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Hi everyone, welcome back to 
daily gospel exegesis, where we 

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take a look at the Gospel. 
Reading from today's Catholic 

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mass. 
We're continuing to move through

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the Gospel of Luke, so we're 
going to jump today in to Luke 

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chapter, 12 verses 1 to 7. 
The people had gathered in their

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thousands so that they were 
treading on one, another and 

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Jesus began to speak. 
First to all his disciples. 

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Be on your guard against the 
yeast of the Pharisees. 

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That is their hypocrisy, 
everything that is now covered 

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will be uncovered and 
everything. 

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Now, hidden will be made clear 
for this reason. 

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Whatever you have said in the 
dark will be heard in the 

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daylight. 
And what you have whispered in 

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hidden, places will be 
proclaimed on the housetops. 

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To you my friends. 
I say. 

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Do not be afraid of Those Who 
Kill the body. 

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And after that can do no more. 
I will tell you whom to fear, 

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fear Him, who after he has 
killed, has the power to cast 

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into hell. 
Yes, I tell you fear Him. 

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Can you not buy five sparrows, 
for two pennies? 

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And yet not one is forgotten in 
God's sight. 

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Why every hair on your head. 
Has been counted. 

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There is no need to be afraid. 
You are worth more than hundreds

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of sparrows. 
So another really interesting 

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reading here in Luke. 
And as always, we want to start 

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by asking ourselves. 
What's the context? 

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So Jesus at this point is moving
From Galilee to Judea. 

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So it's getting close to the end
of his ministry, he is moving 

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towards Jerusalem and of various
points. 

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He's speaking to the crowds. 
He's doing healings and going 

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into the town's so we get to 
verse 1. 

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The people had gathered in their
thousands so that they were 

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treading on one another. 
Now, this is not a pleasant 

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scene if you think about it. 
We often See. 

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Artistic representations of 
this. 

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We usually just see Jesus 
sitting peacefully with a 

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peaceful crowd around him but 
here Luke tells us there were 

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thousands there and they're 
treading on one. 

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Another the crowd is pushing and
jostling against each other and 

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it's probably hot so it's really
not quite Pleasant. 

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And the reality is that is this 
scene for a lot of the latter 

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part of Jesus ministry. 
And so in a real sense, we could

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say that. 
Jesus ministry could not have 

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gone on for a whole lot longer 
than what it did because it was 

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already Causing a lot of crowds 
and a lot of congestion 

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congestion. 
So, Jesus, is now going to begin

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a long interactive, sermon kind 
of like, what you would see in 

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Matthew. 
Actually, this is a long sermon 

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that basically goes from chapter
12. 

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The start of chapter 12 where we
are today to 13:9, and this 

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speech, it's possible that some 
of the things in this speech was

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set on different occasions, but 
Luke has combined them together,

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that is a possibility. 
It says Jesus began to speak. 

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First of all, to his disciples. 
So there are crowds around, but 

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at the start of the speech here,
he's just speaking to his 

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followers later, he'll speak to 
the whole crowds keep in mind 

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was what has just occurred at 
the end of chapter 11. 

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So, he's just denounce the 
hypocrisy of the Pharisees. 

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And he takes the opportunity to 
teach about genuine discipleship

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here. 
So, in contrast with the falsest

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leadership, and discipleship of 
the Pharisees Jesus. 

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Now, About what real 
discipleship. 

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Looks like any particular in 
today's reading, he's going to 

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talk about the challenges that 
his disciples will face in the 

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coming years. 
He starts by saying be on your 

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guard, against the yeast of the 
Pharisees, or beware of the 

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leaven of the Pharisees would be
another translation there. 

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So what is this yeast or Levin? 
It's basically in that culture. 

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It was used to make bread. 
Rise, kind of like self-raising 

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flour and what they would do 
when they were making bread is 

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they would put in a tiny amount 
of yeast and that's all you 

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needed. 
A tiny amount, but that was 

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enough to puff up the whole 
loaf. 

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Now, it appears that the Jews 
viewed leaven or Yeast is quite 

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a negative thing part of their 
religion and their culture. 

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So 11 is sort of generally - at 
least in terms of spiritual 

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things cuz in connection with 
the Passover they were commanded

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to clean out all of the leaven 
from their homes. 

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Remember unleavened bread is 
required around the time of the 

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Passover. 
And over the years, there was a 

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logical reason why they had to 
get rid of 11 originally in the 

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first Exodus. 
But over the years, by the time 

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of Jesus, they'd come to 
associate Levin as generally a 

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kind of bad thing. 
And the original Feast there is 

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talked about in Exodus, chapter 
12 Jesus is about to use. 

