1 00:00:11,100 --> 00:00:13,500 Hi everyone. Welcome back to the logical. 2 00:00:13,500 --> 00:00:16,200 Bible study podcast. And today, we're looking at a 3 00:00:16,200 --> 00:00:20,400 really interesting passage that I think shows us the importance 4 00:00:20,400 --> 00:00:24,800 of doing exegesis, because if we don't do exegesis on passages 5 00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:27,500 like this one, we're going to be really struggling to see what 6 00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:30,400 Jesus is trying to teach us in the gospels. 7 00:00:30,700 --> 00:00:34,500 So, we're looking today to really controversial parable of 8 00:00:34,500 --> 00:00:38,900 Jesus called the rich man and Lazarus. so, we're looking at 9 00:00:38,900 --> 00:00:45,900 Luke 16:19-31, Jesus said to the Pharisees. 10 00:00:46,100 --> 00:00:49,700 There was a rich man who used to dress in purple and fine linen, 11 00:00:50,200 --> 00:00:52,600 and feast magnificently every day. 12 00:00:53,600 --> 00:00:57,900 And at his gate there, lay a poor man named Lazarus covered 13 00:00:57,900 --> 00:01:01,900 with sores, who longed to fill himself with the scraps that 14 00:01:01,900 --> 00:01:06,400 fell from the rich man's table. Dogs even came and licked his 15 00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:10,000 sores. Now, the poor man died and was 16 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:14,500 carried away by the angels to the bosom of Abraham, The rich 17 00:01:14,500 --> 00:01:20,600 man also died and was buried. In his torment, in Hades, he 18 00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:24,400 looked up and saw Abraham a long way off with Lazarus in his 19 00:01:24,400 --> 00:01:28,300 bosom. So he cried out, Father, 20 00:01:28,300 --> 00:01:31,900 Abraham, pity me, and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his 21 00:01:31,900 --> 00:01:36,300 finger in water and cool. My tongue for I am in agony in 22 00:01:36,300 --> 00:01:41,000 these flames. My son Abraham replied. 23 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:44,600 Remember the during your life. Good things came your way, just 24 00:01:44,600 --> 00:01:46,900 as bad things came the way of Lazarus. 25 00:01:48,100 --> 00:01:51,700 Now, he's being comforted here while you were in agony. 26 00:01:52,900 --> 00:01:56,600 But that is not all between us and you a great golf has been 27 00:01:56,600 --> 00:02:01,400 fixed to stop anyone. If he wanted to Crossing from 28 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:05,700 our side to yours and to stop any Crossing from your side, two 29 00:02:05,700 --> 00:02:09,900 hours. The rich man replied. 30 00:02:09,900 --> 00:02:13,700 Father I beg you then to send Lazarus to my father's house 31 00:02:14,100 --> 00:02:17,400 since I have five brothers to give them warning so that they 32 00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:19,900 do not come to this place of Torment too. 33 00:02:21,700 --> 00:02:25,100 They have Moses and the prophets said Abraham, let them listen to 34 00:02:25,100 --> 00:02:28,600 them. Are no Father. 35 00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:32,000 Abraham said the rich man, but if someone comes to them from 36 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:37,300 the dead, they will repent. Then Abraham said to him, if 37 00:02:37,300 --> 00:02:41,300 they will not listen to Moses or to the prophets, they will not 38 00:02:41,300 --> 00:02:44,900 be convinced even if someone should rise from the dead. 39 00:02:49,600 --> 00:02:55,000 So that's our passage for today. And this is one long Parable. 40 00:02:55,500 --> 00:03:00,300 So our exegesis here as whenever we do parables in this podcast, 41 00:03:00,300 --> 00:03:03,300 is we want to focus on the main point that Jesus is trying to 42 00:03:03,300 --> 00:03:07,200 communicate to his audience. This particular paragraph has 43 00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:10,400 generated a lot of discussion throughout church history and 44 00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:14,400 certainly even up till today, particularly in terms of is 45 00:03:14,400 --> 00:03:18,800 Jesus, describing what the afterlife is really like, or is 46 00:03:18,800 --> 00:03:24,400 he just using sort of imagery the to make a general point and 47 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:26,500 so we'll touch on some of that as we go. 48 00:03:27,300 --> 00:03:30,600 The main thing to say this point is that when Jesus is telling a 49 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:33,900 parable, not every aspect of it is supposed to be taken. 50 00:03:33,900 --> 00:03:38,100 Literally usually There's some sort of comparison or analogy. 51 00:03:38,100 --> 00:03:40,500 He wants his readers to take away from it. 52 00:03:41,600 --> 00:03:45,500 But the situation in the kingdom of God is not always exactly 53 00:03:45,500 --> 00:03:50,000 analogous in every respect to the picture that Jesus sets up 54 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:52,000 in the parable. So we don't want to press it 55 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:54,100 too. Hard to take every detail to 56 00:03:54,100 --> 00:03:57,400 literally. Particularly important with this 57 00:03:57,400 --> 00:03:59,900 Parable because it's one of the most confronting and difficult 58 00:03:59,900 --> 00:04:01,900 passages in the entire New Testament. 59 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:05,800 They'll be some things I say in this, in this exegesis, you 60 00:04:05,800 --> 00:04:07,900 might not agree with there would probably be some things that I'm 61 00:04:07,900 --> 00:04:12,500 wrong about in this exegesis. There's some things I'm not sure 62 00:04:12,500 --> 00:04:14,600 about in terms of how to understand it. 63 00:04:15,100 --> 00:04:18,000 I think sometimes I might not be taking part of it, literally 64 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:19,800 enough. Maybe in some ways, it might be 65 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:22,300 taking it too. Literally, who knows you be the 66 00:04:22,300 --> 00:04:24,900 judge and we'll try and go through it together. 67 00:04:25,800 --> 00:04:29,200 So a couple of things we have to say about the context of this 68 00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:33,500 Parable up front. So where does Jesus say this? 69 00:04:33,500 --> 00:04:36,200 In terms of his his timeline and his teaching. 70 00:04:36,700 --> 00:04:40,000 So Jesus says this particular Parable in the context of a 71 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:44,100 number of other teachings that is just given about using money 72 00:04:44,100 --> 00:04:47,400 wisely for God's kingdom, rather than selfishly. 73 00:04:47,900 --> 00:04:51,800 So Jesus has been criticizing the Pharisees because they love 74 00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:54,900 money and they use money selfishly, that's in Luke 75 00:04:54,900 --> 00:04:58,800 chapter. 15 and 16. So that's a really important 76 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:00,600 context. We have to keep that in mind. 77 00:05:01,300 --> 00:05:05,800 The point of this Parable is not primarily about the afterlife. 