah, go ahead. 435 00:23:36,320 --> 00:23:38,680 You can go ahead and scroll. You can go see what it looks 436 00:23:38,680 --> 00:23:41,920 like in in Flamingos. Oh. 437 00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:53,720 Is that the traditional feeding mechanism where one yeah pukes 438 00:23:53,720 --> 00:23:58,240 it onto another one's head or? Apparently, Just go ahead and 439 00:23:58,240 --> 00:23:59,560 click on the link. Let's watch the. 440 00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:02,440 YouTube wait. It's only like it's only like 40 441 00:24:02,440 --> 00:24:04,400 seconds and. For context, what I'm currently 442 00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:08,360 looking at is 2 Penguins and a Penguin chick or not Penguins? 443 00:24:08,360 --> 00:24:09,440 Oh no. They're flipping ghosts. 444 00:24:09,960 --> 00:24:14,320 They're flipping ghosts. I am currently looking at 2 445 00:24:15,200 --> 00:24:17,120 pink. That's the word I was looking 446 00:24:17,120 --> 00:24:21,240 for pink birds. Flamingos feeding their chick. 447 00:24:21,480 --> 00:24:24,400 Except the way that they're feeding their chick is that the 448 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:31,240 top Flamingo appears to have puked red crop milk, which Amy 449 00:24:31,240 --> 00:24:36,480 has titled Flamingo crop milk strawberry flavored and that 450 00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:38,560 milk is dripping down across the eye. 451 00:24:38,560 --> 00:24:42,360 But it makes it look like the top Flamingo has brained the 452 00:24:42,360 --> 00:24:44,520 bottom Flamingo to feed their young. 453 00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:47,320 So OK, now I can go click on this. 454 00:24:47,480 --> 00:24:49,520 Yeah, it's like a waterfall effect. 455 00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:52,720 Like they're, they're like instead of each feeding it 456 00:24:52,720 --> 00:24:56,240 individually, they're kind of like cascade feeding for this 457 00:24:56,240 --> 00:24:58,520 cute little baby. Yeah. 458 00:24:58,520 --> 00:25:01,720 And so you can just go ahead and watch this great little video. 459 00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:04,160 It's still loading, you don't. Really need the sound and. 460 00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:08,000 What? OK there really is like this 461 00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:10,880 just feels like a weird way to involve your Co parent. 462 00:25:10,880 --> 00:25:12,640 Why do you have to puke it on the other one's head? 463 00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:16,560 I mean, it's beautiful. As a family of three myself, I 464 00:25:16,560 --> 00:25:21,480 find this inspiring. Kelly next child we have, I'm 465 00:25:21,480 --> 00:25:24,520 going to lactate onto your head and the baby's going to try and 466 00:25:24,520 --> 00:25:27,480 slurp it off of you and. It will cascade off of your 467 00:25:27,480 --> 00:25:29,960 titty. Onto the back of the bird. 468 00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:32,920 It's not even making it into the little bird's mouth. 469 00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:36,080 This looks like 2 animals who don't know how to do this. 470 00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:41,320 These are new parents. It's hard, man. 471 00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:44,000 It's hard, OK. I mean the title. 472 00:25:44,120 --> 00:25:47,640 Is backwards for like a week. Two adult flamingos trying to 473 00:25:47,640 --> 00:25:52,200 feed the same chick like. Yeah, that's true. 474 00:25:52,360 --> 00:25:55,600 Yeah, OK. But a lot of people, because 475 00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:58,680 it's bright red, a lot of people thought it was blood or that 476 00:25:58,680 --> 00:26:01,600 they were being like attacked or feeding their child blood. 477 00:26:02,320 --> 00:26:07,320 And it's not because flamingos eat this like, you know, krill 478 00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:11,240 and tiny thing rich diet that gives them the carotenoids that 479 00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:15,280 make them this pink color. It means that their crop milk is 480 00:26:15,280 --> 00:26:19,440 fucking blood red. It it it's just the beauty of 481 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:23,440 nature. All things wise, yes, endless 482 00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:25,520 forms, most beautiful are being evolved. 