1 00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:07,160 You're listening to Weird and Dead, the paleontology podcast 2 00:00:07,160 --> 00:00:09,760 that tells evolutions most embarrassing and bizarre 3 00:00:09,760 --> 00:00:11,560 stories. I'm Amy Atwater. 4 00:00:11,560 --> 00:00:14,040 And I'm Megan Wetherill, and we're two living scientists who 5 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:16,000 are weirdly excited about dead things. 6 00:00:17,480 --> 00:00:20,440 On this episode, we delve into all the magical and bizarre 7 00:00:20,440 --> 00:00:24,400 things you didn't expect a butthole to do, like become a 8 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:27,240 house for fish. Or extend upward and outward to 9 00:00:27,240 --> 00:00:29,200 spray poop like a chocolate fountain. 10 00:00:29,240 --> 00:00:32,880 Or breathe. Obviously, this episode we'll be 11 00:00:32,880 --> 00:00:37,520 discussing cloacas and feces, so choose your listening audience 12 00:00:37,520 --> 00:00:40,640 appropriately and please pay attention to the content 13 00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:50,440 warnings in the description. One of the things that happened 14 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:54,760 on TikTok after in season one, we talked all about the 15 00:00:54,760 --> 00:00:59,320 beautiful resplendent sturgeon fossil that is stuck inside the 16 00:00:59,320 --> 00:01:03,440 asshole of a Brachylophosaurus is that they pointed out that we 17 00:01:03,440 --> 00:01:05,960 missed a joke. And I'm ashamed because it was a 18 00:01:05,960 --> 00:01:08,360 pretty a pretty good one. It was a pretty goddamn good 19 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:09,800 one. It can't be everywhere all at 20 00:01:09,800 --> 00:01:12,400 once, Megan. No, I no, I feel bad about it. 21 00:01:12,760 --> 00:01:15,840 So as they pointed out, there is a pretty strong connection 22 00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:20,200 between sturgeon and Pearl fish. And if you are not familiar with 23 00:01:20,280 --> 00:01:24,480 Pearl fish, Pearl fish are a type of fish that are 24 00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:29,160 specialized to live inside the buttholes of other animals. 25 00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:31,840 They're most famous for sea cucumbers. 26 00:01:32,120 --> 00:01:34,360 They don't just live in sea cucumbers. 27 00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:37,920 Some of them live in crabs, some of them live in starfish. 28 00:01:38,200 --> 00:01:40,480 Some species aren't picky, they'll live in a couple 29 00:01:40,480 --> 00:01:42,520 different ones. Some species, they will only 30 00:01:42,520 --> 00:01:47,040 live in a singular species of butthole for sea cucumbers, and 31 00:01:47,040 --> 00:01:50,640 that's kind of, you know, the sturgeon was Pearl fishing the 32 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:53,480 Brachylophosaurus. Wow, so are Pearl fish really 33 00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:55,120 small? I mean the animals you just 34 00:01:55,120 --> 00:01:58,320 described are not like giants. I mean, is this a king crab that 35 00:01:58,320 --> 00:01:59,480 they're in the butthole of? No. 36 00:01:59,520 --> 00:02:03,360 These are very small fish, think like minnows, minnow sized fish, 37 00:02:03,360 --> 00:02:06,280 and they're using them for shelter and in some cases they 38 00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:09,320 are parasitizing. So there's only a couple of 39 00:02:09,320 --> 00:02:13,280 species that are actually eating the butthole of their host. 40 00:02:13,560 --> 00:02:14,960 A lot of them are just hiding in there. 41 00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:18,840 And it's not just one. Sometimes researchers have 42 00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:22,560 pulled sea cucumbers out of the ocean and placed them in buckets 43 00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:25,800 and then looked back later and found 15 fish. 44 00:02:27,080 --> 00:02:30,000 It's a dormitory. Yeah, it's a dormitory for 45 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:32,720 Pearl. Fish have fun at college this 46 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:34,800 year at that sea cucumber's butthole. 47 00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:37,280 Yes. So obviously I, I feel like we 48 00:02:37,280 --> 00:02:40,360 should draw that connection, but also there are so many other 49 00:02:40,360 --> 00:02:44,240 fascinating bizarre things that animal buttholes can do. 50 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:49,640 So that's kind of the topic of today's episode is all the weird 51 00:02:49,640 --> 00:02:52,000 things that you maybe didn't know that you could do with a 52 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:54,400 butthole or that other things could do with a butthole. 53 00:02:54,640 --> 00:02:59,200 And I have been waiting for like 2 months now because you 54 00:02:59,200 --> 00:03:02,960 mentioned a very specific butthole fact and then forbid me 55 00:03:03,960 --> 00:03:08,200 from Googling it and I have been tortured like this is the most 56 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:12,240 self restraint I've had to have in years because I have not 57 00:03:12,240 --> 00:03:16,160 looked up this term so oh please put me out of my misery. 58 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:18,520 And let me tell you, it's not just one term. 59 00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:23,560 As I dug deeper, I found more and more and more and it's 60 00:03:23,560 --> 00:03:25,080 beautiful. So I'm just going to give you a 61 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:27,280 low down on some of those. But yes, I'm currently 62 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:30,400 captivated by crinoid anal chimneys. 63 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:35,200 I can't stop thinking about them, and they're really 64 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:36,960 interesting and modern cryanoids. 65 00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:41,560 But what's really spectacular is what fossil cryanoids did, and 66 00:03:41,560 --> 00:03:44,720 the fact that we have just so many specimens of fossil 67 00:03:44,720 --> 00:03:47,160 cryanoids with an anal chimney preserved. 68 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:48,680 But they're not all anal chimneys. 69 00:03:48,680 --> 00:03:51,320 Let me tell you all the list of names I've come across. 70 00:03:51,320 --> 00:03:54,840 What is an anal chimney? Oh, it's self-explanatory, is it 71 00:03:54,840 --> 00:03:56,000 not? No. 72 00:03:57,440 --> 00:04:01,120 Up on the rooftop. For Santa goes for delivering 73 00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:04,600 chronic presence. Santa gets down this chimney, or 74 00:04:04,600 --> 00:04:07,840 what reindeer is he uses to land upon them. 75 00:04:07,920 --> 00:04:10,200 Pearl fish. So anal chimneys are in 76 00:04:10,200 --> 00:04:11,600 cryanoids. We're going to talk about what a 77 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:13,520 cryanoid is, what a kind of derms are. 78 00:04:13,800 --> 00:04:16,040 Sometimes people confuse them for plants, but they're actually 79 00:04:16,040 --> 00:04:19,160 weird animals. Modern cryanoids to me look like 80 00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:21,480 the birdie that you use when you play badminton. 81 00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:24,560 That to me is kind of like what a cryanoid kind of looks like. 82 00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:26,680 He's got these feathery structures that used to just 83 00:04:26,680 --> 00:04:28,040 kind of free float through the air. 84 00:04:28,280 --> 00:04:31,360 But fossil cryanoids actually had a stalk that were attached 85 00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:33,640 to the sea floor. So these are marine animals. 86 00:04:33,880 --> 00:04:37,200 And since there and we'll talk more about this, their butthole 87 00:04:37,200 --> 00:04:39,480 and their mouth hole are in the same hole. 88 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:43,120 Generally, they need to get shit away from their mouth hole so 89 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:45,120 that they don't just re eat their own shit. 90 00:04:45,400 --> 00:04:49,200 So they've evolved or they did evolve these insane structures 91 00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:52,040 to essentially go go gadget butthole, if you will. 92 00:04:52,640 --> 00:04:55,080 Two, it's a hygiene thing. It's it's fun. 93 00:04:55,080 --> 00:04:57,000 So but they're not all just anal chimneys. 94 00:04:57,000 --> 00:05:02,880 I also found anal tube, anal pyramid, anal cone, anal hose, 95 00:05:03,600 --> 00:05:08,520 anal sack, and anal plates and they're all slightly different 96 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:10,280 and I'm. Excited to die and different. 97 00:05:10,280 --> 00:05:12,360 It's not just synonyms when people didn't want to use 98 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:13,600 chimneys. It's true, it's true. 99 00:05:13,600 --> 00:05:17,080 I think some of them are kind of, you can play around with 100 00:05:17,080 --> 00:05:19,440 them as you will. Some of them are distinctly 101 00:05:19,440 --> 00:05:22,440 different and I'm I'm excited to get into those. 102 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:25,920 But when I started, I was under the what I now think is a 103 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:29,120 misconception, but they really just had one hole, right? 104 00:05:29,360 --> 00:05:31,640 Like that's kind of what started this conversation was like, 105 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:34,760 well, what about the animals? Like I always refer to my iPhone 106 00:05:34,760 --> 00:05:37,120 as being like an early invertebrate because it has one 107 00:05:37,120 --> 00:05:41,080 hole, you know, and you have to do everything through that. 108 00:05:41,560 --> 00:05:44,920 But that's not entirely accurate either, right? 109 00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:48,440 I think of it as, I mean, it's the one spot on the Organism. 110 00:05:48,440 --> 00:05:52,760 But are they truly mouth hole, butt hole or what is going on 111 00:05:52,760 --> 00:05:54,360 there? All right, so originally we were 112 00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:57,640 going to entitle this episode one hole to ruin or to rule them 113 00:05:57,680 --> 00:06:00,240 all, not ruin. That would be totally different. 