78 00:05:06,500 --> 00:05:09,500 Although certainly that's part of its actually primarily about 79 00:05:09,500 --> 00:05:12,700 money. So we keep that in mind, that's 80 00:05:12,700 --> 00:05:15,400 that will help. Secondly, we need to think about 81 00:05:15,400 --> 00:05:18,300 what the Jewish view of the world was at this time. 82 00:05:18,300 --> 00:05:22,900 So it appears, we can't be sure, but it appears that before Jesus 83 00:05:22,900 --> 00:05:25,100 died on the cross, the afterlife worked a bit. 84 00:05:25,300 --> 00:05:31,200 Currently people didn't go to heaven and hell as such as 85 00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:34,300 Christians, we believe that when Jesus died on the cross, he 86 00:05:34,300 --> 00:05:38,400 opened the way to heaven. So before then people couldn't 87 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:42,300 really access heaven in the same way that they could after Jesus 88 00:05:42,300 --> 00:05:43,800 death, that's a Christian teaching. 89 00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:49,800 So when people died, when good people died before Jesus, they 90 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:54,800 didn't go to heaven, they went somewhere else and the Jews 91 00:05:54,800 --> 00:05:56,500 understood Things to work like this. 92 00:05:56,600 --> 00:05:59,700 Now, the Jews view probably wasn't exactly accurate, but 93 00:05:59,700 --> 00:06:02,600 this is based on a number of Old Testament passages. 94 00:06:02,600 --> 00:06:04,400 This is how they figure that it worked. 95 00:06:05,500 --> 00:06:09,500 They believe that when a person dies, whether a good person or a 96 00:06:09,508 --> 00:06:14,100 bad person, the soul would be carried away either by Angels or 97 00:06:14,100 --> 00:06:18,400 maybe not by angels to a place called sheol or Hades. 98 00:06:19,400 --> 00:06:24,100 So those two words mean the same thing she oh Lord Hades both the 99 00:06:24,100 --> 00:06:26,600 good and the bad went there, everyone went there after they 100 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:29,400 died. The only exception to that would 101 00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:31,600 be people like Elijah, who's body? 102 00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:34,700 Got taken straight up into the Heavenly Throne Room, everyone 103 00:06:34,700 --> 00:06:37,000 else. Even presumably people like King 104 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:42,000 David would have gone to she ol. From there, if the person has 105 00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:46,100 found favor with God, they would spend their eternity in what's 106 00:06:46,100 --> 00:06:49,300 called Abraham's bosom and bosom just means side. 107 00:06:49,300 --> 00:06:53,100 So, by the side of Abraham being comforted the, so this is for 108 00:06:53,100 --> 00:06:55,700 the good people. They get comforted in the good 109 00:06:55,700 --> 00:06:58,500 part of she ol in the Abraham's bosom, part of sheol. 110 00:06:59,100 --> 00:07:01,900 And if they've lived a bad life and they've displeased God, they 111 00:07:01,900 --> 00:07:04,900 were go to another part of she'll where there would be 112 00:07:04,900 --> 00:07:09,200 tormented Both of these places are in Hades but so they're both 113 00:07:09,200 --> 00:07:14,200 kind of compartments of the same realm called Hades and between 114 00:07:14,200 --> 00:07:18,400 the two Realms was this great value or Great Golf so that 115 00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:20,500 people couldn't cross from one side to the other. 116 00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:23,800 So that's how the Jews believed that it worked. 117 00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:28,200 Is that exactly how it worked. Maybe, maybe not we're not sure. 118 00:07:29,800 --> 00:07:32,200 But that's the best we have to go with Jay. 119 00:07:32,400 --> 00:07:35,700 God didn't give them all the information about the afterlife 120 00:07:35,700 --> 00:07:37,800 in the Old Testament. He only gave them a little bit, 121 00:07:38,700 --> 00:07:41,700 so we're not sure if this is entirely how it worked or not. 122 00:07:43,100 --> 00:07:45,200 We do know according to the teaching of the church though 123 00:07:45,200 --> 00:07:48,100 that when Jesus died in the three days between his death and 124 00:07:48,100 --> 00:07:50,000 Resurrection, this is where he went. 125 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:52,900 He did go to Hades so Hades does exist. 126 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,600 But how exactly the compartments work is still a bit of a 127 00:07:57,600 --> 00:08:00,600 mystery? Now, this Parable, we're looking 128 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:05,100 at, does not refer to the day of General judgment, which hasn't 129 00:08:05,100 --> 00:08:06,600 happened yet. So there will be some sort of 130 00:08:06,608 --> 00:08:12,100 day in the future when God will call everyone to judgment and 131 00:08:12,100 --> 00:08:14,800 that will be, you know, the day of final judgment whenever I'm 132 00:08:14,800 --> 00:08:17,800 receives their rewards. So that's described in the 133 00:08:17,800 --> 00:08:20,400 parable of the sheep and the goats, this is talking about a 134 00:08:20,407 --> 00:08:22,700 different judgment. We're talking here about what's 135 00:08:22,700 --> 00:08:26,500 called the particular judgment which occurs immediately after a 136 00:08:26,500 --> 00:08:29,100 person dies. So, after a person dies, their 137 00:08:29,100 --> 00:08:32,500 soul, Straight away either goes to the good place or the bad 138 00:08:32,500 --> 00:08:34,500 place. And that's what this particular 139 00:08:34,500 --> 00:08:37,799 Parable is talking about. So it's the Judgment of 140 00:08:37,799 --> 00:08:40,600 individual Souls straight after they die. 141 00:08:42,500 --> 00:08:45,100 So verse 9, Jesus said sorry verse 19. 142 00:08:45,100 --> 00:08:48,300 Jesus said to the Pharisees. Now, this is important who's 143 00:08:48,300 --> 00:08:51,500 Jesus audience here. It's the Pharisees that helps us 144 00:08:51,500 --> 00:08:55,700 work out what his main point is. So five verses earlier than this 145 00:08:55,700 --> 00:09:00,500 in verse 14 of Luke chapter, 19. Sorry, Luke chapter 16, where in 146 00:09:00,900 --> 00:09:05,100 verse 14 it specifically says the Pharisees are lovers of 147 00:09:05,100 --> 00:09:07,600 money. That's that's exactly what Luke 148 00:09:07,600 --> 00:09:11,100 says, the Pharisees are lovers of money and the verse before 149 00:09:11,100 --> 00:09:15,300 that verse 13 Jesus says you cannot love God and money. 150 00:09:15,800 --> 00:09:18,100 So we're right in this section here that deals with money. 