1 00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:05,600 Today we start The Odyssey, and The Odyssey is a sequel to The 2 00:00:05,600 --> 00:00:10,560 Iliad, and it's a family story. It's a story about a homecoming. 3 00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:12,520 There are three main characters, right? 4 00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:22,240 There's Odysseus, sorry, Odysseus, who is the main 5 00:00:22,240 --> 00:00:25,240 character, and this is what it's called, The Odyssey. 6 00:00:27,360 --> 00:00:33,320 Then there is Tanalpi, who is his wife, and there's Tilakis, 7 00:00:34,040 --> 00:00:43,840 who is their son. And as we discussed when we read 8 00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:48,760 The Iliad, Homer is first and foremost concerned about the 9 00:00:48,760 --> 00:00:52,440 human condition. What does it mean to be human? 10 00:00:53,640 --> 00:00:59,440 What does it mean to live in a world of war, of trauma, of 11 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:03,720 tragedy? And how can we overcome there's 12 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:10,160 adversity? So the Odyssey, it's about 3 13 00:01:10,480 --> 00:01:14,520 individuals and a family and they are all traumatized and 14 00:01:14,520 --> 00:01:20,680 they're all heartbroken. OK, so Odysseus is we're trying 15 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:28,040 to return home from the war and his problem is that he has PTSD, 16 00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:32,440 which is post traumatic stress order. 17 00:01:32,640 --> 00:01:35,920 And this is very common for soldiers who returned from war. 18 00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:40,080 They've seen so much violence, they've seen so much tragedy, 19 00:01:40,280 --> 00:01:43,520 they've seen so much senseless death that their souls are 20 00:01:43,520 --> 00:01:46,200 shattered. And that is this is problem. 21 00:01:46,920 --> 00:01:49,680 Then you're at Penelope, who's suffering from depression. 22 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:54,400 And why is she depressed? Because her husband has been 23 00:01:54,400 --> 00:02:00,880 away for 20 years, and she doesn't know if he's alive or 24 00:02:00,880 --> 00:02:04,200 he's dead. He's probably dead, right? 25 00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:06,840 It's been 20 years. There's been no sign of him for 26 00:02:06,840 --> 00:02:11,280 the past 20 years. But she cannot bring herself to 27 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:16,920 admitting that he's dead. So she's put herself in a very 28 00:02:17,440 --> 00:02:21,600 precarious situation. There's dozens of suitors who 29 00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:27,440 want her hand in marriage, and she she wants to say no, but 30 00:02:27,440 --> 00:02:33,120 she's afraid that if she does that, then she'll be alone for 31 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:35,480 the rest of her life. But she doesn't want to say yes 32 00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:41,600 because she refuses to admit that her husband, the love of 33 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:46,760 her life, Odysseus, is dead. In her heart, she feels that 34 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:51,120 he's still alive. But in her head, she cannot 35 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:52,800 justify it. She cannot explain it. 36 00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:54,800 It's just a feeling in her. OK. 37 00:02:55,120 --> 00:02:57,960 And so her response, and this what we call cognitive 38 00:02:57,960 --> 00:03:04,520 dissonance, her response is just to shut down. 39 00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:06,680 OK? She just spends all her time 40 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:10,360 alone in a room. At first she's weaving stuff, 41 00:03:10,360 --> 00:03:13,440 but then she just sits in our room, right? 42 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:17,000 And then there's Tamakis. Tamakis. 43 00:03:17,160 --> 00:03:23,240 His problem is that his he doesn't know if his father is 44 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:27,240 dead or alive, but the man is a legend. 45 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:31,880 This is a man who won the Trojan War by coming up with a Shard, 46 00:03:31,880 --> 00:03:35,880 him with a Trojan horse, OK? So he is a legend in this world 47 00:03:35,880 --> 00:03:40,040 and everyone sings his praises and he's his son. 48 00:03:40,080 --> 00:03:42,440 So he's living in his shadow, OK? 49 00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:48,800 And he wants to prove he's better than his father. 50 00:03:49,480 --> 00:03:54,920 He wants to become a hero himself, but he's being burdened 51 00:03:54,920 --> 00:04:00,000 by the legacy of his father. The other issue is that unless 52 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:04,000 his father is dead, he cannot inherit his father's legacy, 53 00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:07,840 right? His plot, the property, the 54 00:04:07,840 --> 00:04:11,080 reputation cannot be transferred to him. 55 00:04:11,520 --> 00:04:14,400 Then there's his mother, who's just sitting around the house 56 00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:18,279 every single day. If she were to get married, she 57 00:04:18,279 --> 00:04:21,480 would leave, and then he could be master of his own house, 58 00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:24,240 right? But she's still around, so he's 59 00:04:24,240 --> 00:04:27,040 kind of stuck. At the same time, the suitors 60 00:04:27,040 --> 00:04:30,120 are waiting for Panopti's answer, which is never going to 61 00:04:30,120 --> 00:04:32,080 come. So they're just in the house and 62 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:36,080 they're eating up all his wealth. 63 00:04:36,840 --> 00:04:40,640 So he is just seeing his life wither away, and there's nothing 64 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:46,800 he can do about it. All right, so he is just 65 00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:49,720 depressed as well, and he's angry. 66 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:53,120 But you know, all these things are the same thing. 67 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:55,840 It's really one of chronic dissonance. 68 00:04:55,840 --> 00:04:59,360 It's really one of depression. It's really one of trauma. 69 00:04:59,360 --> 00:05:04,640 All right, so there's another way we can analyze what's going 70 00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:08,120 on. And the thing about the soul and 71 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:13,400 the soul is something that the ancients were really concerned 72 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:17,200 about because it was really the most fundamental issue of what 73 00:05:17,200 --> 00:05:19,320 it means to be a human being. It's something that we don't 74 00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:22,520 talk about today, something that we don't think about today 75 00:05:22,760 --> 00:05:25,560 because we live in a world of material science. 76 00:05:25,680 --> 00:05:27,400 We can't see it. It doesn't exist. 