114 00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:02,320 I mean. Depending on, we have some 115 00:06:02,320 --> 00:06:05,400 evidence that it might be that. Yeah, it might be that, but a 116 00:06:05,400 --> 00:06:08,840 Amy doesn't understand the Lord of the Rings reference and B 117 00:06:09,040 --> 00:06:11,440 technically it's not actually 1 hole. 118 00:06:11,440 --> 00:06:14,400 So when we say butthole, we're saying that because it's a 119 00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:17,520 funnier word to us, but we are largely referring to cloacas or 120 00:06:17,520 --> 00:06:22,680 vents, which as far as exit goes, they have one exit. 121 00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:26,920 A cloaca is when you put poop. You put piss, you put sperm. 122 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:30,560 Babies. Anything else goes, Yeah, eggs 123 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:32,840 all goes out through the exact same exit. 124 00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:37,440 So it's one exit. But in almost all of the animals 125 00:06:37,440 --> 00:06:39,520 we're going to talk about today, they do technically have a 126 00:06:39,520 --> 00:06:43,640 different entrance. It's just that the proximity of 127 00:06:43,640 --> 00:06:48,080 the entrance and the exit sometimes leads to catastrophes, 128 00:06:48,120 --> 00:06:50,840 as you might expect, which evolution has provided some 129 00:06:50,880 --> 00:06:53,400 extremely bizarre adaptations to getting around. 130 00:06:53,400 --> 00:06:56,640 But they do technically have a single exit and a single 131 00:06:56,640 --> 00:06:59,840 entrance. They just might use them in very 132 00:06:59,840 --> 00:07:03,200 different fashions than humans use our exits, our holes. 133 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:08,360 So, for example, sea cucumbers. Not only do their anuses provide 134 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:10,720 homes for fish. So kind of them. 135 00:07:10,720 --> 00:07:12,480 Yeah. And it's it's, it was weird to 136 00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:13,960 me. I mean, everything about that is 137 00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:16,480 weird to everybody. But I wondered initially why 138 00:07:16,480 --> 00:07:19,520 they didn't go in the mouth because sea cucumbers are kind 139 00:07:19,520 --> 00:07:22,560 of just like a big BLOB on the ocean floor. 140 00:07:22,560 --> 00:07:24,960 So smashy. They're so smashy yes. 141 00:07:25,120 --> 00:07:28,440 Apparently it's very difficult to study their movements by the 142 00:07:28,440 --> 00:07:31,560 way, because if you try to do a capture recapture study, they. 143 00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:34,640 Just go black inside out. That too, They do excrete their 144 00:07:34,640 --> 00:07:37,960 insides to scare. They throw their stomachs at 145 00:07:37,960 --> 00:07:39,280 predators. Like they throw up. 146 00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:40,920 Their stomachs? No, I think it's their 147 00:07:41,040 --> 00:07:42,600 respiratory systems. I don't. 148 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:45,680 Know I these are aliens in my opinion. 149 00:07:45,680 --> 00:07:47,840 But they will also, regardless of which organs they're 150 00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:50,720 throwing, some organs in your direction. 151 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:53,200 Maybe it's if you come from the front versus from the back. 152 00:07:53,400 --> 00:07:56,400 Because the respiratory organs are not in the front. 153 00:07:56,680 --> 00:07:59,240 They get rid of tags, like tags fall off of them because they're 154 00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:01,320 kind of squishy. You can't tattoo them because 155 00:08:01,320 --> 00:08:02,680 their skin will push out the ink. 156 00:08:02,880 --> 00:08:06,000 So there's no way to tell if you have picked up that sea cucumber 157 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:08,880 before in the open option. I remembered you right. 158 00:08:10,080 --> 00:08:13,240 Just such a bizarre problem to have for a biologist. 159 00:08:13,320 --> 00:08:15,800 Why don't you just put a tracking device on one of the 160 00:08:15,800 --> 00:08:18,080 many Pearl fish that's hanging out in its butthole? 161 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:20,240 Honestly, that probably would be a better strategy. 162 00:08:20,240 --> 00:08:24,600 Not all sea cucumbers do have. The roomy enough butthole for 163 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:26,320 that. Like I'm also wondering how big 164 00:08:26,320 --> 00:08:30,120 these anyway, you know? So the reason that they go for 165 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:33,799 the anus and not the mouth is not because like sea cucumbers 166 00:08:33,799 --> 00:08:36,720 have like mouth teeth. They have like big tentacles. 167 00:08:36,720 --> 00:08:40,080 They don't have a very big mouth opening, but their anus is where 168 00:08:40,120 --> 00:08:42,280 they do all of their respiration. 169 00:08:42,559 --> 00:08:48,800 So they are butt breathers. They have a special organ in 170 00:08:48,800 --> 00:08:53,200 their butt hole that is called a respiratory tree and that is 171 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:55,280 what some of the Pearl fish are gnawing on, although the Pearl 172 00:08:55,280 --> 00:08:57,320 fish will also go in deeper and eat gonads. 173 00:08:57,320 --> 00:09:00,360 So that's super fun. The sea. 174 00:09:00,360 --> 00:09:03,920 Cucumber wait for my godads. So what these Pearl fish will do 175 00:09:04,040 --> 00:09:07,320 is because the sea cucumber has its respiratory organs in its 176 00:09:07,320 --> 00:09:10,880 butt, it's not a like a passive diffusion thing. 177 00:09:11,360 --> 00:09:15,680 They butthole breathe like they're cloaca opens, sucks in 178 00:09:15,680 --> 00:09:18,200 water and then closes so that the water goes through the 179 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:20,440 respiratory organs and then pushes it back out. 180 00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:23,440 So they have suction that will pull the fish in. 181 00:09:23,800 --> 00:09:28,440 And so not only do Pearl fish live inside the butthole of 182 00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:32,680 these sea cucumbers, some of them back in and then they poke 183 00:09:32,680 --> 00:09:36,280 their little heads out of the exit because they can get sucked 184 00:09:36,360 --> 00:09:40,240 up into the butthole of the sea. Cucumber not consensual for the 185 00:09:40,240 --> 00:09:43,440 fishies to even go up there just being breathed in. 186 00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:45,720 Well, maybe that was initially they want to be there. 187 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:48,280 That is, they they get near the butthole on purpose. 188 00:09:48,280 --> 00:09:50,960 They arranged themselves. In the neighborhood. 189 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:53,160 They were already in the neighborhood and, well, 190 00:09:53,320 --> 00:09:56,160 apparently this is symbiotic and not harmful for the sea 191 00:09:56,160 --> 00:09:58,360 cucumbers from many different species of Pearl fish. 192 00:09:58,360 --> 00:10:00,080 So they're fine with it. I don't know. 193 00:10:00,080 --> 00:10:02,280 It gives them a friend, right? Yeah, right. 194 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:08,000 That children's story please. Sea cucumber and Pearl fish. 195 00:10:08,160 --> 00:10:11,480 But some Pearl fish are not as nice of residents and they will 196 00:10:11,560 --> 00:10:13,920 eat the gonads, they will eat the respiratory organs. 197 00:10:13,920 --> 00:10:17,520 They are parasitic. So those species of sea cucumber 198 00:10:17,520 --> 00:10:20,360 who have dealt with that problem because again, these are like 199 00:10:20,360 --> 00:10:24,280 convergently like they have an arms race between sea cucumber 200 00:10:24,280 --> 00:10:27,200 assholes and Pearl fish. I know. 201 00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:29,960 And so the the species of sea cucumber that have to deal with 202 00:10:29,960 --> 00:10:33,120 the parasitic Pearl fish, they don't have mouth teeth, they 203 00:10:33,120 --> 00:10:36,680 have anal teeth up to 25. But do teeth have anything to do 204 00:10:36,680 --> 00:10:38,320 with breathing, even if they're in your mouth? 205 00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:40,280 No, no. But you know, you would assume 206 00:10:40,280 --> 00:10:41,600 that teeth go in the mouth, right? 207 00:10:41,640 --> 00:10:43,760 Like that's the just. Like I'd assume that you breathe 208 00:10:43,760 --> 00:10:46,400 through your mouth and sea cucumbers are just going, you're 209 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:48,320 an idiot. No, you don't know me. 210 00:10:48,400 --> 00:10:50,240 You don't know. I mean, they're also like a kind 211 00:10:50,240 --> 00:10:51,520 of derms, which they're the weird. 212 00:10:51,520 --> 00:10:54,240 Like I when I think of a kind of derms, they don't fit within 213 00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:56,720 what you think about. Like they do still technically 214 00:10:56,720 --> 00:10:59,840 have that pentoradial symmetry, but it's like longitudinal or 215 00:10:59,840 --> 00:11:02,200 whatever. So it's not how you'd think of 216 00:11:02,200 --> 00:11:04,480 like a sea star, which is probably the most well known. 217 00:11:05,640 --> 00:11:07,880 So they're they're weird on every angle. 218 00:11:08,080 --> 00:11:10,920 So of course some of them have up to 25 teeth ringing their 219 00:11:10,920 --> 00:11:15,120 assholes so that when they close their sphincter, the fish gets 220 00:11:15,120 --> 00:11:16,880 crushed if it's not all the way in. 221 00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:20,560 So it's like a garage door? Yeah, without a sensor it wants 222 00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:23,320 to. But if they do get crushed then 223 00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:25,360 they just have a dead fish in their ass or. 224 00:11:25,760 --> 00:11:30,000 You know they can breathe out, so they can do that. 225 00:11:30,080 --> 00:11:33,240 However, those species are still parasitized by Pearl fish 226 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:36,640 because this is an arms race and those Pearl fish have just 227 00:11:36,640 --> 00:11:39,840 gotten skinnier. We will get there. 