1 00:00:04,440 --> 00:00:07,280 You're listening to Weird and Dead, the paleontology podcast 2 00:00:07,280 --> 00:00:09,840 that tells evolutions most embarrassing and bizarre 3 00:00:09,840 --> 00:00:11,800 stories. I'm Amy Atwater. 4 00:00:11,800 --> 00:00:14,440 And I'm Megan Wetherell, and we're two living scientists who 5 00:00:14,440 --> 00:00:16,239 are weirdly excited about dead things. 6 00:00:17,640 --> 00:00:21,560 Speaking of excited, did you know that some animals had bones 7 00:00:21,560 --> 00:00:25,080 in their Dicks? And correspondingly in their 8 00:00:25,080 --> 00:00:27,320 clitoris. Yes, this week is all about 9 00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:31,520 evolution and the loss and the use of actual Bony boners, the 10 00:00:31,520 --> 00:00:35,200 baculum and the Bob bellum. So of course, given that, you 11 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:37,440 should expect that in this episode we are going to talk 12 00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:39,320 about genitalia and other gross things. 13 00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:41,360 So please check the warnings in the description. 14 00:00:41,880 --> 00:00:45,120 Also, sometimes Dick bones are used for non consensual sexual 15 00:00:45,120 --> 00:00:47,920 behavior in animals, which we will briefly discuss in this 16 00:00:47,920 --> 00:00:55,040 episode. So to start off with today we 17 00:00:55,040 --> 00:00:59,240 are going to talk about the La Brea Tar Pits, which are an 18 00:00:59,240 --> 00:01:02,920 incredible accumulation of fossils that for whatever reason 19 00:01:02,920 --> 00:01:05,280 are pretty much directly in the middle of Los Angeles. 20 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:08,880 And they are incredibly large collections. 21 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:12,640 You can get a really great idea of of like morphological 22 00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:15,680 variation, which as a person who has studied that in the past is 23 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:19,040 like super cool. And it means that you get 24 00:01:19,040 --> 00:01:21,520 because these animals would essentially the, the herbivores 25 00:01:21,520 --> 00:01:24,360 would get stuck in the sticky asphalt and then the carnivores 26 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:27,640 would come in afterwards and try to eat the dying slash dead 27 00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:29,240 mammoth. And as a result, it's a 28 00:01:29,240 --> 00:01:32,480 carnivore trap. So you get, in particular, very 29 00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:35,840 large numbers of carnivores, including things like 30 00:01:36,080 --> 00:01:40,040 direwolves, which if you were not aware, we're real, not just 31 00:01:40,040 --> 00:01:44,360 a Game of Thrones thing. The amount of how much bigger 32 00:01:44,360 --> 00:01:48,000 they are than modern wolves, it turns out it really depends on 33 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:50,880 which wolf subspecies you compare it to. 34 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:53,000 They were a little bit bigger than today's wolves. 35 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:56,240 They're not like huge, bigger than the biggest of today's 36 00:01:56,240 --> 00:02:01,360 wolves, but they were real. And because they were so excited 37 00:02:01,360 --> 00:02:06,000 about running into sticky pits of asphalt after dead and 38 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:10,039 decaying mammoths, they have preserved whole skeletons of 39 00:02:10,039 --> 00:02:13,600 these animals and just tons and tons and tons of them. 40 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:17,960 So that means even little tiny nitty gritty bones, which are 41 00:02:17,960 --> 00:02:19,840 the bones that we're talking about today. 42 00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:22,600 Little things like they're called free floating bones. 43 00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:26,720 So things like your Patella, your kneecap, sesamoid bones, 44 00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:29,480 which are the bones that form a around your tendons in things 45 00:02:29,480 --> 00:02:33,080 like your wrists, these are all things that preserve very poorly 46 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:34,960 in the real world. And we don't, if you don't have 47 00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:36,800 them in association with the animal, you can't always tell 48 00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:40,240 what they are, but very, very well in places like La Brea. 49 00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:44,000 And so we're going to talk in particular about one bone, of 50 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:49,480 which there are 400 examples at the La Brea tarpit, 400 51 00:02:49,480 --> 00:02:54,200 examples, 159 of them are complete, so they have no broken 52 00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:57,840 bits. Of those 159, eight of them are 53 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:03,400 pathological and usually that means that they may have had 54 00:03:03,400 --> 00:03:07,160 some sort of genetic deformity or they were broken and then re 55 00:03:07,160 --> 00:03:10,400 healed. And it's very often a a twisting 56 00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:14,000 along the long axis of the bone. So kind of like the bone got 57 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:18,960 sideswiped, knocked over and then re healed or genetically 58 00:03:18,960 --> 00:03:23,160 they were born that way. And one in particular is super, 59 00:03:23,160 --> 00:03:28,400 super busted and it didn't just twist over it full on folded 60 00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:31,920 over to the side. And that is the first image, 61 00:03:31,920 --> 00:03:35,600 Amy, that you can Scroll down and see of this bone. 62 00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:39,120 And Amy is already wincing because she knows what this type 63 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:48,640 of bone is, which is called this is a baculum, which is the bone 64 00:03:48,640 --> 00:03:51,160 you find in some animals penises. 65 00:03:51,840 --> 00:03:55,200 That it's the subject of today's conversation. 66 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:59,440 So this poor direwolf has a broken and rehealed Dick bone. 67 00:03:59,640 --> 00:04:04,560 Oh, it just, I cannot wait for us to put this picture out 68 00:04:04,560 --> 00:04:07,200 there. I am like, I am like 69 00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:11,760 empathically feeling the pain of people with penises around the 70 00:04:11,760 --> 00:04:15,080 world who are going to look at this and just cringe with the 71 00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:19,160 utter suffering that is very evident with this broken and 72 00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:21,680 rehealed at a weird angle Dick bone. 73 00:04:23,480 --> 00:04:29,360 So there's bacula, which are the male version, and then there's 74 00:04:29,360 --> 00:04:31,600 babella, which are the female version. 75 00:04:31,880 --> 00:04:35,400 So bacula, babella for multiples, baculum, babellum for 76 00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:36,880 singulars. Singulars. 77 00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:39,480 Who? I was doing so great on 78 00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:44,680 pronouncing words that were singular or multiple, but then I 79 00:04:45,400 --> 00:04:49,200 fucked up singular so. So what is a baculum? 80 00:04:49,280 --> 00:04:53,000 Oh, thank you for asking, Megan. I've been waiting for that 81 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:55,040 question to be asked me my whole life. 82 00:04:55,600 --> 00:05:00,880 Whole life waiting for a moment like this I was also singing in 83 00:05:00,880 --> 00:05:07,040 my head like what is a good for absolutely nothing we'll talk 84 00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:11,040 about that so yeah we're talking about genital bones today 85 00:05:11,040 --> 00:05:14,760 they're a thing. Would you know it if you had 86 00:05:14,760 --> 00:05:16,560 one? You might not actually 87 00:05:16,560 --> 00:05:19,560 surprisingly I you know, we're going to say a lot of weird 88 00:05:19,560 --> 00:05:21,280 things. I think we're putting the bone 89 00:05:21,280 --> 00:05:25,440 and boner today is the plan. So what you already said is 1 90 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:29,400 hundo true. So baculum specifically is a the 91 00:05:29,440 --> 00:05:32,200 penis bone. It's found in some placental 92 00:05:32,200 --> 00:05:34,760 mammals. It's not in all mammals and it's 93 00:05:34,760 --> 00:05:38,440 not like you said, it's not connected to the skeletal system 94 00:05:38,440 --> 00:05:40,040 anyway, right. It's not like attached to your 95 00:05:40,040 --> 00:05:43,280 spinal cord or your hips or anything like that. 96 00:05:43,440 --> 00:05:46,200 They just float just little floats in the in the Dick. 97 00:05:46,360 --> 00:05:49,080 Now they seem to be pretty highly selected for in some 98 00:05:49,080 --> 00:05:52,960 cases, like they are pretty like prone to selection as they've 99 00:05:53,520 --> 00:05:57,040 appeared and been lost and regained and lost in multiple 100 00:05:57,040 --> 00:06:00,840 different lineages through time. It seems to be pretty direct 101 00:06:00,840 --> 00:06:04,080 evidence for some sort of sexual selection going on. 102 00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:07,800 Keeps that Dick nice and hard. Though in some animals like 103 00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:12,560 bats, it seems to also aid in protecting the urethra. 104 00:06:12,560 --> 00:06:15,560 So, you know, a little like, I don't know, protect it like a 105 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:18,160 mouth guard, but like a Dick guard for your pee hole. 106 00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:21,440 Do they have just such violent pisses that they need more 107 00:06:21,440 --> 00:06:24,040 support? I think it might be because 108 00:06:24,040 --> 00:06:25,640 they're, well that's a good question. 