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Hi everyone. 
Welcome back to the logical. 

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Bible study, the mass reading 
today is from Mark, chapter 12, 

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verses 35 to 37. 
So as we always do in this 

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podcast, will start by reading 
out that gospel passage and then

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we'll have a go at looking at 
the literal sense of the text. 

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And that's what We want to do in
this podcast is work out. 

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What the original author was 
trying to convey to his original

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audience. 
So and that's always where we 

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should start as Catholics when 
we want to understand what God 

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is trying to communicate to us 
in his word. 

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So Mark chapter 12 verses 35 to 
37. 

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At that time, while teaching in 
the temple, Jesus said how can 

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the scribes maintain that the 
Christ is the son of David, 

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David himself, moved by the holy
spirit. 

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Said, the Lord said to my Lord, 
sit at my right hand and I will 

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put your enemies under your 
feet. 

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David himself calls him. 
Lord in what way, then can he be

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his son? 
And the great majority of the 

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people heard this with delight, 
So a really interesting passage 

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and a short one, it's only three
versus long, but from this, we 

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learn a lot about Jesus view of 
scripture about the Jewish view 

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of scripture and about David as 
well. 

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So there's a lot of really 
interesting things going on 

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here. 
But as always, we want to start 

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by asking ourselves, what's the 
context? 

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So Jesus has been arguing with 
the Pharisees, the Sadducees, 

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and the scribes in the temple 
earlier, in Mark, chapter 12 and

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they have all been trying to 
trap him. 

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And we know that there's a large
crowd of people watching verse 

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35. 
We starting at today, says, at 

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that time, while teaching in the
temple. 

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So, we're continuing in the 
previous section. 

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Jesus is continuing to teach in 
the temple. 

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This is in the final week of his
life. 

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It's probably likely that he 
also preached other things in 

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the temple on this day, but 
they're not recorded and it's 

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important to keep that in mind. 
We don't have a complete record 

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of Everything. 
Jesus, preached, So Jesus is now

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going to ask the crowd, a 
question to get them, thinking 

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about the Messiah, and his 
relationship with David. 

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So, rather than being prompted 
by one of the Jewish leaders, he

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takes the initiative here and 
asks the crowd a question. 

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How can the scribes maintain 
that? 

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The Christ is the son of David, 
So, the scribes, we saw them in 

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the last few passages here, but 
they are the ones who teach 

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people about the Old Testament 
directly. 

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They are professionally trained 
theologians, they were teaching,

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a common Jewish people that the 
Christ or Messiah. 

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The word means, the same thing, 
would be the son of David. 

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That's what they expected the 
Messiah to be the son of David 

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now, that is indeed taught in 
the Old Testament. 

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If you look at second Samuel 7, 
verses 12 to 14. 

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It's pretty clear that it's in 
there, and also Jesus, Has 

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accepted this title in. 
If you look at 10:47, 248 of the

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Gospel of Mark Jesus himself, 
accepts that title. 

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So he's not denying that. 
The Messiah is the son of David,

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but he is going to highlight an 
aspect of this that they have 

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overlooked Now when Jesus says, 
how can the scribes maintain its

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not, how in the sense of denial 
it's he's asking a genuine 

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question to the crowd. 
He wants them to think about how

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Now, notice in this passage, 
Jesus does not identify himself 

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as the Messiah. 
He doesn't say how can the 

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scribes maintain that I am the 
son of David. 

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He just says the Messiah is the 
son of David. 

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So, in this particular spot, his
teaching the people about the 

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Messiah in general without 
calling himself. 

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The Messiah though, probably 
with a view that the crowd would

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hopefully realize through his 
teaching here, that he is the 

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Messiah that he's describing 
verse 36 and Now, he's going to 

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mention here, the holy spirit, 
it's important. 

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To realize the Jews did believe 
in the Holy Spirit. 

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It is mentioned in the Old 
Testament, although only really 

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in the later books, such as the 
book of wisdom, mentions, the 

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old test, mentions the Holy 
Spirit, and that's only about 

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100 years before Jesus. 
So, certainly in the time of 

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Jesus, they had some 
understanding of the Holy 

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Spirit, but it appears the Jews 
saw it to be kind of like a 

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force sent from God. 
A holy force from God. 

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So, Jesus is not introducing a 
new concept when he talks about 

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the Holy Spirit. 
But during his ministry he would

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reveal that. 
The holy spirit is God himself. 

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The Jews did not know that. 
This is what he says in this 

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context. 
David himself moved by the Holy 

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Spirit now more. 
Literally what it says here is 

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inspired by the holy spirit. 
This is an important verse and 

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one that we don't talk about 
enough. 