77 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:32,920 But for most of humanity, sorry, for most of human history, 78 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:37,520 humanity has understood the soul as very present, and it's very 79 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:41,000 real, the most significant thing in our lives. 80 00:05:41,120 --> 00:05:45,560 OK, so the soul that they understood, let's talk about 81 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:47,800 their understanding of the soul. And this is true for a lot, 82 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:52,080 actually a lot of cultures. First of the soul is a very 83 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,520 complex thing, OK? It is almost infinite 84 00:05:55,520 --> 00:06:00,920 dimensions, the different layers to the soul. 85 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:06,880 And there's really a part of the soul that is you, OK? 86 00:06:07,840 --> 00:06:13,360 That's just you, the person, but who you are as a person is 87 00:06:13,360 --> 00:06:17,960 ultimately influenced by other influences as well, by other 88 00:06:17,960 --> 00:06:23,080 factors as well, OK? So these influences include your 89 00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:32,240 family, OK, your culture, the history, and maybe the gods, OK. 90 00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:36,560 So again, there are infinite dimensions, and these dimensions 91 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:41,760 have an impact on you. And maybe when you die, maybe 92 00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:44,560 there's a part of you that lives on, OK, But there's also parts 93 00:06:44,560 --> 00:06:50,320 of you that flows back into these different streams of the 94 00:06:50,320 --> 00:06:53,960 universe, OK? So it's a very complex thing. 95 00:06:54,960 --> 00:07:00,600 Now the soul, another name for the soul that we use today, if 96 00:07:00,600 --> 00:07:04,000 you go to psychology class, their name for the soul is the 97 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:10,600 worldview. OK, so we have a much more 98 00:07:10,600 --> 00:07:15,840 simplistic understanding of our psychology than the ancients. 99 00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:19,240 The idea of the world view is just our understanding of who we 100 00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:24,640 are, where we came from, and our place in the universe, OK? 101 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:29,320 It comes and we believe it comes from our memories and our 102 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:36,640 experiences. OK, And the world view is 103 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:41,560 important because it allows us on ourselves. 104 00:07:41,680 --> 00:07:46,320 This is important for things such as planning, right? 105 00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:51,160 Only if you know who you are can you actually plan ahead, because 106 00:07:51,160 --> 00:07:53,680 then you know what you want to do, what you want to accomplish, 107 00:07:53,840 --> 00:08:00,240 OK. It allows for empathy, building 108 00:08:00,240 --> 00:08:04,680 relationships with others, OK. And it allows for judgement, 109 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:09,600 basically, what's good, what's bad? 110 00:08:09,640 --> 00:08:10,760 What do you like? What don't you like? 111 00:08:10,760 --> 00:08:15,720 OK, so the worldview and the soul are fundamental to who we 112 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:19,760 are. Now in psychology, what they 113 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:28,400 will teach you is that trauma splinters the worldview, OK? 114 00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:33,000 There's something about your experience that is fundamental 115 00:08:33,080 --> 00:08:40,200 to your identity, but because it is so painful, you forget about 116 00:08:40,200 --> 00:08:45,280 it or you refuse to see it. And this causes a rupture in 117 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:49,600 your identity, in your coherent sense of the world, which 118 00:08:49,600 --> 00:08:53,160 destroys your worldview, OK? And this leads to depression. 119 00:08:53,480 --> 00:08:59,760 What is depression? Depression is the inability to 120 00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:04,280 act and to think, OK, you don't know what you want to 121 00:09:04,280 --> 00:09:07,200 accomplish. You don't trust yourself. 122 00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:10,240 You don't know what you'd like. And So what are the symptoms of 123 00:09:10,240 --> 00:09:13,680 depression? You sleep a lot or you find no 124 00:09:13,680 --> 00:09:18,320 pleasure in anything. You feel no emotion. 125 00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:21,680 You feel sort of numbness, OK. And that's why people, they tend 126 00:09:21,680 --> 00:09:25,840 to take drugs or they just sleep all the time or whatever. 127 00:09:25,840 --> 00:09:26,920 OK. All right. 128 00:09:26,920 --> 00:09:28,800 Because you're unable to act. And that's exactly what's 129 00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:32,960 happening to Odysseus, Penelope and Tamakis. 130 00:09:32,960 --> 00:09:36,720 All right, There's a trauma in their lives, OK? 131 00:09:36,720 --> 00:09:38,720 And they just believe this as well, OK. 132 00:09:38,800 --> 00:09:43,720 There could be a trauma that splits the soul, OK? 133 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:48,320 And it could be a demon. It could be a really painful 134 00:09:48,640 --> 00:09:50,160 incident. It could be anything, OK? 135 00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:54,840 But it splits your soul. And if you are to recover, then 136 00:09:54,840 --> 00:09:58,280 you have to repair your soul. And that's a fundamental 137 00:09:58,480 --> 00:10:02,600 conflict into the dilemma. Within the Odyssey, you have 3 138 00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:07,400 individuals, Odysseus, Penelope, Tamakis, their soul has been 139 00:10:07,400 --> 00:10:09,560 splintered. And so they're on a journey, 140 00:10:10,360 --> 00:10:14,360 their own Odyssey to repair their soul. 141 00:10:15,240 --> 00:10:20,040 And the answer, of course, is each other, OK, Their love for 142 00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:21,880 each other. That's what's what's going to 143 00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:25,120 save the world, OK, The love of family. 144 00:10:27,040 --> 00:10:32,160 And that is the fundamental message of the Odyssey, all 145 00:10:32,160 --> 00:10:34,240 right. And that's why it's such a 146 00:10:34,240 --> 00:10:38,560 powerful read. OK, so let me give you some 147 00:10:38,560 --> 00:10:45,040 background as to the plot. So as you know, the Odyssey 148 00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:48,800 begins in immediate in median rest OK, in the middle of 149 00:10:48,800 --> 00:10:51,360 things, which is to say that a lot of things that were taking 150 00:10:51,360 --> 00:10:56,400 place and happens just in the middle of the plot, OK. 151 00:10:56,400 --> 00:10:59,600 And then in the in the in the beginning, Odysseus has been 152 00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:03,400 away for 20 years and he's stuck on an island with Calypso. 