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Hi everyone, welcome back to the
logical. 

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Bible study podcast. 
Thank you for tuning in again. 

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This is the podcast where we 
look at the Gospel, reading from

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the massive today, and we really
want to do a thorough exegesis 

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on the text. 
We want to pull it apart. 

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So we can understand what the 
author was trying to get at 

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today. 
We're looking at John chapter 20

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verses 19 to 23. 
In the evening of that same day,

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the first day of the week, the 
doors were closed in the room 

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where the disciples were for 
fear of the Jews. 

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Jesus came and stood among them.
He said to them, peace be with 

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you and show them his hands and 
his side. 

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The disciples were filled with 
joy. 

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When they saw the Lord and he 
said to them, again. 

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Peace be with you. 
As the father sent me. 

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So I am sending you. 
After saying this he breathed on

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them and said receive the holy 
spirit for those whose sins you 

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forgive. 
They are forgiven for those 

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whose sins you retain they are 
retained. 

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So let's start by thinking about
the context. 

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So, it's Easter Sunday morning. 
Mary Magdalene has already been 

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to the tomb and she seen Jesus 
in the form of the Garda, and 

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she runs back and tells the 
apostles that all happens in 

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John chapter 20. 
So what we're going to see in 

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our passage today, if you add it
all up. 

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This is the fifth appearance of 
Jesus after his resurrection, 

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and it's on the very same day. 
It's later on Easter Sunday. 

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Now, one thing that's worth 
pointing out is this passage is 

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read every year on Pentecost, 
Sunday. 

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Now that can be a bit 
misleading. 

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In fact, it has misled the some 
Scholars, and perhaps, you might

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have even heard some priests 
say, this, that this passage is 

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John's version of Pentecost, as 
in John, was intending to write 

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this to tell us that this is 
Pentecost day. 

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And this is what happened at 
Pentecost. 

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And obviously, it's quite 
different from Luke's account of

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the Pentecost. 
In the book of Acts, it is not 

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correct to say that John here is
describing his version of the 

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Pentecost. 
That is just bad scholarship. 

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Pentecost is the event that's 
talked about in the book of Acts

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and that occurs after Jesus 
Ascension. 

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This events that we're looking 
at. 

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Although, it does involve Jesus 
giving the holy spirit. 

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It's a different kind of giving 
in the Holy Spirit. 

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And more importantly. 
It happens at a different time. 

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This event that we're going to 
see today happen. 

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Ins before Jesus Ascension. 
In fact, it's on Easter Sunday. 

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It's a completely different 
outpouring of the spirit than 

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what occurs at Pentecost. 
In fact, the catechism actually 

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says that, these are two 
separate events. 

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There's a passage in the 
catechism that will look at 

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where it says that. 
So, if you hear anyone saying 

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that this is John's version of 
Pentecost, you can politely 

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Point them towards the, the 
catechism where the Catholic 

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Church clearly teaches that we 
understand this to be two 

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separate events. 
So verse 19 in the evening of 

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that same day, the first day of 
the week. 

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It's Easter Sunday. 
They call that Sunday. 

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The first day of the week in 
that culture. 

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The doors were closed in the 
room where the disciples were 

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for fear of the Jews. 
So the disciples in some big 

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room in Jerusalem, and they're 
afraid that the Jewish 

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authorities are going to come 
and get them. 

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Think about this state of mind. 
The disciples are probably in 

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shock. 
After they've seen the Jewish 

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authorities, put Jesus to death,
and they're probably worried 

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that the Jews will want to get 
rid of them, his followers as 

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well. 
But while they're in the room 

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with the door closed, Jesus came
and stood among them. 

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Now, even though the doors are 
locked somehow, Jesus appears 

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out of nowhere in the room. 
And this is the Fulfillment of 

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many of the promises that he's 
given to them earlier. 

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He said, to the apostles and 
chapter 14. 

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I will come back to you. 
So this is the Fulfillment of 

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that and the first thing he says
to them is peace be with you. 

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He knows that they will be in 
shock. 

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So he gives them a friendly. 
Greeting. 

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And the word here for peace is 
the Hebrew Shalom. 

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And obviously if you know your 
Bible there's a lot packed into 

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that. 
It basically has strong 

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connotations about 
reconciliation between God and 

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man, which is what Jesus has 
come to bring. 

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He showed his hands and his 
side. 

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So he wants to prove to them 
that he's not a ghost. 

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We that's becomes clear. 
If you look at Luke's version of

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this appearance of Jesus. 
He wants them to know that he's 

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not a ghost. 
You can route read. 

