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Hello everyone. 
Welcome back to daily gospel 

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exegesis. 
We're continuing in The Sermon 

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on the Mount today. 
So we're looking at Matthew 

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chapter 5 verses 38 to 42, some 
really interesting teachings 

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from Jesus year. 
So if you're new to the podcast,

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what we do is we read out the 
passage from today's Catholic. 

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Mass and then we'll have a go at
providing an exegesis of the 

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passage. 
So what might it have meant in 

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its original context? 
So today's passage Matthew 

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chapter 5 verses 38 to 42 Jesus 
said to his disciples, you have 

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learned how it was said an eye 
for eye and tooth for tooth. 

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But I say this to you offer the 
wicked man. 

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No resistance on the contrary if
anyone hits you on the right 

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cheek offer him the other as 
well. 

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If a man takes you to law and 
would have your tunic, let him 

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have your cloak as well and if 
anyone orders you to go one 

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mile, go two miles with him give
to anyone who asks and if anyone

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wants to borrow do not turn 
away. 

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So challenging teaching, hear 
from Jesus, or A number of 

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challenging teachings will have 
a go at doing an exegesis. 

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There are different 
interpretations even among 

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Catholics on the best way to 
understand some of these 

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commandments. 
So just to recap where in The 

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Sermon on the Mount and Jesus 
has already by now, he's already

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listed a few of these. 
You have heard that it was said,

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but I say to you his said quite 
a few of those Jesus basic idea 

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in this section on the sermon on
the It is that the Jews of the 

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time particularly the Pharisees,
they knew the external 

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requirements of the law very 
well. 

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But Jesus now reveals that the 
true way of following the law is

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through the interior 
transformation that God wants 

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and that was the whole point of 
the laws. 

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So he's in this section, where 
he's come to reveal the true 

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purpose of some particular laws 
from the Old Testament. 

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Now, with each of the things 
he's going to list today, he's 

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not saying this law is wrong. 
But he is going to say 

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something, like this, the way 
you have heard it taught in 

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emphasized is only a partial, 
fulfillment, of God's intention 

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for that law. 
There is a much deeper and more 

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meaningful way of doing God's 
will in relation to this law. 

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So, in other words, Jesus is 
telling his audience, some who 

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are disciples. 
Some possibly not, there's a 

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large crowd here, he's telling 
them that fulfilling the 

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external requirements of the law
is necessary, but there's more 

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to it as well. 
There needs to be an interior. 

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Transformation. 
So first example verse 38 you 

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have learned how it was said. 
So the Jews at the time would 

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have learnt God's law from the 
Pharisees and the other rabbis 

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as part of their education, as a
Jew, all the Jews knew the law 

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very well. 
I for eye and tooth for tooth. 

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Now, this quote, this famous 
quote is from Exodus chapter 21,

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verses 24, and it's often called
The Lex talionis eye for eye, 

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and tooth for tooth. 
The first thing to say about 

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this law is that in context, it 
was given as a civil law to 

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ensure that the Israelites 
didn't inflict more punishment 

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than was required. 
So the point of the Lex talionis

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in Exodus was to set the maximum
boundaries. 

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Of possible. 
Revenge to ensure that things 

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were proportional. 
It made sure that someone didn't

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do a worse harm in the process 
of doing Revenge when they are 

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wronged. 
So, a set the maximum limits for

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Revenge. 
Basically, it appears that the 

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Jews at the time of Jesus were 
applying this civil law. 

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Remember this is a civil law, 
that was given though. 

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We're using it, to justify their
own personal Vengeance. 

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So, in context, The Exodus law 
was supposed to be about Law 

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Courts, and the way that they 
They decided which punishments 

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were appropriate and it was 
setting the maximum boundaries, 

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but in the time of Jesus, they 
use the Lex talionis on an 

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individual level to justify 
them, taking their own Revenge, 

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individual personal situations. 
So that's one aspect of this. 

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And we need to keep in mind they
were probably abusing The, Lex 

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talionis law in a way that it 
was never meant to be used 

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anyway, verse 39, but I say this
to you. 

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So Jesus he's the authority of 
interpreter of God's law because

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he's gone. 
Himself. 

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He's now going to indicate the 
deeper true or meaning of this 

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eye for eye and tooth for tooth 
law. 

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Offer the wicked man. 
No resistance. 

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Now first thing I notice it's 
wicked man. 

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So for this verse we're dealing 
with someone who is clearly 

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doing you wrong, offer them? 
No resistance. 

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Now this is difficult to 
interpret. 

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Jesus doesn't is probably not 
advocating, not using self 

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defense. 
Jesus probably wants people to 

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use self defense when they're 
genuinely threatened. 