153 00:11:04,040 --> 00:11:07,600 Penelope is depressed and seeing herself in the room. 154 00:11:07,760 --> 00:11:09,000 Tamakis is angry. OK. 155 00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:12,320 And Athena comes and tells Tamakis, come with me. 156 00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:13,920 I will help you find your father. 157 00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:22,480 OK, so the story starts with the Trojan War, of course. 158 00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:26,800 OK, So remember the Troy, this the Helen has been taking to 159 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:28,840 Troy. She falls in love with Paris 160 00:11:29,440 --> 00:11:33,160 because that's what Aphrodite promised Paris as a prize. 161 00:11:35,040 --> 00:11:40,200 And now her husband, the king of Sparta, Menelaus, and her and 162 00:11:40,840 --> 00:11:44,000 his brother Eggman on the king of Kings are like, we're going 163 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:46,480 to raise an army and we're going to get back to Helen, OK. 164 00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:51,960 And this is prophesize, this is this is to be the greatest war 165 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:54,680 in human history. It will make it will make 166 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:59,960 mortals into gods, right? That's why Achilles enters this 167 00:11:59,960 --> 00:12:03,200 war, because this is the opportunity for him to prove 168 00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:06,960 that he is the greatest warrior of All in all of human history. 169 00:12:07,240 --> 00:12:14,120 And that's why he goes to Troy. Odysseus is also supposed to go 170 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:19,040 to this war, but this is he's different from Achilles because 171 00:12:19,280 --> 00:12:24,680 Odysseus loves his wife Penelope and he has a new son, six 172 00:12:24,680 --> 00:12:29,480 months, six months old Tanakis. So he's conflicted and he really 173 00:12:29,480 --> 00:12:33,360 doesn't want to go to war. But the Greeks need him because 174 00:12:33,360 --> 00:12:36,320 the gods have told the Greeks that it is really Odysseus Who 175 00:12:36,320 --> 00:12:38,640 Will Win the war because he's the one who will come up with a 176 00:12:38,640 --> 00:12:40,960 Trojan horse, the stratum that will win this war. 177 00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:44,400 So you need this guy. OK, so this is doesn't want to 178 00:12:44,400 --> 00:12:47,640 go, but the Greeks insist. So the Greeks send 2 messengers 179 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:53,640 to Ithaca where this is lives. Now. 180 00:12:53,640 --> 00:12:58,400 This is what he does is he pretends to be mad. 181 00:12:58,840 --> 00:13:02,000 So he dress up as a beggar. OK, he's a king, but he dresses 182 00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:06,000 up really badly and he's going around the farmland and throwing 183 00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:08,680 salt everywhere he goes. He looks crazy. 184 00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:12,080 OK and you throw salt in the land to kill crops. 185 00:13:12,560 --> 00:13:16,840 So he looks kind of crazy, but the but the Greeks understand 186 00:13:16,840 --> 00:13:22,080 that this is a man of disguise. He's a man of stratagems. 187 00:13:22,480 --> 00:13:24,800 He's very clever. So it's probably a trick. 188 00:13:25,280 --> 00:13:29,760 So what they do is they take his six month year old son Tamakus, 189 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:33,480 OK, and put in front of Odysseus. 190 00:13:33,560 --> 00:13:36,640 Odysseus is plowing the field and salting the fields. 191 00:13:36,640 --> 00:13:38,520 OK. And basically the test is this. 192 00:13:38,680 --> 00:13:40,920 If you're really mad, you're going to run over your son 193 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:45,120 Tamakus and kill him. If you're not mad, if you're not 194 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:48,600 really crazy, then you're going to stop and go somewhere else 195 00:13:48,600 --> 00:13:49,960 and save your son. So. 196 00:13:49,960 --> 00:13:51,520 So let's see if you're really crazy. 197 00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:57,320 And so this is, of course, turns away and saves his son. 198 00:13:57,560 --> 00:13:59,800 And the Greeks just say hi. You see, you're tricking us all 199 00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:03,200 along. Come with us to Troy. 200 00:14:03,480 --> 00:14:05,640 And so this is has no choice but to go. 201 00:14:06,360 --> 00:14:10,080 OK, So This is why Odysseus goes. 202 00:14:10,080 --> 00:14:12,440 He's forced to go. When you think about it, the 203 00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:15,120 story doesn't really make any sense, right? 204 00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:19,800 And that's the greatness of Homer, because he's telling us 205 00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:21,680 the complexity of human psychology. 206 00:14:22,600 --> 00:14:24,120 But this is really, really smart. 207 00:14:24,120 --> 00:14:27,440 He thinks ahead, right? He should know that if he were 208 00:14:27,440 --> 00:14:30,680 to have the stratagem, the Greeks would see it, see it 209 00:14:30,680 --> 00:14:31,960 through it really quickly, right? 210 00:14:32,600 --> 00:14:35,440 So what he should be doing is hiding from the Greeks, right? 211 00:14:36,240 --> 00:14:41,120 Or maybe just moving away. If you really, really don't want 212 00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:43,880 to go to this war, you just run away and take your family with 213 00:14:43,880 --> 00:14:46,080 you, OK. Or you know what? 214 00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:48,760 Just kill these guys because you're crazy, right? 215 00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:57,960 All right, So what this tells us is that, yes, Odysseus really 216 00:14:57,960 --> 00:15:02,760 loves his family, and he wants to be with his family because he 217 00:15:02,760 --> 00:15:05,000 knows that if he goes to Troy, he'll be gone for 20 years. 218 00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:10,160 That's 20 years that he won't be able to see his son Tamakis grow 219 00:15:10,160 --> 00:15:11,080 up. OK. 220 00:15:11,960 --> 00:15:15,320 But at the same time, this is the greatest war in human 221 00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:17,800 history. Achilles is going, a man is 222 00:15:17,800 --> 00:15:20,000 going. This is want to be really want 223 00:15:20,080 --> 00:15:23,080 to be left out. Does he really want to be the 224 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:27,400 one guy who's like a coward, who's like, you know what? 225 00:15:27,400 --> 00:15:31,080 I'm going to stay home, right? The Greeks will just laugh at 226 00:15:31,080 --> 00:15:34,000 him for the rest of his life, saying you're just a pussy, 227 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:37,040 right? You've been pussy whipped by 228 00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:38,440 your wife doesn't want to do that. 229 00:15:38,760 --> 00:15:41,920 So it's a conflict, right? So what he does is he comes up 230 00:15:41,920 --> 00:15:46,160 with a stratagem that allows the Greeks to see food really 231 00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:49,200 quickly and force him to go. So he doesn't have to be any 232 00:15:49,200 --> 00:15:52,680 responsibility for what he does, all right? 