483 00:26:27,200 --> 00:26:30,600 So they're right. So they eat a lot of algae and 484 00:26:30,600 --> 00:26:32,520 brine shrimp. That is why they have their 485 00:26:32,520 --> 00:26:36,760 beautiful pink colors. And so when they are doing their 486 00:26:36,760 --> 00:26:39,680 crop milk production, apparently they also lose some of their 487 00:26:39,680 --> 00:26:43,880 plumage color during this time as they're like kind of giving 488 00:26:43,880 --> 00:26:47,920 it up to the baby, I guess. Like red dye #40 deliberately 489 00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:49,480 feeding it to your child. Yeah. 490 00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:54,520 Imagine if you're fake tan or like ran as you were lactating 491 00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:55,440 or something. It's. 492 00:26:55,520 --> 00:26:56,800 The same shit. Yeah. 493 00:26:56,800 --> 00:26:59,000 I was Googling it and I was like, oh, I've used that. 494 00:27:01,880 --> 00:27:03,720 Yeah, no, exactly. Like if you. 495 00:27:03,800 --> 00:27:06,400 No, it really is like if I I mean, I was part raised on 496 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:07,880 kool-aid. This is relatable. 497 00:27:07,880 --> 00:27:10,760 Like I remember as a child making my own kool-aid. 498 00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:15,880 I was like 3 cups of sugar and no water and I was like, so. 499 00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:20,240 But as they go on that, it gets less red apparently, because I 500 00:27:20,400 --> 00:27:22,040 don't know why, but apparently it does. 501 00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:25,880 But yeah, it's all about what they're eating and whatnot. 502 00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:29,360 Yeah, with this carotenoids that create that. 503 00:27:29,880 --> 00:27:33,360 So what I found really interesting about this is a 504 00:27:33,360 --> 00:27:37,720 paper I read that was all about how important it is for the a 505 00:27:37,800 --> 00:27:41,440 lot of flamingos are endangered. And it is important. 506 00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:44,680 I think all species actually maybe, maybe not, that the 507 00:27:44,760 --> 00:27:47,800 people need to be able to know how to hand rear nestlings for 508 00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:50,360 when they're abandoned or orphaned in the wild. 509 00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:55,280 And so this entire paper was literally about a recipe for how 510 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:58,920 to make Flamingo crop milk. And I thought it was awesome. 511 00:27:58,920 --> 00:28:02,360 So I'm going to read you the formula for you right now. 512 00:28:02,360 --> 00:28:04,680 I don't know why I found this so amusing, but I was just like, 513 00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:06,800 this is like a recipe, but it's for. 514 00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:11,080 We're just really getting crazy as people with our ability to 515 00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:14,040 replicate milk, like we are making new milks from nuts. 516 00:28:14,360 --> 00:28:19,960 We are just yeah, the milk industry is bizarre. 517 00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:23,240 Yeah, I mean, and I know the next time I get a coffee, I'm 518 00:28:23,240 --> 00:28:27,200 gonna be like, no, not oat milk. No, not almond milk, not soy 519 00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:29,920 milk, not regular milk. I would like Flamingo, milk 520 00:28:29,960 --> 00:28:33,000 pigeon. The next Starbucks idea Penguin. 521 00:28:34,360 --> 00:28:39,880 Yeah, Flamingo milk. Yeah, everyone wants a pink. 522 00:28:39,880 --> 00:28:41,840 Drink. Just make it pink and taste like 523 00:28:41,840 --> 00:28:46,320 shrimp and there you go. So it's super easy to make your 524 00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:47,880 own. I was thinking for a bonus for 525 00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:50,880 Patreon we could like make this but it would require ordering 526 00:28:50,880 --> 00:28:52,280 some ingredients that I don't want to get. 527 00:28:52,600 --> 00:28:55,240 So it's some bacteria. OK. 528 00:28:55,360 --> 00:29:03,680 Mineral water fish pellets grill human baby organic rice flour 1 529 00:29:03,760 --> 00:29:07,600 medium sized hard boiled hens egg yolk. 530 00:29:09,040 --> 00:29:12,200 Go back to the baby flower. What the fuck did you just say? 531 00:29:12,760 --> 00:29:17,720 Yeah, 20 grams of human baby organic rice flour. 