228 00:11:40,600 --> 00:11:44,960 I will get there. Wow, that's a mad respect for 229 00:11:44,960 --> 00:11:46,560 sea cucumbers. I already thought they were 230 00:11:46,560 --> 00:11:48,800 pretty cool. If I have any time I'm at a tide 231 00:11:48,800 --> 00:11:50,520 pool experience. Like at an aquarium. 232 00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:54,680 You will shove children out of the way so that I can touch that 233 00:11:54,680 --> 00:11:56,600 sea cucumber you. Think she's joking, but that's 234 00:11:56,600 --> 00:11:58,920 because you have not seen her go for a Junior Ranger badge. 235 00:11:59,600 --> 00:12:02,400 It is a little frightening. Wow. 236 00:12:02,400 --> 00:12:05,320 OK, so unknown. Unknown a kind of derm Facts. 237 00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:08,440 I mean that's where I spent a lot of my time was akinoderms. 238 00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:14,000 Like I now have such new found respect for akinoderms again. 239 00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:18,360 So akinoderms are invertebrates. They are things like sea stars. 240 00:12:18,360 --> 00:12:21,480 They're things like sea urchins, sand dollars. 241 00:12:21,480 --> 00:12:24,640 No bones despite the fact that they have calcareous teeth and I 242 00:12:24,640 --> 00:12:27,480 could not find this paper. But there I did find a paper 243 00:12:27,480 --> 00:12:30,640 before that was just I'm pretty sure it was a grad student 244 00:12:30,640 --> 00:12:33,280 arguing about how we can't call them teeth anymore and had like 245 00:12:34,760 --> 00:12:37,480 I I get it, but like. Because they're not enamel. 246 00:12:37,480 --> 00:12:41,120 They're not probably an enamel. Funniest paper concept of all 247 00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:42,560 time? Let's just argue about whether 248 00:12:42,560 --> 00:12:44,160 or not we can call the butt teeth butt teeth. 249 00:12:44,160 --> 00:12:46,800 Butt teeth, Butt teeth, I guess you can call them whatever you 250 00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:47,800 want to. It's like this. 251 00:12:47,800 --> 00:12:49,840 I mean, they're pretty unique, so wow. 252 00:12:49,880 --> 00:12:51,080 So we were going to talk about cryo. 253 00:12:51,120 --> 00:12:51,920 We're gonna. Yeah. 254 00:12:51,920 --> 00:12:54,080 And so, yeah, just go. I think it's like if you're not 255 00:12:54,080 --> 00:12:57,200 a fan of a kind of terms yet, you're gonna be or you should 256 00:12:57,200 --> 00:13:00,200 probably stop listening because it's not going to get any tamer. 257 00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:03,040 We're going to continue to be. We will talk about vertebrates 258 00:13:03,040 --> 00:13:05,040 because my God, there are a lot of that. 259 00:13:05,040 --> 00:13:07,640 Breathe through their assholes. Which is goals, really. 260 00:13:07,640 --> 00:13:11,680 You know, I was trying to get that manuscript published before 261 00:13:11,680 --> 00:13:14,280 that. I just need to learn how to but. 262 00:13:14,440 --> 00:13:16,640 Like, I just need to figure, I mean, do you have to be like 263 00:13:16,640 --> 00:13:18,400 inverted? Anyway, I have questions. 264 00:13:18,920 --> 00:13:20,320 We'll get to them. But let's talk some more about 265 00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:23,480 cryonoids. Cryonoids are spectacular again. 266 00:13:23,480 --> 00:13:25,720 So the living ones are really feathery. 267 00:13:25,720 --> 00:13:28,000 They're called seed lilies a lot as well. 268 00:13:28,400 --> 00:13:31,760 The cool ones, though, we had a greater diversity of cryonoids 269 00:13:31,760 --> 00:13:34,040 back in the Paleozoic than what we see today. 270 00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:37,440 And they, they were really prolific and they all had this 271 00:13:37,440 --> 00:13:40,640 same problem that we're discussing, which is their 272 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:43,440 cloaca, which they call and crinoids, the Tegman. 273 00:13:43,560 --> 00:13:45,400 So that's the name for the entire whole. 274 00:13:45,400 --> 00:13:47,080 Beautiful. Baby name. 275 00:13:47,080 --> 00:13:48,920 Oh, Tegman. Go Tegman. 276 00:13:48,920 --> 00:13:51,800 I like it. So that's essentially what holds 277 00:13:51,800 --> 00:13:54,080 both the mouth hole and the butt hole. 278 00:13:54,240 --> 00:13:58,160 And the anal pyramid is actually kind of like a little calcareous 279 00:13:58,160 --> 00:14:00,400 little like cover. That pyramid shaped. 280 00:14:00,520 --> 00:14:02,760 Yeah, a lot of times, yes. Yes, sometimes. 281 00:14:02,760 --> 00:14:04,240 They're also called an anal cone. 282 00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:08,720 I really want to start this section on fossil crinoids to 283 00:14:08,720 --> 00:14:10,720 say I found the most amazing blog. 284 00:14:10,800 --> 00:14:13,080 It's called the Akino blog. It's professor. 285 00:14:13,080 --> 00:14:15,760 I believe his name is Chris Ma. He's my hero. 286 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:19,040 I think we need to befriend him based on the beauty of his 287 00:14:19,040 --> 00:14:20,920 writing. I'm also fairly certain I found 288 00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:23,880 his blog too. So yes, I when you're 289 00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:26,760 researching these topics, it's impossible not to, which is how 290 00:14:26,760 --> 00:14:30,440 I was like, this is our friend and he referenced this book 291 00:14:30,440 --> 00:14:32,920 called Fossil Crinoids. So I was like, oh, I'll just buy 292 00:14:32,920 --> 00:14:36,640 it, you know, silly, naive Amy. And then I go search for it 293 00:14:36,640 --> 00:14:38,880 online and it's like 300 freaking dollars. 294 00:14:39,280 --> 00:14:42,000 So if someone wants to gift that to me, I'd be ever so grateful. 295 00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:45,360 But what I did instead, millennial genius, is go on to 296 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:48,800 Google Books and find it. And you can't look at all of the 297 00:14:48,800 --> 00:14:51,000 pages. So I just searched. 298 00:14:52,160 --> 00:14:54,280 I just searched for the word anal. 299 00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:58,760 Oh great. Better results on that book than 300 00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:00,320 Google I'm assuming. Wow. 301 00:15:00,920 --> 00:15:01,480 I didn't. Yeah. 302 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:04,040 I don't recommend it on Google. Don't do it on Google. 303 00:15:04,520 --> 00:15:08,480 However, if you go to Google books, fossil crinoids and 304 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:11,280 search anal, you'll come up with all of these gems. 305 00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:14,000 I think there were like 55 occurrences and I read every 306 00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:17,080 single one of them. It's also my low key goal of 307 00:15:17,080 --> 00:15:20,400 this episode to say anal so many times that we like. 308 00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:23,080 Can ever sponsor? Yes, please. 309 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:24,560 And that we break a world record. 310 00:15:24,560 --> 00:15:27,480 I don't think we will because there's some kinky podcasts out 311 00:15:27,480 --> 00:15:30,000 there. I don't want to compete with 312 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:31,960 that. Maybe the most time said on a 313 00:15:31,960 --> 00:15:33,520 science. Podcast, There we go. 314 00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:35,520 There we got our. Goals low. 315 00:15:35,720 --> 00:15:41,280 There are a lot of anal adaptations going on in fossil 316 00:15:41,280 --> 00:15:44,760 crinoids, and the reason there's so many names is because they've 317 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:47,040 all evolved independently of each other. 318 00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:51,240 Like they've all had to figure out different ways to get their 319 00:15:51,240 --> 00:15:55,320 shit away from their face. And it seems like it's both. 320 00:15:55,320 --> 00:15:59,680 Like what's fucking incredibly cool to me is you can actually 321 00:15:59,680 --> 00:16:03,640 reconstruct paleo environment aspects from their different 322 00:16:03,640 --> 00:16:09,360 anal adaptations because some of them are literally for, oh, I'm 323 00:16:09,360 --> 00:16:14,480 in a very slow moving, no water, low energy environment, so I 324 00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:18,960 have to go go gadget butthole to get my poop away from my mouth 325 00:16:18,960 --> 00:16:20,400 so it doesn't just fall right back in. 326 00:16:20,560 --> 00:16:23,360 And then other ones are in like higher energy environments and 327 00:16:23,360 --> 00:16:25,520 they're go go. Gadget buttholes also work as an 328 00:16:25,520 --> 00:16:29,600 anchor to help steer their feather arm to catch food. 329 00:16:29,920 --> 00:16:31,720 So. No, Explain that. 330 00:16:31,840 --> 00:16:36,000 So they so the anal too but seemed to be in higher energy 331 00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:39,760 environments because it was literally also thought to be and 332 00:16:39,880 --> 00:16:42,160 like to tether them as well to the ground. 333 00:16:42,280 --> 00:16:44,600 Which means I have to get you to some of these images. 334 00:16:44,640 --> 00:16:48,440 Yeah, you can understand. Are they flip flopping over? 335 00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:51,040 Well, let's anchor them. Let's take a look. 336 00:16:51,760 --> 00:16:54,280 All right, so let's go ahead and go to that document. 337 00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:56,920 You can go ahead and Scroll down to this first page. 338 00:16:57,280 --> 00:17:00,560 Here is you para cyanus Nashville. 339 00:17:01,080 --> 00:17:04,640 Now the thing about crinoids are, is that their entire bodies 340 00:17:04,640 --> 00:17:08,000 essentially are made out of calcium carbonate, which means 341 00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:10,480 they fossilize really, really well because they're already 342 00:17:10,480 --> 00:17:14,800 minerals to the point. So here you're seeing a very, I 343 00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:17,440 mean again, if we Adam and Eve, talk to us. 344 00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:25,640 When you look up the photos of this on our blog, you will very 345 00:17:25,640 --> 00:17:28,960 much understand why. You're looking at like, I'm, I'm 346 00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:31,360 sorry, but to me they're like ankylosaurs but for 347 00:17:31,360 --> 00:17:33,680 invertebrates. Yeah, like this is an armored 348 00:17:33,760 --> 00:17:36,800 dildo if I didn't know anything else. 349 00:17:36,960 --> 00:17:38,800 It's not, though. It's a fucking fossil. 