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Hello everyone. 
Welcome to the Doctors Running 

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Podcast where we, a group of 
doctors, physical therapy, 

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discuss the art and science of 
running and the stuff that we 

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put on our feet. 
Tonight we are doing our October

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mailbag episode. 
It's Doctor David Salas and I'll

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be hosting. 
I'm Nathan Brown, really excited

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to be going through your 
questions. 

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You've come out with a lot of 
great ones and we hope that we 

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can address them and discuss 
them both from our clinical 

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background, our personal 
background with running and our 

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background as coaches and other 
things like that. 

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So before we do that though, 
today, the day that we're 

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recording is the evening of the 
Chicago Marathon where Kelvin 

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Kip Doom just broke the world 
record marathon in two hours and

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35 at the time of two hours and 
35 seconds. 

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Just an incredible effort. 
I wasn't able to watch live. 

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I was working a local event 
where I was doing like post race

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kind of massages and stuff with 
runners and just meeting and a 

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bunch of runners and it was our 
local half marathon. 

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So I got to hang out with all 
like basically all my friends. 

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There's like 600 runners and I 
know many of them and it's super

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fun. 
So it's just fun to cheer people

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on, but in the midst of that, 
this world record goes down. 

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Just an incredible effort on a 
perfectly perfect weather day. 

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It was gorgeous, but do you have
any thoughts about about it? 

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Like any reflections and 
watching him or or anything like

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that. 
I just, I have one thought. 

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I don't want to put any 
disrespect on Stefan Assan's 

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name either. 
If she had a ran two Oh my gosh 

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ago, that would have been a 
world record as well, 100% yes. 

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Like she ran 2/13, she killed 
it. 

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She was incredible. 
No disrespect on Stefana, son. 

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That was phenomenal. 
Think about how versatile she is

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right now. 
I mean, I was just having this 

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conversation with someone 
earlier today and this could be,

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I don't know, by sell later on, 
but of who is the best woman 

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runner right now? 
1500 Let's save it for buy or 

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sell, but that's a really great 
question. 

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Yeah, 'cause some people 
wouldn't say Stefan and I I 

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think it's a fair argument. 
I would probably personally say 

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Stefan, but I gotta, I gotta go 
back and look at it there. 

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There's arguments for both 
there. 

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There's probably three women I 
could think of off the top my 

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head that could all be running 
for that same thing. 4/4 women 

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right now that could probably, 
Yeah, women's running. 

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Super exciting. 
They're in a They're in a cool 

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part. 
Like, yeah, there's cool time of

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history for women's assistant 
running right now. 

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It's pretty cool, so super fun 
to. 

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Watch him, crushed it. 
He negative split it, right? 

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I think so. 
That's great. 

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I didn't get to watch live, so I
I wasn't in on the. 

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Details. 
Yeah, I couldn't either. 

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I was watching Shout Out Sidious
Mag because they had these like 

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live reaction YouTube video 
things gone. 

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And so, like, I mean, they're 
just kicking back, kind of 

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commentating on what they're 
seeing, you know? 

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So you're not seeing the 
runners, you're watching them. 

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But it was good. 
I mean, I was able to kind of 

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stay in the loop and see what 
was going on. 

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And as people were finishing, 
you know, they're like, oh, 

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Clayton Young. 
He might get the Olympic 

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standard, you know, It's like, 
oh, crap, okay, cool. 

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Like, so just kind of following 
that. 

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And then I followed that until a
little after Safan, I think 

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right before Sisson finished. 
I had to go for my long run. 

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So yeah, just what a, what a 
crazy race. 

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Because, you know, look, you 
look at a couple years ago or 

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even last year, the weather in 
Chicago could either be 85 and 

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killer or it could be what you 
had today and you get to see 

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people run on a flat course and 
have a ton of fun and break 

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world records and. 
Totally. 

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You see some of the finishing 
videos of Molly Seidel coming 

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in, yes. 
She's just like, yeah, like that

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was awesome. 
And I've I ran Chicago in 2017 

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and it was one of those years 
where by the time I was at mile 

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15, it was 85 and I was dying. 
And I I cramped up like calves, 

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both calves, both quads and both
hamstrings, all cramped at one 

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point between mile 16 and 26. 
So yeah, but it was such a it's 

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so cool to see runners continue 
to push the envelope and man 2 

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hours and 35 seconds. 
Pretty incredible. 