532 00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:19,640 I like to pause. Just for you, okay. 533 00:29:19,880 --> 00:29:21,640 So the human baby organic rice flour. 534 00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:24,920 Yeah, that was me. That's because I'm a sicko. 535 00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:28,000 Yeah. So essentially rice flour, but 536 00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:31,960 they spell it all out. An egg yolk, some large bird 537 00:29:31,960 --> 00:29:35,520 tablets, more bacteria, some calcium carbonate. 538 00:29:35,800 --> 00:29:39,800 And then you mix the rice flour, hard boiled hens, yag oak, egg 539 00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:43,440 yolk, calcium carbonate, vitamin tablet and the water were mixed 540 00:29:43,440 --> 00:29:45,080 into a liquid form and put into a bowl. 541 00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:50,000 Then the fish fillets and the krill and the other bacteria 542 00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:52,680 were mixed in a separate bowl, filtered and strained to get rid 543 00:29:52,680 --> 00:29:54,720 of any course particles, and then mixed with everything 544 00:29:54,720 --> 00:29:57,600 together and and store it in a fridge for up to 12 hours before 545 00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:01,800 being warmed to 39°C and fed to the chicks. 546 00:30:01,800 --> 00:30:04,360 That's fucking hot. That's hot for Celsius. 547 00:30:05,320 --> 00:30:08,600 So yeah, that's how you can make your own Flamingo milk. 548 00:30:08,760 --> 00:30:10,440 Now if we do. Apparently it works. 549 00:30:10,480 --> 00:30:14,160 Except this is a challenge. Do we have to taste it or are we 550 00:30:14,160 --> 00:30:16,680 just making? This I can't. 551 00:30:17,080 --> 00:30:19,000 Yeah, you. Know me, I hate seafood. 552 00:30:19,360 --> 00:30:21,760 It would be. Horrified, but I as soon as they 553 00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:25,280 got to like the the fish fillets, I was like, I'm out, 554 00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:29,840 I'm fucking out. I'm not here for this. 555 00:30:31,560 --> 00:30:34,560 Yeah, so that's how you can. So it's not blood. 556 00:30:34,560 --> 00:30:36,800 They used to think it was actually blood and then they 557 00:30:36,880 --> 00:30:39,840 like actually read about it. But what's funny is this article 558 00:30:39,840 --> 00:30:42,720 was from like the last five to 10 years or so and they're like, 559 00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:45,560 but it's hard because there's no work being done on the chemical 560 00:30:45,560 --> 00:30:48,000 composition of Flamingo milk. And I was like, well I just read 561 00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:50,000 a paper from. Are they just making it up? 562 00:30:50,800 --> 00:30:55,280 Yeah, well, they were going based on a formula from the 563 00:30:55,680 --> 00:30:59,160 SeaWorld California and Fort Worth Zoo, Texas. 564 00:30:59,280 --> 00:31:01,520 I don't know if you want to take any advice from SeaWorld 565 00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:06,400 California, though. You know, like choices choices. 566 00:31:06,640 --> 00:31:09,960 But I found another paper from 2001 that literally went into 567 00:31:09,960 --> 00:31:12,440 the chemical composition of Flamingo milk. 568 00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:14,840 So I was like, how was my literature review better than 569 00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:15,680 yours? I don't. 570 00:31:15,800 --> 00:31:21,760 I just feels like there must have been at SeaWorld a Flamingo 571 00:31:21,760 --> 00:31:24,960 milk sommelier, right, who's just trying to get the flavor 572 00:31:24,960 --> 00:31:27,760 profile down correctly 'cause they don't know what's in it. 573 00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:31,680 Like, yeah, that's, that's what that recipe sounds like. 574 00:31:31,680 --> 00:31:33,800 Is it? Sounds like me trying to 575 00:31:33,800 --> 00:31:38,120 replicate Yum sauce. Not necessarily chemically but 576 00:31:38,200 --> 00:31:39,800 taste wise. And that's gross. 577 00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:43,240 That's a weird job. Yeah, oh it's really hard with 578 00:31:43,240 --> 00:31:44,960 Yum sauce. Fucking holding on to that 579 00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:47,520 recipe. Those bastards. 580 00:31:47,520 --> 00:31:50,240 Bastards can never get it to not be gross and chunky just like 581 00:31:50,240 --> 00:31:52,280 that pigeon milk. OK, thank you. 582 00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:56,800 Hey, Yeah, actually, OK, that's a benefit of the Flamingo milk 583 00:31:56,800 --> 00:31:58,560 is it does not appear to be chunky. 