109 00:06:25,640 --> 00:06:27,920 I immediately assumed it had something to do with their 110 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:30,760 skeleton or what not being fairly lightweight and like 111 00:06:30,760 --> 00:06:34,200 fragile and maybe needing some extra protection. 112 00:06:34,200 --> 00:06:36,280 But that would be extra weight, so I don't. 113 00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:39,800 That's where you're going to invest in one spot for extra 114 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:42,560 protection is going to be a good phone that makes sense. 115 00:06:42,560 --> 00:06:46,840 Well, wow. I mean, they are pretty 116 00:06:46,840 --> 00:06:49,760 essential. They're good for things, They do 117 00:06:49,760 --> 00:06:52,520 things. So I was. 118 00:06:52,720 --> 00:06:56,280 Feminist pain on your face as you try to tell us Dick bones 119 00:06:56,280 --> 00:06:58,640 are good for things. It's another tough episode 120 00:06:58,640 --> 00:07:01,680 because while it's super entertaining and funny, there 121 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:04,920 are some aspects of this that can become a little triggering, 122 00:07:04,920 --> 00:07:07,880 to be totally frank. So we're gonna, we're just gonna 123 00:07:07,880 --> 00:07:10,520 talk about this animal Kingdom like we always do. 124 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:14,800 And I'm gonna try to interject my fun aspect and not always my 125 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:18,960 bummer feminist rate. So one of the best things that I 126 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:23,600 learned in Graduate School was an acronym to remember all the 127 00:07:23,600 --> 00:07:30,280 mammals that have genital bones. And that's PRICK, which is PRICC 128 00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:35,400 stands for Primates, Rodents, Insectivores, Carnivora and 129 00:07:35,480 --> 00:07:36,800 Chioptera. So bats. 130 00:07:37,120 --> 00:07:39,360 And yeah, I mean, who can forget that? 131 00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:43,080 So not all of those organisms within all of those groups have 132 00:07:43,080 --> 00:07:47,520 genital bones, but they are seemingly constrained to those 133 00:07:47,520 --> 00:07:51,600 lineages. And it does seem like because of 134 00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:54,120 the timing of it, there have been some papers that have been 135 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:57,920 able to see that it's they've evolved, evolved after the split 136 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:03,800 from marsupials and monotremes, but before the most common 137 00:08:03,800 --> 00:08:06,640 ancestor of primates and carnivora. 138 00:08:06,640 --> 00:08:10,160 So both primates and carnivorans have genital bones. 139 00:08:10,160 --> 00:08:13,960 So they think it's somewhere between 145 to about 95,000,000 140 00:08:13,960 --> 00:08:17,400 years ago. The first Dick Bone did cometh. 141 00:08:18,840 --> 00:08:22,240 That's what I've got on. Well, I've got a lot, but I'd 142 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:25,960 love to hear about the Bob Bellum and all the fun details 143 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:26,760 on that. Yeah. 144 00:08:26,760 --> 00:08:31,720 So the Bob bellum, the word Bob bellum means jewel or gem in 145 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:35,760 Latin, which is real, real cute for a bone that is in the 146 00:08:35,760 --> 00:08:40,640 clitoris of these animals. So it is the female equivalent 147 00:08:40,640 --> 00:08:45,680 of the baculum and it's much smaller as we will discuss when 148 00:08:45,680 --> 00:08:49,360 we get to walruses. And it is, as you might expect, 149 00:08:49,560 --> 00:08:54,440 understudied, probably for a variety of reasons, but also 150 00:08:54,440 --> 00:08:58,800 including the fact that it is also smaller and it is harder to 151 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:00,960 find. The clip bone is harder to find 152 00:09:01,320 --> 00:09:05,680 so. She said it, not me. 153 00:09:06,120 --> 00:09:10,080 She said it. So to remember which animals 154 00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:13,920 have genital bones or have bibella, you can use the exact 155 00:09:13,920 --> 00:09:17,400 same acronym because it's the exact same group of animals. 156 00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:22,240 They are cross correlated. Of course the bibellum isn't 157 00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:26,720 always present in the mammals that have bacula. 158 00:09:26,720 --> 00:09:29,040 So sometimes you have bacula in a group. 159 00:09:29,040 --> 00:09:33,600 So for rats, for example, male rats have bacula, female rats do 160 00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:37,080 not have bibella, but there is no group that we know of that 161 00:09:37,080 --> 00:09:40,040 has a bibella that does not have a bacula. 162 00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:44,680 So they're linked, and you're more likely to lose the the lady 163 00:09:44,680 --> 00:09:47,880 version than the male version. Interesting, interesting. 164 00:09:47,880 --> 00:09:52,480 Or again we just literally like I was trying to find evidence of 165 00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:56,800 fossil primates with genital bones and holy shit you think 166 00:09:56,840 --> 00:09:58,920 primates are rare? Well, trying to find their 167 00:09:58,920 --> 00:10:03,600 genital bones is way harder. They need to just fall into 168 00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:05,560 giant pools of asphalt more often. 169 00:10:05,640 --> 00:10:08,840 That's the only example. That we have of a primate that 170 00:10:08,840 --> 00:10:12,840 is like the equivalent the the European equivalent of Messel. 171 00:10:13,280 --> 00:10:18,000 Messel, the site we love, right. That is the only early primate 172 00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:22,000 genital bone that's been found is from a male primate that was 173 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,520 discovered in late 1975. But I couldn't find a fucking 174 00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:28,080 image of it anywhere. Rude. 175 00:10:28,520 --> 00:10:30,360 Yeah. I mean, it's going to be a fun 176 00:10:30,360 --> 00:10:33,920 day to go back to a lot of stuff I studied in Graduate School. 177 00:10:33,920 --> 00:10:38,760 I had some triggers this week looking up old papers. 178 00:10:38,760 --> 00:10:42,320 I was like, oh God. Before we dive fully into 179 00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:45,400 primates, which, yeah, again, because you're probably already 180 00:10:45,400 --> 00:10:48,600 going, well, you said primates. Do humans have genital bones? 181 00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:50,800 We'll get there. But we do see quite a bit of, 182 00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:54,400 like, diversity in sizes and shapes of these genital bones. 183 00:10:54,400 --> 00:10:56,560 It's really, really interesting. They don't seem to vary 184 00:10:56,560 --> 00:10:59,800 necessarily with body size, but, you know, maybe they do in the 185 00:10:59,800 --> 00:11:03,160 case of, like, the walrus. So a walrus specula, more on 186 00:11:03,160 --> 00:11:05,480 that later, can be about two feet long. 187 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:09,120 Some can be even longer. Some can be an almost a full 188 00:11:09,120 --> 00:11:13,120 Megan, which is crazy. Yeah, some I'm one went to. 189 00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:16,240 I am much bigger than two feet tall. 190 00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:19,600 Just so that we're all fucking aware, Amy is not trying to say 191 00:11:19,600 --> 00:11:26,320 that I am 3 feet tall. I am a regular more than that in 192 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:29,480 height. This is true. 193 00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:32,520 This is true. But no, this was an exceptional 194 00:11:32,520 --> 00:11:35,520 specimen. It went to auction for $8000 and 195 00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:39,560 it was 4 1/2 feet long. This genital bone from a walrus, 196 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:43,160 while the smallest that we've seen are a lot of those that are 197 00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:46,880 in, you know, rodents, rats and rodents have got some funky 198 00:11:46,880 --> 00:11:49,680 bacula. I think the marmoset, which is a 199 00:11:49,680 --> 00:11:53,600 super cute New world monkey from North, I just said the new 200 00:11:53,600 --> 00:11:55,440 world. So from South America, it's got 201 00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:59,240 like a 2mm long bacula in those ones. 202 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:02,680 However, you might now be wondering again. 203 00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:07,280 You've said primates, Amy, so do all primates have genital bones? 204 00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:11,760 No, you don't have a genital bone unless something happened 205 00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:14,080 to you medically as a. Child. 206 00:12:15,440 --> 00:12:18,640 Or, you know, if you went real, real freaky into body 207 00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:20,160 modification. But that's something. 208 00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:23,600 Different good point because essentially what the extreme 209 00:12:23,600 --> 00:12:27,800 version of erectile dysfunction treatment is an implant and that 210 00:12:27,800 --> 00:12:31,160 is essentially a is a genital bone that's giving you a bacula 211 00:12:31,520 --> 00:12:35,040 so that you can stay hard because that's all we care about 212 00:12:35,040 --> 00:12:38,080 is dude staying hard. That's literally really what 213 00:12:38,080 --> 00:12:40,440 this entire fucking episode is about. 214 00:12:40,440 --> 00:12:45,560 So I don't know, not my, I'm like, thank God. 215 00:12:45,560 --> 00:12:49,800 I just had to like go down, bro Taverns. 