151 00:09:18,300 --> 00:09:22,500 Jesus is directing the parable at the Pharisees because they're 152 00:09:22,500 --> 00:09:25,900 lovers of money. So here's what he says, there 153 00:09:25,900 --> 00:09:28,300 was a rich man. Now, this is an imaginary rich 154 00:09:28,300 --> 00:09:31,000 man. Probably not supposed to be a 155 00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:32,900 Pharisee. The Pharisees are not supposed 156 00:09:32,900 --> 00:09:34,700 to see them self as the rich man. 157 00:09:35,300 --> 00:09:40,100 And the reason for that is probably because Pharisees 158 00:09:40,100 --> 00:09:42,300 weren't exactly Rich. They didn't have a whole lot of 159 00:09:42,300 --> 00:09:45,000 money. They did like money, but they 160 00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:47,700 weren't Rich, whereas the Sadducees were quite Rich. 161 00:09:47,700 --> 00:09:51,100 So we're just thinking of a generic rich person here and 162 00:09:51,100 --> 00:09:53,600 he's probably warning the Pharisees that they don't want 163 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:56,800 to end up like Like this rich man and if they keep going down 164 00:09:56,800 --> 00:09:59,300 the path of they're going, they could end up the way of this 165 00:09:59,300 --> 00:10:02,500 rich man. So he hasn't got a name in the 166 00:10:02,500 --> 00:10:03,900 parable. Although, later Christian 167 00:10:03,900 --> 00:10:09,100 tradition would call This Man, dive, he's div es and that just 168 00:10:09,100 --> 00:10:12,000 means Rich. So if you see that word IVs, 169 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:14,800 that's the name that later tradition has given to this 170 00:10:15,400 --> 00:10:18,900 imaginary Richmond. There was a rich man clothed in 171 00:10:18,900 --> 00:10:22,100 purple and linen and feasted magnificently every day. 172 00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:25,100 So this is a man who has the very best of everything every 173 00:10:25,100 --> 00:10:29,300 single day. He's probably a good example of 174 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:34,400 if you remember the parable of the sower and there's four 175 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:38,400 different types of soil, one of the types of soil was the area 176 00:10:38,400 --> 00:10:42,200 that's choked by the riches and pleasures of life that's in 177 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:45,400 chapter 8 of Luke. So I think he's a good example 178 00:10:45,400 --> 00:10:49,000 of that. Interestingly earlier Jesus had 179 00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:53,600 described Herod Antipas, the king of in the area at the time. 180 00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:56,400 Using similar language. He says the king likes to feasts 181 00:10:56,400 --> 00:10:59,700 magnificently everyday. That's in chapter 7 of Luke. 182 00:11:01,100 --> 00:11:05,000 At his gate, lay a poor man. Do it was someone somewhat 183 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,400 common in that culture to have very poor people that were sort 184 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:10,900 of laying on the streets if they didn't have anyone to look after 185 00:11:10,900 --> 00:11:13,500 them. The fact that he's laying in 186 00:11:13,500 --> 00:11:15,600 this Parable suggest that he might be lame. 187 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:19,900 He can't walk. And this case notice his at the 188 00:11:19,900 --> 00:11:22,900 man's gate. Now, we shouldn't think of this. 189 00:11:22,900 --> 00:11:26,100 It's pretty easy to Picture This in terms of 21st century Gates 190 00:11:26,100 --> 00:11:29,200 as in like, you know, the gate to the President's White House 191 00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:31,600 or something, where there's a long driveway and then there's 192 00:11:31,600 --> 00:11:35,300 the gate separating the house. That's not what we're talking 193 00:11:35,300 --> 00:11:36,900 about here. There wouldn't be a long 194 00:11:36,900 --> 00:11:40,200 driveway, the poor man would be able to see the rich man. 195 00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:42,500 He's probably only a couple of meters away through the window 196 00:11:42,900 --> 00:11:44,900 and vice versa so they can see each other. 197 00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:49,000 The poor man is right in the rich man's line of sight. 198 00:11:49,600 --> 00:11:52,700 This is the key thing. Every day, he sees this poor 199 00:11:52,700 --> 00:11:55,100 man, every day he sees that the poor man needs food. 200 00:11:55,100 --> 00:11:56,800 We did doesn't do anything about it. 201 00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:02,000 He has no excuse, he's choosing not to feed this poor man who 202 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,600 obviously needs his help. So who are going to set up a 203 00:12:04,608 --> 00:12:07,700 parallel to this today, we're pretty much talking about a poor 204 00:12:07,700 --> 00:12:11,900 man sitting outside our own front door and we see him there 205 00:12:11,900 --> 00:12:14,000 every single day. That would be a parallel 206 00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:17,500 situation just to get a feel for, you know, the kind of 207 00:12:17,500 --> 00:12:19,800 selfishness that Jesus is talking about. 208 00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:23,500 So the poor man's name is Lazarus. 209 00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:26,900 Now, a lot has been said about this because in Parables, Jesus 210 00:12:26,900 --> 00:12:29,900 doesn't name people. This is the only Parable Jesus 211 00:12:29,900 --> 00:12:34,000 tells where the guy has a name. And for that reason, some people 212 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,700 think Jesus is not telling a parable, he's actually telling a 213 00:12:36,700 --> 00:12:41,000 true story of a real event that did occur in the afterlife with 214 00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:45,900 a real guy called Lazarus. It's possible but I think in the 215 00:12:45,900 --> 00:12:49,100 context it's more reasonable to think this is still a parable. 216 00:12:49,300 --> 00:12:52,700 It's just that Jesus has chosen the name Lazarus because it must 217 00:12:52,700 --> 00:12:56,500 have some significance. What some people have suggested 218 00:12:56,500 --> 00:13:01,100 is that because Lazarus is a derivative of the name alireza, 219 00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:04,400 there could be something in that because in the Old Testament, 220 00:13:04,400 --> 00:13:08,200 Abraham literally had a servant whose name was Eleazar. 221 00:13:08,300 --> 00:13:11,700 The so that's in Genesis chapter 15 and we're soon going to be 222 00:13:11,708 --> 00:13:15,800 introduced to Abraham in this story and it turns out that 223 00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:18,700 Lazarus is basically Abraham's servant. 224 00:13:20,500 --> 00:13:22,300 So that's one speculation about. Why? 225 00:13:22,300 --> 00:13:25,600 The rich man is called Lazarus, potentially could also be a 226 00:13:25,608 --> 00:13:29,800 reference to the fact that Jesus does raised a man from the dead 227 00:13:29,800 --> 00:13:32,200 called Lazarus. Although the connection between 228 00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:37,000 those two is not as clear. So he's covered with sores. 229 00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:39,800 So he might have some sort of skin condition, meaning his, you 230 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:43,000 know, the lowest of the low. He's a real outcast in society. 