584 00:31:58,560 --> 00:32:02,600 Yes, it's red and it looks like blood but doesn't look like 585 00:32:02,600 --> 00:32:06,000 cheese so. Yeah, and our last one is the 586 00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:09,200 emperor Penguin and I couldn't find any images of it anywhere 587 00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:11,520 because this something happens at like the dead of winter in 588 00:32:11,520 --> 00:32:13,440 Antarctica, so no one is out there. 589 00:32:14,840 --> 00:32:15,440 Bummer. I. 590 00:32:15,480 --> 00:32:17,960 Bet it is the chunkiest. I mean, come on. 591 00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:19,440 I mean, I don't know, I wasn't there. 592 00:32:20,640 --> 00:32:25,200 OK, so they're super weird because it's only the males that 593 00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:28,120 can produce the crop milk. So can you guess why? 594 00:32:29,440 --> 00:32:32,720 OK, why could only the males produce crop milk? 595 00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:34,680 I mean it's still produced in the crop. 596 00:32:35,400 --> 00:32:39,000 I don't know, maybe the the females are off getting fish and 597 00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:43,000 so they are already busy. Exactly, exactly. 598 00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:47,000 So I have never really, I mean I kind of cared 'cause they're 599 00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:48,640 cool. They like to like, mate with, 600 00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:50,120 like or attract each other with rocks. 601 00:32:50,120 --> 00:32:55,360 I can relate to that. But so female fasts I think like 602 00:32:55,440 --> 00:33:00,400 they do it Penguin style. I really hope that your 603 00:33:00,400 --> 00:33:04,000 microphone just captured that sound, but it will not capture 604 00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:07,920 your recreation of it. And I just, I don't even know 605 00:33:07,920 --> 00:33:09,240 what to. Yeah, OK. 606 00:33:09,440 --> 00:33:12,000 Well, yeah. So Penguins have sex. 607 00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:17,040 She ends up fasting for like 40-50 days while she's gearing 608 00:33:17,040 --> 00:33:20,440 up to lay that egg. She loses 1/4 of her body 609 00:33:20,440 --> 00:33:23,280 weight. So once she gets that kid out, 610 00:33:23,280 --> 00:33:26,720 man so relatable. She's like I'm out and she goes 611 00:33:26,720 --> 00:33:32,280 to the open ocean to feed while daddy Penguin incubates the egg 612 00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:34,560 for about 65 days. I've read this really old 613 00:33:34,600 --> 00:33:37,880 article, it's probably out of date but like while like she's 614 00:33:37,880 --> 00:33:39,960 waiting to pop out the egg. I guess they're like learning 615 00:33:39,960 --> 00:33:43,320 each other's calls and their vocal stuff because when they 616 00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:45,680 come back, there's like too many dudes. 617 00:33:45,680 --> 00:33:47,840 The article was like, well, there's no way they can tell the 618 00:33:47,840 --> 00:33:49,520 difference. They all look exactly the same. 619 00:33:49,520 --> 00:33:50,920 And I'm like, you're not a Penguin. 620 00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:52,480 I don't know how you would know that. 621 00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:55,160 That seems so arbitrary. I don't. 622 00:33:55,400 --> 00:34:02,040 So the daddy Penguin incubates the eggs for 65 days ish and 623 00:34:02,040 --> 00:34:06,160 over this period the males will lose about 40% of their body 624 00:34:06,160 --> 00:34:09,480 weight. They start out at about like 34 625 00:34:09,480 --> 00:34:12,639 to 40 kilograms. I did not put that into pounds, 626 00:34:12,639 --> 00:34:15,440 but it's a big fucking bird. Big ass bird. 627 00:34:16,199 --> 00:34:21,280 And then the chicks hatch around mid-july, which is usually when 628 00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:24,320 the females come back and they, like sing to each other to find 629 00:34:24,320 --> 00:34:28,440 them in the herd. But if the egg patches before 630 00:34:28,440 --> 00:34:32,800 mom gets home, the male, even though he has been like totally 631 00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:36,120 fasting this whole time, sitting on this egg, will still be able 632 00:34:36,120 --> 00:34:39,760 to feed the baby crop milk. So that's