216 00:12:49,960 --> 00:12:54,280 Anyway, so how did we get this bacula, this genital bone? 217 00:12:54,280 --> 00:12:56,120 As we said, it's a mammalian thing. 218 00:12:56,400 --> 00:12:58,440 It shows up in true placental mammals. 219 00:12:58,440 --> 00:13:00,320 So it's not in things like Kangaroos. 220 00:13:00,320 --> 00:13:02,120 It's not in things like a platypus. 221 00:13:02,480 --> 00:13:04,880 Again, it's not in all of these groups. 222 00:13:04,880 --> 00:13:08,800 Now why? Why do we have a genital bone 223 00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:11,080 are why do certain groups have a genital bone? 224 00:13:11,360 --> 00:13:15,480 This is going to quickly get into the human aspect of why not 225 00:13:15,480 --> 00:13:17,360 right? Like that's the most common 226 00:13:17,360 --> 00:13:20,360 thing folks are going to wonder is why humans do not. 227 00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:24,200 But for most part, folks think that they're there to impart 228 00:13:24,200 --> 00:13:27,560 rigidity, which is just science speak for keeping that Dick 229 00:13:27,560 --> 00:13:31,760 hard. And another big part is making 230 00:13:31,760 --> 00:13:34,680 intercourse doing it last even longer. 231 00:13:34,840 --> 00:13:37,640 Now, this isn't just for like, their pleasure. 232 00:13:37,920 --> 00:13:41,720 It's also frequently scientifically thought of as a 233 00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:46,440 way to keep a female like, occupied while she's like, 234 00:13:46,440 --> 00:13:50,840 soaking up those swimmers. And so she can't immediately 235 00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:56,800 run, yeah, like looking into her eyes while you're still up in 236 00:13:56,840 --> 00:14:00,680 there, and so that the female can't go copulate with another 237 00:14:00,680 --> 00:14:02,400 male. And then you're in more direct 238 00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:06,200 sperm competition. So it's like this post coming. 239 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:10,800 Adaptation, if you will. So what's really interesting in 240 00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:14,640 the scientific literature on this is what would be your guess 241 00:14:14,640 --> 00:14:19,560 of what the defining threshold is for long intermission 242 00:14:19,560 --> 00:14:25,640 durations versus short? So what do you think is the 243 00:14:25,640 --> 00:14:30,000 magic number? What counts as yeah, long sexual 244 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,240 interaction in the animal Kingdom? 245 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:37,120 In the animal Kingdom, you know, I just know that birds do that 246 00:14:37,200 --> 00:14:40,200 like real fast cloacal kiss. So I'm going to go with a minute 247 00:14:40,200 --> 00:14:42,880 as being the cut off for long. It's pretty good. 248 00:14:42,960 --> 00:14:46,280 You're you're. That does not reflect any human 249 00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:48,840 thing, but. That's what I'm telling you. 250 00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:53,840 That's what I'm saying is I was like researching this episode. 251 00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:55,600 I was like, I have to be really careful. 252 00:14:55,600 --> 00:14:58,960 People are going to think I'm married to a man with a barbed 253 00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:00,680 penis. Nothing wrong with that. 254 00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:03,760 Nothing wrong with that. Nothing. 255 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:13,080 No judgement. Just two paleontologists trying 256 00:15:13,080 --> 00:15:15,240 to defend their husbands lack of Dick bones. 257 00:15:15,640 --> 00:15:18,480 I've never seen a penis. Let's just go with that. 258 00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:23,320 Let's just pretend. Okay, back to why you would need 259 00:15:23,320 --> 00:15:26,360 a Dick bone. So in some cases, like cats, 260 00:15:26,920 --> 00:15:30,040 there actually needs to be stimulation for the female to 261 00:15:30,040 --> 00:15:33,240 even trigger ovulation. And so they're thinking that 262 00:15:33,240 --> 00:15:37,560 like more increased time and duration and stimulation, better 263 00:15:37,560 --> 00:15:40,760 chance that the female is going to have an egg ready to be 264 00:15:40,760 --> 00:15:43,440 fertilized. Now there's this one, which is 265 00:15:43,440 --> 00:15:46,680 called the vagina friction hypothesis, which is somehow 266 00:15:46,680 --> 00:15:49,800 even worse than it sounds, which is hard to do. 267 00:15:50,400 --> 00:15:53,880 And literally the paper was like, it's like a shoehorn to 268 00:15:53,880 --> 00:16:01,560 get into a stubborn vagina. And I was like, Oh my God, it's. 269 00:16:02,040 --> 00:16:04,400 Why would a shoehorn be helpful to? 270 00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:06,720 Get this is. Always this. 271 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:12,880 Is going into that borderline not consensual aspect of this 272 00:16:12,880 --> 00:16:17,160 discussion, which is very much that a Dick bone can help you 273 00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:22,200 get there even if the female is not wanting you to get there. 274 00:16:22,760 --> 00:16:26,280 We're going to talk more about the absurd ones having to do 275 00:16:26,280 --> 00:16:28,440 with the long Oh my God, I didn't even answer the question. 276 00:16:28,440 --> 00:16:30,640 Oh my God, everyone's been waiting to know how long 277 00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:36,240 scientific sex is so. It's about it's not that long. 278 00:16:36,280 --> 00:16:37,880 It's not as long as we've waited. 279 00:16:38,040 --> 00:16:40,040 It's definitely short. It's it's 3 minutes. 280 00:16:40,040 --> 00:16:44,280 It's actually 3 minutes is what they decided, at least in one 281 00:16:44,280 --> 00:16:46,640 paper. So they're saying that in 282 00:16:46,640 --> 00:16:50,360 species that fuck for more than 3 minutes, there tends to be 283 00:16:50,360 --> 00:16:52,760 more of a presence of a Dick bone. 284 00:16:52,760 --> 00:16:56,560 Now here is when I'm going to start throwing all of the curves 285 00:16:56,560 --> 00:16:58,160 and like, yeah, but not this group. 286 00:16:58,160 --> 00:17:01,200 Yeah, but not that group. So an immediate one that doesn't 287 00:17:01,200 --> 00:17:03,360 follow this rule is the bonobos. Right? 288 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:07,040 The chimpanzee, the cousin of chimps, they've got a bacula. 289 00:17:07,040 --> 00:17:09,760 All other apes except humans have a Dick bone. 290 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:13,520 But bonobos fuck for like 15 seconds, like 8 seconds. 291 00:17:13,599 --> 00:17:18,680 Like it is just like done ow. And so they don't follow the 292 00:17:18,680 --> 00:17:23,960 rule of longer doing it equals more Dick bones because like 293 00:17:23,960 --> 00:17:26,960 they don't follow any rules because they've been gained and 294 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:28,480 lost many times through evolution. 295 00:17:28,480 --> 00:17:31,520 So there's probably just like so many different factors that we 296 00:17:31,520 --> 00:17:34,240 don't even have. We're so distracted by genitals 297 00:17:34,240 --> 00:17:36,440 that we're just like Dicks like me. 298 00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:42,760 So we do seem to think that smallest bacula seem to be 299 00:17:42,760 --> 00:17:46,160 observed in species that have mating systems where females 300 00:17:46,160 --> 00:17:50,640 mate with just a single male, whereas bigger or wider or 301 00:17:50,680 --> 00:17:56,400 stronger here bacula are usually found in species where females 302 00:17:56,400 --> 00:17:58,960 mate with multiple partners. But again, I just told you about 303 00:17:58,960 --> 00:18:02,160 chimps and bonobos. They're multi male, multi female 304 00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:03,840 mating. They're doing it with each 305 00:18:03,840 --> 00:18:05,640 other, all the fucking. Got to make that. 306 00:18:05,640 --> 00:18:09,120 Bonobos, it's literally conflict resolution yes. 307 00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:12,920 And so again, like they're they're implying that a 308 00:18:12,920 --> 00:18:16,880 monogamous mating system or a polygynous where it's like 1 309 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:20,880 male who's not competing for any with any other males that those 310 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:24,640 would have smaller Dick bones. But that doesn't seem to follow 311 00:18:24,640 --> 00:18:28,040 the rules. But what does actually is my 312 00:18:28,040 --> 00:18:31,160 first image. For you I best OK bones, so go. 313 00:18:31,360 --> 00:18:32,680 Ahead and take a. Look at. 314 00:18:32,920 --> 00:18:35,440 They look like. Yeah, yeah. 315 00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:39,400 I mean, the upper right is literally described as a Trident 316 00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:40,400 shape. Yeah. 317 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:45,880 And the other one, the upper left is rice rats and then the 318 00:18:45,880 --> 00:18:49,880 bigger ones at the bottom are bears and a sea lion. 319 00:18:50,760 --> 00:18:55,760 So we've got basically like a spork, a curled spork, we've got 320 00:18:55,760 --> 00:19:00,720 a Trident shape with a real fat face and we've got a stick and 321 00:19:00,720 --> 00:19:02,480 those are the Dick bone shapes. That we are, yeah. 322 00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:05,320 And I really enjoyed that. You said babela means like, 323 00:19:05,320 --> 00:19:08,520 jewel or gem because baculum just means stick. 324 00:19:08,720 --> 00:19:11,640 So, you know, that's pretty telling. 325 00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:15,760 It's pretty fucking telling. Yeah, you can Scroll down and 326 00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:21,360 we're talking about primate apes in particular, which I love this 327 00:19:21,360 --> 00:19:24,000 image so fucking much. I, I think about it probably 328 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:25,280 daily, I'm not even going to lie. 329 00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:30,000 But if we're talking about the genital bones of apes, of 330 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:33,200 primates, you know, we are apes, then you have to talk about the 331 00:19:33,200 --> 00:19:36,560 mating system of primates, apes, including us. 332 00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:40,520 And So what this image is showing you is showing you the 333 00:19:40,520 --> 00:19:46,240 relative testicle size to body size, to penis length. 