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Luke 24:4 that the disciples 
were filled with joy when they 

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saw the Lord. 
So, finally, this group of 

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apostles who hadn't believed up 
to an hour. 

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They finally believe late on 
Easter Sunday, evening, and 

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there are Overjoyed, they 
realize that Truly has risen 

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bodily. 
Now, Jesus now gives them a 

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commission. 
He kind of changes the topic 

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here a bit. 
And the Commissioners will see, 

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is to forgive sins in his name. 
Verse 21 as the father sends me,

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so I am sending you. 
This is an important verse, the 

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son. 
Jesus was sent by the father. 

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We know that from John chapter 
12. 

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Now, Jesus, the son is going to 
send the apostles to continue 

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the same mission that he was 
given from the father. 

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So the apostles mission is 
actually an extension of the 

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sun's mission that he was given 
from the father. 

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And in particular, the mission 
that he's thinking of is the one

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about forgiving sins early in 
the gospels. 

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We see that the father has given
the sun power on Earth to 

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forgive sins. 
Now, this power is going to 

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transfer to the apostles 
themselves. 

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Verse 22 after saying this, he 
breathed on them and said 

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receive the Holy Spirit. 
Now, this is a special gift 

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personally given from Jesus 
directly to the apostles. 

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It's not given to all believers.
It's given to the apostles and 

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he breathes on them. 
Very physical language and that 

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recalls especially Genesis 2:7 
where God breathes new life into

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man. 
So in a sense by breathing on 

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them, Jesus signifies that he's 
passing on the authority that he

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has. 
It's kind of similar to laying 

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on of hands. 
As part of this new creation, 

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his breathing New Life. 
He's transferring his own power 

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to forgive sins into the 
apostles. 

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So it's really cool. 
There's a lot of imagery coming 

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together here. 
Now, the Holy Spirit. 

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He it says he said to them, 
receive the Holy Spirit. 

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The Holy Spirit has been 
mentioned before, and 

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particularly Jesus, baptism the 
holy the Holy Spirit. 

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Overshadows Jesus. 
Now, it's being imparted from 

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Jesus to the apostles as a gift 
for the first time. 

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This is the first time where the
apostles as a group get exposed 

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to the Holy Spirit. 
Now it's worth mentioning at 

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this point. 
That this is not Pentecost. 

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You'll see some Progressive 
Scholars saying that this is 

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John's version of the Pentecost 
event. 

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This is not the Pentecost event.
The Punic Pentecost event 

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happens much later in the book 
of Acts. 

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And in fact, the catechism makes
it clear as will see that this 

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is not the Pentecost event. 
This is a different outpouring 

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of the spirit. 
And this is what Jesus says to 

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them. 
This is his commission verse 23.

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I'll read the whole phrase for 
her. 

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Sins. 
You forgive. 

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They are forgiven for whose 
sins. 

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You retain. 
They are retained. 

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Now, this is a very significant 
verse for Catholic theology and 

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one that we need to talk about 
more. 

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I think. 
So, for whose sins you forgive. 

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They are forgiven. 
Remember, Jesus is saying this 

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to the apostles, the context, 
and the Greek text here, 

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indicates that the apostles 
themselves. 

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Now, I've been given binding and
loosing Authority for 

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forgiveness of sins. 
Sometimes you'll see other 

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non-catholic Christians, try and
explain this verse by saying 

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that. 
What Jesus is saying is that 

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essentially God is going to 
forgive sins and then the 

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apostles are going to detect it.
And then the apostles will just 

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know and then they'll pass that 
information on to people. 

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That's not what the context is 
suggesting. 

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What's going on? 
Here is the other way around. 

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Jesus is saying that, if the 
apostles determine that, 

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someone's sins should be 
forgiven, then God will forgive 

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them. 
That's what Jesus is saying. 

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It's not that God, forgives 
someone first and then the 

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apostles learn about it. 
That's not what the Greek text 

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is saying. 
The Greek is making it clear 

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that the apostles themselves 
have the power to forgive sins, 

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because Jesus has given them 
that power. 

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So, here's how it's going to 
work in. 

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Practice is what Jesus is 
saying. 

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When the apostles choose to 
forgive. 

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Someone sins. 
God will forgive their sins. 

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God will ratify their decision. 
And this is an extension of the 

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binding and loosing that Jesus 
had already given them earlier 

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in Matthew chapter 16, and then 
the second half of this phrase 

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is for who sin. 
You retain, they are retained. 

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So notice Jesus also gives the 
power to the apostles to refuse,

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forgiveness of people in certain
situations. 