why only the male is 633 00:34:39,760 --> 00:34:41,560 able to do it. Because when mom gets back, she 634 00:34:41,560 --> 00:34:44,400 pukes fish everywhere and everyone eats it together like a 635 00:34:44,400 --> 00:34:45,880 beautiful family of three. I love it. 636 00:34:45,880 --> 00:34:51,920 It's so cute so but then the article also was like but before 637 00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:53,800 you like. This is my take before you get 638 00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:55,560 carried away with how amazing the male is. 639 00:34:55,560 --> 00:34:59,240 If the male loses enough weight before the female returns, he 640 00:34:59,240 --> 00:35:02,120 just straight up abandons. Yeah, yeah. 641 00:35:02,480 --> 00:35:04,440 I got to go eat some fish, motherfuckers. 642 00:35:04,760 --> 00:35:09,280 So they also eat or they also produce this crop milk. 643 00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:15,040 So it seems like a lot of times that the crop milk is a, an 644 00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:18,680 adaptation to allow birds to survive and have babies in 645 00:35:18,680 --> 00:35:21,560 environments where there's food scarcity sometimes or there's 646 00:35:21,560 --> 00:35:25,040 irregularity with like what food is available, lack of energy 647 00:35:25,040 --> 00:35:28,400 density to support the growth. So it, it, it does seem to be 648 00:35:28,400 --> 00:35:31,800 from these fairly extreme conditions that are able to do 649 00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:33,320 it. And it's not just about the 650 00:35:33,320 --> 00:35:35,280 nutrients. It's also building up the immune 651 00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:37,800 system for the Bibis. That was actually going to be 652 00:35:37,800 --> 00:35:40,880 one of my questions. Is that with mammals for the 653 00:35:40,880 --> 00:35:44,280 first, Well, at least with sheep, it's the 1st 24 hours. 654 00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:45,880 They're not really producing milk. 655 00:35:45,880 --> 00:35:50,160 They're producing colostrum, which is milk is, but it's also 656 00:35:50,160 --> 00:35:53,160 just antibodies. Yeah, it's, Yep, it's gross. 657 00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:55,400 It's like yellow. It is yellow, yeah. 658 00:35:55,560 --> 00:35:59,120 I mean mine was straight yellow. Yeah, yellow and significantly 659 00:35:59,120 --> 00:35:59,920 thicker. Yeah. 660 00:35:59,920 --> 00:36:03,960 So do birds that make crop milk make colostrum? 661 00:36:03,960 --> 00:36:06,920 Or is this kind of like a colostrum milk mix? 662 00:36:07,520 --> 00:36:10,360 I think the whole thing is essentially A colostrum milk 663 00:36:10,360 --> 00:36:12,280 mix. So it sounds like the flamingos 664 00:36:12,280 --> 00:36:15,600 are the only ones who do it for any long amounts of time. 665 00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:18,720 The pigeons and the Penguins are both pretty short. 666 00:36:18,720 --> 00:36:22,280 Like kind of just like stopgap measures to get to when mom 667 00:36:22,280 --> 00:36:25,160 comes home or when the baby is developed enough to be able to 668 00:36:25,160 --> 00:36:27,880 eat on its own. So I think it's pretty much jam 669 00:36:27,880 --> 00:36:30,240 packed with all of that. But yes. 670 00:36:30,240 --> 00:36:32,640 And mammals it's different. But also I don't know if anyone 671 00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:35,240 has studied like the stages of what? 672 00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:37,000 Who would want? If it changes. 673 00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:39,600 Who wants to milk a pigeon? People who? 674 00:36:40,360 --> 00:36:42,840 People who want to eat a shit ton of pigeons, apparently. 675 00:36:43,800 --> 00:36:46,160 How do you even get the pigeon to? 676 00:36:46,720 --> 00:36:51,440 How do you milk a pigeon? Do you take a tongue depressor 677 00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:54,960 You. Just like work the throat like 678 00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:57,560 a. She's giving her own neck a hand 679 00:36:57,560 --> 00:36:59,640 job right now. That's what she's doing. 680 00:37:06,440 --> 00:37:07,920 Oh my God, it is. Yeah. 681 00:37:07,920 --> 00:37:10,840 But it does have definitely an immune system thing as well. 682 00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:15,000 And so also another cool point was they tend to have not like a 683 00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:17,800 small number of offspring in all of these cases too. 684 00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:25,000 And my first question, when my friend told me about this and 685 00:37:25,000 --> 00:37:28,440 mentioned the different birds, I was like well wait, are any of 686 00:37:28,440 --> 00:37:30,880 those closely related? And no, they're not right? 