231 00:13:43,400 --> 00:13:46,700 Jesus here is setting up a picture of extreme richness and 232 00:13:46,700 --> 00:13:50,600 selfishness being contrasted with the very lowest of the low 233 00:13:50,600 --> 00:13:54,700 in society verse 21. He longed to feel himself with 234 00:13:54,700 --> 00:13:57,800 the scraps that fell from the rich man's table, so he can 235 00:13:57,800 --> 00:14:01,400 probably look through the guys window and can see him feasting 236 00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:04,300 every single day and he just Longs for evenness. 237 00:14:04,300 --> 00:14:08,100 Proper food. Now, this is going to contrast 238 00:14:08,100 --> 00:14:11,800 interestingly with what happens later because the rich man is 239 00:14:11,800 --> 00:14:15,200 going to, sorry. Instead of in this case, we have 240 00:14:15,200 --> 00:14:19,100 Lazarus longing for something. From the rich man, later in the 241 00:14:19,100 --> 00:14:21,700 parable, the rich man is going to long for something from 242 00:14:21,800 --> 00:14:26,400 Lazarus. Dogs even came and licked his 243 00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:28,300 sores. So here's the most humiliated 244 00:14:28,300 --> 00:14:30,600 person in society. Basically, even the dogs are 245 00:14:30,600 --> 00:14:35,400 licking, his saws, verse 23, eventually the poor man died and 246 00:14:35,400 --> 00:14:38,200 was carried away by angels to the bosom of Abraham. 247 00:14:38,500 --> 00:14:41,700 So his soul is taken to what's considered to be the place of 248 00:14:41,700 --> 00:14:45,000 comfort for the Jews. Now, he doesn't go to the good 249 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:47,800 place because he's poor. Let's keep that in mind. 250 00:14:47,800 --> 00:14:49,400 The parrot point in the parable is not. 251 00:14:49,700 --> 00:14:52,000 If you're rich, you go to hell. If you're poor, you go to 252 00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:56,300 heaven, the reason Lazarus. Is to the good place here is 253 00:14:56,300 --> 00:15:00,700 because he is righteous, and he suffers his self is in a 254 00:15:00,708 --> 00:15:02,700 righteous way, not because he's poor. 255 00:15:04,800 --> 00:15:06,800 The rich man also died, and was buried. 256 00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:08,900 So, apparently, no Angels. Help the rich, man. 257 00:15:08,900 --> 00:15:11,100 He just dies and goes to the bad place. 258 00:15:12,900 --> 00:15:14,800 So, now we enter into the part of the parable. 259 00:15:14,800 --> 00:15:19,500 That's been the subject of a lot of debate because it's not clear 260 00:15:19,500 --> 00:15:23,600 to the extent. That Jesus is Jesus affirming 261 00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:26,600 that this is the way the afterlife actually worked in his 262 00:15:26,600 --> 00:15:29,700 time. Is he / trying a picture of what 263 00:15:29,700 --> 00:15:34,000 the good place in the bad place actually look like or is he just 264 00:15:34,300 --> 00:15:35,900 tapped? Into the common Jewish way of 265 00:15:35,900 --> 00:15:38,100 thinking about it to make a point about money. 266 00:15:38,900 --> 00:15:42,200 I think it's more likely to say, he's just making a general point 267 00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:44,500 and he knows that the Jews have a certain way of looking at the 268 00:15:44,508 --> 00:15:47,500 afterlife and he's tapping into that and he's not trying to 269 00:15:47,500 --> 00:15:51,900 affirm any specific detail. However it could be true that 270 00:15:51,900 --> 00:15:54,500 this is how the afterlife worked in his time. 271 00:15:55,600 --> 00:16:00,900 Certainly Certainly there would be a good place in a bad place 272 00:16:00,900 --> 00:16:02,600 that is that part is certainly, right. 273 00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:09,500 So in his torment in Hades. So here we learn that the the 274 00:16:09,500 --> 00:16:12,400 wicked is in the wicked. People are in some sense 275 00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:16,700 tortured, even before the final Judgment Day, they're just here 276 00:16:18,100 --> 00:16:20,200 straight after their death or already being tortured and 277 00:16:20,200 --> 00:16:22,200 that's pretty significant. We shouldn't think that those 278 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:26,400 who are evil aren't tortured until the final judgement day, 279 00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:29,200 they're already in a sense tortured as soon as their sole, 280 00:16:29,900 --> 00:16:32,700 you know, leaves their body. Now, it's not clear. 281 00:16:32,700 --> 00:16:36,500 What kind of torture it is though, is this because he talks 282 00:16:36,500 --> 00:16:40,500 about Flames, is this a metaphor for Spiritual suffering, or does 283 00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:44,100 the person in the afterlife experience, some sort of bodily, 284 00:16:44,100 --> 00:16:46,900 physical suffering? We don't get an answer to that. 285 00:16:47,300 --> 00:16:51,100 So, in his torment in Hades, he looked and saw Abraham a long 286 00:16:51,100 --> 00:16:53,300 way off with Lazarus in his bosom. 287 00:16:53,500 --> 00:16:56,500 So the rich man is looking across, he can see the other 288 00:16:56,500 --> 00:16:59,700 compartment. He sees Abraham and Lazarus 289 00:16:59,700 --> 00:17:04,000 hanging out there. And he says to Father, Abraham 290 00:17:04,099 --> 00:17:05,900 notice that God isn't in this Parable. 291 00:17:05,900 --> 00:17:11,200 He's actually talking to Abraham father Abraham, all Jews honored 292 00:17:11,200 --> 00:17:13,500 Abraham and considered him to be their father. 293 00:17:13,700 --> 00:17:15,900 So, he yells out and says, Father Abraham. 294 00:17:16,300 --> 00:17:19,099 Now, interestingly, if you read earlier, in Luke John, the 295 00:17:19,099 --> 00:17:23,200 Baptist had already warned the Jews that it's not sufficient to 296 00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:26,000 just call Abraham your father, and assume that you're going to 297 00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:28,600 get into the kingdom. He said, you have to produce. 298 00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:31,700 Fruits are good. Fruits is evidence of repentance 299 00:17:32,100 --> 00:17:35,200 Which obviously this rich man hasn't so calling Abraham father 300 00:17:35,500 --> 00:17:39,400 is not going to mean anything, he says Pity Me. 301 00:17:40,700 --> 00:17:42,300 Now, notice what's going on here? 302 00:17:42,700 --> 00:17:48,000 This, the rich man is essentially praying to Abraham 303 00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:51,700 asking your request of Abraham his asking for the intercession 304 00:17:51,700 --> 00:17:53,900 of a dead person. So there could be a reference. 305 00:17:53,900 --> 00:17:56,100 Well, this could be used to support the Catholic, teaching 306 00:17:56,100 --> 00:17:59,200 on the intercession of those who have passed on. 307 00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:02,500 Although of course it's a parable and we can't take it 308 00:18:02,500 --> 00:18:03,200 too. Literally. 