334 00:19:47,440 --> 00:19:54,520 Oh, and boobs. OK, so there's they're they're 335 00:19:54,520 --> 00:19:59,320 using those like male and female, like the symbols, and 336 00:19:59,560 --> 00:20:03,400 they have decided to not include the fact that those usually have 337 00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:05,360 like a cut out Center for the circle. 338 00:20:05,680 --> 00:20:09,240 So the male what is just a big ball with an arrow pointing out 339 00:20:09,240 --> 00:20:11,920 the top and the female is a big ball with a cross pointing out 340 00:20:11,920 --> 00:20:17,320 the bottom, which they've also chosen to represent testicle 341 00:20:17,320 --> 00:20:23,040 size AS2 small balls on the bottom of the male symbol, that 342 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:25,400 breast size. Wow. 343 00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:29,720 The female version in the middle, which I think they were 344 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:31,960 intending to be like with nipples, Yeah. 345 00:20:31,960 --> 00:20:34,080 So testicles are just two empty balls. 346 00:20:34,080 --> 00:20:36,800 Breasts are empty balls with a little dot in the middle. 347 00:20:36,800 --> 00:20:40,840 But instead of looking like breasts, it looks like a little 348 00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:43,600 stick figure that's shocked like. 349 00:20:43,720 --> 00:20:48,320 It's so surprised. Yeah. 350 00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:50,560 Wow. What a graphic. 351 00:20:53,120 --> 00:20:57,800 It's amazing and I love it and I really think about it often. 352 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:02,360 What I want you to notice here is that the relative size of the 353 00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:04,680 arrow for the male symbol, right? 354 00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:09,160 That tells you how long the Ding a Ling is of the specific 355 00:21:09,160 --> 00:21:10,760 species. Like how so? 356 00:21:10,760 --> 00:21:13,560 This is literally how they're saying what your balls are 357 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:16,320 compared to your body size, compared to your shaft length. 358 00:21:17,080 --> 00:21:20,200 And there are so many articles out there you can just Google it 359 00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:23,320 and find they're all like, hey, dudes, you should feel good. 360 00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:26,240 You've got the biggest Dick out of all the apes. 361 00:21:26,600 --> 00:21:29,520 And it's like, really? Is that how much we're trying to 362 00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:34,120 just like pander to the fragile ego of like, really? 363 00:21:34,520 --> 00:21:37,480 And it doesn't hold up across primates as a whole either, 364 00:21:37,520 --> 00:21:39,000 y'all? Like there's some baboons who've 365 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:43,120 got some lengthy danglings, but within apes we are unique and 366 00:21:43,120 --> 00:21:47,840 that we have a long Dick, relatively small balls to body 367 00:21:47,840 --> 00:21:50,720 size. And why that matters is both can 368 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:54,440 be used to reconstruct the ancestral human mating system. 369 00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:57,800 So if you look at gorillas on the far right, we have the 370 00:21:57,800 --> 00:22:02,200 gorilla who what would you say about his testicles to body 371 00:22:02,200 --> 00:22:03,880 size, to Dick size based on this? 372 00:22:04,200 --> 00:22:07,320 He's going more for like a statue of David. 373 00:22:07,320 --> 00:22:09,360 Look like small Dick, small balls. 374 00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:12,000 Yep, teeny tiny. Yeah. 375 00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:16,320 I mean, gentlemen, if your Dick is longer than two 2 1/2 inches, 376 00:22:16,320 --> 00:22:19,520 congratulations, you have a bigger Dick than a gorilla, who 377 00:22:19,520 --> 00:22:22,320 weighs way more than a human male. 378 00:22:22,600 --> 00:22:26,360 And gorillas have teeny tiny nut sacks relative to their body 379 00:22:26,360 --> 00:22:28,960 size as well. And again, this has to do with 380 00:22:28,960 --> 00:22:32,360 their mating system. So gorillas are what we would 381 00:22:32,360 --> 00:22:35,000 call polygynous. They have one male, the 382 00:22:35,000 --> 00:22:39,560 silverback gorilla, and he has his group of females and he has 383 00:22:39,800 --> 00:22:42,560 total access to them. They're not sneaking away and 384 00:22:42,560 --> 00:22:44,640 slipping it to other gorillas and whatnot. 385 00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:48,120 Like, so he is not competing with any other male but him. 386 00:22:48,120 --> 00:22:50,280 So he doesn't need to make a ton of sperm all the time. 387 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:52,160 So he's got these teeny little balls. 388 00:22:52,360 --> 00:22:56,560 And then we've got bonobos on the other end who have giant 389 00:22:56,560 --> 00:22:58,640 testicles and an average size Dick. 390 00:22:58,920 --> 00:23:02,520 And this has been used to say, well, yeah, they have this mini 391 00:23:02,520 --> 00:23:06,360 male, mini female mating system. So the males need to be 392 00:23:06,360 --> 00:23:11,000 producing so much spunk because their sperm are competing more 393 00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:14,840 than the individual visuals are. And so humans kind of fall in 394 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:18,000 between. And honestly then we just have 395 00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:21,040 these like big Dicks, which is is interesting and we're we're 396 00:23:21,040 --> 00:23:23,640 going to get into that, but we don't have a baculum. 397 00:23:23,880 --> 00:23:28,880 So is our big Dick because we lost the baculum and we are able 398 00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:33,120 to get hard, stay hard because of the the vascular penis that. 399 00:23:33,360 --> 00:23:37,920 We've discussed. Before and essentially by 400 00:23:38,160 --> 00:23:42,320 pumping that blood through the corpus cavernosum to be able to 401 00:23:42,320 --> 00:23:45,520 stay hard. So that's just some food for 402 00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:48,880 thought as we continue, because now we're going to talk about 403 00:23:49,240 --> 00:23:55,200 why humans don't have a baculum. And this has been debated so 404 00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:58,000 fucking much. Now people who read the Bible 405 00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:02,440 will tell you that it is because sometimes the biblical sense of 406 00:24:02,440 --> 00:24:06,560 rib that was taken from Adam might actually be his Dick bone. 407 00:24:09,560 --> 00:24:12,920 We're just like, I'll say a prayer for that. 408 00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:17,760 So it's biblical, end of story, end of story. 409 00:24:18,080 --> 00:24:21,600 So one article I read was like, well, we don't have baculum 410 00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:24,360 because we don't meet that three minute benchmark. 411 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:31,280 Human males on average the bust a nut at about two minutes. 412 00:24:31,920 --> 00:24:36,480 Now there are other studies that are like no a lot of humans the 413 00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:41,240 average is more around 5 minutes but again it can be way less 414 00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:43,840 than that. Again, like from what I've read, 415 00:24:47,600 --> 00:24:53,280 I wouldn't know. Self reported or timed? 416 00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:56,480 So we know that chimps, bonobos, right? 417 00:24:56,480 --> 00:24:59,160 They're very close. They last about 20 seconds. 418 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:03,160 We know the gorilla is lasting about 90 seconds. 419 00:25:03,360 --> 00:25:08,160 And the only ape that seems to be doing it for longer than 420 00:25:08,160 --> 00:25:12,480 human time is the so I'm looking at Pongo, which is orangutan. 421 00:25:12,800 --> 00:25:16,240 So it just like that's already not following the rules around 422 00:25:16,240 --> 00:25:19,200 this like longer intermission thing like that. 423 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:23,680 You need to have a long doing it time to have a Dick bone when 424 00:25:23,680 --> 00:25:27,200 humans don't follow that and these other ones that do have 425 00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:29,800 Dick bones are not lasting that long at all. 426 00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:32,600 So I kept reading about other hypothesis. 427 00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:33,880 I'm just going to go through them. 428 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:36,480 Some of them are fucking batshit crazy. 429 00:25:36,760 --> 00:25:39,840 So like this next one and it's because it's from Richard 430 00:25:39,840 --> 00:25:42,400 Dawkings. He just published it in a book. 431 00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:44,920 And so it tells you it's not peer reviewed. 432 00:25:44,920 --> 00:25:48,240 But I guess if your name is Dick and you're a Dick, then you get 433 00:25:48,240 --> 00:25:53,200 to be an expert on Dicks. His take was that we lost the 434 00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:58,560 Dick bone because females needed to see if a male could get hard 435 00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:04,400 or not because erection failure is a sensitive early warning of 436 00:26:04,400 --> 00:26:08,200 health and that it's like if you didn't have a Dick bone, you 437 00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:11,080 could like still be unhealthy. Or if you did have a Dick bone, 438 00:26:11,080 --> 00:26:12,600 you could still be unhealthy and get a heart. 