687 00:37:30,880 --> 00:37:34,880 Like this is not one lineage who has figured this out. 688 00:37:35,080 --> 00:37:37,960 These are very distantly related birds. 689 00:37:37,960 --> 00:37:40,920 Like they are nowhere near each other on the bird family tree. 690 00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:45,280 We've got 3 fucking weirdos up in here and yet they've all 691 00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:48,880 evolved this independently. It seems to be a convergent kind 692 00:37:48,880 --> 00:37:53,800 of trait, which immediately then I was like, well, shit, that 693 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:57,520 means dinosaurs had crop milk. Dinosaurs. 694 00:37:57,680 --> 00:38:00,960 Birds are dinosaurs. If it evolved multiple times in 695 00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:05,240 modern birds that have only been around for I don't like, I don't 696 00:38:05,240 --> 00:38:07,640 know how many millions, not as long as dinosaurs were around. 697 00:38:09,400 --> 00:38:12,240 There's got to be dinosaurs that have produced crop milk. 698 00:38:12,280 --> 00:38:15,680 Yeah. And you know, to my not 699 00:38:15,680 --> 00:38:17,480 surprise, someone had published a paper on that. 700 00:38:18,560 --> 00:38:23,240 So I was a little annoyed because I wanted to be like milk 701 00:38:23,480 --> 00:38:27,120 dinosaurs. Yeah, but dinosaur lactation 702 00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:30,480 question mark is this paper single author pub, which always 703 00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:36,440 makes me wary. It publishes in 2013 704 00:38:36,600 --> 00:38:39,760 hypothesizing that yes, some dinosaurs, specifically 705 00:38:39,760 --> 00:38:43,480 herbivorous site nesting dinosaurs, would have had the 706 00:38:43,480 --> 00:38:46,680 ability to produce crop milk. So these would have been like 707 00:38:47,040 --> 00:38:50,760 ornithopod dinosaurs, probably hydrosaurus, like duck bill 708 00:38:50,760 --> 00:38:56,960 dinosaurs, excuse me. And because hydrosaur colonies 709 00:38:56,960 --> 00:39:00,520 regularly nested at the same sites, and a lot of these sites 710 00:39:00,520 --> 00:39:03,040 we do know, like I've been out to the Egg Mountain site in 711 00:39:03,040 --> 00:39:06,200 Montana where my asaura was doing the nesting thing. 712 00:39:06,560 --> 00:39:09,840 A lot of it doesn't have a ton of evidence of like a ton of 713 00:39:09,840 --> 00:39:14,200 vegetation or trees. They seem to be fairly exposed. 714 00:39:14,760 --> 00:39:18,840 They may have been exposed to pretty harsh environmental 715 00:39:18,840 --> 00:39:22,120 conditions. And again, like the birds, 716 00:39:22,200 --> 00:39:25,080 dinosaurs specifically, he really thinks it's like the 717 00:39:25,080 --> 00:39:27,760 hadrosaurs. But I really don't think that 718 00:39:28,240 --> 00:39:31,640 I've come to my own conclusions and I'm a fucking expert. 719 00:39:31,640 --> 00:39:36,240 So step aside. I think that like, I don't think 720 00:39:36,240 --> 00:39:38,520 it would have necessarily just been herbivorous dinosaurs 721 00:39:38,520 --> 00:39:40,880 because it's certainly not just herbivorous birds. 722 00:39:41,200 --> 00:39:42,880 So I don't entirely, you know, this. 723 00:39:42,880 --> 00:39:44,920 The reason behind that is like, well, they're the ones that we 724 00:39:44,920 --> 00:39:47,760 have proof of the parental care, which I'm like, well, that's not 725 00:39:47,760 --> 00:39:49,800 even necessarily true. Like we have Oviraptor and 726 00:39:49,800 --> 00:39:52,360 stuff, which I think is more thought to be omnivorous. 727 00:39:52,360 --> 00:39:56,280 And I could see that Oviraptor. So part of it with flamingos, 728 00:39:56,280 --> 00:39:59,320 why they're doing this is their little, their little bills are 729 00:39:59,320 --> 00:40:03,520 too soft to do all of the filter feeding that they need to do 730 00:40:03,520 --> 00:40:06,080 with their little and. That's why the parents need to 731 00:40:06,080 --> 00:40:08,560 do this. And I'm like, OK, well, that 732 00:40:08,560 --> 00:40:12,560 could be applying to other dinosaurs as well, like 733 00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:14,640 Oviraptor. You think that beak was like, 734 00:40:14,640 --> 00:40:17,120 ready to go as soon as that baby was born? 735 