233 00:15:52,920 --> 00:15:55,560 And that is a complexity of the human soul. 234 00:15:55,680 --> 00:15:57,960 That is a complexity of our worldview. 235 00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:06,640 All right, So he goes to Troy and he has to explain to himself 236 00:16:06,800 --> 00:16:09,240 why he's there. And he he knows he's going to be 237 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:12,560 away from home for 20 years, 10 years in Troy, 10 years being 238 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:15,680 lost at sea, right? So his world view is this. 239 00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:25,400 Why am I here in Troy? Well, the first reason is just 240 00:16:25,760 --> 00:16:31,440 justice, right? This is a just war because a 241 00:16:31,440 --> 00:16:41,040 Trojan stole Helen and therefore the Greeks must avenge the honor 242 00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:43,200 of Analyse. OK. 243 00:16:43,600 --> 00:16:48,880 Second is family. Helen should be with her 244 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:53,000 children. Helen should be with her family 245 00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:57,640 in Sparta. We have to return her to Sparta. 246 00:16:58,280 --> 00:17:00,440 How would I feel if Panoply were stolen from me? 247 00:17:00,680 --> 00:17:03,720 I want everyone to go fight with me to get her back as well. 248 00:17:03,720 --> 00:17:06,680 Right? But family OK now. 249 00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:15,480 Third reason is legacy. Yes, he will not see his son 250 00:17:15,480 --> 00:17:20,000 Camachus for 20 years. Therefore, he has to build him a 251 00:17:20,079 --> 00:17:24,599 legacy that will carry him for the rest of his life. 252 00:17:25,079 --> 00:17:29,280 If he is in Troy and he wins this Great War and he becomes 253 00:17:29,280 --> 00:17:34,240 this great hero, then Tamakis himself will be famous as a son 254 00:17:34,240 --> 00:17:38,600 of of Odysseus. People will respect Tamakis. 255 00:17:38,840 --> 00:17:40,640 He wants to build a legacy for his son. 256 00:17:40,720 --> 00:17:45,120 He wants to tell his son, this is this is how you should live 257 00:17:45,120 --> 00:17:47,760 your life. You should live a life of honor, 258 00:17:47,920 --> 00:17:51,520 of justice, of truth. OK, so these are the three 259 00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:57,200 reasons why he goes to Troy. And we have to remember that 260 00:17:57,200 --> 00:18:01,720 this is all to justify his conflict, OK? 261 00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:04,080 There's a conflict, there's a rupture in his soul, and he he 262 00:18:04,080 --> 00:18:08,800 needs to mend it by explaining why he's doing what he's doing, 263 00:18:10,120 --> 00:18:11,360 OK? Because again, he's abandoning 264 00:18:11,360 --> 00:18:18,880 Hispanic for 20 years. OK, So what's going to happen is 265 00:18:18,880 --> 00:18:23,040 this this is this is the world view that Odysseus has when he 266 00:18:23,040 --> 00:18:28,320 enters Troy. The problem starts when they win 267 00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:31,640 the war, OK? Because when they win the war, 268 00:18:31,800 --> 00:18:40,200 then Odysseus is forced to see that all these three things were 269 00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:45,320 wrong, OK? He will discover that this war 270 00:18:45,320 --> 00:18:49,000 was not about justice. It was just about revenge and 271 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:51,440 murder. It is about family. 272 00:18:51,440 --> 00:18:55,400 It's about destroying families, because when you win this war, 273 00:18:55,560 --> 00:18:58,920 you enslave the woman and kill the husbands, right? 274 00:18:59,080 --> 00:19:02,280 That's destroying families. And it's not about legacy 275 00:19:02,280 --> 00:19:08,200 because you've destroyed the Trojan civilization for no 276 00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:10,680 particular reason, because Helen, Helen doesn't even want 277 00:19:10,680 --> 00:19:15,000 to go back to your Sparta, OK? And this causes cognitive 278 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:26,160 dissonance and this is what causes his PT SD OK, or trauma. 279 00:19:26,600 --> 00:19:34,440 And so for So the Odyssey is his journey to repair his soul so 280 00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:36,920 that he can go home. OK, Does it doesn't make sense, 281 00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:39,200 guys? That's what the Odyssey is 282 00:19:39,200 --> 00:19:41,840 about, OK? So what we're going to do now is 283 00:19:41,840 --> 00:19:46,360 we are going to read certain sections, OK? 284 00:19:46,360 --> 00:19:48,080 So this is from the Iliad actually. 285 00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:51,000 OK, this is from the Iliad. And. 286 00:19:52,440 --> 00:19:56,320 And so remember in Book 1, the Iliad, Achilles, angry Manon had 287 00:19:56,320 --> 00:19:58,880 this nasty fight where Achilles is like, screw you, you're a 288 00:19:58,880 --> 00:20:00,600 dog, I'm not gonna fight for you ever again. 289 00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:02,680 Eggman is like, screw you, I don't need you. 290 00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:05,240 OK. But in Book 2, Eggman recognizes 291 00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:08,600 that, oh, there's actually a problem because Achilles is the 292 00:20:08,600 --> 00:20:12,320 greatest war that we have. And if Achilles doesn't want to 293 00:20:12,320 --> 00:20:13,960 fight, then that's bad for morale. 294 00:20:14,720 --> 00:20:16,200 OK, We might actually lose this war. 295 00:20:16,720 --> 00:20:21,200 So Eggmanon being stupid, he has this stupid idea and this stupid 296 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:25,400 idea is this. How can I rally my soldiers? 297 00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:28,280 How can I galvanized them into action? 298 00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:31,840 Now that Achilles has abandoned battlefield, I know what I'll 299 00:20:31,840 --> 00:20:35,480 do. I'll tell them they can go home. 300 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:38,320 Ha, Reverse psychology guys, right? 301 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:40,720 Reverse psychology. Because when I say you guys can 302 00:20:40,720 --> 00:20:47,160 go home, every Greek will be like, no, we came all the way to 303 00:20:47,160 --> 00:20:50,680 Troy to win glory for you. Agate man on. 304 00:20:51,240 --> 00:20:54,120 We're going to fight to the death to ensure that you get 305 00:20:54,120 --> 00:20:55,000 your glory. Agate man on. 306 00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:57,520 We don't want to go home. Don't make us go home. 307 00:20:57,680 --> 00:20:58,840 We're going to fight. OK? 308 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:03,000 So that's the plan. And of course, it backfires. 309 00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:08,000 And when people hear, oh, we go home, they all run away. 310 00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:10,520 And everyone's like, he now has caught his dissonance. 