439 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:17,120 And so that like females were like, and obviously there's shit 440 00:26:17,120 --> 00:26:19,600 tons of problems with this besides the fact that it wasn't 441 00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:24,560 peer reviewed and tested, but it largely that like usually Ed 442 00:26:24,560 --> 00:26:29,160 seems to vary more with age than with a particular ailment. 443 00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:32,080 So it's just like would really just, you know, keep. 444 00:26:32,160 --> 00:26:34,640 But then again, like early humans aren't living past like 445 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:37,560 30. So maybe there would be 446 00:26:37,560 --> 00:26:40,440 something to that. That's what Richard Docking is 447 00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:43,200 saying. I didn't say that, Richard 448 00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:47,800 Docking said. See we Richard Docking talking 449 00:26:47,800 --> 00:26:52,920 is something else. OK, so some other classic ones 450 00:26:53,080 --> 00:26:58,040 is essentially that a boneless penis would be more flexible and 451 00:26:58,040 --> 00:27:02,160 facilitate more range of motion and body movement for the 452 00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:04,920 females to get greater stimulation. 453 00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:09,480 But as we've learned from the size of the baculum and other 454 00:27:09,480 --> 00:27:13,520 apes, they're really tiny and would be in like the distal part 455 00:27:13,520 --> 00:27:18,000 of the tip and it would be like literally, they say 15mm long. 456 00:27:18,280 --> 00:27:21,000 So it probably wouldn't have limited any of that. 457 00:27:21,240 --> 00:27:23,920 So most folks don't seem to like that one. 458 00:27:24,160 --> 00:27:28,080 Other folks have thought that the evolution of bipedalism and 459 00:27:28,080 --> 00:27:33,720 sperm competition resulted in the need for a longer penis that 460 00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:38,520 like maybe they would need a bigger supporting baculum and 461 00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:43,040 which then ties into so if that's favoring selection 462 00:27:43,040 --> 00:27:47,440 against a baculum but for a large penis, so is that because 463 00:27:47,440 --> 00:27:50,920 the large baculum was a discomfort to males and 464 00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:55,040 vulnerable to injuries, which is what this most recent paper? 465 00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:58,840 That makes sense. Was like, yeah, it's because a 466 00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:02,160 human male has this longer Dick, right We've already established 467 00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:05,640 that they've also stood up so you can see it it is like right 468 00:28:05,640 --> 00:28:09,840 there. So if it had a baculum and 469 00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:13,920 they're also his paper goes into gaining awareness of like you 470 00:28:13,920 --> 00:28:15,880 realize that oh, they have a baculum. 471 00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:22,640 If I not tap that male, I could break his baculum and out 472 00:28:22,640 --> 00:28:25,760 compete him. And so essentially it is like 473 00:28:25,760 --> 00:28:34,160 this idea that to avoid male male Dick breaking, we lost, we 474 00:28:34,160 --> 00:28:36,040 lost the baculum. Yeah. 475 00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:39,960 Well, maybe we should go back into dire wolves now and talk 476 00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:41,440 about. Oh yes. 477 00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:50,000 So out of 400 bacula that are in La Brea, only one of them was 478 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,920 super, super obviously busted. So pathologically was definitely 479 00:28:53,920 --> 00:28:56,280 busted. Only eight were pathological, 480 00:28:56,280 --> 00:28:58,280 but that doesn't mean that all of them were broken. 481 00:28:58,480 --> 00:29:02,360 But this one that was broken is broken to the side. 482 00:29:02,520 --> 00:29:05,880 And this might be a good point to bring up the fact that 483 00:29:06,120 --> 00:29:12,920 direwolf bacula are way they have more volume than a wolf 484 00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:16,360 bacula does. So these animals are not that 485 00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:20,560 different in size and their length isn't that much different 486 00:29:20,840 --> 00:29:24,720 far as the bacula. But the the girth of the bacula 487 00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:27,280 is far, far bigger in dire wolves. 488 00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:30,840 And basically they just have a very robust. 489 00:29:30,840 --> 00:29:35,560 And so the idea is that it's to avoid scenarios very much like 490 00:29:35,560 --> 00:29:39,400 this one, where the thought is that perhaps the male wasn't 491 00:29:39,400 --> 00:29:43,160 just like nut tapped by another dire wolf, but was in the 492 00:29:43,160 --> 00:29:48,000 process of mating with a female and then sideswiped by a 493 00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:51,640 competitive. Rude. 494 00:29:51,920 --> 00:29:55,720 And the fact that this bacula is broken doesn't actually mean 495 00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:58,000 that that was a bad characteristic, because of 496 00:29:58,000 --> 00:30:03,160 course, you know, 8 pathological bacula out of 400 is a pretty 497 00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:06,640 low percentage overall of broken Dick bones, right? 498 00:30:06,920 --> 00:30:09,640 Yeah. So I can only imagine that if 499 00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:13,960 the direwolf's were capable of like complicated reasoning and 500 00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:16,400 we're like, if I slam him off right now that boys gonna break 501 00:30:16,400 --> 00:30:19,840 his Dick bone that probably they they may have gone more of a 502 00:30:19,840 --> 00:30:24,080 less less Dick bone kind of way. But right there are correlations 503 00:30:24,080 --> 00:30:28,600 within most canines with kind of that robusticity and the volume 504 00:30:28,600 --> 00:30:32,080 and the size also being related to of course, group size. 505 00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:35,080 So big old Dicks that are usually pretty simple and not 506 00:30:35,080 --> 00:30:40,280 very complex in shape in canids are related to bigger bigger 507 00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:42,400 pack sizes. Interesting. 508 00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:45,640 OK. Whereas with monogamous canines 509 00:30:45,640 --> 00:30:49,720 or canids that have a smaller like pack size and less 510 00:30:49,720 --> 00:30:52,760 competition, in theory they still have bacula for the most 511 00:30:52,760 --> 00:30:58,160 part, but they have bacula that are more complex in shape. 512 00:30:58,600 --> 00:31:00,960 So instead of just going for thick and strong. 513 00:31:00,960 --> 00:31:03,920 Ornamental. Yeah, they have more, you know, 514 00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:07,440 intriguingly complex shaped bacula, which is. 515 00:31:07,640 --> 00:31:10,480 I have pictures to show you later, yeah. 516 00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:16,880 Yeah. So bacula that are really thick 517 00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:20,280 seem to be maybe correlated with group size, which is interesting 518 00:31:20,280 --> 00:31:22,640 because it does tell us that, you know, I mean, even if we 519 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:24,600 didn't have hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of dire 520 00:31:24,600 --> 00:31:27,680 wolves kind of fossilized together, that might potentially 521 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:31,800 be a good indication that they had packs of some kind. 522 00:31:32,160 --> 00:31:34,200 You can look at the Dick bone to see the pack size. 523 00:31:34,200 --> 00:31:38,200 OK, no, that's really interesting because of not only 524 00:31:38,200 --> 00:31:41,920 do primatologists look at the Dick bone and its intricate 525 00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:45,880 nature, they also just straight up look at the Dicks and have 526 00:31:45,880 --> 00:31:50,280 also claimed that you can kind of infer mating system again 527 00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:57,200 from Dick decor if you will, and that again trying. 528 00:31:57,200 --> 00:31:59,560 To. Interpret humans. 529 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:03,160 Just Dick core. Dick Core, name of the episode. 530 00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:10,840 OK, so right, this like, I love this talk about behavior from 531 00:32:10,840 --> 00:32:12,440 bones, right? I mean, like that's what we're 532 00:32:12,440 --> 00:32:14,560 talking about really. And that's what we're trying to 533 00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:17,680 understand about humans or the lack of this bone, because 534 00:32:17,680 --> 00:32:21,120 people really fucking care about the ancestral mating condition 535 00:32:21,120 --> 00:32:25,680 of human beings, because there's a lot of judgement and bias and 536 00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:29,000 religious overlays that are really. 537 00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:34,200 Absorbed as a species. We are Well, come on, a 538 00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:37,720 Narcissus is us. So I mean, yeah, no, we had no 539 00:32:37,720 --> 00:32:40,200 hope. We care a lot about our our 540 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:44,080 genitals in in general. So some folks really want to 541 00:32:44,080 --> 00:32:47,600 argue that human beings are naturally monogamous. 