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East in probably in, even more 
metaphorical sense that they had

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not considered before, so he 
says to them be on your guard 

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against the yeast of the 
Pharisees, that is their 

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hypocrisy. 
So why the Pharisees Hypocrites?

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Well, they claim to be holy, but
their actions show that they're 

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really not wholly at all. 
And we've talked about that in 

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the previous episodes in 11:39, 
Jesus calls them Hypocrites for 

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that reason. 
Now, interestingly Matthews 

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version of this text doesn't say
be aware of the yeast of the 

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Pharisees. 
That is their hypocrisy Matthews

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version says that is their 
teaching So if we take both 

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versions Matthew and Luke 
together the phrase overall the 

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leaven of the Pharisees, it 
means the corrupting influence 

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of the Pharisees, which creeps 
into everything and that's going

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to include the hypocrisy of the 
Pharisees, the insincerity of 

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the Pharisees and they're ill 
will all of that will count as 

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the leaven of the Pharisees 
which Jesus is warning his 

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disciples against the basic idea
here is that the Pharisees 

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errors in teaching and practice 
have the power to spread to 

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others and corrupt. 
The whole batch. 

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Kind of like leaven does the 
Pharisees influence is 

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corrupting? 
So Jesus tells his disciples 

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firstly they need to be on their
guard against this corrupting 

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influence of the Pharisees. 
Jesus knows that his disciples 

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and the Pharisees. 
They're going to exist alongside

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each other for a while and Jesus
doesn't want his church to 

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become corrupted. 
So he gives his disciples a 

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warning and now it appears that 
Jesus changes topic a little 

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bit. 
And perhaps this is an 

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indication that this is one else
he said on a different occasion,

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maybe so, verse 2, he says 
everything that is now covered 

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will be uncovered and 
everything. 

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Now hidden will be made clear. 
Now what does this mean 

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everything? 
That is now covered will be 

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uncovered. 
It could have different 

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meanings, in fact, earlier in 
the gospel, if you look at Luke 

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chapter 8 verse 17, the same 
phrase is used and it means 

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something quite different 
something completely different 

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than what this context has it 
as. 

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So, this appears to be one of 
those phrases where Jesus Uses a

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different times in his ministry 
to use different things. 

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Everything that is now covered 
will be uncovered. 

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It's one of his favorite 
phrases. 

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Apparently, kind of like the 
servant is not greater than the 

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master Jesus uses that phrase in
several times to mean several 

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different things. 
So what does it mean here? 

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Everything that is now covered 
will be uncovered. 

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Everything that is hidden will 
be made clear. 

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Some Scholars have taken that to
be an extension of what he was 

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just saying about yeast, as in 
yeast is kind of hidden, but it 

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does its work. 
Silently and maybe that's a 

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reference to one day. 
The Pharisees true hearts will 

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be exposed on Judgement Day and 
that would certainly fit as 

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well. 
Some have interpreted it to be 

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Jesus warning, his own disciples
and he's saying to them 

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something like be careful what 
you say and do in private 

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because it will be revealed on 
Judgement Day in all will hear 

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it on that day. 
Maybe it's a prediction of the 

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Pharisees future judgment 
because of their hypocrisy. 

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As we said, you could interpret 
it that way too. 

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If you look at Matthews, One of 
these. 

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So Matthew chapter 10, where 
Jesus says this that context 

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makes it a little clearer what 
Jesus appears to mean. 

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And it's neither of those 
things. 

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Let's go on though and I think 
the meaning will become a little

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clearer verse 3. 
Jesus says, in the next line for

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this reason, whatever you have 
said in the dark will be heard 

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in the daylight. 
Now in Matthew's gospel, this 

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seems to be a reference to the 
apostolic age and that would fit

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the context here, wouldn't it? 
Because Jesus is giving his 

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disciples instructions for the 
future. 

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And here's how we can interpret 
this phrase. 

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Jesus is speaking about the 
kingdom. 

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In a kind of a veiled way during
his own Ministry, the mysteries 

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of the kingdom of kind of secret
and only those who understand 

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the Power Ball's understand 
them, but after Jesus returns to

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heaven and the Holy Spirit has 
come in the apostolic age, Jesus

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knows that the apostles are 
going to proclaim the kingdom of

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God, clearly without Parables. 
So maybe that's the meaning 

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here. 
Everything that is now covered 

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as in during his own lifetime. 
I'm will be uncovered in the 

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apostolic age, the kingdom of 
God, will become much clearer 

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and more available to everyone. 
And I think that's the best way 

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to interpret this phrase that is
how God sets up, his Plan of 

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Salvation. 
So, during his lot, Jesus 

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lifetime, the kingdom is kind of
hidden but then the apostles 

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will be called to make the 
kingdom much more plane 

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basically. 
But there are different 

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interpretations of this thing. 
You might see. 

