1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,300
Financial incentive, these 
exclusive rights, allow owners 

2
00:00:03,300 --> 00:00:05,600
of intellectual property to 
benefit from the property. 

3
00:00:05,600 --> 00:00:08,100
They have created providing a 
financial incentive for the 

4
00:00:08,100 --> 00:00:10,500
creation of an investment in 
intellectual property. 

5
00:00:10,600 --> 00:00:13,700
And in case of patents, pay 
Associated research and 

6
00:00:13,700 --> 00:00:17,100
development costs in the United 
States, Article 1 Section 8 

7
00:00:17,100 --> 00:00:19,900
Clause, 8 of The Constitution 
commonly called the patent. 

8
00:00:19,900 --> 00:00:23,300
And copyright Clause reads, the 
Congress shall have power to 

9
00:00:23,300 --> 00:00:26,500
promote the progress of Science 
and useful Arts by securing for 

10
00:00:26,500 --> 00:00:29,300
limited times to authors and 
inventors the exclusive right to

11
00:00:29,300 --> 00:00:31,900
their respective. 
Of writings and discoveries some

12
00:00:31,900 --> 00:00:34,900
commentators such as David 
Levine and Michelle bull dream 

13
00:00:34,900 --> 00:00:38,100
dispute. 
This justification in 2013 the 

14
00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:39,900
United States patent and 
trademark office. 

15
00:00:39,900 --> 00:00:43,000
Approximated that the worth of 
intellectual property to the US 

16
00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:45,900
economy is more than U s-- five 
trillion dollars in creates 

17
00:00:45,900 --> 00:00:47,700
employment. 
For an estimated 18 million 

18
00:00:47,700 --> 00:00:50,100
American people. 
The value of intellectual 

19
00:00:50,100 --> 00:00:53,200
property is considered similarly
high in other developed Nations.

20
00:00:53,200 --> 00:00:55,200
Such as those in the European 
Union. 

21
00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:59,300
In the UK IP has become a 
recognized asset class for use 

22
00:00:59,300 --> 00:01:02,000
in pension Funding and other 
types of business finance. 

23
00:01:02,400 --> 00:01:06,200
However, in 2013, the UK 
intellectual property office 

24
00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:09,000
stated there are millions of 
intangible business assets. 

25
00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:12,100
Whose value is either not being 
leveraged at all or only being 

26
00:01:12,100 --> 00:01:16,000
leveraged inadvertently economic
growth, the weep o treaty and 

27
00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:17,700
several related. 
International agreements 

28
00:01:17,700 --> 00:01:20,400
underline that the protection of
intellectual property rights is 

29
00:01:20,400 --> 00:01:22,400
essential to maintaining 
economic growth. 

30
00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:24,300
The weep o intellectual 
property. 

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00:01:24,300 --> 00:01:28,100
Handbook gives two reasons for 
intellectual property laws, one 

32
00:01:28,100 --> 00:01:31,200
is to give statutory expression 
to the Moral and economic rights

33
00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:33,600
of creators in their creations 
and the rights of the public and

34
00:01:33,600 --> 00:01:36,900
access to those Creations. 
The second is to promote as a 

35
00:01:36,908 --> 00:01:38,800
deliberate Act of government 
policy. 

36
00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:41,800
Creativity in the dissemination 
and application of its results 

37
00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:44,100
in to encourage Fair trading, 
which would contribute to 

38
00:01:44,100 --> 00:01:47,400
economic and social development.
The anti-counterfeiting trade 

39
00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:50,600
agreement, a CTA states that 
effective enforcement of 

40
00:01:50,600 --> 00:01:53,400
intellectual property rights is 
critical to sustaining economic 

41
00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:55,400
growth across all Industries and
globally. 

42
00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:58,500
Economists estimate that 
two-thirds of the value of large

43
00:01:58,500 --> 00:02:01,700
businesses in the United States.
Be traced to intangible assets. 