311 00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:13,640 He's like, what? Oh, what? 312 00:21:13,640 --> 00:21:15,040 He doesn't understand what's going on. 313 00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:18,160 OK. And at this point in the story, 314 00:21:18,520 --> 00:21:21,520 the war should be over because all the Greeks just got went 315 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:25,640 home. And again, what happens is a 316 00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:30,560 dish will come and save everyone because he will recognize that 317 00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:34,360 Egeman just being stupid, and he will force all the Greeks to 318 00:21:35,600 --> 00:21:37,320 return back to the post. OK. 319 00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:39,360 All right. So, Ivory, can you read, please? 320 00:21:39,880 --> 00:21:43,080 Testing his man. Testing hits men, but he only 321 00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:46,400 made the spirit race inside their chests all the rank and 322 00:21:46,400 --> 00:21:49,960 file who'd never heard his plan, and the whole assembly surged 323 00:21:49,960 --> 00:21:54,200 like big like big waves at sea. The Acarian Sea, when east and 324 00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:57,920 South winds Dr. it on blasting down in force from the clouds of 325 00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:01,600 Father Zeus, or when the West wind shakes the deep sanding 326 00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:05,560 grain with with hurricane gusts that flame down the stalks. 327 00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:10,280 So the mass assembly of troops was was shaken now they cried on 328 00:22:10,280 --> 00:22:13,160 alarm and charged towards the ships, and the dust went 329 00:22:13,160 --> 00:22:17,000 whirling up from under rushing feet as the men jostled back and 330 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:20,880 forth, shouting orders. Grapple the ships, drag them 331 00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:23,480 down to the bright sea. Clean out the launching 332 00:22:23,480 --> 00:22:25,960 channels. Shrill shouts hitting the 333 00:22:25,960 --> 00:22:29,560 heavens, fighters racing for home, knocking the blacks out 334 00:22:29,680 --> 00:22:32,160 underneath the holes. Wait, so this shows you how 335 00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:34,760 stupid Eggman is because Eggman thinks that his soldiers 336 00:22:34,760 --> 00:22:37,320 actually want to fight this war, but all the soldiers are 337 00:22:37,320 --> 00:22:39,440 homesick. They're sick of this stupid war. 338 00:22:39,800 --> 00:22:42,360 They don't know why, why they're in this war. 339 00:22:42,600 --> 00:22:45,520 OK, so the moment that Eggman says you guys can go home, 340 00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:48,200 they're all like, we're going to get home as soon as possible, 341 00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:49,360 OK? They missed your wives. 342 00:22:49,480 --> 00:22:54,520 They missed your children. All right, So Aphrodite and Hera 343 00:22:54,520 --> 00:22:57,040 are up, up in the sky, OK, Mount Olympus. 344 00:22:57,040 --> 00:23:01,320 And they they watch it and like, Oh my God, Eggman is going to 345 00:23:01,320 --> 00:23:03,880 lose us this war. What a moron. 346 00:23:04,360 --> 00:23:07,680 And Hera says to Athena, oh, sorry, sorry, sorry. 347 00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:09,240 It's not actually Hera and Aphrodite. 348 00:23:09,240 --> 00:23:11,560 It's Hera and Athena because they're the ones who lost the 349 00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:13,480 contest to Aphrodite. OK. 350 00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:17,280 But Hera says to Athena, you get down there, man, and you stop 351 00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:21,400 this, OK? So Athena rushes down, and he 352 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:23,480 talks to Odysseus. OK. 353 00:23:28,800 --> 00:23:29,760 All right. Can you read? 354 00:23:30,840 --> 00:23:34,160 And now they might have won their journey home, the men of 355 00:23:34,160 --> 00:23:37,440 Argos fighting the bullet. Fate, yes, if her had not 356 00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:41,960 alerted Athena, inconceivable child of Zeus, whose battle 357 00:23:41,960 --> 00:23:44,040 shield is Thunder. Tireless one. 358 00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:48,200 Athena, What is this? The way all the archives flying 359 00:23:48,200 --> 00:23:51,080 home to their fatherland, sailing over to seas, brought 360 00:23:51,080 --> 00:23:55,360 back, leaving Prime and all the men of Troy a trophy to glory 361 00:23:55,360 --> 00:23:59,320 over Helen Argos. Helen, for whom so many archives 362 00:23:59,320 --> 00:24:02,160 lost their lives in Troy, far from native land. 363 00:24:02,920 --> 00:24:07,000 Go range the ranks of Achene's Arms and Bronze with your 364 00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:09,560 winning words. Hold back each man you find. 365 00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:12,520 Don't let them haul their rolling ships to sea, OK? 366 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:19,480 Come on, you. The bright eyed goddess palace 367 00:24:19,640 --> 00:24:22,720 lost no time down. She flashed from the peaks of 368 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:26,640 Mount Olympus, quickly reached the ships and found Odysseus 369 00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:30,040 first, a mastermind like Zeus, still standing fast. 370 00:24:30,560 --> 00:24:34,000 He had not laid a hand in his back black benched hole. 371 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:37,720 Such anguish wracked from his heart and fighting spirit now 372 00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:40,680 close beside him, the bright eyed goddess stood in Urjaman, 373 00:24:41,360 --> 00:24:43,800 royal son of. Leartes. 374 00:24:43,880 --> 00:24:46,720 Leartes Odysseus, great testician. 375 00:24:47,440 --> 00:24:49,000 What is this the way? OK. 376 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:52,120 So, So everyone's trying to go home. 377 00:24:52,120 --> 00:24:54,520 And you would think that Odysseus would be the first 378 00:24:54,520 --> 00:24:57,920 person to get on a ship to go back to see his son and his 379 00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:01,400 wife. OK, But he's he's standing 380 00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:02,640 there. He's kind of confused. 381 00:25:03,360 --> 00:25:05,880 All right, So he's like, this doesn't make any sense to me. 382 00:25:05,880 --> 00:25:08,360 Why would Edgar and do this? But at the same time, he sort of 383 00:25:08,360 --> 00:25:11,080 shows you that he actually doesn't really want to go home, 384 00:25:11,720 --> 00:25:13,080 right? Because if we want to go home, 385 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:15,000 he'd be home by now. Keep on going. 386 00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:19,360 All you archives flying home to your fatherland, tumbling into 387 00:25:19,360 --> 00:25:23,160 your ore swept ships, leaving Priam an old man of Troy, a 388 00:25:23,160 --> 00:25:28,320 trophy to glory over. Helen Vargos. 