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Jesus goes on what you have. 
We spent in Hidden rooms will be

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proclaimed on the house. 
Stops. 

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So the idea is things that are 
said secretly in a room of the 

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house, will one day be 
proclaimed on the housetops. 

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So once again, Jesus seems to be
saying here to his disciples 

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that one day, they will need to 
boldly proclaim the things of 

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the Kingdom, which at the 
present time, Jesus has only 

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revealing them to them 
privately. 

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And that is certainly the case. 
What does he mean here about how

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stops? 
Well in that culture, first 

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century, Jewish Society houses, 
all had rooves for socializing. 

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So you could go out on your And 
it was actually very good place 

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to stand. 
And Shout a message to the 

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neighborhood. 
So to Proclaim something for it 

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from the housetops. 
Basically means tell, all 

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people. 
That's what the metaphor means 

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to tell all people. 
So so far, Jesus has basically 

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been telling his disciples, they
need to be prepared to commit 

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themselves radically to the 
kingdom. 

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And that one day, they're going 
to have to be very bold about 

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it. 
He said that so far now he's 

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going to say he they should not 
be afraid of persecution and 

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Jesus knows the persecution is 
coming for them in the coming 

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years. 
So verse 4, he says to them to 

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my friends. 
So Jesus considers his 

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disciples, his friends, he cares
for them to you. 

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My friends, I say do not be 
afraid of Those Who Kill the 

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body and after that can do no 
more interesting phrase. 

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So Jesus now encourages his 
Apostles and the disciples in 

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general to put their suffering 
that they're going to inevitably

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have in an eternal perspective. 
They are going to encounter a 

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lot of persecution in the coming
years and Jesus knows that. 

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And in fact, many of them would 
be killed for their faith, but 

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Jesus tells them not to fear, 
bodily, death and bodily 

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persecution. 
And if they can resist those 

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things, then they will gain 
something much greater. 

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But there's a on the other hand,
there's a far worse fate, they 

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should fear if they give in to 
the persecution, something much 

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worse will happen to them. 
And in verse 5, he says to them.

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I will tell you whom to fear, 
fear Him, whom after he has 

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killed, has the power to cast 
into hell. 

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Now, the Greek word here for 
hell is gehenna, and this is a 

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word, we've talked about 
elsewhere in the podcast and 

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particularly in Matthews the 
episodes in Matthew's gospel. 

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Gehenna was a real place in 
Israel in the Old Testament. 

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It was a place where children 
were sacrificed and literally 

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burned in Flames to the pagan 
gods. 

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And then, in New Testament 
times, it was kind of like a 

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burning dumpster. 
There was constantly rubbish, 

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burning out there and Jesus uses
this real place, gehenna, or the

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valley of hinnom literally. 
As a metaphor for hell, the 

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Eternal place of punishment. 
So when Jesus uses the Greek 

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word gehenna, which is actually 
different from Hades, that's a 

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different word. 
But when he uses gehenna, he's 

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talking about what we think of 
as hell, the place of Eternal 

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punishment. 
So, who then is the place who 

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the person, who after he has 
killed, has the power to cast 

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into hell. 
We might like to think that 

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that's Satan, but actually, 
Satan doesn't send anyone to 

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hell. 
It's God, Jesus here is talking 

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Using quite a strong language, 
hear about God, the father, he, 

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who after he has killed, has the
power to cast into hell. 

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We don't like to think about God
in those terms, but that's who 

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he's talking about now, he is 
going to give a different 

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perspective on God by the end of
this reading. 

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But first Jesus, here is 
basically warning his disciples 

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that if they give up on the 
faith because of persecution, 

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there's a strong chance that God
will send them to hell, so he's 

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giving them a warning. 
He's telling his Apostles and 

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the disciples not to give up on 
the faith. 

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No matter how much they'll be 
persecuted. 

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And it makes sense because they 
will be tempted to give up if 

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they're being physically 
persecuted, that's going to 

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bring them, some temporary 
relief, but Jesus says don't be 

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fooled, it will give you 
temporary relief, but it will 

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give you Eternal punishment. 
The disciples need to keep this 

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in mind and particularly the 
apostles because they are going 

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to be the Future Leaders of the 
church. 