44
00:02:02,100 --> 00:02:05,900
IP intensive, Industries are 
estimated to generate 72% more 

45
00:02:05,900 --> 00:02:10,000
value-added, price - material 
cost per employee, the non IP 

46
00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:13,400
intensive Industries, a joint 
research project of the weep o 

47
00:02:13,400 --> 00:02:15,800
in the United Nations, 
University measuring the impact 

48
00:02:15,800 --> 00:02:18,800
of Ip systems on six Asian 
countries, found a positive 

49
00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:21,300
correlation between the 
strengthening of the IP system, 

50
00:02:21,300 --> 00:02:25,100
and subsequent economic growth 
morality according to article, 

51
00:02:25,100 --> 00:02:28,000
27 of the universal Declaration 
of Human Rights. 

52
00:02:28,100 --> 00:02:30,400
Everyone has the right to the 
protection of the A moral and 

53
00:02:30,400 --> 00:02:33,600
material interests resulting 
from any scientific literary or 

54
00:02:33,600 --> 00:02:35,600
artistic production of which he 
is the author. 

55
00:02:35,900 --> 00:02:38,300
Although the relationship 
between intellectual property 

56
00:02:38,300 --> 00:02:40,000
and human rights is a complex 
one. 

57
00:02:40,100 --> 00:02:42,900
There are moral Arguments for 
intellectual property, the 

58
00:02:42,900 --> 00:02:45,400
arguments that justify 
intellectual property fall into 

59
00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:48,600
three major categories 
personality theorists believe. 

60
00:02:48,600 --> 00:02:51,200
Intellectual property is an 
extension of an individual 

61
00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:53,400
utilitarians. 
Believe that intellectual, 

62
00:02:53,400 --> 00:02:56,100
property stimulates social 
progress, and pushes people to 

63
00:02:56,100 --> 00:02:59,500
further Innovation, lock-ins 
argue that intellectual property

64
00:02:59,500 --> 00:03:02,000
is just Five based on deserve 
nice and hard work. 

65
00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:04,900
Various moral justifications for
private property. 

66
00:03:04,900 --> 00:03:07,600
Can be used to argue in favor of
the morality of intellectual 

67
00:03:07,600 --> 00:03:11,400
property such as natural rights 
Justice argument. 

68
00:03:11,500 --> 00:03:14,100
This argument is based on 
Locke's idea that a person has a

69
00:03:14,108 --> 00:03:16,800
natural right over the labor and
products, which are produced by 

70
00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:19,700
their body appropriating. 
These products is viewed as 

71
00:03:19,700 --> 00:03:23,200
unjust, although lock had never 
explicitly stated that natural 

72
00:03:23,200 --> 00:03:24,900
right. 
Applied to products of the mind,

73
00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:27,300
it is possible to apply as 
argument to intellectual 

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00:03:27,300 --> 00:03:30,400
property rights in, which it 
would be unjust for To misuse 

75
00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:32,700
another's ideas. 
Locke's argument for, 

76
00:03:32,700 --> 00:03:35,600
intellectual property is based 
upon the idea that laborers have

77
00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:38,700
the right to control that which 
they create, they argue that we 

78
00:03:38,700 --> 00:03:41,000
own our bodies, which are the 
labourers this right of 

79
00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:42,900
ownership, extends to what we 
create. 

80
00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:45,800
Thus, intellectual property, 
ensures this, right? 

81
00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:49,300
When it comes to production, 
utilitarian pragmatic argument. 

82
00:03:49,300 --> 00:03:52,400
According to this rationale, a 
society that protects private 

83
00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:55,200
property is more effective in 
prosperous than societies that 

84
00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:58,200
do not Innovation and invention 
in 19th century. 

85
00:03:58,200 --> 00:04:01,700
America has been attributed to 
the Men of the patent system by 

86
00:04:01,700 --> 00:04:04,300
providing innovators with 
durable and tangible return on 

87
00:04:04,300 --> 00:04:07,900
their investment of time, labor 
and other resources intellectual

88
00:04:07,900 --> 00:04:10,500
property rights seek to maximize
social utility. 

89
00:04:10,900 --> 00:04:13,300
The presumption is that they 
promote Public Welfare by 

90
00:04:13,300 --> 00:04:16,399
encouraging the creation 
production and distribution of 

91
00:04:16,399 --> 00:04:20,000
intellectual Works utilitarians 
argue that without intellectual 

92
00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:21,300
property. 
There would be a lack of 

93
00:04:21,300 --> 00:04:24,700
incentive to produce new ideas 
systems of protection. 