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So he's not talking about that. 
Most likely he is using 

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hyperbole here and we know that 
he's using exaggerations and 

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hyperboles in other passages in 
Matthew 5 and 6. 

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So there's the possibility of 
exaggeration here so that gives 

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us two possible interpretations 
of offer. 

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The wicked man, no resistance. 
So he could mean, literally 

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don't resist, when people are 
doing evil to you, that could 

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just be the basic meaning for 
his immediate audience, but if 

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there's an element of 
exaggeration, perhaps he means 

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something like this. 
Don't let your desire for self 

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centeredness and revenge, 
dominate your thinking when 

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you're dealing with Wicked 
people. 

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So either of those could be 
right, I tend to lean towards it

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being a literal commandment to 
not offer resistance in 

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particular situations because he
goes on to give Three concrete 

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examples of what that looks 
like. 

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Remember, let's keep in mind, 
Jesus main point here. 

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He's telling them that they are 
using the Lex talionis 

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incorrectly. 
They are using it for private 

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Vengeance. 
When it was only ever meant to 

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be used as a civil law. 
So that's the main thing. 

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He wants to emphasize at a 
minimum, he saying that the Lex 

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talionis law. 
Does not justify taking 

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individual Vengeance in personal
situations. 

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He certainly saying that he's 
now going to give some examples 

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that challenge his disciples to 
resist the temptation to return.

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One offense for another Jesus 
does not want people, just 

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returning one offense for 
another so it's an infinite 

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chain of offenses. 
The key theme here in the 

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examples that we're going to 
look at is that in each case, 

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the person is unjustly 
persecuted by Wicked person. 

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So they do genuinely have wrong,
done to them but Jesus point in 

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each case is endure it anyway. 
In fact Return their evil with 

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kindness. 
So Jesus says in each of the 

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cases that I'm going to talk 
about, you want to return evil 

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with kindness and he's going to 
tell us why at the end of the 

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passage as well. 
So here's the first specific 

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example in verse 39 on the 
contrary if anyone hits you on 

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the right cheek offer him, the 
other as well. 

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So you probably heard people 
talk about what it means to have

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a right cheek slaps. 
Oh, and that is a certainly, a 

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factor here, a slap on the right
cheek. 

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That culture. 
But because everyone was 

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right-handed, basically that 
would be a backhanded slap to be

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to have a slap on the right 
cheek. 

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If you try and sort of visualize
that, if you are slapped on the 

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right cheek by someone's right 
hand, that is a backhanded slap,

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according to the mishnah, which 
was a body of Jewish, teaching 

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at the time, not God's word but 
certainly well respected by the 

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Jews. 
To give someone a backhand slap 

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was a very insulting thing to 
do. 

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And if it happened to a do they 
could demand Double the normal 

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Financial penalty compared to a 
normal slap. 

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So they had the legal, right? 
According to the mishnah to 

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demand exceptional repayments if
they had a backhanded slap 

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happen to them, but notice what 
Jesus says here, he says that 

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even if you get slapped in the 
worst possible way rather than 

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getting financial compensation 
which they were legally entitled

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to, and Jesus doesn't deny that 
he says, you need to rather 

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indoor Either insult by offering
your other cheek, and that's 

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pretty radical. 
This person has been unjustly 

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attacked basically with an 
unnecessarily hard back and 

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slap. 
So, they do have a legal right 

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to respond, but Jesus says, 
don't do that instead offer the 

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other cheek. 
Now, if there's a hyperbole 

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here, again, Jesus might be 
exaggerating and it would be 

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something like this. 
There is Merit in suffering 

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righteously rather than 
retaliating Next example, verse 

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40, if a man takes you to law 
and would have your tunic, let 

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him have your cloak as well so 
we need to understand the 

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distinction between tunics and 
cloaks. 

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So Jewish men wore two 
governments, they had a tunic 

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which was an inner garment and a
cloak which was like a larger 

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heavier outer garment. 
One a person could be sued for 

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his tunic as part of the 
repayments. 

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If if someone has done wrong to 
you, you could sue them to have 

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their tunic because it's sort of
considered an unnecessary in a 

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garment. 
But you couldn't sue someone for

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their coach, because the coat 
was essential for a person to 

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keep warm. 
It was not, you couldn't ask for

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someone's coach because that 
will be depriving them of a 

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necessity. 
But notice what Jesus says here,

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if a man takes you to law and 
would have your tunic, let him 

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have your cloak as well. 
So rather than seeking 

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compensation or rather than 
trying to retaliate. 

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If someone tries to take your 
tunic Jesus says, don't go that 

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path. 
Don't fight it. 