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Jesus here, again, he says David
himself inspired by the Holy 

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Spirit. 
Sir, Jesus here a firm's at the 

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following quote that we're about
to hear and it's from the Psalms

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is authored by a human who he 
attributes to David. 

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But he also affirms here that 
it's the Holy Spirit, who 

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authored that text. 
And that's important that tells 

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us a lot about Jesus view of 
scripture of the Old Testament. 

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He believes that the Old 
Testament scriptures are indeed 

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inspired by God and that's 
essentially the later teaching, 

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the Christian teaching about the
inspiration of scriptures to To 

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that's developed in the New 
Testament. 

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The so 2nd Timothy 3 verse 16 
and second Peter 1 verses 20 to 

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21, they both talk about the New
Testament, understanding of 

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inspiration, and it's basically 
the same as what Jesus teaches 

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here. 
Now, a side comment Jesus. 

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He says, David himself moved by 
the Holy Spirit. 

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When were interpreting this 
passage, we shouldn't interpret 

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this phrase to mean, that Jesus 
is affirming that David himself 

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by his own hand, was the one who
composed this, some that we're 

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about to hear some 110, it's 
possible that that's what he's 

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affirming. 
But also at the time of Jesus, 

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it was common for them to 
ascribe parts of the Old 

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Testament to authors that they 
knew didn't actually. 

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Rewrite it. 
So for example, it was common to

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attribute cords from Zephaniah, 
the minor Prophet to Isaiah. 

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So they tend to group minor 
writers Under The Heading of 

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major writers as though the 
major writer was in some way 

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responsible for writing it even 
if they weren't the one that 

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literally wrote it. 
And that might be what he's 

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doing here with David. 
There was a tendency to 

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attribute all of the Psalms to 
David, or though it was 

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reasonably well known that. 
Not all of the Psalms were 

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literally done by David. 
So It's beside the point here as

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to whether David himself, 
actually, composed some 110. 

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We shouldn't get too wrapped up 
in that the Jews did have a 

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broader view of authorship than 
we do today. 

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And they knew that many of the 
Psalms that were ascribed to 

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David were probably not written 
by David but they saw they just 

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put it under the umbrella of 
being authored by David. 

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Hopefully that's helpful. 
When David or whoever it was 

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that wrote, this passage Jesus 
teaches here that the author had

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one intention in mind but the 
Holy Spirit had a different 

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intention in mind and Jesus is 
now going to reveal that Holy 

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Spirit intention behind the 
psalm passage. 

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So before we go any further 
let's read the psalm. 

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Before we dive into the 
different senses of this, some 

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the Lord said to my Lord sit at 
my right hand and I will put 

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your enemies under your feet. 
So Some 110, this is from this 

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in its original context, wasn't 
enthronement Psalm and it was 

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sung at coronation Ceremonies 
for the kings of Judah. 

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So, when a new king of Israel 
was about to be, crowned, the 

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crowd would sing this song. 
The Lord said to my Lord, sit at

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my right hand and I will put 
your enemies under your feet. 

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So in this Psalm the new king, 
the king of Israel is Promised 

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Royal dominion and victory over 
his enemies. 

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So when they say the Lord said 
to my Lord, Lord, what they 

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mean? 
Is God. 

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The Lord said to my Lord, the 
king. 

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That's the two different senses 
of the word Lord here, it 

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actually means god the first 
time and then the second time, 

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it's about the king. 
So the basic teaching of this 

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Psalm and it was again, it was 
used at coronation, ceremonies 

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was God is inviting the king of 
Israel to metaphorically. 

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Sit at his right hand showing 
that the king of Israel has 

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God's approval and protection. 
That's what the Jews believed. 

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About every king of Israel that 
he had a special protection from

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God and that in a sense, he 
could be said to be at God's 

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right hand as his messenger. 
That was the close relationship 

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between God and the king of 
Israel. 

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So in context originally it's 
about Earthly Kings of Israel 

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and on the day of their 
enthronement, this is sung about

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those kings. 
That's probably what David or 

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whoever the original, some 
writer had in mind when he wrote

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it, perhaps they were viewing a 
in ceremony, and they wrote it 

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down at the time of the 
coronation ceremony. 

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They meant it him in reference 
to the king of Israel at their 

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time. 
But Jesus, now teaches here that

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the Holy Spirit, also intended 
another, meaning he intended, 

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the Lord here, The first sorry 
the second Lord to be understood

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as the Messiah who is literally 
sitting at God's right hand. 

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So the Lord God said to my Lord,
the Messiah sit at my right 

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hand, that's what Jesus says is 
the meaning or at least The Holy

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Spirits, meaning of this 
passage, we know that many Jews 

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in Jesus time had come to see 
this as a Prophecy of the 

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Messiah. 
Who would one day Return To 

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davidic Rule? 
So that's how the Jews in Jesus 

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time. 
Had come to interpret it and 

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here Jesus affirms, that, that 
is a correct interpretation. 