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And that's almost what Kip Choge
ran in the first sub two attempt

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'cause I think it was 2 hours 
and 26 seconds or two hours and 

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24 seconds or 25. 
So it's pretty incredible that 

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that's what someone was able to 
throw down today. 

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Not just someone Calvin Kiptoom.
So we had we just I feel like we

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had to acknowledge it and 
acknowledge that it wasn't in 

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the $500 Adhed issue I. 
Mean. 

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Who knows what they're going to 
retell the Alpha fly 3/4? 

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I mean, that was on both of 
their feet between Kiptoom and 

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Hassan, so right. 
At Berlin, it'll be fun to fun 

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to test that out when the time 
comes, but let's get into the 

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real episode for today. 
As always, when we do our 

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mailbag episode, our subjective 
of the day is what questions do 

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you have for us? 
And we as you'll find out, we 

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continue to try and put them 
into our future mailbag 

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episodes. 
So feel free to drop a comment 

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or send us an e-mail at 
doctorsofrunning@gmail.com to be

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able to leave us a question that
we could address at a future 

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mailbag. 
So we're going to kick it off 

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here with our first question. 
This is from Aaron and he says 

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this. 
Here's a question I've been 

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thinking about for a while. 
It would be great to hear your 

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thoughts. 
Do you think that the trainers 

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that we use, like daily 
trainers, give us an indication 

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of which race day super shoes 
will work best for each person? 

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So he kind of goes on to ask a 
lot of questions, making some 

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comparisons like if the Boston 
12 works well in training, does 

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that mean the Audios Pro 3 would
do be a good choice, Endorphin 

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elite or endorphin pro if you're
enjoying the speed, that kind of

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comparison and he's trying to 
make some choices, but we'll go 

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into that later. 
But first, what do you think 

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about that initial question 
about if the type of trainer you

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like indicates what might be the
best super shoe for you? 

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Yeah. 
I think that's a great question,

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Aaron. 
When I look at shoe lineups. 

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It's I hate to give this answer 
because we always give this 

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answer, but it depends. 
I think if you take a look at 

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like a shoe lineup within a 
given company, there are some 

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shoes that are meant to be 
training companions to some of 

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those racing models. 
With that said, like. 

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I remember I read over all these
questions too before the show. 

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I don't have it in front of me, 
but he had brought up the ASICS 

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Nova Blast at one point, right? 
Or was that someone else? 

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Yeah, he he currently uses the 
Nova Blast for daily miles, 

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Boston 12 for tempo and long 
days. 

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Yeah, and like. 
And he's previously enjoyed the 

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endorphin speed, too. 
Yeah, just different shoes. 

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I feel like when I think you 
have to look at the lineup 

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design structure and what 
they're going for because the 

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Nova Blast is kind of like. 
Is kind of light, bouncy fun. 

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I don't know it's a daily 
trainer, but you can kind of 

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turn it up a little bit. 
I feel like the closest thing 

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for the Nova Blast probably is 
the Super Blast, like when you 

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look at geometry and things. 
I don't feel like the Edge Plus 

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and Meta Speed Sky Plus really 
complement the Nova Blast that 

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well, but definitely not the 
definitely not the Sky that just

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has such a different geometry. 
I haven't ran in the Edge, but 

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that one would be probably 
closer. 

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Even that one, like, you know 
how they have that crash pad in 

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the forefoot and the heel and 
then it kind of has that kind of

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give and bounce to it and the 
way the geometry is with that 

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sharp heel and then kind of like
gradually rounded forfeit like 

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the edge Plus definitely doesn't
have as much of that. 

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It feels more like a flat. 
I mean, definitely has like the 

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stiff plate and there's a little
bit of a sharper toe spring, 

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but. 
I like if I'm looking at 

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Novoblast, I'm probably looking 
at Superblast, like if you're 

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going to compare it. 
But like you look at the designs

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and even in just the names like 
that makes sense sequentially. 