350 00:17:38,800 --> 00:17:40,880 Cry noise. I don't understand any piece of 351 00:17:40,880 --> 00:17:42,640 what I am looking at. So that's why there is an 352 00:17:42,640 --> 00:17:46,840 illustration on the right that at least shows you which part is 353 00:17:46,840 --> 00:17:49,160 the anal tube. It's missing the very tippity 354 00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:51,400 top, which would have been its anal pyramid. 355 00:17:51,800 --> 00:17:54,800 And then like at the, so we've got like kind of like the stalk, 356 00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:57,920 right, going up to the base and then it flares into that kind of 357 00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:00,200 weird diamond name. Important for Adam and Eve. 358 00:18:00,360 --> 00:18:03,440 Yeah, We need a flared base. You have a flared base and then 359 00:18:03,440 --> 00:18:06,760 you go up the, you go up the stock and it has those spiny 360 00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:09,480 regions there midway up the anal structure. 361 00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:11,320 What are the spines? Are the spines the tentacles? 362 00:18:11,360 --> 00:18:14,680 That's where the feathers, those are where the arms would have 363 00:18:14,680 --> 00:18:16,800 been. So here we don't have the arms 364 00:18:17,200 --> 00:18:19,440 fossilized just like the core of it. 365 00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:23,920 So the arms would have come out at that really spiny region and 366 00:18:23,920 --> 00:18:26,720 then everything above it, which is a couple of inches. 367 00:18:27,400 --> 00:18:31,280 It's a full blown anal tube. It's the rudder of its boat. 368 00:18:31,440 --> 00:18:34,240 In a way OK, the rudder not. Not always an anchor. 369 00:18:34,240 --> 00:18:36,240 Sorry, I don't understand boats very well. 370 00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:39,280 I would. Not say I've seen some. 371 00:18:39,320 --> 00:18:41,520 Reconstructions where they're like dragging on the sea floor 372 00:18:41,520 --> 00:18:44,560 too, so I do think. That is a heavy thing to be 373 00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:46,560 waving around in the water. That's what I'm saying. 374 00:18:46,600 --> 00:18:49,400 What if your butt hole came out of your body like multiple 375 00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:52,840 inches and was encrusted? Was like a massive like that 376 00:18:52,840 --> 00:18:55,160 tube is like a third of the body size? 377 00:18:55,200 --> 00:18:57,200 Yes. Is it retractable? 378 00:18:57,440 --> 00:18:59,600 Others in others it is retractable. 379 00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:02,000 I think it's some in Chris Ma. Hit us up. 380 00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:04,800 Let's do a bonus, bonus, bonus or a deeper dive. 381 00:19:04,880 --> 00:19:06,040 Or honestly. Just tell us. 382 00:19:06,040 --> 00:19:09,280 We just want to know. So there are other ones like if 383 00:19:09,280 --> 00:19:13,240 you Scroll down to the second image, I have been told this is 384 00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:15,680 Macrocrinus. This is the one that I've been 385 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:18,360 trying to buy for you for a very long time. 386 00:19:18,360 --> 00:19:21,040 This is the one that if I tattoo a crinoid on my body, I think 387 00:19:21,040 --> 00:19:22,600 it's going to be this one. It's so beautiful. 388 00:19:22,600 --> 00:19:23,640 It's got. A Unicorn horn. 389 00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:26,840 It is, but that's its butthole. That Unicorn horn is where it 390 00:19:26,840 --> 00:19:28,080 shits. It's magnificent. 391 00:19:28,080 --> 00:19:30,200 It is spectacular. And you can see the feathers 392 00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:32,040 here kind of enveloping around it. 393 00:19:32,080 --> 00:19:32,920 Yeah. And it's coy. 394 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:36,560 No, it's like it's a like a negligee. 395 00:19:39,080 --> 00:19:44,200 It's lingerie for it's freaking. Telling you with how large it's 396 00:19:44,200 --> 00:19:49,640 butthole it's anal chimney is. So if you look up other 397 00:19:49,640 --> 00:19:52,560 Macrochrinus specimens you will see that they don't all have an 398 00:19:52,560 --> 00:19:54,840 anal chimney because they are not always there. 399 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:58,120 It is only when they are excreting their waste. 400 00:19:58,120 --> 00:20:00,000 So they have them, it's just inside. 401 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:02,680 It's tucked away. It's tucked away and that's 402 00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:06,480 where the go go gadget butthole comes in is it does actually 403 00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:11,040 protrude out shit in the wind and then come on back down and 404 00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:12,320 bite in the wind. I mean underwater. 405 00:20:12,320 --> 00:20:15,320 Underwater, the water wind. So to see an even more 406 00:20:15,320 --> 00:20:18,560 spectacular 1, go ahead and. This next. 407 00:20:18,560 --> 00:20:20,480 One, though, is really spectacular. 408 00:20:20,840 --> 00:20:22,880 Like gorgeous. Oh my God. 409 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:25,800 That's it's anal tube of Let's see. 410 00:20:25,800 --> 00:20:27,920 What is the name of this one? I think I wrote it down. 411 00:20:27,920 --> 00:20:31,280 It's Patero crinus. Paterio Crinus, you're. 412 00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:32,880 Sure, that's not a tapeworm? Right. 413 00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:35,920 I mean no, because Chris Ma and other experts on the Internet 414 00:20:35,920 --> 00:20:38,280 told me this is an anal tube. Yeah, I mean, I guess I would 415 00:20:38,280 --> 00:20:41,320 believe them. Yeah, and I again, I should have 416 00:20:41,320 --> 00:20:43,840 reached out and maybe now we. Describe in case you were not 417 00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:46,240 currently looking at the weird images that are on our website, 418 00:20:46,760 --> 00:20:50,520 what we're looking at is a fan of feather like appendages 419 00:20:50,520 --> 00:20:53,600 coming out of a stock. So kind of like a feather duster 420 00:20:53,800 --> 00:20:57,080 and then it looks like a ribbon has just kind of coiled out of 421 00:20:57,080 --> 00:21:00,120 it that is longer than any other portion of the cryanoid. 422 00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:01,960 Yeah, no, exactly. And I. 423 00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:04,120 Didn't even know how to describe the first one that we saw. 424 00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:06,000 It's like a totem pole of nightmares. 425 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:09,520 I had to go into the fossil cryanoid book to read about it 426 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:12,440 because I was so confused and luckily as long as you search 427 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:17,400 anal you'll find it. Research tips from Amy Atwater 428 00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:19,080 it's. A long book. 429 00:21:19,080 --> 00:21:20,600 I wasn't interested in all of it. 430 00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:22,760 I just wanted to know about its butthole. 431 00:21:23,160 --> 00:21:26,240 And so anal was the secret word to get me there. 432 00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:30,160 So I mean, I've been learning a lot about and before we check 433 00:21:30,160 --> 00:21:33,400 out more images, let's talk more about these potential functions. 434 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:36,200 So I've been talking about it's really get that poop away from 435 00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:38,600 my face, which makes a ton of sense. 436 00:21:38,760 --> 00:21:40,960 You don't want to ingest your feces. 437 00:21:41,280 --> 00:21:42,880 Most people are not. It's a smoke. 438 00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:45,920 Sack for shit. It's not 2 crinoids 1 cup, you 439 00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:49,400 know. You know that that is now aging 440 00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:51,160 us, right? Like that is not something I 441 00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:53,000 know. That's a millennial thing. 442 00:21:53,880 --> 00:21:57,280 What a horrifying thing to have associated with our age group 443 00:21:57,280 --> 00:21:59,840 anyways. Well, it could be worse. 444 00:21:59,840 --> 00:22:02,120 You could be a 300 million old crinoid with your butthole 445 00:22:02,120 --> 00:22:05,360 fossilized. Actually, I think that's 446 00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:08,440 awesome. I wish we no, I don't wish this 447 00:22:08,440 --> 00:22:09,440 moving on. Moving on. 448 00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:12,680 OK, so again, like we talked about it, so it's it's a hygiene 449 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:14,200 thing. Get that poop away from my face. 450 00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:17,080 And then there's also some that want to stabilize and direct the 451 00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:20,400 crinoid like a rudder. And so with and it's talking 452 00:22:20,400 --> 00:22:22,200 about get that poop away from my face. 453 00:22:22,200 --> 00:22:25,160 Let's go Scroll down and look at the next one, the next image. 454 00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:28,560 This is a plate. You can actually go to the page 455 00:22:28,680 --> 00:22:30,800 below it too to see the interpretation and the 456 00:22:30,800 --> 00:22:32,600 illustration from fossil crinoids. 