389 00:25:28,760 --> 00:25:32,000 Helen of Argos, Helen for whom so many archives lost their 390 00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:34,320 lives in Troy, far from native land. 391 00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:38,480 No, don't give up now. Range the akin ranks with your 392 00:25:38,480 --> 00:25:40,880 winning words. Hold back each man you find, 393 00:25:41,160 --> 00:25:42,960 don't let them haul their rolling ships to sea. 394 00:25:44,040 --> 00:25:47,600 He knew the goddess's voice. He went on a run, flaying off 395 00:25:47,600 --> 00:25:52,720 his Cape as Yuri Bases picked it up, the Herald of Ithaca always 396 00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:55,200 at his side. Coming face to face with 397 00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:59,440 Atreides Agamemnon, he relieved him of his father's rural 398 00:25:59,440 --> 00:26:02,160 scepter. Its power can never die, and 399 00:26:02,160 --> 00:26:05,640 grasping it tightly off, he strodes the ships of Archives, 400 00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:08,720 armed and bronze. OK, so he's not going to sing it 401 00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:12,440 heavenly, save the Greeks from losing this war. 402 00:26:12,440 --> 00:26:20,480 OK, so Athena, right? Athena is always part of 403 00:26:21,120 --> 00:26:23,200 Odysseus. It's part of his soul, right? 404 00:26:23,200 --> 00:26:25,560 The intuition. And his intuition tells him 405 00:26:26,440 --> 00:26:27,560 something's something wrong here. 406 00:26:27,640 --> 00:26:30,400 I need to stop this, OK. Also what? 407 00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:34,280 Look at Agamemnon. Agamemnon is frozen. 408 00:26:34,440 --> 00:26:39,240 He he is so distraught. He's shut down, OK? 409 00:26:39,320 --> 00:26:42,520 His brain has stopped working. It's it's frozen because this is 410 00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:44,800 not supposed to happen, right? When he says that you guys can 411 00:26:44,800 --> 00:26:47,560 go home. He wanted everyone to say no. 412 00:26:47,560 --> 00:26:49,440 We're going to stay and fight for you, Agamemnon. 413 00:26:50,040 --> 00:26:51,600 All right, So it's kind of dissonance. 414 00:26:52,040 --> 00:26:56,320 It's so much kind of dissonance that when Odysseus takes the 415 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:59,160 world scepter, everybody doesn't even notice. 416 00:26:59,160 --> 00:27:01,760 The world scepter is part of his soul, right? 417 00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:04,480 It's his legacy. It's what gives him authority. 418 00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:07,360 He's the king of kings. And this is just takes takes the 419 00:27:07,360 --> 00:27:11,320 crown from and says, like, no, I'm the king for now to save 420 00:27:11,320 --> 00:27:12,960 this war. OK. 421 00:27:13,480 --> 00:27:17,320 And it just shows you how committed Odysseus is to winning 422 00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:20,520 this war. He really believes that this war 423 00:27:20,520 --> 00:27:24,920 is about justice, about family, about building a legacy for his 424 00:27:24,920 --> 00:27:27,720 son. So he refuses to lose this war. 425 00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:32,480 All right, Do you want to go? Ahead I I. 426 00:27:32,480 --> 00:27:33,840 Thought I Oh, I'm sorry. Yeah. 427 00:27:33,840 --> 00:27:42,520 All right, All right. So, but that's the Iliad, OK, 428 00:27:42,520 --> 00:27:46,320 And again, what will happen is that Odysseus will win this war 429 00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:49,400 and when eternal glory for himself with a stratum of a 430 00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:55,240 chosen horse. Right now we go to the Odyssey 431 00:27:55,240 --> 00:28:00,840 and in the Odyssey, we don't actually meet Odysseus for many, 432 00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:04,600 many books, OK? It's only towards the middle 433 00:28:04,640 --> 00:28:06,760 that we meet Odysseus. In the first few books, It's 434 00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:10,040 it's a story of Tamakis and it's during the finest Father, OK. 435 00:28:10,680 --> 00:28:15,800 And when we meet Odysseus, he's a very different person from 436 00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:19,800 when from the Iliad. Remember the Iliad, he is trying 437 00:28:19,800 --> 00:28:21,880 to win this war. He's very energetic, he's 438 00:28:21,880 --> 00:28:24,640 galvanized, he's very heroic, OK. 439 00:28:24,640 --> 00:28:29,160 But when we see him in the Odyssey, he's a changed person. 440 00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:34,160 In fact, he's a broken person. So what's happening is that this 441 00:28:34,360 --> 00:28:37,160 this isn't his crew try to go home and they get lost at sea. 442 00:28:37,160 --> 00:28:39,880 They have many adventures and they get shipwrecked on an 443 00:28:39,880 --> 00:28:44,600 island and he's and he becomes the sex toy. 444 00:28:44,720 --> 00:28:47,880 OK, Literally a sex toy of a God's name, Calypso. 445 00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:51,160 All right, so basically he's getting raped every day at 446 00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:55,480 night, and then he goes to the beach and he cries. 447 00:28:56,600 --> 00:29:02,120 OK, so and so so so he's he's he's a prisoner of Clipso for 448 00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:05,680 many years. And the gods Zeus, Athena, they 449 00:29:05,680 --> 00:29:07,880 get together and and and say, you know what? 450 00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:09,040 We can't have this happen anymore. 451 00:29:09,040 --> 00:29:12,600 OK, this is needs to go home. So they send Hermes to tell 452 00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:15,720 Clipso you have to send this is home. 453 00:29:15,720 --> 00:29:18,880 The gods will it. And the clip says sure, why not? 454 00:29:18,880 --> 00:29:22,760 OK, so can you read? With that, the powerful giant 455 00:29:22,760 --> 00:29:24,200 killer speed away. So it's Hermes. 456 00:29:24,200 --> 00:29:27,280 OK so Hermes has total clipso you have to let this guy go. 457 00:29:28,280 --> 00:29:31,800 The queenly nymph sought out the great Odysseus, the commands of 458 00:29:31,800 --> 00:29:34,880 Zeus still ringing in her ears, and found him there on the 459 00:29:34,880 --> 00:29:39,640 headland, sitting still, weeping, his eyes never dry, his 460 00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:41,560 sweet life flowing away with the tears. 461 00:29:41,560 --> 00:29:44,960 He wept for his foiled journey home since and then no longer 462 00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:47,640 pleased. So he's sitting, he's still, 463 00:29:48,320 --> 00:29:52,000 he's weeping, his eyes never dry, and all he's thinking about 464 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:55,800 is the past. OK, this is clear signs of 465 00:29:56,120 --> 00:29:59,040 depression PDST. OK. 466 00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:03,840 You're annoying in the night. True, he'd sleep with her in the 467 00:30:04,280 --> 00:30:08,120 in the arching cave. He had no choice, unwilling 468 00:30:08,120 --> 00:30:10,480 lover alongside lover all too willing. 