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He's saying that in certain 
situations. 

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If you choose, not to forgive 
someone sins, then God won't 

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forgive their sins. 
Either. 

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This is strong language, but it 
seems to be what Jesus is 

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saying. 
And notice again, the clear 

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Biblical teaching here. 
The Forgiveness of sins is not 

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automatic. 
It's not guaranteed. 

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There's certain things we have 
to do to get forgiveness of Ins 

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Christians, some Christians. 
Don't like that teaching, but we

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need to be clear that it does 
appear to be biblical. 

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Now, one interesting bit of 
information that comes from 

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this, if you think about it, if 
Jesus is saying to the apostles,

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you now have the power to 
forgive sins, the practice of 

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confession as Catholics, think 
of it, that has changed 

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throughout the ages. 
What the confessional looks like

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has changed. 
How a person approaches a priest

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to get forgiveness has changed 
in the Catholic Church, 

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throughout 2000 years, but 
Scholars point out that this 

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passage at least at a minimum. 
Implies that if Jesus. 

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Specs his Apostles to do some 
sort of confession. 

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To do some sort of confession 
setup. 

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Because how else are they going 
to know? 

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Whether to forgive someone sins?
If they don't know what the sins

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are you notice? 
You see that? 

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They're so Jesus is sort of 
implying that in the future. 

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People are going to have to tell
the apostles their sins because 

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how can the apostles forgive 
their sins? 

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If they don't know what they 
are. 

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So there's a subtle hint here 
that Jesus is setting up the 

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sacrament of reconciliation or 
confession. 

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Now usually the Catholic Church 
doesn't provide an official 

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interpretation of any biblical. 
Text. 

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Usually it leaves it up to 
Scholars to work out what the 

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most likely meaning is. 
And in this podcast, we talk 

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about different interpretations 
of texts. 

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But this passage John 20:23 that
we're looking at. 

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The church has officially given 
a pronouncement on what it means

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at least at a minimum. 
So at the Council of Trent in 

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the 16th century, the church 
defines this Passage and they 

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said that it means this is the 
institution of the sacrament of 

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penance. 
Here's a quote from the Council 

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of Trent about this passage. 
The Lord instituted the 

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sacrament of penance 
principally. 

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When after his resurrection, he 
breathed upon his disciples and 

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said receive the Holy Spirit. 
If you forgive the sins of any, 

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they are forgiven, if you retain
the sins of any they are 

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retained. 
So that's the quote from the 

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Council of Trent and the 
universal teaching of the 

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father's has always acknowledged
that by such a Sublime action. 

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And by such clear words the 
power of forgiving and retaining

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sins was given to the apostles 
and their lawful successors. 

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The Bishops for reconciling the 
faithful who have fallen after 

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baptism. 
So that's been the constant 

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teaching of the church is that 
at this moment in the room in 

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Jerusalem, Jesus gives Them, the
power to do confession and to 

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forgive sins. 
So there's a lot in that. 

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So where does the catechism 
refer to this everywhere? 

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It's all over the place. 
This passage from John chapter 

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20, we can't cover all of the 
passages, but I want to 

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highlight some of the ones which
are most relevant. 

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So, paragraph 645. 
We have a discussion here about 

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Christ risen Humanity. 
It says by means of touch and 

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the sharing of a meal, the Risen
Jesus establishes direct contact

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with his disciples. 
He invites them in this way to 

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recognize that he is not a ghost
and above all to verify, the 

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Risen body in which he appears 
to them. 

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Is the same body that had been 
tortured and crucified for it. 

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Still Bears, the traces of his 
passion, yet at the same time, 

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this authentic, real body. 
Possesses the new properties of 

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a glorious body. 
Not limited by space and time 

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but able to be present how, and 
when he Wills For Christ's 

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Humanity can no longer be 
confined to Earth and belongs. 

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Henceforth only to the father's 
Divine Realm. 

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So we see both aspects of that 
paragraph in our passage today. 

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We see the marks of Jesus 
physical body and we see the 

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fact that he can appear and 
disappear at will after his 

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resurrection. 
Then, there's a lot said, in the

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catechism, a lot said about when
Jesus breathed on them and gives

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them the power to forgive sins. 
Paragraph 1, 120 is about the 

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sacraments and it says, the 
ordained priesthood guarantees. 

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That it really is Christ who 
acts in the, sacraments through 

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the holy spirit for the church. 
The saving Mission entrusted by 

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the father to his incarnate. 
Son was committed to the 

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apostles, and through them, to 
their successes. 

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They receive the spirit of 
Jesus. 

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Act in his name and he in his 
person. 