457 00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:35,120 Actually, if you look at the first image, I'd love for you to 458 00:22:35,120 --> 00:22:38,040 tell me which one of those features you think is the 459 00:22:38,040 --> 00:22:40,320 butthole. So what I'm looking at here is 460 00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:42,520 it looks like, you know what it really looks like, Amy, and 461 00:22:42,520 --> 00:22:48,960 we'll probably cut this. It looks like when I got my dog 462 00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:52,160 Jelly Bean, and we named her Jelly because her belly was full 463 00:22:52,160 --> 00:22:56,080 of Jelly. Turns out it was worms and so we 464 00:22:56,080 --> 00:23:00,200 dewormed her and she pooped out something that looked like 465 00:23:00,320 --> 00:23:03,880 translucent pine needles and that's that's what this looks 466 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:04,960 like. You're right. 467 00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:07,200 Wow, you're right. These do look like pine needles. 468 00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:09,440 And she also knows that it looks like that poop because it 469 00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:11,040 definitely sent her a. Bit yeah, yeah. 470 00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:12,880 And I've dewormed a cat before, yeah. 471 00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:15,640 And I remember, yeah. And all of these, though, you 472 00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:18,120 see the one that's like only going halfway up and then kind 473 00:23:18,120 --> 00:23:20,240 of does a little boop in the image there. 474 00:23:20,360 --> 00:23:24,640 Yeah, that one is the anal. Chimney Fern front, yeah. 475 00:23:24,640 --> 00:23:27,280 The Fern front and if you Scroll down you can see a wonderful 476 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:30,960 image of it where it's the anal tube that is protecting and 477 00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:36,160 those are they called them like anal half circles, like anal 478 00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:38,720 armor. You took this picture and you 479 00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:42,080 very clearly ripped it from Google books with the word anal 480 00:23:42,360 --> 00:23:44,560 highlighted. I was waiting for you to notice 481 00:23:44,600 --> 00:23:48,400 that as I was taking my screenshots, I was. 482 00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:51,800 Like I'm not lying, it's a black and white screenshot but with 483 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:53,960 yellow highlighting on the word anal. 484 00:23:53,960 --> 00:23:57,800 As if I'd miss it. It's how I got there and I 485 00:23:57,800 --> 00:23:58,840 thought of that when I was great. 486 00:23:58,840 --> 00:24:01,960 To know that Google Books has searchable images though, so it 487 00:24:01,960 --> 00:24:04,320 was. I mean, it was the spectacular, 488 00:24:04,440 --> 00:24:06,880 but here's how it also shows you why there's so many different 489 00:24:06,880 --> 00:24:09,960 names associated with it. Because these are the anal tubes 490 00:24:10,120 --> 00:24:13,280 that are kind of creating this long structure that looks like 491 00:24:13,280 --> 00:24:16,760 one of the feathery arms, and it's protecting the anal SAC 492 00:24:16,760 --> 00:24:19,880 that's kind of within it. And then at the very tip again 493 00:24:19,880 --> 00:24:22,320 is the anal pyramid, which kind of opens up in the waist, 494 00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:26,840 actually comes out of that, so. Dedicated a whole to tube than 495 00:24:26,840 --> 00:24:28,760 pyramid that. What's the SAC for? 496 00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:32,160 Oh, the anal SAC has a bunch of different functions depending on 497 00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:33,840 which crinoid you're talking about. 498 00:24:33,840 --> 00:24:35,960 Which leads me beautifully into the next. 499 00:24:36,080 --> 00:24:37,920 It's like I knew where we were going so we can. 500 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:41,520 Scroll right down to this next one, and the top image here 501 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:43,840 shows you the fossil. It kind of looks like it's 502 00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:47,920 flipping you off a little bit. That's the anal cone, the kind 503 00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:51,040 of like wilted petals around and then we have like the wilted 504 00:24:51,040 --> 00:24:54,040 petals underneath of it and then we have kind of the stock and 505 00:24:54,040 --> 00:24:55,120 then. There's a Pokémon. 506 00:24:55,560 --> 00:24:58,160 It does look like a Pokémon, but it's very anal. 507 00:24:58,160 --> 00:25:00,680 You can tell that I took this as a screenshot because anal is 508 00:25:00,680 --> 00:25:03,000 once again highlighted perfectly. 509 00:25:03,000 --> 00:25:06,720 Yeah, this is Basidio Kinas Weather BI. 510 00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:11,760 And so it is thought that it had like this anal cone on top and 511 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:15,760 then that kind of like parachute spinous structure around it. 512 00:25:16,040 --> 00:25:19,360 That's its anal sack. Now, why would you have an anal 513 00:25:19,360 --> 00:25:20,680 sack? That kind of looks like a 514 00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:23,680 beautiful Pokémon flower. It looks like a lovely little 515 00:25:23,680 --> 00:25:25,520 hat. It does look like a lovely 516 00:25:25,520 --> 00:25:28,440 little hat. So it has been interpreted that 517 00:25:28,440 --> 00:25:32,720 these big frilly anal sacks were so spinous and pokey and that 518 00:25:32,720 --> 00:25:35,880 they were like a deterrent to predators, like it was an anti 519 00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:40,200 predation thing. However, others think that this 520 00:25:40,200 --> 00:25:44,360 big frilly sack was actually more like an offering to 521 00:25:44,360 --> 00:25:49,120 predators and it was like a non lethal interaction outcome. 522 00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:52,040 Like take my big pillowy anal sack. 523 00:25:52,040 --> 00:25:53,880 So it's like a lizard tail? It's. 524 00:25:53,880 --> 00:25:56,240 Exactly like a lizard tail, right? 525 00:25:56,280 --> 00:26:00,440 Yes, and that they could lose that without the entire Organism 526 00:26:00,440 --> 00:26:03,040 being lost and still survive. And I guess it could just 527 00:26:03,240 --> 00:26:04,960 regrow. I mean, it does look like a 528 00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:07,640 little hat. So anal sack take off the hat. 529 00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:10,280 God, these are weird images. You're. 530 00:26:10,280 --> 00:26:14,320 Welcome, I'm I. Know I'm so glad that I finally 531 00:26:14,320 --> 00:26:15,720 get to know all about anal chimneys. 532 00:26:15,720 --> 00:26:17,720 Oh, and then the next one. I don't really have anything to 533 00:26:17,720 --> 00:26:19,680 say about it except for how funny it looks. 534 00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:23,120 It too is missing its anal chimney at the very top of its 535 00:26:23,160 --> 00:26:24,800 anal. Too thing about this one is that 536 00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:27,080 it looks like a little like monk haircut. 537 00:26:28,440 --> 00:26:30,200 Yeah. So it's like a crinoid where the 538 00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:34,000 feathers just kind of like look like bangs, like a bowl cut 539 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:35,400 bang. And then there's just this 540 00:26:35,400 --> 00:26:37,800 Unicorn horn of an anal chimney talking at the top. 541 00:26:38,120 --> 00:26:40,440 Lovely. To just like tell you how much 542 00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:42,800 I'm obsessed with the Akino blog. 543 00:26:42,800 --> 00:26:48,840 I knew that we were meant to be best friends when I best friends 544 00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:54,680 comma in Kynoderm division. I mean, he wrote this whole 545 00:26:54,680 --> 00:26:58,720 amazing blog post about it, some other great images, and he was 546 00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:01,120 like, Oh my gosh, there's so much more I could probably say. 547 00:27:01,120 --> 00:27:05,640 I briefly touched on snails that parasites their anuses here, dot 548 00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:08,080 dot dot, and I was like, Oh my God. 549 00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:10,600 So just scroll on down to that final one. 550 00:27:10,840 --> 00:27:13,760 And that's where we see. Please describe what you're 551 00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:16,280 seeing here. It's like a nice kind of spider 552 00:27:16,280 --> 00:27:18,520 webby structure that I'm assuming is the crinoid 553 00:27:18,520 --> 00:27:23,400 tentacles and on top but also somehow seemingly embedded is a 554 00:27:23,520 --> 00:27:25,360 very large snail. Yes. 555 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:30,080 So this is a platy serrated snail that apparently goes after 556 00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:32,040 is a parasite. And we find them in this 557 00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:36,760 relationship quite often and they are literally on top of the 558 00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:39,440 cop, which is where the mouth is found surrounded by those 559 00:27:39,480 --> 00:27:44,280 feeding arms and they're often found clamped over the anus. 560 00:27:44,440 --> 00:27:48,000 So they were poop eaters, coprophagus, they were eating 561 00:27:48,080 --> 00:27:51,600 the crinoid shit. And there are tons and tons and 562 00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:53,960 tons of research being done or has been done on this. 563 00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:57,080 And I'd love, you know, it's, it's tangential to this, but we 564 00:27:57,080 --> 00:28:00,920 got to at some point go there. I mean, they're the Pearl fish 565 00:28:00,920 --> 00:28:02,600 of crinoids. They're the Pearl fish of 566 00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:04,640 crinoids. Except they're eating excrement. 567 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:07,680 They're eating shit, yes. Yep, they're eating crinoid 568 00:28:07,680 --> 00:28:10,920 waste, which you got to wonder what's really in crinoid waste 569 00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:14,080 when you're a filter feeding strange Organism, because they 570 00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:17,760 kind of use their feathery arms to like sieve things down and 571 00:28:17,760 --> 00:28:19,880 then there's like funnels and grooves towards the mouth hole. 572 00:28:20,400 --> 00:28:24,400 And so they're sitting, though explicitly, on the butthole part 573 00:28:24,400 --> 00:28:25,760 of the Tegman. They know what they. 574 00:28:25,880 --> 00:28:28,880 Want they know what they want, they're there for a reason and 575 00:28:28,880 --> 00:28:31,520 they're found this way over and over again. 