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When you look at the Adidas 
lineup in the ADI 0 lineup, I 

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think about how those uppers 
fit. 

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I think about the geometry of 
the shoes. 

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That ADI 0 lineup is pretty 
close between the Boston the 

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audios, the Audios Pro and the 
Takumi Sen 9. 

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I don't know why on earth I had 
problems with the Audios Pro 3, 

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but I love all three of those 
other shoes. 

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I'm the only person was upper 
digging in right like the upper 

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was like killing. 
The lateral side of my foot and 

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I don't but and I I got that a 
tiny bit in the Boston but it 

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didn't hurt me and I can go run 
20 miles in that shoe. 

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I have run 20 miles in that shoe
and be fine. 

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But like Audios Pro 3, for 
whatever reason I couldn't run 

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more than like 5 without my foot
hurting and so it just was a no 

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go from the beginning. 
I honestly don't know. 

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I don't know if my pair was 
defective. 

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If Adidas, if you're listening 
to that and you want to send me 

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another one, feel free. 
I would love another pair to try

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it out. 
Because I love that Takumi send 

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fit. 
I love the audio say fit like, 

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but they're all similar. 
Like they kind of have that 

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narrow kind of heel. 
They have that kind of like 

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pitch laterally coming in from 
the seams and then they kind of 

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have that like widened out 
forefoot and the relative 

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feeling forefoot. 
Yeah, like. 

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It's pretty similar, so I feel 
like that's a pretty good line 

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of reasoning. 
And as far as the geometry and 

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transitions, I didn't dislike my
transitions in the Audio's Pro 

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3. 
I feel like it lines up pretty 

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well. 
But I think you just have to 

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kind of look at the overall 
design of the shoe. 

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Like it used to be very cut and 
dry, like endorphin Speed 3 and 

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endorphin. 
Endorphin Speed 2 and Endorphin 

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Pro Two were very similar. 
Now that's changed a little bit.

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With that said, I still feel 
like the general feel for most 

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of these companies is designed 
in that way. 

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And if they have a given 
training companion for whatever 

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their super shoe is, then it's 
probably a pretty close match. 

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Yeah, I but I I wouldn't say 
like if you're training in a 

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Nimbus, that means the Edge Plus
is going to work for you. 

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I wouldn't say right And I 
wouldn't say like, let's say. 

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If you're running in a Mizuno 
Wave Rider, the Wave Rebellion 

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Pro, like I don't, I don't think
it crosses over in that way at 

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all. 
So I think you have to look at 

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like what the next shoe is on 
that lineup and then take a 

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quick look at them. 
And I feel like most of those 

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companies are doing a pretty 
good job of matching, like, hey,

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this is our workout shoe. 
You could probably get a little 

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bit more like durability and 
mileage training out of this one

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and then this is your race day 
shoe. 

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Because that is kind of the case
for a decent chunk of the 

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companies right now. 
But I wouldn't dive in and say, 

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Oh yes, because it's this 
company and that's still the 

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same company. 
It's going to work. 

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Yep. 
I think you hit a really good 

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point where there's a difference
between the shoes that are 

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clearly designed in a singular 
line within a company like the 

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Boston to the Pro, like they're 
all within the odd zero line of 

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the Adidas models. 
Whereas like you mentioned the 

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Nimbus 25 that's not in the same
line as these, the design of 

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their super shoes. 
So I think that does that does 

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make an impact. 
When I first read this question,

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one of the first things that 
came to my head was the question

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of what is best mean. 
You know what are we defining 

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best as Does best mean the shoe 
that's going to give me the best

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running economy improvement 
compared to like a trainer or a 

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regular racing flat or does best
mean like the one that's going 

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to be most similar in terms of 
comfort? 

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I just kind of I think that does
change maybe your answer a 

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little bit as well. 
But in general I think I agree 

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with you and think there's a 
couple categories to consider. 

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One of them is what's the foam 
like? 