94
00:04:24,700 --> 00:04:27,500
Such as intellectual property 
optimized social utility 

95
00:04:27,900 --> 00:04:30,700
personality argument this 
argument Is based on a quote 

96
00:04:30,700 --> 00:04:32,700
from Hegel. 
Every man has the right to turn 

97
00:04:32,700 --> 00:04:34,300
his will upon a thing or make 
the thing. 

98
00:04:34,300 --> 00:04:37,500
An object of his will that is to
say to set aside the mirror 

99
00:04:37,500 --> 00:04:41,000
thing and recreate it as his own
European intellectual property 

100
00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:43,900
law is shaped by this notion 
that ideas are an extension of 

101
00:04:43,900 --> 00:04:46,700
oneself and of one's personality
personality. 

102
00:04:46,700 --> 00:04:49,100
Theorists argue that by being a 
creator of something. 

103
00:04:49,100 --> 00:04:51,600
One is inherently at risk and 
vulnerable for having their 

104
00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:55,200
ideas and design, stolen, enter 
altered intellectual property 

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00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:58,100
protects these moral claims that
have to do with personality 

106
00:04:58,500 --> 00:05:02,800
Lysander Spooner, 10:55 argues 
that a man has a natural and 

107
00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:05,300
absolute, right? 
And if a natural and absolute 

108
00:05:05,300 --> 00:05:07,600
then necessarily A Perpetual 
right? 

109
00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:11,000
Of property in the ideas of 
which he is the Discover or 

110
00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:12,900
creator that is right. 
Of property. 

111
00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:16,300
In ideas is intrinsically the 
same as and stands on 

112
00:05:16,300 --> 00:05:18,400
identically. 
The same grounds with his right 

113
00:05:18,400 --> 00:05:22,000
of property and material things 
that no distinction of principle

114
00:05:22,100 --> 00:05:24,500
exists between the two cases, 
right? 

115
00:05:24,500 --> 00:05:27,800
Arraign Rand argued in her book,
capitalism, the unknown ideal 

116
00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:29,800
that the protection of 
intellectual property is 

117
00:05:29,900 --> 00:05:32,900
Essentially a moral issue, the 
belief is that the human mind 

118
00:05:32,900 --> 00:05:35,400
itself is the source of wealth 
and survival in that all 

119
00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:38,700
property at its basis 
intellectual property to violate

120
00:05:38,700 --> 00:05:41,100
intellectual property is 
therefore no different morally 

121
00:05:41,100 --> 00:05:43,800
than violating other property 
rights, which compromises the 

122
00:05:43,800 --> 00:05:46,800
very processes of survival and 
therefore constitutes an immoral

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00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:50,600
act infringement, 
misappropriation and enforcement

124
00:05:50,800 --> 00:05:53,300
violation of intellectual 
property, rights called 

125
00:05:53,300 --> 00:05:56,900
infringement, with respect to 
patents copyright and trademarks

126
00:05:57,100 --> 00:05:59,600
and misappropriation with 
respect to trade secrets. 

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00:05:59,900 --> 00:06:02,900
Maybe a breach of civil law or 
criminal law, depending on the 

128
00:06:02,900 --> 00:06:06,100
type of intellectual property, 
involved jurisdiction, and the 

129
00:06:06,100 --> 00:06:09,000
nature of the action. 
As of 2011, trade in 

130
00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:11,500
counterfeit, copyrighted, and 
trademarked Works was a six 

131
00:06:11,500 --> 00:06:14,300
hundred billion dollars industry
worldwide and accounted for five

132
00:06:14,300 --> 00:06:18,100
to seven percent of global trade
patent infringement patent 

133
00:06:18,100 --> 00:06:21,100
infringement typically is caused
by using or selling a patented 

134
00:06:21,100 --> 00:06:23,300
invention without permission 
from the patent holder. 

135
00:06:23,500 --> 00:06:26,600
For example, from the patent 
owner, the scope of the patented

136
00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:29,000
invention, or the extent of 
protection is defined in the 

137
00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:31,800
claims of the Anton patent. 
There is Safe Harbor. 