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That is the easier deeper 
reference here to the Messiah. 

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This is a really, really 
important passage for helping us

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understand how Jesus understood 
the Old Testament and therefore,

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how we should understand the Old
Testament. 

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Let's be really clear about this
and it's quite fascinating as 

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Catholics. 
We believe we always want to 

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start with the literal sense and
what we mean by that is what did

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the inspired author mean? 
What were they trying to convey?

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What did they intend to say? 
When they put pen to paper? 

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So that would be the literal 
sense. 

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However, as Catholics, we also 
believe the Holy Spirit can also

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intend additional meanings on 
top of the literal sense. 

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And this is Catholics is what we
call the spiritual sense of the 

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text. 
And often this comes up in 

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conversations about the Old 
Testament because there's 

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Catholics, we believe that in 
the New Testament, basically, 

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the literal sense and the 
spiritual sense of the same 

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thing. 
Because they're both about Jesus

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on the literal sense, the New 
Testament text talks about Jesus

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and it tells us how the New 
Covenant works. 

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But when we look at the Old 
Testament, they'll be a literal 

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sense, which applies to the 
original context. 

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But there might also be a 
spiritual sense, which teaches 

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us about God's Plan of Salvation
that will be fulfilled in Jesus.

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So, this additional meaning that
the Holy Spirit inspires is 

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called the spiritual sense. 
We need to be careful, though. 

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Sometimes it's possible to 
discern. 

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What the Spiritual sense is 
particularly when Jesus or one 

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of the other New Testament. 
Authors tells us what the 

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spiritual sense of a certain Old
Testament passages which is what

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Jesus does here. 
But sometimes we can only 

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speculate as to what may be the 
spiritual sense is, for example,

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the Apostle Paul makes a lot of 
spiritual senses out of the 

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Exodus story, he gives them 
deeper meanings. 

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And he says that the Holy Spirit
intended, those meanings we 

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don't have the gift of 
inspiration like Pull in the 

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oven New Testament, writers do. 
So we can't we don't always get 

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this right in terms of 
understanding. 

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What the spiritual sense, Maybe.
Often you might go to 

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conferences or you might hear 
priests or Parish was talking 

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about breaking open the 
scriptures. 

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And what that is supposed to be 
is getting at the the spiritual 

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sense of the text as in what 
might God be trying to say to us

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as New Testament Christians. 
So breaking open the word or 

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breaking open. 
The scriptures is a good thing 

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and in fact we should be looking
for Spiritual senses of the 

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text, but we need to understand 
that not every interpretation of

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what the spiritual sense of the 
text. 

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Might mean is guaranteed to be 
true. 

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We can't be as certain as that. 
So if someone says here's what 

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the scripture means, to me will 
be, can't be certain that. 

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That was the spiritual sense 
that was intended by the holy 

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spirit. 
So we need to be careful with 

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that. 
It's actually a lot easier to 

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determine the literal sense of 
the text. 

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If you do a bit of study, as we 
do in this podcast, it can be a 

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lot harder to discern. 
What the spiritual sense of the 

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text is. 
Although we're certainly Guided 

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by Jesus, sometimes when he 
interprets it for us. 

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And in later centuries, the 
church helps us interpret 

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spiritual senses of certain 
texts as well. 

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So that was an interesting side 
discussion about literal sense 

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and spiritual sense, but it's 
very relevant to what Jesus is 

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doing here. 
He's telling his crown, the 

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spiritual sense of Psalm, 110 
verse 37. 

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This is the challenge he issues 
to them. 

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David himself calls him Lord, in
what way, then can he be his 

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son? 
So to recap, Jesus, here is 

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saying in this Psalm David 
calls, the Messiah Lord, so how 

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then can we call the Messiah 
David's son in that culture of 

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father, would not call a 
descendant. 

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Lord, that would just not be 
done. 

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So, that's the Paradox that 
Jesus is Raising now. 

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Jesus is not denying that the 
Messiah will be the son of 

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David. 
In fact, as we looked at, 

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there's quite a few passages of 
the Old Testament, which teach 

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that. 
But he is saying that the Jews 

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of his time, were focusing too 
much on this aspect of the 

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Messiah, as being the son of 
David. 

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He's not denying it, but he is 
kind of saying that they're 

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great. 
Reverence for David has almost 

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led the Jews to place him above 
the Messiah. 

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So in a sense, David has become 
an idol for the Jews of his time

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and that may be preventing them 
the scribes and those that they 

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teach from true. 
Understanding the Messiah 

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because they almost see David is
greater than the Messiah. 

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And that's a mistake. 
So, Jesus is getting the crowd 

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to consider what this some 
teachers. 