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00:11:32,990 --> 00:11:36,750
What's the foam feel under foot?
And then two, what is the 

224
00:11:36,750 --> 00:11:40,750
geometry? 
And three, what is the upper fit

225
00:11:40,750 --> 00:11:44,270
for you and and so if you are 
running in something that is 

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00:11:44,270 --> 00:11:49,090
super, you know like a very non 
exciting Eva and I don't mean 

227
00:11:49,090 --> 00:11:51,450
that in a bad way, but just a, 
you know, I think of the Phantom

228
00:11:51,450 --> 00:11:53,130
3, right. 
So like something that's just a 

229
00:11:53,130 --> 00:11:56,290
super flat Eva that might point 
you in a different direction 

230
00:11:56,290 --> 00:11:59,330
that if you're used to running 
in like the endorphin speed, 

231
00:11:59,410 --> 00:12:03,450
like if you know you like the 
feel of power run PB the type of

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00:12:03,450 --> 00:12:05,810
foam that you could put under 
your foot might match up really 

233
00:12:05,810 --> 00:12:09,690
well with another you know super
shoe that has a similar foam 

234
00:12:09,690 --> 00:12:12,370
feel. 
Similarly, if you like something

235
00:12:12,370 --> 00:12:16,200
with that runs with that higher 
drop feel, you might like 

236
00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:18,880
something that isn't going to 
give you that negative drop. 

237
00:12:18,880 --> 00:12:21,400
If you are a rear foot striker 
like me or like when I run in 

238
00:12:21,400 --> 00:12:29,160
the Rocket X2 or if I run in the
Meta speed sky, I feel like I'm 

239
00:12:29,160 --> 00:12:33,000
just falling into the heel. 
And so if you know that you 

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00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:36,520
don't prefer kind of that lower 
drop feel, you can find shoes 

241
00:12:36,520 --> 00:12:38,680
that even in. 
But I think it's unique because 

242
00:12:38,680 --> 00:12:41,080
it's not just drop, but it's the
way that the foam compresses, 

243
00:12:41,080 --> 00:12:45,640
because you look at the SC Elite
Three and that shoe has a 4 

244
00:12:45,640 --> 00:12:50,160
millimeter drop, but to me feels
higher than the sky, which has 5

245
00:12:50,160 --> 00:12:51,960
millimeters. 
Just really depends on the drop.

246
00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:55,200
But I do think if you find that 
you really like a rocker that's 

247
00:12:55,830 --> 00:12:58,990
like an early stage rocker, like
you get in typical Hoka trainer,

248
00:12:59,150 --> 00:13:02,470
you'd want to find a a super 
shoe that has that similar 

249
00:13:02,470 --> 00:13:05,470
rocker feel versus like the 
endorphin elite which has a late

250
00:13:05,470 --> 00:13:07,390
rocker that you just got to get 
up on. 

251
00:13:07,390 --> 00:13:11,190
So I think that comparing your 
shoe in terms of the types of 

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00:13:11,190 --> 00:13:13,830
things you have, whether if it's
the foam geometry and then the 

253
00:13:13,830 --> 00:13:16,630
upper fit, that's what I would 
be looking for, at least in 

254
00:13:16,630 --> 00:13:19,710
terms of comfort. 
Because what we don't know yet 

255
00:13:19,910 --> 00:13:24,440
is what predicts somebody to 
respond well to a super shoe. 

256
00:13:24,440 --> 00:13:27,760
We just don't know the exact 
things for the running economy 

257
00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:30,000
testing that hasn't been done 
yet. 

258
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:31,960
We haven't been able to find 
those predictor variables. 

259
00:13:31,960 --> 00:13:36,000
So it's still a little bit of a 
of a guessing game, but I I 

260
00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:38,400
think if you can find something 
that you're confident and 

261
00:13:38,400 --> 00:13:41,440
comfortable in, that's probably 
going to be your best bet. 

262
00:13:41,560 --> 00:13:43,320
Just something that doesn't 
throw you too much. 

263
00:13:43,400 --> 00:13:45,000
Yeah. 
And I will say on a personal 

264
00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:48,880
side note, the Boston 12 is one 
of my favorite shoes this year. 

265
00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:53,000
And so being someone that is in 
a situation where like I do run 

266
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:56,880
long runs in that shoe, the 
closest companion that I have 

267
00:13:56,880 --> 00:14:01,160
felt to the way the rocker and 
the transitions are probably is 

268
00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:03,440
the endorphin elite. 
They both have pretty late stage

269
00:14:03,440 --> 00:14:05,840
rockers. 
They both kind of have this 

270
00:14:05,840 --> 00:14:08,600
gradual lean into the forefoot, 
then it really pops off. 