309 00:18:04,600 --> 00:18:09,800 He says, send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and 310 00:18:09,800 --> 00:18:12,100 cool. My tongue for, I am in agony in 311 00:18:12,100 --> 00:18:15,800 these Flames. So the Jews believe that the 312 00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:18,600 torture in Hades could be compared to the torture of being 313 00:18:18,600 --> 00:18:21,500 burned. Now whether the Jews actually 314 00:18:21,500 --> 00:18:25,300 believe there was real flames in Hades, not clear. 315 00:18:25,300 --> 00:18:28,400 But they certainly thought the torture was like being burnt by 316 00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:32,600 Flames, so not pleasant. Notice that the rich man is not 317 00:18:32,600 --> 00:18:37,400 asking. To actually doesn't even ask to 318 00:18:37,400 --> 00:18:40,900 come over to the good place. He seems to know full well that 319 00:18:40,900 --> 00:18:44,000 he's done the wrong thing and he belongs in the bad place, all 320 00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:47,000 he's asking for is just a momentary relief, just bring me 321 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:51,000 even a small bit of water to put on my tongue so that indicates 322 00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:52,800 just how bad the torment must be. 323 00:18:55,500 --> 00:18:58,700 But Abraham replies, he says, my son's that's kind of a tender 324 00:18:58,700 --> 00:19:00,700 way of responding. My son. 325 00:19:00,700 --> 00:19:04,000 Remember that during your life, good things came your way. 326 00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:09,100 So what Abraham appears to be saying to him here is I'm not 327 00:19:09,100 --> 00:19:11,700 going to allow you to have your tongue called you had. 328 00:19:11,700 --> 00:19:15,600 Plenty of good things already in your life that seems to be what 329 00:19:15,600 --> 00:19:18,800 he's saying. Now here we learned that Abraham 330 00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:21,000 has knowledge of this man's life. 331 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:24,500 He knows who the rich man is, and he knows that he had a very 332 00:19:24,500 --> 00:19:26,900 good prosperous life. So this might be another 333 00:19:26,900 --> 00:19:30,300 indicator that the Saints in heaven are aware of what is 334 00:19:30,300 --> 00:19:33,400 going on on Earth. Again, it's just a parable and 335 00:19:33,400 --> 00:19:35,800 we don't want to press it too, literally, but it's interesting 336 00:19:36,300 --> 00:19:40,600 that even Jesus is okay with, including this kind of idea, as 337 00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:44,600 part of his teaching that the dead are aware of what happens 338 00:19:44,600 --> 00:19:49,900 in people's lives on Earth. I just, as bad things, came the 339 00:19:49,900 --> 00:19:52,800 way of Lazarus. Now, he's being comforted and 340 00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:56,200 you were in agony. So Abraham wants. 341 00:19:56,200 --> 00:20:00,000 This is the first reason Abraham gives for why he says, no, I'm 342 00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:02,800 not going to send Lazarus to give you some water. 343 00:20:03,700 --> 00:20:06,800 The idea is he wants a rich man to recognize that there's an 344 00:20:06,800 --> 00:20:10,300 element of fairness in their current situation just as the 345 00:20:10,300 --> 00:20:13,500 rich man received good things in his life and Lazarus received 346 00:20:13,500 --> 00:20:15,800 bad things. Now the situation has been 347 00:20:15,800 --> 00:20:18,300 reversed so there's kind of like an element of Justice here. 348 00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:23,900 But Abraham is not saying he's not teaching you're here because 349 00:20:23,900 --> 00:20:25,400 you got good things in your life. 350 00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:27,600 That's not what Abraham saying he is. 351 00:20:27,600 --> 00:20:31,100 Just saying that the current situation is in a way Justified 352 00:20:32,700 --> 00:20:35,700 but now he makes the more fundamental Point verse 26, 353 00:20:35,700 --> 00:20:40,600 Abraham says to the rich man, but that is not all between us 354 00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:43,100 and you a great golf has been fixed. 355 00:20:44,100 --> 00:20:47,300 So the implication here is that God has fixed this great Chasm. 356 00:20:47,300 --> 00:20:50,600 This Great Gulf between the Place in the bad place between 357 00:20:50,600 --> 00:20:54,600 the two compartments between us and you, a great golf has been 358 00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:58,200 fixed to stop. Anyone if you wanted to Crossing 359 00:20:58,200 --> 00:21:03,700 from our side to yours, so the point Abraham's making is look 360 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:06,000 rich, man. Even if I wanted to help you 361 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:10,800 even if I agreed to send Lazarus over and dip, he's give you some 362 00:21:10,800 --> 00:21:14,400 water. I wouldn't be able to recant 363 00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:16,500 actually cross this Chasm. It won't work. 364 00:21:16,500 --> 00:21:18,000 God doesn't allow that to happen. 365 00:21:19,900 --> 00:21:23,500 So no one can cross from our side to yours and no one can 366 00:21:23,500 --> 00:21:26,800 cross from your side two hours. So here we have the Fairly 367 00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:29,300 strong teaching. I think that in the afterlife, 368 00:21:29,300 --> 00:21:32,000 your destiny is eternal. You can't cross from one 369 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:36,300 compartment to the other. Presumably, this is the same 370 00:21:36,300 --> 00:21:38,100 rule applies in heaven and hell as well. 371 00:21:39,400 --> 00:21:42,000 So you can't change it even if you want to. 372 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:44,900 That's Jesus teaching here. If you get to the afterlife, 373 00:21:44,900 --> 00:21:48,500 when you regret making the decisions that you made, which 374 00:21:48,500 --> 00:21:51,600 probably a lot of people in the bad place, would Jesus teaching 375 00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:54,500 is you can't actually get to the other compartment, even if you 376 00:21:54,500 --> 00:21:57,800 want to, why does Jesus add this detail into the parable? 377 00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:01,600 Because he wants the Pharisees to realize that the way they 378 00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:05,600 live their life has Eternal consequences and if they get to 379 00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:08,300 the afterlife and then they regret their decisions, it's too 380 00:22:08,300 --> 00:22:11,900 late. Verse 27. 381 00:22:11,900 --> 00:22:14,000 So the rich man seems to accept this reasoning. 