00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:19,640 Maybe. But maybe they were using crop 736 00:40:19,640 --> 00:40:21,120 milk. Especially in like the freaking 737 00:40:21,120 --> 00:40:25,240 Gobi Desert, You know, it's like fucking dunes of sand and wind 738 00:40:25,240 --> 00:40:30,200 storms all the time. And I'm also, you know, I think 739 00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:33,000 that there could be a case to be made for things like the Arctic 740 00:40:33,000 --> 00:40:36,520 and Antarctic dinosaurs may have been more likely to have 741 00:40:36,520 --> 00:40:39,400 dinosaur milk because they lived in this extreme, at least with 742 00:40:40,000 --> 00:40:44,280 light fluctuation and again, probably food availability in 743 00:40:44,280 --> 00:40:46,680 their environment. So especially if there's like 744 00:40:46,680 --> 00:40:50,400 any type of migration involved. So I mean, I'm, I'm not out now. 745 00:40:50,400 --> 00:40:54,200 The question was could do, did dinosaurs have crops? 746 00:40:54,360 --> 00:40:56,760 And I haven't been able to figure out if we have any solid 747 00:40:56,760 --> 00:40:59,520 evidence of this or not. Certainly not in this paper. 748 00:40:59,520 --> 00:41:03,600 It seemed to just be kind of like a just like amusing kind of 749 00:41:03,600 --> 00:41:06,440 thing it says. And so, yeah, 2013 that we 750 00:41:06,440 --> 00:41:12,440 didn't have fossil evidence of it, but his idea was that since 751 00:41:12,440 --> 00:41:16,040 there are crops and birds of all types of diets. 752 00:41:16,240 --> 00:41:18,640 It doesn't. Seem to be limited by diet. 753 00:41:18,880 --> 00:41:22,560 So that means that at least in his opinion, different all 754 00:41:22,560 --> 00:41:25,560 different types of dinosaurs may have had crops and may have been 755 00:41:25,560 --> 00:41:27,760 able to do this. So you can go ahead and Scroll 756 00:41:27,760 --> 00:41:30,880 down to this horrifying image of someone's recreation of a 757 00:41:30,880 --> 00:41:34,840 ornithician hatchling. You know they've made the milk 758 00:41:34,840 --> 00:41:38,440 look wet and white. So significantly less gross than 759 00:41:38,440 --> 00:41:40,560 any of the other images you've showed me. 760 00:41:41,720 --> 00:41:43,200 Almost cute. To me it really. 761 00:41:43,200 --> 00:41:45,240 Not, not quite. Serious, this one fucking 762 00:41:45,240 --> 00:41:48,640 grosses me. I really don't. 763 00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:51,440 It's just a dinosaur with milk dripping out its mouth. 764 00:41:51,680 --> 00:41:53,760 Sure, milk, totally. That's what I thought. 765 00:41:53,760 --> 00:41:58,160 A. Cute fowl fowl creature, yeah. 766 00:41:58,160 --> 00:41:59,760 Fowl. The whole thing is on fucking 767 00:41:59,760 --> 00:42:03,080 birds. Yeah. 768 00:42:03,080 --> 00:42:05,680 I was just like, who? This is gross. 769 00:42:05,680 --> 00:42:07,000 I was like, this is inappropriate. 770 00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:12,400 Yeah, but it's a cute little hatchling dripping milk. 771 00:42:12,400 --> 00:42:15,720 Definitely milk from its mouth. It's definitely milk. 772 00:42:16,360 --> 00:42:17,760 Mm, hmm. It's definitely milk. 773 00:42:18,160 --> 00:42:21,280 So, yeah, there's a there is some, it's been published. 774 00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:25,280 Sean, I didn't make this up. Yeah. 775 00:42:25,800 --> 00:42:28,440 And yeah, there's some thoughts that dinosaurs were able to do 776 00:42:28,440 --> 00:42:30,920 this. And then my last little point 777 00:42:30,920 --> 00:42:35,960 was as I was looking up, OK, well, are there any dinosaurs 778 00:42:35,960 --> 00:42:42,040 that were in Flamingo like niche and not dinosaurs, but there is 779 00:42:42,040 --> 00:42:49,600 a pterosaur pterodosterone that was a filter feeding pterosaur 780 00:42:50,480 --> 00:42:53,280 that is interpreted to live in the exact same niche as 781 00:42:53,280 --> 00:42:55,640 flamingos. It's from South America from the 782 00:42:55,640 --> 00:42:58,880 early Cretaceous. It had about 1000 bristle like 783 00:42:58,880 --> 00:43:02,000 modified teeth and its lower jaws that have been hypothesized 784 00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:06,560 to be used to strain crustacean crustaceans, plankton, algae and 785 00:43:06,560 --> 00:43:08,360 other small creatures from the water. 