271
00:14:08,600 --> 00:14:12,880
You know, I've heard the Audios 
Pro 3 is very similar. 

272
00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:16,200
I just didn't get enough mileage
in them, You know, like. 

273
00:14:16,730 --> 00:14:18,650
It's funny, I I had this 
conversation with somewhere. 

274
00:14:18,650 --> 00:14:19,730
I was like, Oh yeah, the 
endorphin Elite. 

275
00:14:19,730 --> 00:14:21,490
I love that shit. 
And they're like, oh, what do 

276
00:14:21,490 --> 00:14:23,570
you think about that in 
comparison to the Audios Pro 3? 

277
00:14:23,570 --> 00:14:26,810
I feel like they're very similar
and I was like, oh, I can't tell

278
00:14:26,810 --> 00:14:29,210
you much. 
I I would have drew myself from 

279
00:14:29,210 --> 00:14:33,850
that one, so yeah. 
But yeah, I would just look at 

280
00:14:33,850 --> 00:14:35,730
comfort and ultimately you just 
got to try them on. 

281
00:14:35,730 --> 00:14:37,250
Find something that has a good 
return policy. 

282
00:14:37,250 --> 00:14:39,810
Don't abuse the shoe, but do a 
little bit something to see if 

283
00:14:39,810 --> 00:14:42,210
it. 
If it works for you and usually 

284
00:14:42,210 --> 00:14:44,050
you know pretty quick if you've 
tried enough shoes on. 

285
00:14:44,290 --> 00:14:48,170
And I think to my last, my last 
kind of specific example is you 

286
00:14:48,170 --> 00:14:51,690
brought up the Nimbus 25 and 
that's a really soft compliant 

287
00:14:51,890 --> 00:14:54,610
trainer that is a little bit 
stiffer in the forefoot just 

288
00:14:54,610 --> 00:14:56,130
with how much foam is underneath
there. 

289
00:14:56,410 --> 00:14:59,330
So I feel like if you enjoy 
something that soft, I would 

290
00:14:59,330 --> 00:15:02,850
actually not look at their AD or
ASICS racing shoes. 

291
00:15:02,850 --> 00:15:07,410
I would look at like the the New
Balance SC trainer or sorry SC 

292
00:15:07,410 --> 00:15:11,090
Elite version three, so much 
softness underneath your but so 

293
00:15:11,090 --> 00:15:14,730
you'd get that similar like 
slight rocker really soft and so

294
00:15:14,730 --> 00:15:17,370
that's I would think more about 
those qualities than the 

295
00:15:17,370 --> 00:15:19,330
specific lines. 
But I agree with you too. 

296
00:15:19,330 --> 00:15:23,290
If you're training in a shoe 
that is designed as the training

297
00:15:23,290 --> 00:15:25,970
companion that has some of the 
same foam compounds that you 

298
00:15:25,970 --> 00:15:30,570
love, it's probably a a pretty 
good guess if you're enjoying 

299
00:15:30,570 --> 00:15:35,250
that one to to just bump it up. 
OK, so our next question is from

300
00:15:35,250 --> 00:15:38,010
Mike says hey guys, I've been 
scouring the Internet for a 

301
00:15:38,010 --> 00:15:41,210
clear answer on this one, but so
far no luck. 

302
00:15:42,210 --> 00:15:45,850
And he asked with all factors 
being equal, would you taper 

303
00:15:45,850 --> 00:15:49,050
differently for a 5K than you 
would for a marathon? 

304
00:15:49,250 --> 00:15:51,850
Let's hypothetically say I 
cloned myself and we both did a 

305
00:15:51,850 --> 00:15:54,410
marathon block together. 
Every run and every workout 

306
00:15:54,410 --> 00:15:57,090
exactly the same. 
But one of me runs a marathon 

307
00:15:57,290 --> 00:15:59,810
and the other runs a 5K on the 
same day. 