382 00:22:14,300 --> 00:22:17,000 He realizes that his request isn't possible because of the 383 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:20,100 great Chasm. So he asks for a different 384 00:22:20,100 --> 00:22:23,400 request of Abraham. He says, Father Abraham, I beg 385 00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:29,600 you then to send Lazarus to my father's house Now, we need to 386 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:32,900 pause here. This is probably one reason why 387 00:22:32,900 --> 00:22:34,700 we can't take the parable to literally. 388 00:22:34,700 --> 00:22:38,200 Because if this was literally the case we'd have to say that 389 00:22:38,900 --> 00:22:42,700 Jesus believes that it's possible to send someone to come 390 00:22:42,700 --> 00:22:45,600 back from the dead and to preach to those who are alive. 391 00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:50,200 And that doesn't seem to be part of Christian teaching. 392 00:22:50,500 --> 00:22:55,100 So I don't think we want to say that Jesus wants to affirm that 393 00:22:55,100 --> 00:22:57,600 Abraham could, in fact, seven someone back from the dead to 394 00:22:57,600 --> 00:23:00,500 preach to the living because that's not that doesn't seem to 395 00:23:00,500 --> 00:23:04,300 be how the after Works. So if we are going to agree that 396 00:23:04,300 --> 00:23:06,500 Jesus doesn't want to teach that, then we probably have to 397 00:23:06,500 --> 00:23:08,500 say that this really is symbolic. 398 00:23:08,500 --> 00:23:11,900 It's a fictional scenario and it doesn't fully correspond to the 399 00:23:11,900 --> 00:23:16,100 way the afterlife works or rather worked in Jesus time. 400 00:23:17,300 --> 00:23:19,600 So it's just worth adding that in. 401 00:23:20,500 --> 00:23:23,200 He says batter. So back to the rich man father I 402 00:23:23,200 --> 00:23:26,200 beg you then to send Lazarus to my father's house since I have 403 00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:29,900 five brothers to give them warning lest they also come to 404 00:23:29,900 --> 00:23:33,600 this place of Torment. So he's got Brothers, Left Alive 405 00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:36,600 on Earth and he doesn't want his brothers to end up in the bad 406 00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:40,500 place as well. Now because of this verse some 407 00:23:40,500 --> 00:23:44,600 Catholic theologians have suggested that maybe the rich 408 00:23:44,600 --> 00:23:48,700 man is not in. If we use the word, hell, he's 409 00:23:48,700 --> 00:23:52,100 not in Hell or the bad place, he's actually in purgatory. 410 00:23:52,400 --> 00:23:56,600 And the reason they think that is because here, he she he seems 411 00:23:56,600 --> 00:24:00,400 to be showing genuine love and concern for his brothers on 412 00:24:00,400 --> 00:24:03,300 Earth. So, and you might think the 413 00:24:03,300 --> 00:24:05,200 people in hell can't really show that. 414 00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:08,500 And so, he's in purgatory. I don't think that's the right 415 00:24:08,500 --> 00:24:10,700 interpretation. I think that's ruled out, 416 00:24:10,700 --> 00:24:14,000 because of what Jesus said earlier in the parable where he 417 00:24:14,000 --> 00:24:16,300 says, you can't cross from one side to the other. 418 00:24:17,300 --> 00:24:20,500 According to Catholic, teaching you can cross from purgatory to 419 00:24:20,500 --> 00:24:22,400 heaven. In fact, people do it all the 420 00:24:22,408 --> 00:24:25,700 time if we understand Purgatory correctly. 421 00:24:26,600 --> 00:24:31,000 So I don't think it's possible to say that the rich man is 422 00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:31,800 impersonating. Tree. 423 00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:34,800 But I just put that out there to let you know that some quite 424 00:24:34,800 --> 00:24:37,300 respected. Theologians have suggested, this 425 00:24:37,300 --> 00:24:40,500 might be Purgatory. Rather than hell, I think it's 426 00:24:40,500 --> 00:24:43,400 more reasonable to think that this does correspond to what we 427 00:24:43,400 --> 00:24:46,700 think of, as the bad place, or how it's just that, this man is 428 00:24:47,400 --> 00:24:50,400 showing regret for the decisions he made in his life. 429 00:24:53,100 --> 00:24:59,000 Verse 29, notice Abraham's response to his request to send 430 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:02,500 Lazarus to his brothers. Abraham says they have Moses. 431 00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:04,800 And the prophets. Let them listen to them. 432 00:25:05,300 --> 00:25:07,700 So Moses and the prophets is like a metaphor for the Old 433 00:25:07,700 --> 00:25:10,300 Testament. So Abraham saying they have an 434 00:25:10,300 --> 00:25:14,000 Old Testament, they know their Old Testament, let them listen 435 00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:18,300 to it. Abraham says, if you listen to 436 00:25:18,300 --> 00:25:21,500 the Old Testament, that would be enough to keep them from coming 437 00:25:21,500 --> 00:25:24,700 to this place, that's quite profound, isn't it? 438 00:25:25,400 --> 00:25:28,400 Because well the Old Testament does teach pretty clearly that 439 00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:30,700 you should treat the poor well and you should use your money 440 00:25:30,700 --> 00:25:34,100 while and not use it selfishly. So Abraham says if you know you 441 00:25:34,100 --> 00:25:36,900 Old Testament you will know how to treat people and you'll 442 00:25:36,900 --> 00:25:40,600 believe it and you won't make decisions that will put you in 443 00:25:40,600 --> 00:25:44,500 hell. So here I think we can say Jesus 444 00:25:44,500 --> 00:25:48,200 is teaching that the scriptures even just the Old Testament 445 00:25:48,200 --> 00:25:50,600 itself. Is sufficient is enough 446 00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:54,200 information for a person to know how God expects them to live 447 00:25:54,200 --> 00:25:57,300 their life. So if a person reads the Old 448 00:25:57,300 --> 00:26:01,200 Testament and believes it will, then they won't, you know, the 449 00:26:01,200 --> 00:26:03,800 believes that in the sense of acting on it, then they won't 450 00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:05,900 actually end up in hell. That appears to be Jesus 451 00:26:05,900 --> 00:26:09,500 teaching here. Verse 30. 452 00:26:09,500 --> 00:26:14,900 So the rich man, tries one more run one more time here to get 453 00:26:14,900 --> 00:26:18,200 Abraham to send Lazarus to his brothers. 454 00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:20,800 He says, yes, but if someone comes to them from the dead, 455 00:26:20,808 --> 00:26:24,900 they will repent. Now I hear statements like 456 00:26:24,900 --> 00:26:28,100 personally, admire and life, I work as a secondary school 457 00:26:28,100 --> 00:26:31,800 teacher and in the re class, I hear this a lot from students. 458 00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:36,400 This is a very common attitude for people in the 21st century 459 00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:39,000 to have today, particularly young people, they say things 460 00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:44,000 like if I see a miracle, if God heals whatever or appears to me 461 00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:46,900 right now and give me a miraculous Vision, then I will 462 00:26:46,900 --> 00:26:51,100 believe that's actually very common So they won't believe the 463 00:26:51,100 --> 00:26:52,800 Bible if you tell them a Bible story. 