469 00:30:10,960 --> 00:30:14,480 But all his days he sit on rocks and beaches, wrenching his heart 470 00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:18,520 with sobs and groans in anguish, gazing out over the barren sea 471 00:30:18,520 --> 00:30:21,160 through blinding tears. So he's a broken man. 472 00:30:21,560 --> 00:30:25,040 He's a very different person from the Iliad. 473 00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:27,440 OK, so now the question then is why? 474 00:30:27,640 --> 00:30:32,720 What happened to him? All right, so Klepto says to 475 00:30:32,720 --> 00:30:36,120 Odysseus, You know what? It's been great having a sex 476 00:30:36,120 --> 00:30:40,680 toy, but the gods insist that you have to go home. 477 00:30:40,800 --> 00:30:44,800 But you know what? You can choose to be my sex toy 478 00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:47,480 for eternity. I can make it immortal, right? 479 00:30:47,480 --> 00:30:49,560 You can go home, but I can make you immortal and you'll be my 480 00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:52,720 statutory for all of eternity. Now this is is like, that's a 481 00:30:52,720 --> 00:30:56,080 really nice offer. I I really want to do this, but 482 00:30:56,200 --> 00:31:00,280 I need to go at home. OK, So he leaves and he gets an 483 00:31:00,280 --> 00:31:04,360 island. And on this island, he's given a 484 00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:06,320 ship to go home. OK. 485 00:31:06,320 --> 00:31:11,480 But before he goes home, as a custom, they host a banquet for 486 00:31:11,480 --> 00:31:12,800 him. OK. 487 00:31:12,920 --> 00:31:14,840 And they really don't know who he is. 488 00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:17,760 They don't really know he's audacious. 489 00:31:17,760 --> 00:31:25,240 All right, So doing the banquet, what's the tradition is have a 490 00:31:25,240 --> 00:31:31,120 bar, sing a great story. OK, To sing a story of great 491 00:31:31,120 --> 00:31:32,600 deeds. And of course, he sings about 492 00:31:32,600 --> 00:31:37,040 the Trojan War. OK, So can you read Ivory? 493 00:31:38,520 --> 00:31:41,560 Destroyed between Odysseus and Achilles, Pelius's son. 494 00:31:41,560 --> 00:31:44,400 OK, so so the boys sing about the Swordan war, OK. 495 00:31:45,240 --> 00:31:48,680 How at once at the God's flowing feast the captains clash in the 496 00:31:48,680 --> 00:31:52,480 savage war of wards, while Agamemnon, Lord of armies, 497 00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:56,160 rejoiced at heart that Achaeus's bravest men were battling. 498 00:31:56,160 --> 00:32:00,360 So for this was the victory sign, the Apollo prophecies as 499 00:32:00,360 --> 00:32:03,680 shrine in Pytho, when Agamemnon strode across the rocky 500 00:32:03,680 --> 00:32:07,720 threshold asking the Oracle for advice, the start of the tidal 501 00:32:07,720 --> 00:32:11,760 waves of ruin tumbling down on Troy's and Nikki's forces both 502 00:32:11,760 --> 00:32:13,920 at once. Thanks to will of Zeus, who 503 00:32:13,920 --> 00:32:17,000 rules the world. That was the song the famous 504 00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:20,480 Harper sang. But but Odysseus, clutching his 505 00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:24,160 flaring sea blue Cape in both powerful hands, drew it over his 506 00:32:24,160 --> 00:32:28,400 head and buried his handsome face, ashamed his host might see 507 00:32:28,400 --> 00:32:31,400 him shedding tears. Whenever the wrath Bard would 508 00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:35,960 pause in the song, he'd lift the Cape from his head, boy, pop his 509 00:32:35,960 --> 00:32:39,280 tears and hoisting his double handed cup, pour it out to the 510 00:32:39,280 --> 00:32:42,440 gods. But as but as soon as the Bard 511 00:32:42,440 --> 00:32:47,400 would start again, impelled to sing by faces Lords who revelled 512 00:32:47,400 --> 00:32:51,120 in his tail again, Odysseus hit his face and wept. 513 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:55,560 OK, so there's this great banquet and the Bard singer of 514 00:32:55,560 --> 00:32:57,800 the children war. And at this point you would 515 00:32:57,800 --> 00:32:59,680 think that Odysseus would be like, hey, that's me man. 516 00:32:59,680 --> 00:33:02,720 He'd be very proud. But instead, he cries and he 517 00:33:02,720 --> 00:33:06,400 cries. OK, this again is trauma where 518 00:33:07,120 --> 00:33:10,120 the memories are storing pain in him. 519 00:33:10,600 --> 00:33:15,200 So clearly something happened during the children war that 520 00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:18,280 made him want to forget about it, that made him resent 521 00:33:18,280 --> 00:33:21,120 himself. OK, That caused his soul to be 522 00:33:21,120 --> 00:33:28,760 ruptured. All right, all right, So keep on 523 00:33:28,760 --> 00:33:29,320 going. See as. 524 00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:32,200 Master of many exploits, praise the singer. 525 00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:36,560 I respect you, Demoticus, more than any man alive. 526 00:33:37,120 --> 00:33:40,680 Surely the Muse has taught you, Zeus's daughter or God, Apollo 527 00:33:40,680 --> 00:33:42,680 himself. How true to life. 528 00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:45,640 All too true. You sing the aching and his 529 00:33:45,640 --> 00:33:48,000 fate. All they did and suffered, all 530 00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:51,240 they soldiered through as if you were, as if you were there 531 00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:53,280 yourself or heard from one who was. 532 00:33:53,920 --> 00:33:57,680 But come now, shift your ground. Sing of the wooden horse. 533 00:33:57,960 --> 00:34:02,240 EPS is built with Athena's help. The cutting trap, that good, 534 00:34:02,880 --> 00:34:05,600 that good. Odysseus brought one day to the 535 00:34:05,600 --> 00:34:08,960 heights of Troy, Filled with fighting men who laid the city 536 00:34:08,960 --> 00:34:12,000 waste. Sing that for me, true to life 537 00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:15,800 as it deserves, And I will tell the world at once how freely the 538 00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:18,280 muse gave you the gods, his own gift of song. 539 00:34:18,520 --> 00:34:21,600 OK, so. He's feeling all this pain 540 00:34:22,560 --> 00:34:24,800 because of memories of the tournament war, but he 541 00:34:24,800 --> 00:34:27,400 recognizes that if he's willing to go home because remember, 542 00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:30,360 he's on his journey home, he needs to confront his pain. 543 00:34:30,520 --> 00:34:34,440 He needs to omit his pain. OK, so now he's going to ask the 544 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:38,159 bar to sing the memory that he's most trying to repress. 545 00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:41,760 He's trying to he he wants to now focus on the children war 546 00:34:41,800 --> 00:34:44,639 and really come to terms with his own trauma. 547 00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:49,800 OK, All right, so this so so let's let's see what happens. 