138
00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:35,000
In many jurisdictions to use a 
patented invention for research.

139
00:06:35,400 --> 00:06:38,400
This Safe, Harbor does not exist
in the u.s. unless the research 

140
00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:41,500
is done for purely philosophical
purposes or in order to gather 

141
00:06:41,500 --> 00:06:42,700
data. 
In order to prepare an 

142
00:06:42,708 --> 00:06:45,300
application for regulatory 
approval of a drug. 

143
00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:48,700
In general patent, infringement 
cases are handled under civil 

144
00:06:48,700 --> 00:06:52,600
law, for example, in the United 
States but several jurisdictions

145
00:06:52,600 --> 00:06:54,400
incorporate infringement and 
criminal law. 

146
00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:59,500
Also for example, Argentina 
China, France, Japan, Russia, 

147
00:06:59,900 --> 00:07:03,100
South Korea, copyright 
infringement copyright 

148
00:07:03,100 --> 00:07:06,200
infringement is reproducing 
Distributing displaying or 

149
00:07:06,200 --> 00:07:09,100
performing a work or to make 
derivative Works without 

150
00:07:09,100 --> 00:07:11,600
permission from the copyright 
holder, which is typically a 

151
00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:14,300
publisher or other business 
representing or assigned by The 

152
00:07:14,300 --> 00:07:17,600
Works Creator. 
It is often called piracy while 

153
00:07:17,600 --> 00:07:20,000
copyright is created, the 
instant of work is fixed 

154
00:07:20,100 --> 00:07:22,700
generally the copyright holder 
can only get money damages. 

155
00:07:22,700 --> 00:07:25,500
If the owner registers, the 
copyright enforcement of 

156
00:07:25,500 --> 00:07:28,200
copyright is generally the 
responsibility of the copyright 

157
00:07:28,200 --> 00:07:31,900
holder, the active Trader, 
agreement signed in May 2011, by

158
00:07:31,900 --> 00:07:35,700
the United States, Japan, 
Switzerland, and the EU and 

159
00:07:35,700 --> 00:07:38,500
which is not entered into Force 
requires that it's parties at 

160
00:07:38,500 --> 00:07:41,800
criminal penalties, including 
incarceration, and fines for 

161
00:07:41,800 --> 00:07:44,600
copyright, and trademark 
infringement and obligates, the 

162
00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:47,300
parties to actively police for 
infringement, there are 

163
00:07:47,300 --> 00:07:50,600
limitations and exceptions to 
copyright, allowing limited use 

164
00:07:50,600 --> 00:07:53,800
of copyrighted Works, which does
not constitute infringement 

165
00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,000
examples of such doctrines are 
the fair use and fair dealing 

166
00:07:57,000 --> 00:08:00,600
Doctrine, trademark infringement
trademark, Mark infringement 

167
00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:03,500
occurs when one party uses a 
trademark that is identical or 

168
00:08:03,500 --> 00:08:06,500
confusingly, similar to a 
trademark owned by another party

169
00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:09,300
in relation to products or 
Services which are identical or 

170
00:08:09,300 --> 00:08:11,900
similar to the products or 
Services of the other party. 

171
00:08:12,300 --> 00:08:15,300
In many countries a trademark 
receives protection without 

172
00:08:15,300 --> 00:08:18,400
registration but registering a 
trademark provides legal 

173
00:08:18,400 --> 00:08:21,600
advantages for enforcement 
infringement can be addressed by

174
00:08:21,600 --> 00:08:25,600
civil litigation and in several 
jurisdictions under criminal law

175
00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:29,600
trade secret, misappropriation 
trade, secret misappropriation. 

176
00:08:29,800 --> 00:08:32,700
Is different from violations of 
other intellectual property laws

177
00:08:32,700 --> 00:08:35,100
since by definition, trade 
secrets are secret. 

178
00:08:35,200 --> 00:08:37,799
While patents and registered 
copyrights and trademarks are 

179
00:08:37,799 --> 00:08:40,299
publicly available in the United
States. 