464 00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:54,100 They'll say yeah, won't believe that. 465 00:26:54,100 --> 00:26:57,200 But if God Appears to me miraculously, then I'll believe 466 00:26:57,200 --> 00:26:58,900 the Bible and I will change my life. 467 00:26:59,300 --> 00:27:01,200 So they're looking for this miraculous sign. 468 00:27:02,800 --> 00:27:05,700 So that's a reasonable thing to say in a way. 469 00:27:06,300 --> 00:27:09,200 But the problem is and I will often say this to my students is 470 00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:13,600 we know that that's not the case, because there was plenty 471 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:16,600 of times in Jesus ministry where he did do miraculous things, 472 00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:20,100 people saw him do miraculous things even raising people from 473 00:27:20,100 --> 00:27:24,100 the dead and some people still weren't convinced, some people 474 00:27:24,100 --> 00:27:27,500 didn't turn to God, some people just got even angrier at Jesus. 475 00:27:28,300 --> 00:27:33,100 So, I think this verse speaks a lot to our culture today, if 476 00:27:33,100 --> 00:27:35,300 someone came to them from the dead, they will repent. 477 00:27:35,300 --> 00:27:38,900 Well, that's what people think, but human psychology doesn't 478 00:27:38,900 --> 00:27:42,700 work that way. And in fact, that's exactly what 479 00:27:42,700 --> 00:27:46,500 Jesus goes on to teach here. So, verse 31 Abraham says in the 480 00:27:46,508 --> 00:27:52,600 parable, If they will not listen to Moses or to the prophets, 481 00:27:52,600 --> 00:27:55,800 they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead. 482 00:27:56,500 --> 00:27:58,400 I think this is quite a phenomenal statement. 483 00:27:58,400 --> 00:28:00,600 Jesus knows how the human heart Works. 484 00:28:00,900 --> 00:28:03,700 He knows that people who don't listen to God's revelation in 485 00:28:03,700 --> 00:28:05,900 scripture, nothing's going to be enough for them. 486 00:28:05,900 --> 00:28:08,800 They're not going to listen even through Miracles, they're not 487 00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:11,900 going to believe, even if the most amazing Miracle is 488 00:28:11,900 --> 00:28:14,900 presented to them. So again, the clear teaching is 489 00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:18,700 the Revelation that God gives us in the scriptures is enough. 490 00:28:18,700 --> 00:28:20,300 And if you don't believe That you're not going to believe 491 00:28:20,300 --> 00:28:23,100 anything. Obviously, a lot more could be 492 00:28:23,100 --> 00:28:29,000 said about this as well. So that's the end of the parable 493 00:28:29,300 --> 00:28:31,900 and when we, whenever we finish Parables, we always want to ask 494 00:28:31,900 --> 00:28:34,100 ourselves because there's a lot of details. 495 00:28:34,100 --> 00:28:37,000 We can get caught up in, what's the overall point chooses was 496 00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:39,300 trying to communicate to his original audience? 497 00:28:40,700 --> 00:28:43,300 I Think Jesus is trying to teach the people, particularly the 498 00:28:43,300 --> 00:28:47,700 Pharisees, firstly, that the way they use their money and the way 499 00:28:47,700 --> 00:28:51,200 they treat their poor will be what determines the Eternal 500 00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:57,300 Destiny, not their Jewish heritage In the light of part of 501 00:28:57,300 --> 00:29:00,500 the parable, I think he makes a second point, which is this. 502 00:29:01,100 --> 00:29:04,000 Once you're in the afterlife he can't change your destiny even 503 00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:06,900 if you want to. So Jesus is trying to emphasize 504 00:29:06,900 --> 00:29:10,500 to the Pharisees and the crowds as a whole it's important that 505 00:29:10,500 --> 00:29:14,500 you change your ways now and start to use your money for the 506 00:29:14,508 --> 00:29:16,800 purposes of the kingdom and not in a selfish way. 507 00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:21,000 Otherwise you could end up in the bad place just like the man 508 00:29:21,100 --> 00:29:25,800 in the parable was So that's out exegesis of the text. 509 00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:28,600 This is come up quite a lot in Catholic teaching. 510 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:31,700 And so it's found in a few really interesting and quite 511 00:29:31,700 --> 00:29:33,500 clear paragraphs of the catechism. 512 00:29:33,500 --> 00:29:36,600 So I'd like to read a few of them out for you paragraph. 3, 513 00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:38,800 36 has a discussion about angels. 514 00:29:38,800 --> 00:29:43,600 It says from the beginning of Life until death human life is 515 00:29:43,600 --> 00:29:47,500 surrounded by the watchful care and intercession of angels 516 00:29:48,700 --> 00:29:52,300 beside each believer stands an angel as protector and Shepherd, 517 00:29:52,300 --> 00:29:56,300 leading him Life already here on Earth, the Christian Life, 518 00:29:56,300 --> 00:30:00,100 shares by faith in the Blessed company of angels and Men United 519 00:30:00,100 --> 00:30:05,000 in God. Paragraph 28, 31 starts to link 520 00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:08,400 this to the way we treat people. This is in the discussion about 521 00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:11,700 the, Our Father. It says the presence of those 522 00:30:11,700 --> 00:30:15,500 who hunger because they lack bread opens up another profound. 523 00:30:15,500 --> 00:30:19,300 Meaning of this petition, the drama of hunger in the world 524 00:30:19,300 --> 00:30:22,700 calls Christians, who pray sincerely to exercise 525 00:30:22,700 --> 00:30:26,100 responsibility toward their Brethren, both in their personal 526 00:30:26,100 --> 00:30:28,400 behavior, and in their solidarity, with the Human 527 00:30:28,400 --> 00:30:30,900 family. This petition of the Lord's 528 00:30:30,900 --> 00:30:33,600 Prayer, cannot be isolated. it from The Parables of the Poor 529 00:30:33,600 --> 00:30:39,500 Man Lazarus and of The Last Judgement So here, right in the 530 00:30:39,500 --> 00:30:41,900 midst of a discussion about the, Our Father, we have the clear 531 00:30:41,900 --> 00:30:46,200 Catholic teaching that some people are quite poor and they 532 00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:49,200 really do need physical bread and as Christians, we have a 533 00:30:49,200 --> 00:30:52,400 responsibility to feed them. That's certainly one of the 534 00:30:52,400 --> 00:30:55,200 points of the parable of Lazarus and the rich man. 535 00:30:56,700 --> 00:30:59,100 Now we get down to some really concrete teachings. 