576 00:28:31,920 --> 00:28:35,000 And I just want to say that that wraps up most of my facts at 577 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:37,040 this point. But I will just say that I 578 00:28:37,240 --> 00:28:41,760 worked really hard to try and buy us anal chimney specimens. 579 00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:45,400 And I reached out to a couple different fossil sites and left 580 00:28:45,400 --> 00:28:48,320 them the weirdest messages I've ever written. 581 00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:51,920 And I offered them like, hey, I'll promote you on social media 582 00:28:51,920 --> 00:28:54,880 and stuff. And I haven't had a reply on any 583 00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:56,160 of them. I don't understand why people 584 00:28:56,160 --> 00:28:59,800 don't want to have that promoted that they sell anal chimneys. 585 00:28:59,880 --> 00:29:03,040 Yeah, and like, I also was asking for a discount, of 586 00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:07,440 course, 'cause that's my Forte. And they, they maybe that's why 587 00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:09,400 they weren't. And I was like, joke's on you 588 00:29:10,120 --> 00:29:12,680 when we get Uber famous, so we follow. 589 00:29:13,720 --> 00:29:16,280 Us on Patreon so we can buy anal chimney specimens. 590 00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:19,040 Oh, actually, I do have more pictures for you because, OK, 591 00:29:19,040 --> 00:29:21,240 sand dollars, I couldn't really figure it out. 592 00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:23,760 Sea stars. So like they say that they have 593 00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:26,800 like an anal cone, but I guess they eat like a lot of sediment. 594 00:29:27,040 --> 00:29:29,360 And like a lot of it is because they're so buried in the 595 00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:31,320 sediment all the time that they have to get rid of their 596 00:29:31,320 --> 00:29:33,320 sediment. So that's what they protrude 597 00:29:33,320 --> 00:29:36,160 through their anal cone. But technically that cone isn't 598 00:29:36,160 --> 00:29:38,480 connected to their actual digestive system. 599 00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:41,520 So my friend Chris Moss said that they don't technically 600 00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:45,720 count as true buttholes. And then when I read more I read 601 00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:49,000 that they kind of just diffuse poop through their tube, feet, 602 00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:52,880 arms maybe? I'm still really confused about 603 00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:57,800 how some crinoids take a shit. Is is really the conclusion? 604 00:29:58,120 --> 00:30:00,160 And see cucumbers? I don't understand that. 605 00:30:00,320 --> 00:30:04,080 And then he wrote that brittle stars actually don't have a true 606 00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:07,920 anus quote. Got no anus and apparently food 607 00:30:07,920 --> 00:30:10,800 goes in and out the same hole which is the mouth. 608 00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:14,800 So in brittle stars I think it really is actually 1 hole and 609 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:18,240 that they like for some reason. But if you want to look at some, 610 00:30:19,360 --> 00:30:22,240 some urchin urchins have some interesting. 611 00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:25,160 So this first image is often times referred to as like the 612 00:30:25,320 --> 00:30:28,000 eye of a sea urchin. Guess what? 613 00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:32,520 Not an eye, the brown eye a. Big brown eye and then just 614 00:30:32,520 --> 00:30:36,640 Scroll down to see some of these anal sacks full of sea urchin 615 00:30:36,640 --> 00:30:38,720 poop. That is that sea urchin poop. 616 00:30:38,720 --> 00:30:41,240 That's sea urchin poop. That is a weirdly beautiful 617 00:30:41,240 --> 00:30:42,800 image. Isn't it gorgeous? 618 00:30:42,800 --> 00:30:44,480 Yes. It's like, yes. 619 00:30:44,480 --> 00:30:46,840 Yeah, it looks computer generated for sure, but it looks 620 00:30:46,840 --> 00:30:48,480 like a pretty computer generated thing. 621 00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:50,840 Just like a little pinata poop. Like hanging. 622 00:30:51,280 --> 00:30:52,960 Oh, I wasn't. Even looking at the poop part I 623 00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:55,760 was looking at like the radiating like sea urchin 624 00:30:55,760 --> 00:30:58,480 spines. The sea urchin butthole is truly 625 00:30:58,480 --> 00:31:00,560 a marvel. It, it's beautiful. 626 00:31:00,880 --> 00:31:03,440 I mean, I think we're going to watch some videos after this too 627 00:31:03,480 --> 00:31:06,280 and maybe post them, but I didn't want to say that I'm 628 00:31:06,280 --> 00:31:09,120 really sorry that I couldn't buy you a crinoid. 629 00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:11,920 Oh my God. So instead I printed you a 630 00:31:11,920 --> 00:31:14,160 crinoid or a couple crinoid buttholes. 631 00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:16,000 As a as. A poster. 632 00:31:16,160 --> 00:31:21,160 So this is for you. This is for you with all of the 633 00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:23,480 favorite buttholes we just talked about. 634 00:31:23,480 --> 00:31:25,680 Amazing. And we'll post some pictures of 635 00:31:25,680 --> 00:31:26,360 this. I love it. 636 00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:29,000 I clearly will have to take some photos with that. 637 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:31,480 Yes I wish, I'm still working on it. 638 00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:35,040 If you guys are out there and you have a fossil crinoid with 639 00:31:35,040 --> 00:31:39,560 an anal chimney, shoot, poop hose, tube, anything, let me 640 00:31:39,560 --> 00:31:42,200 know. We'll pay some money for it, but 641 00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:44,080 I don't want to pay. We understand that they're 642 00:31:44,080 --> 00:31:48,320 valuable, but we're also poor, so. 100 bucks and let me know 643 00:31:48,320 --> 00:31:51,400 what I can get for 100 bucks. No, these other ones were like 644 00:31:51,400 --> 00:31:53,600 $300.00. And I was like, man, I'm really 645 00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:55,680 into this, but I don't think I'm that into this. 646 00:31:56,720 --> 00:31:58,560 I'm not quite there yet. Yeah. 647 00:31:58,560 --> 00:32:00,960 So that's like all I've been thinking about for for weeks. 648 00:32:00,960 --> 00:32:04,720 So now I'm really curious to hear about other weird animal 649 00:32:05,240 --> 00:32:08,480 like shock me beyond because this was already so fun. 650 00:32:08,840 --> 00:32:12,440 So this is so fun and this is so good and I have some really 651 00:32:12,440 --> 00:32:15,680 fucking weird facts to go through so. 652 00:32:15,680 --> 00:32:18,680 I just also want to say that Megan and I are here recording 653 00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:21,320 this together, which is really fun and different, and last 654 00:32:21,320 --> 00:32:23,760 night was torturous because we're both giggling at our 655 00:32:23,760 --> 00:32:26,040 computers and like we're doing our. 656 00:32:26,080 --> 00:32:30,120 Final research. Yes, we're going to go back into 657 00:32:30,480 --> 00:32:34,280 not pooping through an elaborate butthole, but using a butthole 658 00:32:34,280 --> 00:32:37,320 to breathe because that was that was my whole thing. 659 00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:41,120 And the weirdest part about this is that I had a Google links 660 00:32:41,120 --> 00:32:44,520 that were already purple. Like I have looked this up 661 00:32:44,760 --> 00:32:48,640 before just for myself. So now I get to share with 662 00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:50,880 everybody else. You are a fucking weirdo. 663 00:32:50,920 --> 00:32:52,160 I'm a. Fucking weirdo. 664 00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:54,880 All right, so when we are talking about animals that 665 00:32:54,880 --> 00:32:57,560 breathe through buttholes, I mean, there's like dragonfly 666 00:32:57,560 --> 00:32:59,680 larvae. They have gills on the inside of 667 00:32:59,680 --> 00:33:03,520 their abdomens, so they pull water in and then they shoot it 668 00:33:03,520 --> 00:33:05,600 back out. That's also how they transport 669 00:33:05,600 --> 00:33:07,280 themselves. And they pull it in through 670 00:33:07,280 --> 00:33:08,360 their butt. Yes, through their butt. 671 00:33:08,360 --> 00:33:10,200 That's what You OK? So they're also butt breathers, 672 00:33:10,200 --> 00:33:14,240 but that's not nearly as funny. I mean, pause for that mental 673 00:33:14,240 --> 00:33:16,000 right? So wait, they why are they? 674 00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:18,840 It helps them move when they're in like a larval stage or as 675 00:33:18,840 --> 00:33:21,280 their actual true. You know, flying around. 676 00:33:21,280 --> 00:33:22,680 No, no, no, not as they're flying. 677 00:33:22,680 --> 00:33:25,360 Around OK, OK, I was just like, they're propelling themselves 678 00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:27,880 with butthole juice. They through the water, yeah. 679 00:33:28,160 --> 00:33:30,880 Wow, the. Little jet think like, you know, 680 00:33:30,880 --> 00:33:31,960 like squid. Right. 681 00:33:32,080 --> 00:33:33,960 But through their butthole. Through your butthole. 682 00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:36,200 God, yeah. God, we're so boring. 683 00:33:36,480 --> 00:33:38,440 God. No, our anatomy is stupid. 684 00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:42,880 All right, so the big animal that has been studied for many, 685 00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:46,040 many years because of its butthole breathing is turtles. 