180
00:08:40,299 --> 00:08:43,400
Trade secrets are protected 
under state law and states have 

181
00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:46,400
nearly universally adopted the 
uniform Trade Secrets act. 

182
00:08:46,700 --> 00:08:49,400
The United States also has 
federal law in the form of the 

183
00:08:49,400 --> 00:08:55,200
economic Espionage Act of 1996 
18, USC sections, 1831 to 1836 

184
00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:58,000
9, which makes the theft or 
misappropriation of a trade 

185
00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:01,300
secret, a federal crime. 
Law contains two Provisions 

186
00:09:01,300 --> 00:09:05,300
criminalizing to sorts of 
activity, the first 18, u.s.c. 

187
00:09:05,300 --> 00:09:08,300
section, 1831. 
A criminalizes the theft of 

188
00:09:08,300 --> 00:09:10,400
Trade Secrets to benefit foreign
powers. 

189
00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:15,400
The second 18, USC section, 
1832, criminalizes their theft 

190
00:09:15,400 --> 00:09:17,300
for commercial or economic 
purposes. 

191
00:09:17,700 --> 00:09:20,500
The statutory penalties are 
different for the two offenses 

192
00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:23,800
in Commonwealth, common law, 
jurisdictions confidentiality, 

193
00:09:23,800 --> 00:09:26,100
and trade secrets are regarded 
as an equitable, right? 

194
00:09:26,100 --> 00:09:28,500
Rather than a property, right? 
But penalties for theft or 

195
00:09:28,500 --> 00:09:31,600
roughly the same as in the Did 
States criticisms. 

196
00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:34,900
The term intellectual property 
criticism of the term 

197
00:09:34,900 --> 00:09:37,000
intellectual property ranges 
from discussing. 

198
00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:39,800
Its vagueness and Abstract over 
reach to direct contention to 

199
00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:42,600
the semantic validity of using 
words like property and rights. 

200
00:09:42,600 --> 00:09:44,800
And fashions, that contradict 
practice, and law. 

201
00:09:45,200 --> 00:09:47,600
Many detractors. 
Think this term specially serves

202
00:09:47,600 --> 00:09:50,400
the doctrinal agenda of parties 
opposing reform in the public 

203
00:09:50,400 --> 00:09:53,500
interest or otherwise abusing 
related legislations and that it

204
00:09:53,508 --> 00:09:55,300
disallows. 
Intelligent discussion about 

205
00:09:55,300 --> 00:09:58,600
specific and often, unrelated 
aspects of copyright patents 

206
00:09:58,600 --> 00:10:02,000
trademarks at Her free software 
Foundation, founder Richard 

207
00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:04,800
stallman argues that although 
the term intellectual property 

208
00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:07,000
is in wide use. 
It should be rejected all 

209
00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:09,200
together because it 
systematically distorts and 

210
00:10:09,200 --> 00:10:12,400
confuses these issues and its 
use was and is promoted by those

211
00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:15,800
who gain from this confusion, he
claims that the term operates as

212
00:10:15,800 --> 00:10:18,400
a catch-all to lump together, 
disparate laws, originated 

213
00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:21,700
separately, evolved differently,
cover different activities, have

214
00:10:21,700 --> 00:10:24,600
different rules, and raised 
different public policy issues. 

215
00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:27,300
And that it creates a bias by 
confusing these monopolies with 

216
00:10:27,300 --> 00:10:29,900
ownership of limited physical 
things, likening them, Um to 

217
00:10:29,900 --> 00:10:32,600
property rights, stallman 
Advocates referring to 

218
00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:35,400
copyrights patents and 
trademarks in the singular and 

219
00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:38,000
warns against abstracting 
disparate laws into a collective

220
00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:40,100
term. 
He argues that to avoid 

221
00:10:40,100 --> 00:10:42,400
spreading unnecessary bias and 
confusion. 

222
00:10:42,500 --> 00:10:45,400
It is best to adopt a firm 
policy not to speak or even 

223
00:10:45,400 --> 00:10:47,200
think in terms of intellectual 
property. 