308
00:16:00,090 --> 00:16:03,210
Do we taper differently? 
Yeah, I think if we're looking 

309
00:16:03,210 --> 00:16:07,090
at all things equal, and this is
a true like this is my race, 

310
00:16:07,090 --> 00:16:10,010
this is the thing, like the 
thing I'm going for. 

311
00:16:10,450 --> 00:16:12,330
You know, some people call it an
A race. 

312
00:16:14,610 --> 00:16:17,570
Everyone's a little bit 
different on tapers as far as 

313
00:16:17,570 --> 00:16:20,570
how they respond to it 
personally, With that said, the 

314
00:16:20,570 --> 00:16:25,130
tapers are surprisingly similar 
for me. 

315
00:16:25,130 --> 00:16:30,250
If depending on the distances 
now, that workout might change. 

316
00:16:30,530 --> 00:16:34,250
You know, I usually will kind of
have like a shortened long run. 

317
00:16:34,250 --> 00:16:37,210
Let's say the race is Saturday. 
If you're running a 5K, it's 

318
00:16:37,210 --> 00:16:39,290
probably Saturday. 
If you're on the track, maybe 

319
00:16:39,290 --> 00:16:42,370
5K. 
Or I mean Friday because a lot 

320
00:16:42,370 --> 00:16:47,170
of track invites are on Fridays.
So depending on what that week 

321
00:16:47,170 --> 00:16:50,970
looks like, but I'm just going 
to assume it's a road 5K, That's

322
00:16:50,970 --> 00:16:53,930
probably a Saturday road race 
for the marathons, probably on a

323
00:16:53,930 --> 00:16:56,930
Sunday taper is probably going 
to look pretty similar. 

324
00:16:56,930 --> 00:16:59,130
You're probably going to have a 
shortened long run on that 

325
00:16:59,130 --> 00:17:01,380
Sunday. 
Then Monday, Tuesday is probably

326
00:17:01,380 --> 00:17:02,260
going to be a little bit 
lighter. 

327
00:17:02,260 --> 00:17:07,700
Usually we use Wednesday to kind
of sharpen up a little bit and 

328
00:17:07,700 --> 00:17:11,819
that if I'm doing a marathon 
that might be, I don't know, 

329
00:17:11,819 --> 00:17:15,900
like we'll we'll do like some 
ladders sometimes like a four 

330
00:17:15,900 --> 00:17:20,579
8/12/16 or something. 
Paces are a slightly faster than

331
00:17:20,579 --> 00:17:25,579
marathon pace, You know, just 
making you feel good and having 

332
00:17:25,579 --> 00:17:28,380
enough rest in between to just 
kind of feel sharp and feel just

333
00:17:28,380 --> 00:17:31,770
feel good about things. 
If you're running a 5K now, that

334
00:17:31,770 --> 00:17:34,410
changes the pacing on that 
because it wouldn't make sense 

335
00:17:34,410 --> 00:17:38,450
if you're running a 5K at, let's
just say 6 minute pace to go run

336
00:17:38,450 --> 00:17:43,090
730 pace on your track work or 
your speed work on that day. 

337
00:17:43,090 --> 00:17:46,930
So usually you would go a little
bit faster than your race pace 

338
00:17:46,930 --> 00:17:50,210
for shorter distances, kind of 
sharpen up, feel good, take the 

339
00:17:50,210 --> 00:17:53,090
next two days or so to kind of 
lighten up again, and then 

340
00:17:53,090 --> 00:17:55,730
Saturday probably be a short run
with some strides and some 

341
00:17:55,730 --> 00:17:58,450
drills to kind of mimic that 
feel you'd get on Sunday. 

342
00:17:59,510 --> 00:18:01,830
And I said Sunday for the road 
race, for the marathon, 

343
00:18:02,110 --> 00:18:06,150
Saturday, Friday would be that. 
So it just depends on like what 

344
00:18:06,150 --> 00:18:08,990
day, like what it looks like. 
But for the most part, the bread

345
00:18:08,990 --> 00:18:10,910
and butter of it is pretty much 
the same. 