548 00:34:51,040 --> 00:34:55,000 Sorry, certain now by the. Muse the Bard launched out in a 549 00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:58,120 fine blaze of song, starting at just the point where the main 550 00:34:58,120 --> 00:35:01,560 aching force, setting their camps afire, had boarded the 551 00:35:01,560 --> 00:35:03,520 oar, swept ships and sailed for home. 552 00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:07,680 But famed Odysseus's men, already crouched and hiding in 553 00:35:07,680 --> 00:35:10,440 the heart of Troy's assembly, darkened that horse. 554 00:35:10,440 --> 00:35:13,120 The Trojans dragged themselves to the city heights. 555 00:35:13,680 --> 00:35:17,800 Now it's stood there looming, and round it's bulk the Trojan 556 00:35:17,800 --> 00:35:20,280 sat debating clashing days on end. 557 00:35:20,880 --> 00:35:24,040 Three plans split your ranks. Either to hack open the hollow 558 00:35:24,040 --> 00:35:27,760 vault with ruthless bronze or haul it up to the highest Ridge 559 00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:31,240 and pitch it down the cliffs. Or let it sand a glorious 560 00:35:31,240 --> 00:35:33,200 offering made to pacify the gods. 561 00:35:33,680 --> 00:35:38,040 And that that final plan was bound to win the day for Troy 562 00:35:38,040 --> 00:35:41,160 was fated to perish once city lodged inside her walls. 563 00:35:41,360 --> 00:35:44,960 The monstrous wooden horse where the prime of our guy power lay 564 00:35:44,960 --> 00:35:47,880 in wait with death and slaughter bearing down on Troy. 565 00:35:47,880 --> 00:35:56,080 OK. Troops of Achians broke Achians 566 00:35:56,080 --> 00:35:59,520 broke from cover streaming out of the horse's hollow flanks to 567 00:35:59,520 --> 00:36:02,480 plunder Troy. He's saying how left and right 568 00:36:02,480 --> 00:36:06,320 they ravaged the seep's city, saying how Odysseus marched 569 00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:12,080 right up to de Phoebus's house. Like the God of War on attack 570 00:36:12,280 --> 00:36:15,280 with diehard Menelaus de Phoebus isn't a name for prime. 571 00:36:15,280 --> 00:36:19,400 OK, they want to go kill the king there, he's saying. 572 00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:23,440 Odysseus fought the grimmest fight he had ever braved, but he 573 00:36:23,440 --> 00:36:27,200 went through at last thanks to Venus's superhuman power. 574 00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:30,280 That was a song the famous Harper sang. 575 00:36:30,600 --> 00:36:34,040 The great Odysseus melted into tears, running down from his 576 00:36:34,040 --> 00:36:37,920 eyes to with his cheeks as a woman weeps, her arms flung 577 00:36:37,920 --> 00:36:41,000 around her darling husband. A man who fell in battle, 578 00:36:41,280 --> 00:36:44,560 fighting for town and townsmen, trying to beat the day of doom 579 00:36:44,560 --> 00:36:48,600 from home and children. Seeing the man go down dying, 580 00:36:48,760 --> 00:36:52,600 gasping for breath, she clings for dear life, screams and 581 00:36:52,600 --> 00:36:55,120 shrills. But the victor is just behind 582 00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:58,000 her, Digging spear butts into her back and shoulders. 583 00:36:58,280 --> 00:37:01,040 Drag her off in bondage, yoke to hard labor. 584 00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:04,360 Pain and the most heartbreaking torment waste her cheeks. 585 00:37:05,000 --> 00:37:07,920 So from Odysseus's eyes ran tears of heartbreak now. 586 00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:09,600 OK, so now we know what happened. 587 00:37:09,840 --> 00:37:13,200 OK, all right. So what happened was this, for 588 00:37:13,200 --> 00:37:15,920 10 years, Odysseus and the Greeks were trying to defeat the 589 00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:19,120 Trojans and they could not do it because the Trojans were behind 590 00:37:19,120 --> 00:37:22,440 a walled city. So this is prayed and prayed to 591 00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:26,080 Athena for inspiration. And then one day he had it, the 592 00:37:26,080 --> 00:37:28,360 Trojan horse, OK, so he sneaks in. 593 00:37:28,600 --> 00:37:31,680 So he gets into the underbelly of the Trojan horse, a lot of 594 00:37:31,680 --> 00:37:35,240 other soldiers, and then they get into the city and like, you 595 00:37:35,240 --> 00:37:37,320 know, they're really scared, they're really excited. 596 00:37:37,960 --> 00:37:43,000 Then they're able at night to leave the Trojan horse and then 597 00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:45,040 open the gates of Troy. And the Greeks stream in and 598 00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:50,480 they start to conquer the city. And then this is, you know, he 599 00:37:50,480 --> 00:37:54,960 is killing, OK, because it's war and he's full of adrenaline. 600 00:37:55,600 --> 00:37:58,880 But then someone catches his eye, all right. 601 00:37:59,320 --> 00:38:05,920 He strikes down a soldier. And then the a woman comes 602 00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:13,720 crying and she's traumatized at the sight of the death of her 603 00:38:13,720 --> 00:38:17,720 husband. And he's and this is traumatized 604 00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:24,120 by this woman being traumatized because he came to Troy to save 605 00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:29,120 the woman, right? He sees Penelope in this woman. 606 00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:33,520 He says, I came all this way to make sure that Helen could be 607 00:38:33,520 --> 00:38:37,080 safe of her husband. And now he just recognized that 608 00:38:37,280 --> 00:38:46,440 I just killed someone's husband. But not only that, but the Greek 609 00:38:46,440 --> 00:38:51,400 come and they take her off to be enslaved. 610 00:38:53,000 --> 00:39:00,000 So he by witness war has has destroyed every single family in 611 00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:03,520 Troy. He's caused the suffering of 612 00:39:03,600 --> 00:39:07,360 thousands and thousands of women and children. 613 00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:12,080 And that is what he sees for the first time, OK. 614 00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:15,680 For the longest time, he believed that he was here to 615 00:39:16,200 --> 00:39:20,280 fight for justice, to save families, to leave his legacy 616 00:39:20,720 --> 00:39:27,240 for his son Tamakis. And now he recognizes, no, this 617 00:39:27,240 --> 00:39:31,200 is not a just war. I'm destroying a civilization. 618 00:39:31,480 --> 00:39:33,800 This is not a war about family. This is this is a war about 619 00:39:33,800 --> 00:39:35,640 destroying families. And what am I? 620 00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:41,520 What legacy am I leaving my son? How my son feel if he knows how 621 00:39:41,520 --> 00:39:47,360 I destroyed families like ours? And this causes trauma in him, 622 00:39:47,480 --> 00:39:54,680 It splits his soul and it drives him crazy, basically. 623 00:39:54,920 --> 00:39:59,400 And that's a conflict, the central conflict in the Odyssey. 624 00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:04,280 Having done so much evil, how can you go home? 625 00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:10,320 How can you repair yourself? How can you mend your soul and 626 00:40:10,320 --> 00:40:13,760 repair your worldview so that you can live for your family? 627 00:40:14,360 --> 00:40:14,640 OK.