542 00:32:48,040 --> 00:32:52,680 They really like this idea that there wasn't as much competition 543 00:32:52,680 --> 00:32:55,240 so your balls aren't as long. But then when we look at the 544 00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:59,080 sexual dimorsivism between males and females, that would indicate 545 00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:01,840 that they're probably isn't monogamy going on. 546 00:33:01,960 --> 00:33:05,720 And the fact of the matter of like modern day human societies 547 00:33:05,720 --> 00:33:09,320 do a whole bunch of different things from monogamy to serial 548 00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:14,800 monogamy for polygyny, which is considered 1 male multi females 549 00:33:14,840 --> 00:33:19,280 or polyandry, which is one female multi males like human 550 00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:22,200 beings do it all. It's hard again to be like we're 551 00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:26,000 observing humans in the wild and other college student is is 552 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:30,080 fucking the one you know, it's like it's just really, really be 553 00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:31,160 hard to do. That was. 554 00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:33,960 That was by David Attenborough at the dorms. 555 00:33:33,960 --> 00:33:35,280 I was. Going to say that was a 556 00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:39,360 disturbing David Attenborough. So one of the things that comes 557 00:33:39,360 --> 00:33:43,120 up is that the human penis is in fact extremely dull. 558 00:33:43,120 --> 00:33:46,800 It does not have lumps, ridges, flanges, kinks, or any other 559 00:33:46,800 --> 00:33:50,000 exciting type of feature that other primates have. 560 00:33:50,160 --> 00:33:54,520 In primates, this lack of penis complexity is usually found in 561 00:33:54,520 --> 00:33:58,240 monogamous species. So now let's go look at some 562 00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:03,720 monkey Dicks and to your first example of penile morphology in 563 00:34:03,720 --> 00:34:08,560 primate species that have a non gregarious AKA dispersed mating 564 00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:11,719 system. So we have things like a a 565 00:34:11,719 --> 00:34:16,280 galago. We have things like some other 566 00:34:16,280 --> 00:34:18,840 we've got nictecebus, cocaine. That's a slow loris. 567 00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:20,760 You know what these look like. Tell me. 568 00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:27,199 They look like anal chimneys. I it's. 569 00:34:27,440 --> 00:34:29,840 Really complex. Some of them look kind of scaly. 570 00:34:30,880 --> 00:34:34,360 It's like Willy Wonka went X-rated. 571 00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:39,040 I don't know. It's especially G with like just 572 00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:42,280 the little ball at the end, like hi, hi. 573 00:34:42,560 --> 00:34:45,679 Yeah, these are all I don't. Know I like I like F with the 574 00:34:45,679 --> 00:34:50,520 butterfly wings it's very. It looks like an armadillo 575 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:52,679 somehow. I don't know how, but it does. 576 00:34:52,920 --> 00:34:57,000 So these are what they're referring to is like more ornate 577 00:34:57,000 --> 00:34:59,920 penises. And these are a dispersed 578 00:34:59,920 --> 00:35:01,600 species. So like primates that live 579 00:35:01,600 --> 00:35:04,280 pretty solitary and just come together to mate. 580 00:35:04,560 --> 00:35:09,640 So take what you will from that H, the lower left is the only 581 00:35:09,640 --> 00:35:13,000 ape included. So this is the orang and this is 582 00:35:13,280 --> 00:35:15,600 Congo, you know. So this is dispersed. 583 00:35:15,600 --> 00:35:18,600 This is the bells and whistles you get on your disperse stick. 584 00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:22,840 They can scroll on down to the next set of observations on the 585 00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:28,080 genitalia of primates. So these are what we would call 586 00:35:28,120 --> 00:35:31,440 multi male, multi female mating system. 587 00:35:31,520 --> 00:35:34,680 So again, they even use my least favorite word, promiscuous. 588 00:35:35,080 --> 00:35:37,720 And again, I guess like their point is that they're supposed 589 00:35:37,720 --> 00:35:41,640 to be more like less boring. And I guess some of these might 590 00:35:41,640 --> 00:35:44,880 be a little less boring, but some just look pretty fucking 591 00:35:44,880 --> 00:35:47,800 boring to me. They just look like weird animal 592 00:35:47,800 --> 00:35:49,680 Dicks. OK. 593 00:35:49,680 --> 00:35:54,160 And then our final image is those of primate species that 594 00:35:54,160 --> 00:35:59,400 are within a monogamous pair forming or again that polygynous 595 00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:01,720 so that like 1 male, multi female. 596 00:36:01,720 --> 00:36:05,520 So these are the ones that aren't competing that are in, 597 00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:09,840 you know, like they're like H there again is, I'm pretty sure 598 00:36:09,840 --> 00:36:13,040 are gorilla. So you can see it's not very 599 00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:15,840 big. And now what's also interesting 600 00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:19,840 about this is they have quite defined heads of the Dicks here 601 00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:24,520 too, which other authors have pointed out that that in itself 602 00:36:24,520 --> 00:36:29,280 seems to be an adaptation for sperm removal from a female. 603 00:36:29,480 --> 00:36:33,720 So I'm just kind of confused if these are truly, you know, 604 00:36:33,720 --> 00:36:38,320 monogamous and again, like, how do we even testing this with I'm 605 00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:42,560 sure in this time we've actually with genetics realized that some 606 00:36:42,560 --> 00:36:47,200 of these are not even monogamous in in true practice. 607 00:36:47,320 --> 00:36:50,920 So really, I mean, it's just I think it's really like whatever 608 00:36:50,920 --> 00:36:53,200 you want to make of it with why humans don't. 609 00:36:53,320 --> 00:36:56,920 I think there's a variety of factors playing in with the fact 610 00:36:56,920 --> 00:37:01,240 that we became bipedal. So I read this really funny. 611 00:37:01,360 --> 00:37:05,080 Oh my God, where is it? I was laughing so hard. 612 00:37:05,360 --> 00:37:10,360 It is from a publication from the Mankind Quarterly and it is 613 00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:14,800 all about how when we became bipedal, right we we stood up on 614 00:37:14,800 --> 00:37:18,920 two legs that it changed the reproductive passage of females 615 00:37:19,120 --> 00:37:21,200 and it became longer essentially. 616 00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:24,200 And it says this may have posed a potential problem for the 617 00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:29,080 small penis rear mounting males. I just I just I just don't have 618 00:37:29,080 --> 00:37:32,960 the maturity to handle that. So essentially saying that Dicks 619 00:37:32,960 --> 00:37:38,680 had to get long to do it doggy style because front facing was 620 00:37:38,680 --> 00:37:41,040 like too complicated or something like that. 621 00:37:41,240 --> 00:37:45,960 And so that selection must have favored a longer Dick so that 622 00:37:45,960 --> 00:37:51,000 they could like accommodate the change of space and new 623 00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:53,600 biological constraints of being bipedal. 624 00:37:53,880 --> 00:37:57,440 And oh God, there was like an another point to oh, something 625 00:37:57,440 --> 00:38:01,160 about how like when as males stand up, they no longer have as 626 00:38:01,160 --> 00:38:05,120 much protection to hide and like, and and as many cats maybe 627 00:38:05,120 --> 00:38:08,000 even in the body to like tuck their junk because it was all 628 00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:12,240 used because we again stood up. And so that may have selected 629 00:38:12,240 --> 00:38:16,640 for against the bacula so shrinkage could happen and that 630 00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:19,800 you could just shrink it all up. But again, if we're talking 631 00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:24,080 about a bacula that's only 15mm long, I think you could still 632 00:38:24,080 --> 00:38:30,440 shrink 15mm long. So the the jury is fucking out. 633 00:38:30,520 --> 00:38:35,160 There isn't a consensus. And there is a research project 634 00:38:35,160 --> 00:38:37,640 that we wrote about for the blog ages ago, and I'm going to end 635 00:38:37,640 --> 00:38:40,760 on this note. Is this idea that sperm 636 00:38:40,760 --> 00:38:44,080 competition in males, they literally wrote this paper. 637 00:38:44,080 --> 00:38:49,120 It is this horrifying paper all about the human penis as a semen 638 00:38:49,120 --> 00:38:52,320 displacement device. And they literally just took a 639 00:38:52,320 --> 00:38:56,720 bunch of sex toys, including a false vagina, and had the male 640 00:38:56,720 --> 00:39:01,160 authors decide the consistency of like a cornstarch and water 641 00:39:01,160 --> 00:39:03,200 semen. And then they, like, tried to 642 00:39:03,200 --> 00:39:06,400 measure how much semen was displaced from the sex toy. 643 00:39:06,720 --> 00:39:10,440 And they made a point that when they interviewed college 644 00:39:10,440 --> 00:39:15,000 students that the men would say that after they'd been away from 645 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:18,400 their girlfriends for a longer amount of time or suspected that 646 00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:22,600 she had been and unfaithful, they would drill her extra hard 647 00:39:22,600 --> 00:39:28,120 and long at like, evolutionarily to remove that spunk. 