786 00:43:08,600 --> 00:43:12,520 And of course our favorite Bob Baker was like, well then they 787 00:43:12,520 --> 00:43:16,080 were fucking pink. Then these pterosaurs were pink. 788 00:43:16,160 --> 00:43:18,280 Pink, pink. And so I do like that, yeah. 789 00:43:18,600 --> 00:43:22,440 Yes, and so when I was like, OK, we talked about this before, but 790 00:43:22,440 --> 00:43:24,280 I'm just like, OK, everyone who's like, no, we don't know 791 00:43:24,280 --> 00:43:28,040 what color extinct animals are. I'm like some wear pink because 792 00:43:28,040 --> 00:43:29,960 they ate shit that made them pink. 793 00:43:29,960 --> 00:43:32,360 So we may not know anything else but they were pink. 794 00:43:32,520 --> 00:43:36,720 But of course the Reddit take on this I was so annoyed but also 795 00:43:38,240 --> 00:43:40,480 laughing. The post I found was called 796 00:43:40,480 --> 00:43:43,320 Satan's Flamingo and I was like what? 797 00:43:44,160 --> 00:43:48,400 Like again these fucking they have to make it like red like 798 00:43:48,400 --> 00:43:50,480 the devil and I'm like no it was pink. 799 00:43:51,280 --> 00:43:55,320 Stop trying to make it cool. Stop trying to make it like 800 00:43:55,720 --> 00:43:57,440 violence. Stop trying. 801 00:43:57,440 --> 00:44:00,160 To make it scary. It's right. 802 00:44:00,320 --> 00:44:02,160 It's pink. Get over it. 803 00:44:02,160 --> 00:44:04,440 Get over it. It was fucking pink. 804 00:44:04,440 --> 00:44:06,320 You can't. So you can go ahead and Scroll 805 00:44:06,320 --> 00:44:10,440 down and see that these images of pale art as well as the 806 00:44:10,440 --> 00:44:14,080 skull, which made me then immediately go, well, if they 807 00:44:14,080 --> 00:44:18,320 were doing the same feeding strategy, maybe they also had 808 00:44:18,320 --> 00:44:20,800 crop milk. Maybe pterosaurs also had crop 809 00:44:20,800 --> 00:44:22,280 milk. Look at that beautiful throat. 810 00:44:22,280 --> 00:44:23,680 They could have fit a lot of. Crop in there. 811 00:44:23,680 --> 00:44:30,000 That is quite an insane bill, so I would imagine that it would 812 00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:33,240 take some time to develop and wonder if we have any idea what 813 00:44:33,240 --> 00:44:35,160 their babies look like. Do we have? 814 00:44:35,160 --> 00:44:38,280 I don't think so, because all pterosaur material is so scant 815 00:44:38,360 --> 00:44:41,760 they do not fossilize well. Those little hollow bone 816 00:44:41,760 --> 00:44:43,960 motherfuckers. So yeah, I don't. 817 00:44:43,960 --> 00:44:45,240 I don't think there's that much known. 818 00:44:45,240 --> 00:44:46,920 This is a reconstructed skull too. 819 00:44:46,920 --> 00:44:48,320 I don't even. Think the fossil looks that. 820 00:44:48,320 --> 00:44:53,720 Nice, so it's very limited, but pterosaurs may have been pink, 821 00:44:54,400 --> 00:44:57,560 they may have lactated, dinosaurs may have lactated, and 822 00:44:57,560 --> 00:45:00,720 birds definitely did. It evolved many, many times. 823 00:45:01,040 --> 00:45:03,920 I can't wait to see what the future holds. 824 00:45:05,480 --> 00:45:10,640 The future of bird milk. It just makes me feel even more 825 00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:12,800 like I don't even really like dinosaurs. 826 00:45:12,800 --> 00:45:14,760 And now I'm like, oh, we both lactate. 827 00:45:14,760 --> 00:45:16,640 That's. What I need that's. 828 00:45:17,320 --> 00:45:22,080 What I need Thank you for listening. 829 00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:24,840 If you liked the podcast, be sure to rate and review us on 830 00:45:24,840 --> 00:45:26,840 your listening platform of choice. 831 00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:29,680 We really, really, really appreciate it, if you'd like. 832 00:45:29,680 --> 00:45:32,320 To hear more and support the show, you can follow us on 833 00:45:32,360 --> 00:45:35,800 Patreon, that's an exclusive bit, or on our various social 834 00:45:35,800 --> 00:45:38,680 media platforms. You can follow Amy on Instagram 835 00:45:38,680 --> 00:45:42,400 at Mary Anning's Revenge. And Megan on Instagram and 836 00:45:42,400 --> 00:45:46,560 TikTok as geopedal fabric or both of us at weird and dead on 837 00:45:46,560 --> 00:45:49,760 Instagram and TikTok. Our theme song is Unlock Me by 838 00:45:49,760 --> 00:45:52,120 Prize Canal. Cover art was provided by Chris 839 00:45:52,120 --> 00:45:54,920 Spencer and the hosts. And this has been hosted and 840 00:45:54,920 --> 00:45:57,600 researched by us, Amy Atwater and Megan Weatherall. 841 00:45:57,880 --> 00:46:08,920 Thank you for listening. Hold on a second, I gotta milk 842 00:46:08,920 --> 00:46:14,320 it. Every time you do something like 843 00:46:14,320 --> 00:46:16,200 this, I'm like, Oh, well, there's the clip we'll put at 844 00:46:16,200 --> 00:46:18,720 the end of the episode, but you've done like 10 of them now, 845 00:46:18,720 --> 00:46:20,080 so I don't know what we're gonna do.