686 00:33:46,040 --> 00:33:49,640 Specifically freshwater turtles, because for a long time we 687 00:33:49,640 --> 00:33:52,960 weren't sure why they were able to hold their breath for so long 688 00:33:53,120 --> 00:33:55,720 underwater. So turtles, some species of 689 00:33:55,720 --> 00:33:58,960 them, they're juveniles. It can stay underwater for 690 00:33:58,960 --> 00:34:02,600 several days without coming back up for air, which is a long 691 00:34:02,600 --> 00:34:03,520 time. That's a long. 692 00:34:03,520 --> 00:34:06,000 Time. And yes, turtles are cold 693 00:34:06,000 --> 00:34:07,680 blooded. They need sun warmth. 694 00:34:07,680 --> 00:34:10,159 You don't imagine that they have a high metabolism. 695 00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:14,320 That's still a very long time for an animal that seems to be 696 00:34:14,320 --> 00:34:16,960 breathing air. And The thing is, yes, they do 697 00:34:16,960 --> 00:34:20,320 breathe air. They have a second set of lungs. 698 00:34:20,800 --> 00:34:22,840 So what? Yeah. 699 00:34:22,840 --> 00:34:25,360 I mean, it's not a lung, but it's not not a lung. 700 00:34:25,760 --> 00:34:28,120 And it is of course OK inside the butthole. 701 00:34:28,320 --> 00:34:30,320 Well, duh. Where else would you store? 702 00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:33,239 It and so this form of respiration is called cloacal 703 00:34:33,239 --> 00:34:35,960 respiration. Love this anal adaptations. 704 00:34:36,040 --> 00:34:38,639 And cloacal, cloacal respiration. 705 00:34:39,239 --> 00:34:42,760 And they suck water up into their tissue and then they have 706 00:34:42,760 --> 00:34:47,040 really elaborate kind of wrinkly buttholes that actually have two 707 00:34:47,239 --> 00:34:50,159 in some species have, they're called, I never know if the word 708 00:34:50,159 --> 00:34:53,040 is Bursa or Bursa. There's A at the end of it, but 709 00:34:53,040 --> 00:34:54,600 whatever. They have these two kind of 710 00:34:54,600 --> 00:34:58,400 wrinkly sacs that kind of go off and have like more surface 711 00:34:58,400 --> 00:35:01,360 texture to do cutaneous respiration. 712 00:35:01,360 --> 00:35:03,560 So cutaneous is through your skin. 713 00:35:03,680 --> 00:35:06,040 And they are not the only ones that breathe through their skin. 714 00:35:06,040 --> 00:35:07,440 Frogs breathe through their skin. 715 00:35:07,440 --> 00:35:09,320 There's some salamanders that have gotten rid of their lungs 716 00:35:09,320 --> 00:35:11,120 entirely. They just breathe through their 717 00:35:11,120 --> 00:35:13,120 skin. So it makes sense that they are 718 00:35:13,120 --> 00:35:16,320 breathing through their skin, but they're in a shell. 719 00:35:16,320 --> 00:35:20,040 So they had to increase some surface tissue in, you know, 720 00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:23,160 areas where it's convenient, which include the butthole. 721 00:35:23,640 --> 00:35:27,720 So they found out that in some species of turtle, a freshwater 722 00:35:27,720 --> 00:35:32,160 turtle, they can breathe so much air through their butthole that 723 00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:36,520 they can get up to 70% of their oxygen through their butt. 724 00:35:36,520 --> 00:35:38,520 Through their butt. Which is why they can dive for 725 00:35:38,520 --> 00:35:41,120 so long, because they're not running out of air. 726 00:35:41,360 --> 00:35:46,960 I want you to envision how they figured out that that's how 727 00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:50,520 turtles breathe that much oxygen through their assholes. 728 00:35:50,520 --> 00:35:55,200 Well I I can only imagine it's through literally trying to 729 00:35:55,200 --> 00:35:57,360 drown turtles for a really long time. 730 00:35:57,360 --> 00:35:59,080 I feel like that's the human answer. 731 00:35:59,080 --> 00:36:01,680 Is like Nope it's not the 70s anymore, these papers were done 732 00:36:01,680 --> 00:36:05,360 in the 20 tens. Someone was making out with a 733 00:36:05,360 --> 00:36:07,520 turtle asshole and it like sneezed on that. 734 00:36:08,960 --> 00:36:13,120 No. So initially they they found out 735 00:36:13,120 --> 00:36:16,000 that these animals had Bursa or Bursa or whatever they are back 736 00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:18,320 in like the 1700s. They started really describing 737 00:36:18,320 --> 00:36:20,440 them in the 1800s. They didn't know at that point 738 00:36:20,440 --> 00:36:24,320 if they were for respiration, if they were for carrying water 739 00:36:24,320 --> 00:36:28,400 around for freshwater turtles when they lay eggs to drop water 740 00:36:28,400 --> 00:36:32,240 and like soften up the ground. But turns out they just piss on 741 00:36:32,240 --> 00:36:33,560 the ground. Duh, you already got. 742 00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:35,600 Water. So when you're measuring 743 00:36:35,600 --> 00:36:39,560 respiration, they put you in a tank of water in this particular 744 00:36:39,560 --> 00:36:42,280 case, and they basically can measure, They have tools to 745 00:36:42,280 --> 00:36:44,680 measure both the oxygen concentration in the air and the 746 00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:46,360 oxygen concentration in the water. 747 00:36:46,360 --> 00:36:49,160 So they can't always measure it in the turtle, but they can 748 00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:52,440 measure the change between the water and the surface. 749 00:36:52,720 --> 00:36:55,040 But in this study that I'm talking about, they wanted to 750 00:36:55,040 --> 00:36:58,480 know if it was specifically water in the butt hole, so not 751 00:36:58,480 --> 00:37:01,160 other skin because they have some wrinkly necks. 752 00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:04,560 They wanted to know that it was specifically butthole breathing, 753 00:37:04,640 --> 00:37:07,880 Yes. So to test it, they had to plug 754 00:37:07,880 --> 00:37:12,320 the butthole. But they have really, oh, no, it 755 00:37:12,320 --> 00:37:15,400 gets more. They have very wrinkly buttholes 756 00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:20,160 and each one is unique. So in order to ensure that these 757 00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:23,960 turtles were unable to butt breathe, they made custom 758 00:37:23,960 --> 00:37:25,520 butthole molds. Oh. 759 00:37:26,120 --> 00:37:29,880 My God. Into their butt for the duration 760 00:37:29,880 --> 00:37:32,360 of the experiment. Well I mean as long as you got 761 00:37:32,360 --> 00:37:35,600 the entrance, why would you need all the inner workings to also? 762 00:37:35,600 --> 00:37:38,520 Because it's wrinkly and it's close to the entrance. 763 00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:42,400 So they can still so you've. Really got to have like a like a 764 00:37:42,600 --> 00:37:44,920 crinoid shaped structure. Wow. 765 00:37:45,040 --> 00:37:48,280 Yeah. So someone's job was to cast and 766 00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:50,200 mold buttholes of living turtles. 767 00:37:51,120 --> 00:37:54,440 Turtle butt bugs. Basically in this paper they 768 00:37:54,480 --> 00:37:59,360 also mention that the biggest turtle they had to exclude from 769 00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:02,720 the statistical analysis because when they put it in the tank it 770 00:38:02,720 --> 00:38:05,840 started to panic and they said it was because it was big so it 771 00:38:05,840 --> 00:38:08,760 couldn't really turn around. But I just I can't imagine being 772 00:38:08,760 --> 00:38:11,800 filled with a custom butt plug and placed in the tank and not 773 00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:13,520 freaking out like that. Just seems. 774 00:38:14,200 --> 00:38:17,720 Well, I'm like suffocating them. They are literally trying to in 775 00:38:17,720 --> 00:38:19,640 a way to figure out if they are. They're not. 776 00:38:19,680 --> 00:38:21,920 That they don't suffocate them but they're seeing how much oxy 777 00:38:21,960 --> 00:38:24,080 they remove them from the tank once they established. 778 00:38:24,080 --> 00:38:27,640 You know that if you plug the butt they go for the air right? 779 00:38:27,840 --> 00:38:29,640 If you don't plug the butt then standard water. 780 00:38:29,640 --> 00:38:31,640 Right. This with non consensual 781 00:38:31,640 --> 00:38:34,040 animals, yes. Yeah it would be absolutely 782 00:38:34,040 --> 00:38:35,440 terrible. These were also wild turtles 783 00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:37,440 that. They oh gosh, So they're like, 784 00:38:37,440 --> 00:38:39,400 we snatch them from their environments. 785 00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:41,080 They're comfortable. This is alien abduction. 786 00:38:41,080 --> 00:38:42,760 Yes and right. Yeah. 787 00:38:42,760 --> 00:38:44,600 And then we probe. It's always about butts. 788 00:38:44,600 --> 00:38:47,240 Yeah, yeah. How did that get funded? 789 00:38:47,480 --> 00:38:50,600 Who wrote that grant proposal? I don't know but they're give me 790 00:38:50,600 --> 00:38:52,480 tips. So that I can write better 791 00:38:52,480 --> 00:38:53,840 proposals. Yeah. 792 00:38:54,080 --> 00:38:55,320 Wow. OK. 793 00:38:55,320 --> 00:38:57,840 So turtles. OK, So we're talking reptiles, I 794 00:38:57,840 --> 00:38:59,200 mean, and they've been around for a long time. 795 00:38:59,200 --> 00:39:01,560 Do you think that this is an adaptation that they've probably 796 00:39:01,560 --> 00:39:03,000 had, like, deep time? Deep time. 797 00:39:03,200 --> 00:39:05,360 So it's hard to tell because it's obviously not a Bony 798 00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:06,360 structure. Yeah. 799 00:39:06,360 --> 00:39:10,280 I wonder if this is an adaptive use of hemorrhoids. 800 00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:14,480 Oh my God, She warned me that she was gonna get hemorrhoids in 801 00:39:14,480 --> 00:39:18,920 here somehow, and she did it. She she gone done did it. 802 00:39:18,920 --> 00:39:22,960 So let me I'm just gonna quickly copy paste this image into our 803 00:39:22,960 --> 00:39:23,880 file. Perfect. 804 00:39:24,280 --> 00:39:26,480 Perfect. Wow. 805 00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:31,000 OK, hemorrhoids. Yeah, and that's why it's hard 806 00:39:31,000 --> 00:39:33,160 to cast and mold. It's really hard to cast them 807 00:39:33,160 --> 00:39:34,840 on. I mean, that looks like a zoomed 808 00:39:34,840 --> 00:39:37,520 in shot of a bunch of bacteria or something like that. 809 00:39:37,520 --> 00:39:38,600 It does, yeah. Yeah. 810 00:39:38,600 --> 00:39:42,120 It looks like I'm a really fibrous cleaning mat or 811 00:39:42,120 --> 00:39:45,640 something like that. So they also they specifically 812 00:39:45,640 --> 00:39:48,480 say they use Coltex dental lab putty. 