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So that's important to keep in 
mind the apostles, act, in Jesus

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name, and the Bishops, their 
successors continued to do that.

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Paragraph 1441 is in the 
discussion about her. 

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Only God forgives sins. 
It says, only God, forgives 

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sins. 
But since he is the Son of God, 

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Jesus says of himself, the son 
of man has Authority on Earth to

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forgive sins and exercises. 
This divine power by saying, 

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your sins are forgiven further, 
by virtue of his Divine 

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Authority. 
He gives this power to men to 

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exercise in his name. 
So that paragraph in the 

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catechism confirms what we said 
in the podcast about Jesus 

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received the power to forgive 
sins from the father. 

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And he passes that power here in
John chapter, 20 onto the 

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apostles paragraph. 858 is a 
discussion about the apostles 

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that says Jesus is the Father's 
Emissary from the beginning of 

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his ministry. 
He called to him, Those whom he 

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desired and he appointed twelve 
whom he named Apostles to be 

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with him and to be sent out to 
preach. 

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From then on, they would also be
his emissaries, Greek. 

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Apostille oi in them, Christ 
continues, his own mission 

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quote, as the father has sent me
even, so I send you The apostles

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Ministry is the continuation of 
his mission. 

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Jesus said to the twelve, he who
receives you receives me. 

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So that last bit there about to 
help the apostles continued 

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Jesus mission explains a lot of 
the book of Acts. 

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A lot of people say, the book of
Acts is basically the Fifth 

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Gospel because it continues what
Jesus was doing. 

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Paragraph 976 is a discussion 
about forgiving sins. 

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It says the Apostles Creed 
Associates faith in the 

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Forgiveness of Sins. 
Not only with faith in the Holy 

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Spirit, but also with faith in 
the church and in the community 

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00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:30,200
of saints, it was when he gave 
the Holy Spirit, to his Apostles

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that the Risen Christ, conferred
on them, his own divine power to

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forgive sins. 
Receive the Holy Spirit. 

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If you forgive the sins of any, 
they are forgiven, if you retain

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the sins of any they are 
retained. 

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So again, that passage courts, 
John chapter 20, as the moment, 

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in which Jesus gives them the 
power to forgive sins. 

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There's a couple more paragraphs
in there as well. 

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And then in paragraph 1287 we 
have a discussion about 

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00:16:58,800 --> 00:17:00,900
confirmation the Sacrament of 
Confirmation. 

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It says the fullness of the 
spirit was not to remain 

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00:17:04,599 --> 00:17:08,300
uniquely the messiah's but was 
to be communicated to the whole 

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00:17:08,300 --> 00:17:12,800
Messianic people on several 
occasions Christ promised, this 

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00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:16,000
outpouring of the spirit A 
promise, which he fulfilled 

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00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:20,000
first on Easter Sunday, and then
more strikingly at Pentecost. 

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So, again, that confirms what we
said earlier on Easter Sunday, 

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what we saw here in John chapter
20, it's the first outpouring of

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the spirit from Jesus to the 
apostles. 

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00:17:30,300 --> 00:17:33,200
And then later at Pentecost. 
There's a second outpouring and 

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00:17:33,200 --> 00:17:38,100
they have different purposes. 
So this passage from John 

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chapter 20 is really important 
as you can see for Catholic 

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00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:44,900
theology. 
That is the end of today's 

315
00:17:44,900 --> 00:17:46,500
discussion. 
If you've learned something new 

316
00:17:46,500 --> 00:17:49,000
and you think others would 
benefit, please share it with 

317
00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:51,100
them. 
I will be really grateful and 

318
00:17:51,100 --> 00:17:53,900
consider becoming a patron. 
There's all sorts of awesome 

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exclusive available to you. 
Please have a look at the show 

320
00:17:57,600 --> 00:18:00,200
notes to get more information 
about how you can get access to 

321
00:18:00,200 --> 00:18:04,200
those exclusive episodes and 
other resources. 

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And all of that information is 
In the show notes, we'll see you

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00:18:08,100 --> 00:18:10,600
again tomorrow. 
As we begin something you were 

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00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:12,900
going to go back to the gospel 
of Mark. 

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00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,600
It's been awhile, since we've 
been going through the gospel of

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00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:18,900
Mark, but now we finally get to 
return to it and that will be 

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00:18:18,900 --> 00:18:21,700
good to have some regularity 
back in the way that we move 

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00:18:21,700 --> 00:18:24,400
through the gospels. 
So, please tune in again 

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00:18:24,400 --> 00:18:25,000
tomorrow.