536 00:30:59,100 --> 00:31:03,500 So paragraph 10 to 1 talks about the particular judgment which is 537 00:31:03,500 --> 00:31:06,300 the Judgment each person experiences immediately after 538 00:31:06,300 --> 00:31:09,600 death. Death puts an end to human life 539 00:31:09,700 --> 00:31:12,700 as the time open to either accepting or rejecting the 540 00:31:12,708 --> 00:31:16,500 divine grace. Manifested in Christ, the New 541 00:31:16,500 --> 00:31:19,600 Testament speaks of judgment primarily in its aspect of the 542 00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:22,200 final encounter with Christ in his second coming. 543 00:31:22,800 --> 00:31:25,800 But also repeatedly affirms that each will be rewarded 544 00:31:25,800 --> 00:31:28,900 immediately after death in accordance with his works and 545 00:31:28,900 --> 00:31:31,400 Faith. The parable of the Poor Man, 546 00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:34,900 Lazarus, and the power, and the words of Christ on the cross to 547 00:31:34,900 --> 00:31:37,400 the good thief, as well as others. 548 00:31:37,600 --> 00:31:41,600 Testament, texts speak of a final Destiny of the Soul, a 549 00:31:41,600 --> 00:31:45,300 destiny, which can be different for some and for others. 550 00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:51,300 Paragraph 6, 3 3, we have a discussion about where Jesus 551 00:31:51,300 --> 00:31:54,400 went for the three days after his death. 552 00:31:54,800 --> 00:31:57,300 Here's what it says. Scripture calls the Abode of the 553 00:31:57,300 --> 00:32:01,100 Dead to went to which the dead Christ went down. 554 00:32:01,500 --> 00:32:05,400 Hell, she all in Hebrew or Hades in Greek. 555 00:32:05,800 --> 00:32:08,900 Because those who are, there are deprived of the vision of God, 556 00:32:09,700 --> 00:32:12,900 such is the case for all the dead weather, evil, or righteous 557 00:32:13,300 --> 00:32:16,200 while they are awake. The Redeemer, which does not 558 00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:20,000 mean that their lot is As Jesus shows through the parable of the 559 00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:23,400 Poor Man Lazarus, who was received into Abraham's bosom? 560 00:32:24,700 --> 00:32:28,100 It is precisely those holy souls, who awaited their savior 561 00:32:28,100 --> 00:32:32,400 in Abraham's bosom, who the Christ whom Christ, the Lord 562 00:32:32,400 --> 00:32:36,900 delivered, when he descended into hell Jesus did not descend 563 00:32:36,900 --> 00:32:40,100 into hell to deliver the Damned nor to destroy the hell of 564 00:32:40,100 --> 00:32:42,600 damnation. But to free the just who had 565 00:32:42,600 --> 00:32:46,500 gone before him. So, this is a really important 566 00:32:46,500 --> 00:32:49,500 teaching, in understanding where Jesus went for the three days 567 00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:52,700 because there's a lot of confusion about it. 568 00:32:52,700 --> 00:32:55,700 Did Jesus, go to hell to bring people out of hell to give 569 00:32:55,700 --> 00:32:58,200 people a second chance? No, this paragraph. 570 00:32:58,200 --> 00:33:02,400 Clearly teaches. That before, Jesus, everyone 571 00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:04,800 went to the same place, which is Hades and that had two 572 00:33:04,800 --> 00:33:08,500 compartments. And when Jesus died for the 573 00:33:08,500 --> 00:33:10,900 three days, after his death, he went down to the good 574 00:33:10,900 --> 00:33:14,500 compartment and those Souls who had lived a good virtuous. 575 00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:19,100 In the bosom of Abraham, he brought them with himself into 576 00:33:19,100 --> 00:33:22,400 heaven in his resurrection. So that's a really interesting 577 00:33:22,400 --> 00:33:26,000 teaching, which is not entirely explicit in the Bible, but which 578 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:29,200 the church fathers were really clear on and the Catholic church 579 00:33:29,200 --> 00:33:35,800 is really clear on as well. Paragraph 1859. 580 00:33:35,800 --> 00:33:38,800 This is our last one has a discussion about what it means 581 00:33:39,200 --> 00:33:43,400 to have a mortal sin and this is a really interesting one, mortal 582 00:33:43,400 --> 00:33:46,100 sin requires, full knowledge and complete consent. 583 00:33:46,500 --> 00:33:50,300 It presupposes knowledge of the sinful character of the act of 584 00:33:50,300 --> 00:33:54,200 its opposition to God's law. It also implies a consent, 585 00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:56,800 sufficient sufficiently deliberate to be a personal 586 00:33:56,800 --> 00:34:00,100 choice, feigned ignorance, and Hardness of Heart. 587 00:34:00,100 --> 00:34:03,300 Do not diminish, but rather increase the voluntary. 588 00:34:03,900 --> 00:34:07,200 Of a sin. So that's really interesting. 589 00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:10,100 So the paragraph tells us that mortal sin requires full 590 00:34:10,100 --> 00:34:13,800 knowledge and complete consent, but then it goes on to talk 591 00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:16,400 about feigned ignorance and Hardness of Heart. 592 00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:21,800 So, as in turning away, when we know something is wrong, or, you 593 00:34:21,800 --> 00:34:24,199 know, closing out use because we don't want to hear that. 594 00:34:24,199 --> 00:34:27,000 Something is wrong, having a Hardness of Heart. 595 00:34:27,500 --> 00:34:30,000 And it actually that phrase, they're actually refers. 596 00:34:30,300 --> 00:34:32,199 It makes a reference to this Parable. 597 00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:36,400 So just as the A rich man had feigned ignorance and Hardness 598 00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:38,000 of Heart. He probably knew what he should 599 00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:41,100 have been doing in his life. The Catholic Church's teaching 600 00:34:41,100 --> 00:34:44,199 is that does not diminish, our responsibility, Hardness of 601 00:34:44,199 --> 00:34:48,500 Heart in that sense of being voluntarily ignorant actually 602 00:34:48,500 --> 00:34:51,300 makes us more culpable not less culpable. 603 00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:55,600 So a whole lot of really interesting teachings from this 604 00:34:55,600 --> 00:34:58,200 particular Gospel reading. Today, I'll include always 605 00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:01,200 paragraphs in the show notes. Thanks for listening to this 606 00:35:01,300 --> 00:35:03,000 podcast. It's a bit of a longer one but I 607 00:35:03,008 --> 00:35:06,100 think it's worth it because it's a really difficult Parable. 608 00:35:06,700 --> 00:35:09,500 If you think others would appreciate hearing this exegesis 609 00:35:09,500 --> 00:35:11,600 of the rich man and Lazarus, I'd love it. 610 00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:15,100 If you could share it with them and please send in any questions 611 00:35:15,100 --> 00:35:19,600 you have to the email address. Logical Bible study at gmail.com 612 00:35:20,200 --> 00:35:22,500 or you could leave a voicemail. Message. 613 00:35:22,500 --> 00:35:25,500 And the link for that is in the show notes to thanks for 614 00:35:25,500 --> 00:35:26,000 listening.