648 00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:31,680 So that's what a fucking scientific paper literally 649 00:39:31,680 --> 00:39:34,960 interviewed college kids. I'm just horrified and 650 00:39:34,960 --> 00:39:37,160 impressed. So please tell me about 651 00:39:37,160 --> 00:39:40,320 something besides Dicks, because I've been looking at weird Dicks 652 00:39:40,320 --> 00:39:44,520 all day. Yeah, I mean, a lot of those, 653 00:39:44,520 --> 00:39:48,080 like evolutionary psychology papers are just absolutely 654 00:39:48,080 --> 00:39:50,800 batshit. And I wonder if humans still had 655 00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:54,200 a bacula, if maybe we would be a little bit more mentally stable 656 00:39:54,200 --> 00:39:57,080 in the field of evolutionary psychology because at least that 657 00:39:57,080 --> 00:39:58,880 we'd have a fossil record of Dick bones. 658 00:39:59,320 --> 00:40:03,920 But would you like to know, how do you turn a baculum off and 659 00:40:03,920 --> 00:40:05,400 on? Not sexually. 660 00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:11,200 Like I don't already. Again, somehow applying your. 661 00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:15,840 Partner, I don't I don't I this is so weird this. 662 00:40:16,200 --> 00:40:18,800 Is a weird OK, OK. Please tell me OK please. 663 00:40:19,160 --> 00:40:23,360 So like, evolutionary psychology is a pretty, pretty weird field, 664 00:40:23,360 --> 00:40:27,680 but I've got to say that what they were doing in the 70s to 665 00:40:27,680 --> 00:40:32,720 animals, way fucking weirder. Just off the rails bullshit. 666 00:40:33,040 --> 00:40:36,200 So of course we're going to talk about the Bob bellum again 667 00:40:36,480 --> 00:40:41,440 because it's it's great. And there is a paper that I read 668 00:40:41,640 --> 00:40:47,760 where they wanted to see if they could make female mice and rats 669 00:40:48,040 --> 00:40:51,600 have a longer Bob Bella that was more like basically a bacula. 670 00:40:51,840 --> 00:40:54,360 And then there's some other papers that wanted to see if 671 00:40:54,360 --> 00:40:58,920 they could do the opposite and reduce a male baculum to the 672 00:40:58,920 --> 00:41:01,840 size of a Bob bellum. And in this particular paper, 673 00:41:01,960 --> 00:41:04,920 they took rats because rats don't have bibellum. 674 00:41:04,920 --> 00:41:06,720 They have a bacula, but they don't have a bibellum. 675 00:41:07,040 --> 00:41:10,640 A baculum don't have a bibellum. My singular versus multiple is 676 00:41:10,640 --> 00:41:14,520 getting confused again. But mice, mice have both a 677 00:41:14,600 --> 00:41:18,360 baculum and a bibellum. So they took the two and they 678 00:41:18,360 --> 00:41:20,880 gave them. What do you think that you could 679 00:41:20,880 --> 00:41:25,240 give an animal to make its Dick bone grow bigger or its clip 680 00:41:25,240 --> 00:41:28,240 bone? Give it some testosterone. 681 00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:29,520 Correct. Yep. 682 00:41:29,560 --> 00:41:34,480 So androgens are what they were giving these mice and rats, and 683 00:41:34,480 --> 00:41:39,160 they found that if you give them androgens, both of them will get 684 00:41:39,160 --> 00:41:43,080 a longer bobellum. Even though female rats don't 685 00:41:43,080 --> 00:41:47,480 have a bobellum, you can make it reappear through early and 686 00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:50,240 judicious application of androgens. 687 00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:53,720 And it looks like depending on the time when you administer 688 00:41:53,720 --> 00:41:56,800 those androgens, that will obviously both affect the length 689 00:41:56,800 --> 00:41:58,160 because it affects how big it can get. 690 00:41:58,600 --> 00:42:03,600 But it turns out that the baculum in mice and rats is 2 691 00:42:03,600 --> 00:42:06,280 pieces. It's a Bony piece that's 692 00:42:06,280 --> 00:42:09,680 proximal to the body, so close to the body, and then it's a 693 00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:13,520 cartilage piece that turns into bone, so it ossifies. 694 00:42:13,760 --> 00:42:16,600 That's like the end. And then the two pieces fuse, so 695 00:42:16,600 --> 00:42:21,000 they have a two-part baculum. And if you give a female rat 696 00:42:21,200 --> 00:42:26,880 androgens later on in life, she will develop the distal part. 697 00:42:27,200 --> 00:42:30,120 She'll get the cartilage part that turns to bone, but she 698 00:42:30,120 --> 00:42:34,040 won't develop the proximal part. So they kind of also appear at 699 00:42:34,040 --> 00:42:38,720 different phases of life. And of course, if you castrate a 700 00:42:38,720 --> 00:42:42,400 male rat, it gets more of a Bob bellum and less of a baculum. 701 00:42:42,720 --> 00:42:45,280 So all of these things often have to do with testosterone, 702 00:42:46,040 --> 00:42:49,760 which is why while you were looking up weird Dicks, I spent 703 00:42:50,280 --> 00:42:53,080 a lot of time looking at dog vaginas. 704 00:42:53,840 --> 00:42:58,800 So let's talk about dog vaginas. So there's quite a few. 705 00:42:59,800 --> 00:43:01,880 Yeah. What a wonderful thing to cheer. 706 00:43:02,640 --> 00:43:08,280 So there's a lot of cases, veterinary cases, dealing with 707 00:43:08,600 --> 00:43:11,680 basically the development of a botbellum in female dogs. 708 00:43:11,680 --> 00:43:15,520 So female dogs typically do not naturally have a botbellum. 709 00:43:15,520 --> 00:43:19,960 It's usually not present, but it is present in some. 710 00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:24,320 And in some, it can get so big that it can stick outside of 711 00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:27,200 like the the vulva lips, which, yeah. 712 00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:30,880 So it gets pretty prominent. But they they did describe, 713 00:43:30,880 --> 00:43:34,200 like, the reason that it gets removed is, you know, I imagine 714 00:43:34,200 --> 00:43:35,840 that that's probably going to dry it out. 715 00:43:35,840 --> 00:43:38,680 But they did describe it as chronic irritation and lots of 716 00:43:38,680 --> 00:43:41,280 licking. I was like, well, Are you sure 717 00:43:41,280 --> 00:43:44,880 that they're irritated or they just have a hypertrophic 718 00:43:44,880 --> 00:43:47,280 clitoris, Right. They're enjoying it. 719 00:43:47,280 --> 00:43:51,160 Can't ask the dog. Yeah, this can be caused like. 720 00:43:51,160 --> 00:43:54,760 So we haven't talked really on this podcast yet about the fact 721 00:43:54,760 --> 00:43:59,440 that intersex people exist, but in dogs, there's a quite a few 722 00:43:59,440 --> 00:44:03,280 examples of a bobellum forming basically in cases where you 723 00:44:03,280 --> 00:44:07,440 have like an intersex dog and it can also form if you give the 724 00:44:07,440 --> 00:44:11,920 dog androgens. Which leads me to a weird side. 725 00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:15,680 Segway, did you know that greyhounds be juicing? 726 00:44:16,640 --> 00:44:19,320 That greyhounds are getting testosterone? 727 00:44:19,400 --> 00:44:24,240 Shots I'm I'm like not surprised considering we've been doing 728 00:44:24,240 --> 00:44:26,920 weird things to dogs since the dawn of time. 729 00:44:27,040 --> 00:44:31,560 So yeah, yeah, if I was going to guess, I'm sure like the dog 730 00:44:31,560 --> 00:44:34,680 fighting ring is giving their dogs testosterone too. 731 00:44:35,560 --> 00:44:39,000 Yeah, there's, there's lots of greyhounds that I guess get 732 00:44:39,280 --> 00:44:42,960 androgen that helps them build muscle mass and it removes or 733 00:44:42,960 --> 00:44:46,560 stops their estrous cycle, which is like it's not monthly 734 00:44:46,560 --> 00:44:49,280 bleeding, but it's their, it's their biological cycle which 735 00:44:49,280 --> 00:44:52,800 makes them run faster. But sometimes it also gives them 736 00:44:52,880 --> 00:44:58,280 clitoral hypertrophy, where they have an extremely large that can 737 00:44:58,280 --> 00:45:01,720 cause pain and problems and then has to be surgically removed. 738 00:45:01,920 --> 00:45:04,560 And sometimes they just remove the whole clitoris, which I 739 00:45:04,560 --> 00:45:07,080 thought was kind of weird. And then I remembered that 740 00:45:07,080 --> 00:45:09,720 they're also spaying that dog. So like, I guess I don't really 741 00:45:09,720 --> 00:45:13,240 know too much about the sex lives of dogs, but so yeah, Dog, 742 00:45:13,560 --> 00:45:18,560 dog vaginas, yeah. OK, question all of my stuff, 743 00:45:18,600 --> 00:45:19,920 right? Because we're obsessed with 744 00:45:19,920 --> 00:45:22,600 humans and we're really obsessed with human Dicks. 745 00:45:23,280 --> 00:45:25,640 It's all like function. What is it for? 746 00:45:25,640 --> 00:45:27,520 What was it for? What do we know? 747 00:45:27,520 --> 00:45:30,880 So like what with Bob Bell, I'm like, what is this driving, you 748 00:45:30,880 --> 00:45:33,880 know, with all this? It's like physical from getting 749 00:45:34,000 --> 00:45:38,680 the D in the V So why? Why the equivalent? 750 00:45:38,840 --> 00:45:42,440 Is it just because it's not really sex linked and both are 751 00:45:42,440 --> 00:45:46,400 going to develop that just because or are there actual like 752 00:45:46,400 --> 00:45:48,640 functional adaptive parts to this? 753 00:45:48,640 --> 00:45:51,040 So. I'm sure this will shock you but 754 00:45:51,320 --> 00:45:58,640 that is understudied and as far as we know it is non functional 755 00:45:58,640 --> 00:46:01,200 in most animals, possibly all animals. 756 00:46:01,200 --> 00:46:04,400 So it doesn't seem to have a real purpose. 757 00:46:04,440 --> 00:46:09,480 And there's some studies that have shown that the bobellum is 758 00:46:09,480 --> 00:46:13,640 more variable than the baculum. So like you could have weird 759 00:46:13,720 --> 00:46:17,280 different changing bobellum sizes in an animal that has a 760 00:46:17,280 --> 00:46:21,960 pretty stable baculum size. And they, they suggest that this 761 00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:26,640 might be related to a relaxing of evolutionary pressure on the 762 00:46:26,640 --> 00:46:29,680 size of the Bob ellum. That as long as it's not big 763 00:46:29,680 --> 00:46:32,720 enough to make your clitoris stick out of your vulva and get, 764 00:46:32,760 --> 00:46:36,080 you know, dry, that it doesn't really matter what the size or 765 00:46:36,080 --> 00:46:39,080 the shape of it is. That doesn't mean that there is 766 00:46:39,080 --> 00:46:42,800 no reason for Bob Ellum. We don't have like papers that 767 00:46:42,800 --> 00:46:44,920 have described a potential reason at this point. 