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And they have a greater 
responsibility to stay in the 

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faith because they're giving 
greater gifts from Jesus. 

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Jesus finishes this section by 
saying yes I tell you fear him 

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so he says to his disciples 
either although they're going to

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face a lot of persecution from 
people. 

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The only person they really need
to worry about is God and we 

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should keep that in mind to the 
disciples. 

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Jesus said need to live their 
lives in the coming years. 

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Trying to please God and 
avoiding Temptations to sin. 

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It seems the disciples and 
particularly the apostles by and

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large. 
They did understand this. 

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And they did learn this lesson. 
Because later, when they're 

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being persecuted, they say in 
this is in Acts 5:29. 

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We must obey God, rather than 
men. 

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So they seem to understand that,
that's what Jesus meant. 

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Jesus. 
Now gives a couple of short 

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metaphors to show that God is 
indeed watching over them. 

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So he's going to remind them 
that God is loving and merciful 

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and that he cares about them. 
So the point here is that they 

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should not fear men and what man
can do to them and they should 

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have confidence that God is 
Looking out for them. 

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Now, he will return to the 
teaching about how in the 

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afterlife and we'll look at that
in today at tomorrow's episode. 

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But today, continuing with verse
6, can you not by five sparrows 

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for two pennies? 
Now, in that culture, sparrows 

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were quite cheap though. 
We use in liturgical sacrifices,

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sometimes people would go to the
temple and by Espero so that 

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they could sacrifice it and can 
can not five sparrows. 

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Be bought for two, pennies to 
put this in perspective. 

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One, penny About half an hour's 
wage. 

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So two pennies is an hour as 
wage and apparently Jesus. 

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He says in that time you could 
buy five sparrows for two, 

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pennies or five sparrows for an 
hour's wage. 

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So they're very cheap. 
Having said that Jesus then says

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and yet not one of the sparrows 
is forgotten in God's sight so 

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even though sparrows were common
and cheap God the Father sees 

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and knows each one of them and 
Matthews version he says, God 

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knows when each one of them dies
and falls. 

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This is an affirmation of God's 
omniscience. 

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God knows about every single 
thing that's happening in the 

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world, including every Sparrow. 
It's probably not a hyperbole 

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Jesus is probably literally 
saying God knows about every 

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single Sparrow and that was a 
Jewish belief at the time. 

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Anyway, the point here that he's
making is that if the father 

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knows every Sparrow. 
Of course, he can see and watch 

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over each one of you disciples 
who are so much more precious to

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him. 
Verse 7. 

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Jesus goes on why every hair on 
your head. 

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Has been countered. 
That's quite a profound 

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teaching, isn't it? 
God, the Father Knows people. 

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So intimately that he knows even
the numbers of hairs on our 

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heads. 
We need to keep this in mind. 

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This is a God who knows us far 
more intimately and deeply than 

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we even know ourselves. 
And in this particular context, 

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Jesus is saying that God knows 
the suffering of his faithful 

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disciples and that should bring 
Comfort to the original 

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disciples. 
Us as well. 

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Jesus goes on. 
There is no need to be afraid. 

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You are worth more than hundreds
of sparrows. 

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So the disciples as God's 
Messengers for the New Covenant,

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they far more valuable than 
sparrows and although he 

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speaking primarily to his 
disciples, we can probably 

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extend these to All Humans 
because all humans made in God's

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00:16:55,400 --> 00:16:59,300
image where each incredibly 
loved by God and we're loved 

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much more and we're more 
precious than common animals are

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00:17:03,300 --> 00:17:06,099
now that might be offensive to 
many more In here, has 

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particularly those involved in 
the animal rights movement, who 

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00:17:09,400 --> 00:17:12,800
would say that animals are equal
to humans. 

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00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:15,300
Well, from a Christian 
perspective, animals must be 

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00:17:15,300 --> 00:17:18,099
looked after, that's clearly 
part of Christian teaching. 

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00:17:18,500 --> 00:17:22,599
But here, Jesus himself says, 
you are worth more than hundreds

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00:17:22,599 --> 00:17:25,400
of sparrows. 
So humans are worth, probably 

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00:17:25,400 --> 00:17:29,300
infinitely more to God than 
other animals are, that seems to

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be Jesus teaching here. 
Although, in context, what's the

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00:17:32,500 --> 00:17:35,000
main point? 
He's making do not worry when 

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you're persecuted. 
It called sees what's happening 

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to you and he cares about you. 
So Jesus here, teaches that 

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00:17:40,700 --> 00:17:43,200
Christian Martyrs. 
And those who suffer for the 

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00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:46,600
faith, can look beyond the 
afflictions of this life to 

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00:17:46,600 --> 00:17:48,900
God's Vindication and eternal 
reward. 