346
00:18:10,910 --> 00:18:14,390
Giving yourself an active rest 
without going completely off the

347
00:18:14,390 --> 00:18:16,030
handle. 
You want to still feel sharp and

348
00:18:16,030 --> 00:18:18,710
ready to to run. 
I think what's interesting about

349
00:18:18,710 --> 00:18:21,790
this question is it's it has the
premise with all factors being 

350
00:18:21,790 --> 00:18:24,070
equal. 
And I think the reality is, if 

351
00:18:24,070 --> 00:18:26,430
you were going through a 
training block for a 5K, it 

352
00:18:26,430 --> 00:18:29,760
would it would look 
qualitatively and quantitatively

353
00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:31,880
different than if you're 
training for a marathon, 

354
00:18:32,880 --> 00:18:34,960
especially depending on where 
you're at in your running 

355
00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:37,160
journey. 
So my bread and butter is 

356
00:18:37,160 --> 00:18:40,200
working with runners who are 
newer to the sport and ones who 

357
00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:42,400
are trying to do something new 
for the first time. 

358
00:18:42,400 --> 00:18:44,840
So if somebody is going through 
their first marathon training 

359
00:18:44,840 --> 00:18:47,960
block, the amount of time that 
we I give them and maybe their 

360
00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:50,600
first taper is going to be a 
little bit longer than what we 

361
00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:53,120
might do for their 5K. 
And part of that's just because 

362
00:18:53,120 --> 00:18:55,520
of the cumulative fatigue that 
they're getting of different 

363
00:18:55,520 --> 00:18:57,640
types of muscle fibers and all 
that kind of stuff. 

364
00:18:57,640 --> 00:19:02,440
So depending on who you are, you
know at the beginning it's a 

365
00:19:02,440 --> 00:19:04,400
little bit of guesswork because 
like you said in the beginning 

366
00:19:04,400 --> 00:19:06,280
David, everyone responds 
different to taper. 

367
00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:11,000
And so if if it's your first 
time, I would probably guess 

368
00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:16,280
that some of the efforts and and
time on your feet total would be

369
00:19:16,360 --> 00:19:20,520
pulled back a little bit more 
from the in the marathon taper 

370
00:19:20,520 --> 00:19:23,720
compared to the 5K. 
But ratio wise I bet it would 

371
00:19:23,720 --> 00:19:26,680
look pretty similar where like 
the amount of recovery that 

372
00:19:26,680 --> 00:19:29,320
you're trying to give your body 
through decreased demand, it 

373
00:19:29,320 --> 00:19:31,120
would probably be kind of 
similar but you would just have 

374
00:19:31,120 --> 00:19:34,080
a little bit of a different 
total amount but the ratios 

375
00:19:34,080 --> 00:19:35,600
would be would be about the 
same. 

376
00:19:35,880 --> 00:19:40,550
But I think when it comes to 
taper, every single taper that 

377
00:19:40,550 --> 00:19:43,470
you do is a learning experience 
and you learn how did I respond 

378
00:19:43,470 --> 00:19:46,150
to a two week taper, A 
three-week taper, A1 week taper,

379
00:19:46,150 --> 00:19:49,350
a four day taper? 
You'll learn what works for you.

380
00:19:49,350 --> 00:19:51,430
I'm still learning what works 
best for me. 

381
00:19:51,430 --> 00:19:53,510
I think I'm still trying to dial
that in. 

382
00:19:54,230 --> 00:19:59,070
But I I think that that's going 
to be a it's a personal thing 

383
00:19:59,190 --> 00:20:02,150
where you're going to learn how 
much time and space does my body

384
00:20:02,150 --> 00:20:05,230
need to be. 
At its peak, so I think it is a 

385
00:20:05,230 --> 00:20:06,590
tough question. 
It's probably good that you 

386
00:20:06,590 --> 00:20:08,710
couldn't find a clear answer on 
the Internet, because that means

387
00:20:08,710 --> 00:20:11,910
that people aren't putting out 
an answer that that's 

388
00:20:12,230 --> 00:20:14,910
oversimplified for this. 
Anything else on this one? 

389
00:20:15,430 --> 00:20:17,190
No, everyone just responds 
differently. 