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He says, if even David 
considered the Messiah to be his

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Superior, then these are the 
kind of things. 

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He wants the crowd to think 
about what are the implications 

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of the fact that David Revere's,
the Messiah as someone Superior 

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to himself? 
What is this? 

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Psalm reveal about the Majesty 
of the Messiah. 

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Is he merely an Earthly Monarch 
like David or is he something 

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much greater could he even be 
lured in the same sense? 

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In which Yahweh himself is the 
Lord? 

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And we know from elsewhere in 
the gospels that Jesus himself 

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says that his greater than 
Solomon and greater than Jacob 

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greater than Abraham as well. 
He says, so here jesus takes it 

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another step further and hints 
that he is greater than David. 

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Although he doesn't come right 
out and say that he is the 

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Messiah here. 
He might also be trying to show 

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you the crowd that the scribes, 
don't know everything he's 

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showing him that it's possible 
for the scribes to miss some 

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00:15:51,900 --> 00:15:53,500
things when they're teaching the
scripture. 

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00:15:55,800 --> 00:15:58,600
And Maki says, the great 
majority of the people heard 

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this with delight. 
So, the Jewish people who were 

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in the temple, there who were 
genuinely seeking God. 

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Receive this teaching. 
Well, they understand what Jesus

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00:16:07,200 --> 00:16:10,500
is saying, and they agree that 
the Messiah will be greater than

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00:16:10,500 --> 00:16:15,000
David, their Overjoyed to hear 
this teaching of Jesus, a 

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00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:19,000
fascinating passage and some 110
that we've looked at in the 

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00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:22,200
early church, this ends up being
one of the most important Old 

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00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:23,900
Testament prophecies about 
Christ. 

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00:16:23,900 --> 00:16:27,000
It's quoted a few times in the 
book of Axe and at other times 

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00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:30,700
in the early church as well, 
they saw some 110 here and it's 

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00:16:30,700 --> 00:16:34,800
language about the Lord giving 
command and authority to a 

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00:16:34,800 --> 00:16:38,800
second Lord, as being fulfilled 
in Christ, in its deepest sense.

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00:16:38,800 --> 00:16:42,100
It's fulfilled at his 
resurrection when Christ won 

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00:16:42,100 --> 00:16:45,100
victory over his enemies. 
So Satan and sin, which he 

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00:16:45,100 --> 00:16:49,200
defeated on the cross and he was
enthroned at the father's right 

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00:16:49,200 --> 00:16:53,100
hand at the Ascension. 
So some 110 keeps getting quoted

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00:16:53,100 --> 00:16:54,500
throughout the rest of the New 
Testament. 

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00:16:54,500 --> 00:16:56,100
It's one that's worth. 
Studying. 

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00:16:57,100 --> 00:17:00,700
So in the next part of chapter 
12, Jesus is still going to be 

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00:17:00,700 --> 00:17:03,800
in the temple, but he's now 
going to directly denounced the 

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00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:06,700
scribes. 
And we'll also see another 

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00:17:06,700 --> 00:17:10,000
visitor to the temple, come in 
and Jesus, Praises that visitor.

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00:17:11,099 --> 00:17:14,800
So we'll look at that in the 
next part of Mark. we'll just 

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finish today by looking at one 
paragraph from the catechism, 

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00:17:17,900 --> 00:17:21,800
which makes a reference here to 
this passage paragraph 2 or 0 2 

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00:17:21,800 --> 00:17:26,300
which is in the discussion about
I believe in one God, Jesus 

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00:17:26,300 --> 00:17:30,700
himself affirms that God is the 
one Lord whom you must love with

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00:17:30,700 --> 00:17:34,100
all your heart and with all your
soul and with all your mind and 

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00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:38,100
with all your strength at the 
same time, Jesus gives us to 

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00:17:38,100 --> 00:17:43,200
understand that he himself is 
the Lord to confess that Jesus 

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00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:46,200
is Lord is Distinctive of the 
Christian faith. 

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00:17:46,500 --> 00:17:49,600
This is not contrary to the 
belief in one God. 

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00:17:50,700 --> 00:17:53,400
And then that section goes on to
talk about the complexities of 

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the Trinity. 
Hopefully, you learned something

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00:17:56,500 --> 00:17:58,300
new today once again, can I ask 
you? 

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00:17:58,300 --> 00:18:01,300
If you haven't yet, please leave
a review on iTunes or whatever 

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00:18:01,300 --> 00:18:03,500
you're listening on. 
Subscribe on YouTube. 

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Tell others about this podcast 
so we can help more and more 

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00:18:06,700 --> 00:18:10,400
Catholics learn the word of God.
Thanks please tune in again 

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00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:10,900
tomorrow.