224
00:10:47,600 --> 00:10:50,900
Similarly, economists bouldering
and Levine prefer to use the 

225
00:10:50,900 --> 00:10:53,500
term intellectual Monopoly as a 
more appropriate and clear, 

226
00:10:53,500 --> 00:10:57,300
definition of the concept, which
they argue is very dissimilar 

227
00:10:57,300 --> 00:10:59,700
from property rights. 
They further argued that 

228
00:10:59,800 --> 00:11:02,600
Stronger patents, do little or 
nothing to encourage Innovation.

229
00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:05,900
Mainly explained by its tendency
to create Market monopolies. 

230
00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:08,400
Thereby restricting, further 
Innovations, and Technology 

231
00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:11,700
transfer on the assumption that 
intellectual property rights are

232
00:11:11,700 --> 00:11:14,000
actual rights. 
Stallman says that, this claim 

233
00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:16,900
does not live to the historical 
intentions Behind these laws, 

234
00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:19,900
which in the case of copyright 
served as a censorship system, 

235
00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:23,100
and later on a regulatory model 
for the printing press that may 

236
00:11:23,100 --> 00:11:25,300
have benefited authors. 
Incidentally, but never 

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interfered with the freedom of 
average readers still referring 

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to copyright. 
He Sites legal literature such 

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as the United States 
Constitution and case law to 

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demonstrate that the law is 
meant to be an optional and 

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experimental bargain to 
temporarily Trade property 

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rights and free speech for 
public. 

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Not private benefits in the form
of increased artistic production

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and knowledge. 
He mentions that if copyright 

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were natural, right? 
Nothing to justify terminating 

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this right. 
After a certain period of time 

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law, professor writer and 
political activist Lawrence 

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lessig along with many other 
copyleft and free software 

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activists has criticized the 
implied analogy with physical 

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property. 
Land or an automobile. 

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They argue such an analogy fails
because physical property is 

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generally rivalrous. 
While intellectual works are 

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non-rivalrous, that is if one 
makes a copy of a work, the 

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enjoyment of the copy, does not 
prevent enjoyment of the 

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original other arguments. 
Along these lines claim that 

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unlike the situation with 
tangible property, there is no 

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natural scarcity, of a 
particular idea or information. 

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Once it exists at all, it can be
reused and duplicated 

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indefinitely without such reuse 
diminishing. 

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The original Stephan kinsella 
has objected to intellectual 

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property. 30 on the grounds that
the word property implies 

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scarcity which may not be 
applicable to ideas. 

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Entrepreneur and politician 
record, falkvinge and hacker. 

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Alexander Oliva, have 
independently compared, George 

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Orwell's, fictional dialect. 
New speak to the terminology 

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used by intellectual property 
supporters as a linguistic, 

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00:12:45,500 --> 00:12:48,300
weapon to shape public opinion, 
regarding copyright debate and 

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00:12:48,308 --> 00:12:53,300
DRM alternative terms in civil 
law jurisdictions intellectual 

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00:12:53,300 --> 00:12:56,100
property has often been referred
to as intellectual rights 

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traditionally. 
A somewhat broader concept that 

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has included moral rights and 
other Personal protections that 

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cannot be bought or sold use of 
the term. 

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Intellectual rights has 
declined. 

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Since the early 1980s, as use of
the term, intellectual property 

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has increased alternative terms,
monopolies on information and 

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00:13:11,600 --> 00:13:13,200
intellectual Monopoly have 
emerged. 

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00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:15,700
Among those who argue against 
the property or intellect or 

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rights assumptions. 
Notably Richard stallman the 

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00:13:18,700 --> 00:13:21,200
backrooms intellectual 
protectionism and intellectual 

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00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:24,800
poverty whose initials are also,
IP, have found supporters as 

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00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:27,800
well, especially among those who
have used the backronym digital 

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restrictions management. 
The I meant that an intellectual

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00:13:30,700 --> 00:13:33,500
property rights should in the 
interests of better balancing of

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relevant private and public 
interests be termed an 

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00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:37,600
intellectual Monopoly. 
Privileged. 

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00:13:37,600 --> 00:13:40,800
I am P has been Advanced by 
several academics, including 

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00:13:40,800 --> 00:13:42,800
beardy to Anderson and Thomas L 
yard fonts.