813 00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:51,640 Thank you for letting us know materials and methods or so. 814 00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:54,000 Yeah, exactly, exactly. OK. 815 00:39:54,120 --> 00:39:59,360 So if one animal is able to breathe out there derriere, I 816 00:39:59,360 --> 00:40:02,000 mean, is this a trend? I mean, they can't be the only 817 00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:03,240 ones. I'm sure they're not the only 818 00:40:03,240 --> 00:40:05,920 ones, but turtles are really the ones where it has been. 819 00:40:06,240 --> 00:40:08,880 And it's not tortoises, it's not sea turtles, it's freshwater 820 00:40:08,880 --> 00:40:11,040 turtles, and it's a couple specific families. 821 00:40:11,400 --> 00:40:15,360 I'm not sure if it's a I think it was convergently evolved in 822 00:40:15,360 --> 00:40:18,840 several species of turtles, but I thought we maybe should finish 823 00:40:18,840 --> 00:40:21,640 off this episode by talking about human but breathing. 824 00:40:21,920 --> 00:40:23,480 Oh, good. Yes. 825 00:40:24,080 --> 00:40:26,480 Oh. OK, so when we were coming up 826 00:40:26,480 --> 00:40:30,920 with the idea for this podcast episode, in between laughing 827 00:40:30,920 --> 00:40:35,080 hysterically, Amy mentioned that she had read a book this summer 828 00:40:35,080 --> 00:40:37,120 about smoking cigarettes through your asshole. 829 00:40:37,640 --> 00:40:40,400 And I'm going to go ahead and tell you, you can't fucking do 830 00:40:40,400 --> 00:40:43,600 that, Amy, because your buckle cannot suck hard enough to get 831 00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:46,440 air into it. But what you can do is give 832 00:40:46,440 --> 00:40:48,680 yourself an enema of tobacco smoke. 833 00:40:48,680 --> 00:40:51,760 So you can get it in, yeah. But you can, but you have to 834 00:40:51,760 --> 00:40:53,600 blow it in. Oh. 835 00:40:54,400 --> 00:40:58,200 You don't just put a cigarette up to your brown eye and take a 836 00:40:58,200 --> 00:40:59,320 puff. You're all right. 837 00:40:59,560 --> 00:41:01,240 I believe you until someone proves you wrong. 838 00:41:01,840 --> 00:41:06,640 But what you can do is you can film yourself doing this as long 839 00:41:06,640 --> 00:41:10,000 as you're just filming the tube process and telling people what 840 00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:12,400 you're doing. And you can put that video on 841 00:41:12,400 --> 00:41:15,800 Wikipedia and even though people have very clearly tried to take 842 00:41:15,800 --> 00:41:19,440 that down many times, Wikipedia now has a little like notation 843 00:41:19,440 --> 00:41:22,120 saying people have tried to take this down but we could not find 844 00:41:22,320 --> 00:41:25,720 a good reason to do so. So there is a video if you would 845 00:41:25,720 --> 00:41:28,120 like to see somebody putting smoke in the tube that is 846 00:41:28,120 --> 00:41:29,360 theoretically going into their butt hole. 847 00:41:29,960 --> 00:41:32,840 But. Even though that is a ridiculous 848 00:41:32,840 --> 00:41:36,640 thing now, in the 1700s that was a big thing. 849 00:41:36,840 --> 00:41:41,160 Tobacco smoke enemas were huge because of course 1700 850 00:41:41,200 --> 00:41:43,280 physicians were psychotic and they were just trying. 851 00:41:43,280 --> 00:41:44,440 Anything. Why were they doing? 852 00:41:44,480 --> 00:41:48,920 It so they gave tobacco smoke enemas specifically to drowning 853 00:41:48,920 --> 00:41:51,480 victims to resuscitate them. So they like give them a 854 00:41:51,480 --> 00:41:54,760 stimulant in their. So the stimulant in the butt is 855 00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:58,720 supposed to absorb into the blood, I'm assuming faster than 856 00:41:58,720 --> 00:42:00,920 the mouth. Although realistically, it's 857 00:42:00,920 --> 00:42:03,680 probably just that physicians were kind of butt obsessed. 858 00:42:03,800 --> 00:42:05,800 And everyone was cigarette obsessed since everyone was 859 00:42:05,800 --> 00:42:07,520 cigarette. Cigarettes are a cure all for 860 00:42:07,600 --> 00:42:10,080 everything, yes. Wow, huh. 861 00:42:10,520 --> 00:42:14,840 So with the tobacco smoke enemas, yeah, there was at one 862 00:42:14,840 --> 00:42:16,600 point they were trying to prove that they worked. 863 00:42:16,960 --> 00:42:19,360 Of course, you can't just drown somebody for the scientific 864 00:42:19,360 --> 00:42:21,480 test. Even in the 1700s, that was 865 00:42:21,480 --> 00:42:24,120 frowned upon. So they just offered monetary 866 00:42:24,120 --> 00:42:26,320 awards to anybody who could prove that they had brought back 867 00:42:26,400 --> 00:42:29,720 a drowning victim with tobacco. Which means that at one point 868 00:42:29,720 --> 00:42:33,520 there is a story of a woman who drowned and her husband was 869 00:42:33,520 --> 00:42:37,120 trying to resuscitate her and he took a pipe filled with burning 870 00:42:37,120 --> 00:42:39,840 tobacco and shoved the stem in her butt. 871 00:42:40,600 --> 00:42:43,960 And she did. She did come back, probably 872 00:42:43,960 --> 00:42:47,280 because there was burning char in her butt. 873 00:42:47,320 --> 00:42:50,120 Yes, right. How do we show that it's not the 874 00:42:50,120 --> 00:42:55,160 burning and the surprise over the actual tobacco itself? 875 00:42:55,480 --> 00:42:59,600 So humans are still unable to breathe out of their butts? 876 00:42:59,640 --> 00:43:02,640 Well, I guess this fictitious novel I read was wrong. 877 00:43:03,120 --> 00:43:06,160 Have you ever heard the term blowing smoke up your ass? 878 00:43:06,160 --> 00:43:08,120 Yeah, of course, that's what this is from. 879 00:43:08,360 --> 00:43:10,640 But that that means like, you're fucking around with someone, 880 00:43:10,640 --> 00:43:11,680 right? Doesn't that be like, don't blow 881 00:43:11,680 --> 00:43:13,600 smoke up my ass? Because it doesn't work. 882 00:43:14,760 --> 00:43:17,480 Oh, I like, I was going to say, I'm not usually drowning when I 883 00:43:17,480 --> 00:43:20,000 say that to people. No, all right, I'm going to. 884 00:43:20,120 --> 00:43:24,200 I'm going to take us out on a poem that surgeons used to use 885 00:43:24,200 --> 00:43:26,760 in the 1700s to remind people to take it anally. 886 00:43:28,760 --> 00:43:32,480 And the word glister means enema, tobacco, glister, breathe 887 00:43:32,480 --> 00:43:36,120 and bleed, keep warm and rub till you succeed, and spare no 888 00:43:36,120 --> 00:43:39,640 pains, for what you do may one day be repaid to you. 889 00:43:40,040 --> 00:43:41,960 Science. So many things you can do with a 890 00:43:41,960 --> 00:43:43,720 butthole. It's just so fun. 891 00:43:43,920 --> 00:43:47,080 I just like I'm glad I got into science, but I had no idea that 892 00:43:47,080 --> 00:43:49,880 it was way cooler than I. Ever thought I could be give you 893 00:43:49,880 --> 00:43:52,240 a tour of different sciences you can go into? 894 00:43:52,760 --> 00:43:54,600 And even if they did, they probably wouldn't be. 895 00:43:54,600 --> 00:43:58,840 Like your job could be making custom butt plugs for turtles or 896 00:43:58,840 --> 00:44:01,680 studying poop eating snails, but I wish they did. 897 00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:03,120 I wish they did. I wish they did. 898 00:44:03,120 --> 00:44:06,480 And if you are a advisor? On a kyoderms well. 899 00:44:06,720 --> 00:44:10,640 You know, they are our closest relative invertebrate relative 900 00:44:10,640 --> 00:44:14,360 to us, so they are the closest impressions to the vertebrates. 901 00:44:14,600 --> 00:44:18,480 She means they're just one degree closer, which is exciting 902 00:44:18,480 --> 00:44:20,160 I feel. I feel closer to them. 903 00:44:20,160 --> 00:44:22,560 Now they're like basically a Bony jellyfish. 904 00:44:22,560 --> 00:44:23,920 So like that doesn't I know that it's not. 905 00:44:23,920 --> 00:44:26,640 Real bone jellyfish are not a kyoderms. 906 00:44:26,760 --> 00:44:30,120 No, that's what I mean. They're closer to us than. 907 00:44:30,760 --> 00:44:32,880 Jellyfish pooping is also confusing. 908 00:44:32,880 --> 00:44:34,960 Oh, that we should do a whole. Episode Yeah, jellyfish are 909 00:44:34,960 --> 00:44:38,240 fucking Yeah, we have to do a Burgess Shale and then we can 910 00:44:38,240 --> 00:44:41,080 definitely talk jellies then and some other fucked. 911 00:44:41,080 --> 00:44:42,600 I mean, honestly, we could probably just put it in 912 00:44:42,640 --> 00:44:44,520 anywhere. Yeah, yeah, it fits. 913 00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:47,440 It goes. So I mean, this is first of many 914 00:44:47,480 --> 00:44:49,160 journeys. I mean, no, it's not the first. 915 00:44:49,160 --> 00:44:50,920 We've already done a lot of buttholes and we're not 916 00:44:50,920 --> 00:44:55,280 stopping, so don't. Matter how many old men leave 917 00:44:55,280 --> 00:44:59,320 comments on iTunes about how crude we are, Yeah, this is what 918 00:44:59,320 --> 00:45:00,680 we are interested in. So. 919 00:45:00,680 --> 00:45:04,120 It is, yeah. And if you are a PhD advisor out 920 00:45:04,120 --> 00:45:06,960 there looking for a student to study butt holes and a kind of 921 00:45:06,960 --> 00:45:09,440 terms, I might go back to school for that, Yeah. 922 00:45:09,600 --> 00:45:12,920 Might be the only thing that'll get me to actually pursue that 923 00:45:12,920 --> 00:45:18,760 fun one of these days. Thank you for listening. 924 00:45:18,760 --> 00:45:21,760 If you liked the podcast, be sure to rate and review us on 925 00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:23,480 your listening platform of choice. 926 00:45:23,480 --> 00:45:25,800 We really appreciate it. If you'd like to hear more and 927 00:45:25,800 --> 00:45:28,840 support the show, follow us on Patreon for some exclusive bits 928 00:45:28,840 --> 00:45:30,760 or on our various social media platforms. 929 00:45:31,160 --> 00:45:33,520 You can follow Amy on Instagram at Mary Anning's. 930 00:45:33,520 --> 00:45:37,520 Revenge and Megan on Instagram and TikTok at Geo Pedal Fabric 931 00:45:37,560 --> 00:45:41,560 or both of us at Weird and Dead on Instagram and TikTok. 932 00:45:41,720 --> 00:45:44,680 This podcast is part of the Geology Podcasting Network. 933 00:45:44,680 --> 00:45:47,160 Produced by the travelling geologist Chris. 934 00:45:47,760 --> 00:45:50,480 Cover art provided by Chris Spencer and the host. 935 00:45:50,640 --> 00:45:53,080 Our theme song is Unlocked Me by Praz Konal. 936 00:45:53,160 --> 00:45:55,720 Editing services provided by the amazing Katie Bradley. 937 00:45:56,040 --> 00:45:59,320 Hosted by and researched by us, Amy Atwater and Megan 938 00:45:59,320 --> 00:46:00,600 Weatherall. Thanks for listening. 939 00:46:03,880 --> 00:46:06,680 Thank you for joining us on this tour to Buttholes.