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Instead offer your cloak as well
and that was a real situation 

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that they would have been faced 
with. 

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So Jesus really expects his 
disciples to do that, it would 

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appear. 
So it's a theme of righteous 

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suffering suffering for doing 
good, and despite unjust 

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persecution verse 41. 
If anyone orders you to go one 

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mile? 
Now, this is again a real law 

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that existed at the time, a 
Roman soldier, could legally 

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force, a Jutsu carry, hit the 
Romans equipment for up to one 

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mile. 
That was a law that existed at 

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the time, and they force the 
Jews to do it. 

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They said take my stuff for a 
mile and of course, that's what 

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And to Simon the cyrenian who 
helped Jesus carry his cross 

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there. 
Basically, in a nap to the Roman

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law and said you have to carry 
this cross. 

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So here, Jesus says, if anyone 
orders you to do that, go to 

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miles. 
So the teaching here, let's 

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think about the gravity of it. 
He's telling his Jewish 

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disciples to show extreme 
generosity to the Romans, that 

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would be shocking. 
Given how much the Romans were 

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persecuting them show extreme 
generosity to the Romans. 

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Even when you don't feel like it
even when you're being unjust, 

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We persecuted verse 42 give to 
anyone who asks so do not 

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withhold things. 
Selfishly is the idea of are and

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that's fair. 
If anyone wants to borrow do not

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turn away. 
So, again, we see this theme of 

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giving oneself, even when it 
hurts, give of yourself to other

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people. 
Now, of course, there's more to 

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this passage and towards the end
here, Jesus is going to so why 

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he's given them all these laws 
and particularly in relation to 

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what it tells us about. 
God, if we follow these laws, 

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what's it going to show to the 
rest of the world about God? 

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And so that will continue in 
verses 43 to 48 and that is red 

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on Tuesday of week, 11 in 
ordinary time and you might be 

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listening to this podcast as 
part of that cycle. 

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It's also read on the Saturday 
of the first week of Lent So In 

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this passage, let's try and 
summarize it. 

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There are different 
interpretations of how 

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literally, Jesus is to be taken.
But it appears that what he's 

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saying overall is, he wants his 
disciples not to take personal 

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Revenge. 
Don't take don't return one 

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offense for another rather Jesus
says return, evil with kindness 

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in your personal life. 
So this is doesn't appear to be 

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a command about legal 
proceedings in court. 

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It's about what to do in a 
personal Possible Revenge 

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situation in the next part of 
the sermon. 

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He's going to intensify things 
even further because he's going 

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to say love your enemies. 
And so it's well worth looking 

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at that particular episode as 
well because of course the 

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enemies of the Jews at that time
where the Romans. 

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So Jesus is going to get really 
controversial. 

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So, let's turn to the catechism.
There's only one paragraph that 

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makes reference to verses 38 to 
42, and it's paragraph 2443 in 

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the section about love for the 
poor. 

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It says, God, blesses, those who
come to the aid of the poor and 

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rebukes, those who turn away 
from them. 

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Quote, give to him, who begs 
from you do not refuse him. 

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Who would borrow from you So 
that quote, there is from verse 

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42 that we heard today. 
Catholics according to the, 

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catechism are required to come 
to the aid of the poor and give 

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to those who beg from you do not
refuse him who would borrow from

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you. 
That is a command for all 

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questions in all time. 
So it's a passage that's well 

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worth studying and thinking 
about a meditating about and 

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just as we finish today's 
episode, I want to remind you 

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that you can get in contact with
me via the email address for The

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00:13:57,400 --> 00:14:01,000
podcast, which is logical Bible 
study at gmail.com. 

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I'd love to hear from you, tell 
me what you're learning from the

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00:14:03,800 --> 00:14:06,000
podcast. 
How did you originally find the 

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00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:07,700
podcast? 
What do you like about it? 

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00:14:07,700 --> 00:14:09,300
What would you like to see more 
of? 

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And you can ask any questions 
about the Bible as well and I'll

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do my best to answer them. 
If you've benefitted from this 

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podcast for a long time, then 
please consider becoming a 

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00:14:19,300 --> 00:14:22,400
supporter of the ministry so 
that we can make the ministry 

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00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:25,800
even better and do more things. 
Get the word out to more people.

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We need your support. 
What to do that because there is

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no other financial support for 
this small Ministry. 

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If you would like to do that, 
then please take a look at the 

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patreon link in the show notes 
and have a look at all the 

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benefits that are available to 
you. 

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00:14:40,500 --> 00:14:43,800
If you have a go at that, thank 
you and we'll see you again 

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00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:44,300
tomorrow.