768 00:46:45,240 --> 00:46:49,400 But of course, like many pieces of female anatomy, that may just 769 00:46:49,400 --> 00:46:52,120 be the result of being understudied. 770 00:46:52,400 --> 00:46:56,680 But they do seem to be something you can get rid of without 771 00:46:56,800 --> 00:47:00,920 androgens and increase or develop with androgens. 772 00:47:00,920 --> 00:47:03,600 So there, there are definitely hormonal links. 773 00:47:03,960 --> 00:47:07,240 So it's possible that a lot of these animals that do have 774 00:47:07,240 --> 00:47:11,640 bacula, they probably also have a babella at some stage in their 775 00:47:11,640 --> 00:47:13,720 development. It just might not actually 776 00:47:13,720 --> 00:47:18,640 ossify or it might not stick around, or it might be so small 777 00:47:18,800 --> 00:47:22,640 that you can't find it because some of these animals are 778 00:47:22,640 --> 00:47:25,200 really, really small. And I was going to save this for 779 00:47:25,200 --> 00:47:28,200 the last point, but I think I'm going to just say it right now. 780 00:47:28,200 --> 00:47:32,040 As I was going through and reading, looking for papers 781 00:47:32,040 --> 00:47:37,360 desperately, the Bob Ellum, I just kept coming up with 782 00:47:37,520 --> 00:47:41,320 chipmunk papers. Like I don't looking for a 783 00:47:41,320 --> 00:47:44,720 fossil baculum fossil Bob Ellum. Why do I keep seeing chipmunks? 784 00:47:45,320 --> 00:47:50,520 So chipmunks the number one way to identify them two species. 785 00:47:50,520 --> 00:47:54,440 The most reliable way to identify a chipmunk to species 786 00:47:54,800 --> 00:47:57,160 is the baculum or the Bob ellum. Wow. 787 00:47:57,680 --> 00:47:59,560 The genital bones. There we go. 788 00:47:59,560 --> 00:48:01,320 Yeah, that's cool. I I love that. 789 00:48:01,520 --> 00:48:04,960 I forgot to mention in my little intro because I get so 790 00:48:04,960 --> 00:48:09,160 distracted by primates that in other groups like mostelids and 791 00:48:09,160 --> 00:48:12,840 other carnivorans, so things like Badgers and raccoons that 792 00:48:12,840 --> 00:48:16,640 you can actually get a relative age on an individual based on 793 00:48:16,640 --> 00:48:20,280 their baculum and because of yeah, like if the tip has 794 00:48:20,280 --> 00:48:22,800 ossified or not. So maybe they also have like 795 00:48:22,800 --> 00:48:24,920 this two-part, that kind of system. 796 00:48:25,080 --> 00:48:28,920 So yeah, they have other uses besides us being obsessed with 797 00:48:29,000 --> 00:48:33,800 ourselves ourselves. Yeah, and chipmunks, I guess 798 00:48:33,960 --> 00:48:36,120 they just kind of all evolutionarily converge on the 799 00:48:36,120 --> 00:48:40,280 same like coat color, same size, but not the same Dick bones. 800 00:48:40,480 --> 00:48:42,840 So or clip bones, different genital bones like. 801 00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:45,560 We are unique, you just don't know where. 802 00:48:46,720 --> 00:48:48,680 Yeah, yeah, yeah. Chipmunks. 803 00:48:48,680 --> 00:48:52,120 Chipmunks credit where credit. Well, on the other end of that 804 00:48:52,120 --> 00:48:56,880 spectrum, in terms of size, we already have mentioned the the 805 00:48:56,880 --> 00:49:02,480 walrus Usyk is also known as the usyk, which is a term from 806 00:49:02,480 --> 00:49:06,360 indigenous peoples of Alaska. And it refers to not only the 807 00:49:06,360 --> 00:49:08,280 walrus, but pretty much like a lot of pinnipeds. 808 00:49:08,280 --> 00:49:11,520 So things like seals, sea lions, and even polar bears, they'll 809 00:49:11,520 --> 00:49:14,160 refer to it. They know it to be this genital 810 00:49:14,160 --> 00:49:17,360 bone. And again, it can be like around 811 00:49:17,360 --> 00:49:19,320 2 feet long. Again, there's some really big 812 00:49:19,320 --> 00:49:22,400 exceptions to that. So historically, they were not 813 00:49:22,400 --> 00:49:26,080 necessarily really sought after for carving, but in the 20th 814 00:49:26,080 --> 00:49:28,440 century, as white people were like, hey, we want your 815 00:49:28,440 --> 00:49:30,840 indigenous art. They were like, we'll carve this 816 00:49:30,840 --> 00:49:32,960 Dick bone for you. I found this one article that 817 00:49:32,960 --> 00:49:35,240 was like, they were like, we don't, well, we don't really 818 00:49:35,240 --> 00:49:38,120 care about this weird bone, but if you want to pay us for it, 819 00:49:38,120 --> 00:49:39,680 yeah. Like, you know, and I'm like, I 820 00:49:39,680 --> 00:49:43,320 would take that weird bone. So some fun Usyk, you know, So 821 00:49:43,320 --> 00:49:45,800 this is kind of this paleo heritage that we're getting at 822 00:49:45,800 --> 00:49:49,320 here, too, where it's like how fossils and how modern life 823 00:49:49,320 --> 00:49:51,680 impact our culture as people as well. 824 00:49:51,840 --> 00:49:55,600 So there's a famous congressman from Alaska, Don Young. 825 00:49:55,640 --> 00:49:58,520 He was in office for like 65 years do something a 826 00:49:58,560 --> 00:50:02,360 controversial human. And at one point I guess he it 827 00:50:02,360 --> 00:50:05,880 like was reported by the Washington Post that he was 828 00:50:05,880 --> 00:50:08,920 arguing with the Fish and Wildlife Service director and he 829 00:50:08,920 --> 00:50:13,040 brandished an 18 inch long walrus penis bone and pounded it 830 00:50:13,040 --> 00:50:18,800 into his first for emphasis. So making appearance in politics 831 00:50:19,040 --> 00:50:22,640 and how I learned about the Usyk was when I lived in Alaska and I 832 00:50:22,640 --> 00:50:26,680 went to Midnight Sun Brewing Company which sells and brews a 833 00:50:26,680 --> 00:50:30,880 beer called the Usyk Amber and they literally have a tap handle 834 00:50:30,880 --> 00:50:34,480 that is an Usyk. So they are grabbing that walrus 835 00:50:34,480 --> 00:50:37,800 Dick bone every time they pour you a beer and they sell shirts 836 00:50:37,960 --> 00:50:41,320 and you can buy. I saw on their website you can 837 00:50:41,320 --> 00:50:45,640 buy one of those tap handles of an Usyk and I messaged them and 838 00:50:45,640 --> 00:50:51,960 I said is this real bone and they have not responded let me 839 00:50:51,960 --> 00:50:54,320 know. Yeah, if I'm going to get a beer 840 00:50:54,320 --> 00:50:58,280 tap, that's a baculum, I want it to be real bone. 841 00:50:58,880 --> 00:51:03,440 No bone clones for the I. Think considering it's $70.00 842 00:51:03,440 --> 00:51:07,960 it's probably a replica. Well, would you like to hear 843 00:51:07,960 --> 00:51:10,920 about walrus Bob Bella? Fuck. 844 00:51:10,920 --> 00:51:12,080 Yeah. All right. 845 00:51:12,120 --> 00:51:14,720 Yeah. So the walrus can get up to, 846 00:51:14,720 --> 00:51:18,920 what did you say, 4 1/2 feet long for the baculum? 847 00:51:19,440 --> 00:51:20,280 The longest. Yeah. 848 00:51:20,280 --> 00:51:23,920 So how big do you think that the Bob Bellum is in a walrus? 849 00:51:24,320 --> 00:51:26,000 I'm gonna go with like a foot long. 850 00:51:26,000 --> 00:51:28,760 I'm gonna go with a foot long clip. 851 00:51:28,760 --> 00:51:30,200 It's 3 centimeters. Yeah. 852 00:51:31,920 --> 00:51:36,840 So really, really reduced. So go ahead and Scroll down to 853 00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:41,000 the next image on that sheet. But what's interesting is that 854 00:51:41,000 --> 00:51:44,880 this this size discrepancy is present in a lot of animals. 855 00:51:44,880 --> 00:51:49,320 So a lot of animals have a much smaller bobellum than they do a 856 00:51:49,320 --> 00:51:54,080 baculum, but not all animals. So the squirrel bobellum and 857 00:51:54,080 --> 00:51:57,680 baculum are actually very similar in size and shape. 858 00:51:58,120 --> 00:52:02,600 So that to me suggests there really should be more research 859 00:52:02,600 --> 00:52:06,520 into the Bob ellum because if you have very similar things 860 00:52:06,520 --> 00:52:10,280 between male and female, I'm curious as to the function of 861 00:52:10,280 --> 00:52:12,440 the Bob ellum. But in walruses I don't think it 862 00:52:12,440 --> 00:52:14,280 has much of A function. I think it's pretty much 863 00:52:14,720 --> 00:52:18,120 vestigial in a sense. Vestigial. 864 00:52:18,120 --> 00:52:21,560 Yeah, we we got there. Oh yeah, no, these all look so 865 00:52:21,680 --> 00:52:26,960 weird. Just such such weird looking 866 00:52:27,440 --> 00:52:31,240 looking pounds and, and yeah, like, especially if we're seeing 867 00:52:31,240 --> 00:52:35,160 similar sizes, similar morphologies, similar like that 868 00:52:35,160 --> 00:52:37,040 one's got like the squirrel's got, you know, like 869 00:52:37,040 --> 00:52:39,320 ornamentation and shit. You would think that there's 870 00:52:39,600 --> 00:52:42,720 some pressure there, some sort of a selective pressure. 871 00:52:43,200 --> 00:52:47,840 Well, fact, I'm dicked out and I mean that in terms of this 872 00:52:47,840 --> 00:52:51,080 podcast. I'm also like, there's like no 873 00:52:51,080 --> 00:52:54,040 way to talk about it without sounding really weird. 874 00:52:54,320 --> 00:53:00,000 I can't even say I'm finished. Thank you for listening. 875 00:53:00,000 --> 00:53:03,120 If you like the podcast, be sure to rate and review us on your 876 00:53:03,120 --> 00:53:05,920 listening platform of choice. We really appreciate it. 877 00:53:06,320 --> 00:53:08,560 If you'd like to hear more and support the show, follow us on 878 00:53:08,600 --> 00:53:11,800 Patreon for some exclusive fits or on our various social media 879 00:53:11,800 --> 00:53:14,280 platforms. You can follow Amy on Instagram 880 00:53:14,280 --> 00:53:16,960 at Mary Annings or Ben. And Megan on Instagram and 881 00:53:16,960 --> 00:53:19,440 Tiktok at Geopedal Fabric or both. 882 00:53:19,520 --> 00:53:22,760 Most of us at Weird and Dead on Instagram and TikTok. 883 00:53:22,960 --> 00:53:25,920 This podcast is part of the Geology Podcasting Network 884 00:53:26,120 --> 00:53:28,280 produced. By the travelling geologist. 885 00:53:28,440 --> 00:53:31,800 Chris Spencer Cover art provided by Chris Spencer and the hosts. 886 00:53:32,080 --> 00:53:34,560 Our theme song is Unlocked Me by Prasconnell. 887 00:53:34,640 --> 00:53:36,440 Editing services provided by The Amazing. 888 00:53:36,680 --> 00:53:40,200 Green Rally hosted by and researched by us Amy Atwater and 889 00:53:40,200 --> 00:53:41,840 Megan Weatherall. Thanks for listening. 890 00:53:43,320 --> 00:53:46,600 And correspondingly in their clitorises. 891 00:53:46,600 --> 00:53:50,480 Clitoris I clitoris. Maybe just say Klitz. 892 00:53:50,560 --> 00:53:50,960 No.