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00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:51,700
And if you read the book of 
Revelation in particular that's 

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developed quite strongly. 
Those who died for the faith 

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will receive an eternal reward. 
Now, Jesus has more to say about

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00:17:59,100 --> 00:18:01,700
this topic and about Judgment 
Day and he's going to do that in

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00:18:01,700 --> 00:18:05,400
the coming versus and coming up 
in the next batch. 

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00:18:05,500 --> 00:18:08,700
Traverses here, Jesus is going 
to talk about the unforgivable 

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sin. 
So we'll cover that in 

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00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:12,300
tomorrow's episode of the 
podcast. 

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00:18:12,800 --> 00:18:15,800
If we turn to the catechism to 
see what we can learn about 

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00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:17,900
Catholic, teaching from this 
passage, there's a couple of 

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00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:21,600
really interesting links here. 
So firstly, paragraph, 6, 7, 8, 

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this is about Judgment Day, it 
says following in the footsteps 

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00:18:25,300 --> 00:18:28,700
of the prophets and John the 
Baptist Jesus announced the 

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00:18:28,700 --> 00:18:31,400
Judgment of the last day in his 
preaching. 

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Then will the conduct of each 
one? 

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00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:37,900
And the secrets of Hearts be It 
to light, then will the culpable

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00:18:37,900 --> 00:18:41,800
unbelief, the counter, the offer
of God's grace as nothing be 

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00:18:41,800 --> 00:18:45,800
condemned. 
So here are the catechism, 

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00:18:46,100 --> 00:18:49,200
mentions particularly in the 
middle there that on Judgment 

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00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:50,600
Day. 
The conduct of each one. 

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00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:52,600
And the secrets of heart be 
brought to light. 

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00:18:52,800 --> 00:18:57,400
So that verse three and four, 
where Jesus says, one day 

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00:18:57,400 --> 00:18:58,900
everything that's done in secret
will be. 

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00:18:58,900 --> 00:19:01,600
Shout it from the housetops. 
The catechism takes that as a 

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00:19:01,600 --> 00:19:04,500
possible reference to Judgement 
Day and certainly it could be 

358
00:19:04,900 --> 00:19:06,500
that hole. 
Section of the catechism is 

359
00:19:06,500 --> 00:19:09,500
really quite interesting to 
learn about the future final 

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00:19:09,500 --> 00:19:12,300
judgment. 
So that's paragraph 6 7, 8 on, 

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00:19:12,400 --> 00:19:15,400
I'll include that in the show 
notes as well, and then there's 

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00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:17,800
a really interesting link here. 
We don't often hear this 

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00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:24,000
paragraph during the show 
episodes paragraph 34 to, this 

364
00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:25,900
is in the section about the 
visible world. 

365
00:19:25,900 --> 00:19:30,200
How God has created the visible 
world as distinct from the 

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00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:33,400
invisible world. 
The hierarchy of creatures is 

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expressed by the order of the 
Days from the less, perfect to 

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00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:41,000
the more perfect. 
God loves all his creatures and 

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00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:45,500
takes care of each one. 
Even the sparrow nevertheless. 

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00:19:45,500 --> 00:19:49,200
Jesus said, you are of more 
value than many sparrows, or 

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00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:52,900
again of how much more value is 
a man than a sheep. 

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00:19:54,100 --> 00:19:57,000
So, interestingly, here the 
catechism talks about how God 

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00:19:57,000 --> 00:20:00,900
loves all his creatures, but he 
loves humans the most and it 

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00:20:00,900 --> 00:20:04,300
mentions a comparison here with 
sparrows from the text in Luke 

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00:20:04,800 --> 00:20:07,600
and it's He's that as an 
extension of the principle laid 

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00:20:07,600 --> 00:20:11,200
down in the six days of creation
because God's most important, 

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00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:14,500
most perfect creation is created
on the sixth day, whereas 

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00:20:14,500 --> 00:20:16,700
everything else is created on 
the previous day's. 

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00:20:17,100 --> 00:20:19,300
So that's a really interesting 
paragraph as well. 

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Paragraph 34 to will finish it 
there for today. 

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I hope you have learned 
something new. 

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00:20:24,100 --> 00:20:25,600
It's quite a fascinating 
passage. 

383
00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:28,600
Hopefully, you agree. 
And if you have, please share it

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00:20:28,600 --> 00:20:30,600
around. 
We'll continue in Luke, in the 

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coming days.