390
00:20:17,230 --> 00:20:20,070
Find what works for you. 
Most people are going to do one 

391
00:20:20,070 --> 00:20:26,190
to two weeks somewhere in that 
window, and ultimately you want 

392
00:20:26,190 --> 00:20:28,590
to feel good on race day so that
that's the ultimate goal. 

393
00:20:28,590 --> 00:20:31,070
So do what you need to do to 
feel good on race day. 

394
00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:33,760
Some people like full days off. 
I don't like it. 

395
00:20:33,760 --> 00:20:37,280
It makes me a little bit groggy.
I just feel a bit flat and 

396
00:20:37,280 --> 00:20:38,600
heavy. 
That's me. 

397
00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:41,600
Some people love it. 
So, all right, here we go. 

398
00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:45,960
So the next question is Laura 
Norton from Maryland and she 

399
00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:48,240
says, I'm a big fan of your 
podcast and have a question for 

400
00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:50,920
your next male back episode. 
I'm currently dealing with 

401
00:20:50,920 --> 00:20:53,720
bilateral proximal hamstring 
tendinopathy. 

402
00:20:53,920 --> 00:20:56,990
I'm curious, has running in 
super shoes increased the 

403
00:20:56,990 --> 00:21:00,510
incidence of this injury? 
Are the shoes moving forces up 

404
00:21:00,510 --> 00:21:03,150
the chain? 
I can start a little bit on on 

405
00:21:03,150 --> 00:21:06,270
this one and I think it's 
interesting. 

406
00:21:06,270 --> 00:21:11,230
I think that this trend towards.
So I have a small sample size, 

407
00:21:11,230 --> 00:21:12,470
right? 
I'm working with runners in 

408
00:21:12,470 --> 00:21:15,030
central Wisconsin. 
I work through our running lab, 

409
00:21:15,230 --> 00:21:17,630
you know, with runners all, 
like, that's just what I'm doing

410
00:21:17,710 --> 00:21:19,590
most of my clinic time right 
now. 

411
00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:22,720
But even that's a relatively 
small sample size because I'm 

412
00:21:22,720 --> 00:21:25,680
working with runners in central 
Wisconsin and not everyone 

413
00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:27,880
around here is running in super 
shoes all the time. 

414
00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:31,760
But I have been working with a 
lot of people with hip flexor 

415
00:21:31,760 --> 00:21:35,920
issues or anterior hip issues, 
as well as kind of these 

416
00:21:36,240 --> 00:21:40,080
proximal hamstring issues. 
And I've got in the last, you 

417
00:21:40,080 --> 00:21:43,080
know, six months I've worked 
with, you know, a handful, like 

418
00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:45,280
probably could still fit on one 
hand. 

419
00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:48,320
But a number of runners that 
have had proximal hamstring 

420
00:21:48,320 --> 00:21:53,220
tendinopathy in particular, and 
I think that super shoes are one

421
00:21:53,220 --> 00:21:56,020
more extreme example of why we 
might be seeing more of these 

422
00:21:56,020 --> 00:21:58,260
proximal injuries. 
And you know, this is all 

423
00:21:58,260 --> 00:22:00,500
anecdotal. 
We don't have new statistics yet

424
00:22:00,500 --> 00:22:03,020
on all of this stuff from like 
large databases. 

425
00:22:03,020 --> 00:22:06,700
But I think even before the 
Super shoe training, we've 

426
00:22:06,700 --> 00:22:09,300
worked into maximal shoes with 
rockers. 

427
00:22:09,660 --> 00:22:11,980
And once you throw in that 
rocker, we do know that it 

428
00:22:11,980 --> 00:22:16,100
decreases the amount of demand 
on the calf and ankle complex. 

429
00:22:16,100 --> 00:22:18,580
But that does mean that the 
force has to come from somewhere

430
00:22:18,580 --> 00:22:21,540
else and often that means that 
it by mechanically would go up 

431
00:22:21,540 --> 00:22:25,340
the chain towards the hip. 
So I think it's very possible 

432
00:22:25,340 --> 00:22:28,380
that they're contributing to it.
I also think that means that if 

433
00:22:28,380 --> 00:22:31,020
you're training in highly 
rockered shoes and all the stiff

434
00:22:31,020 --> 00:22:34,980
stuff, stiff stuff, is that the 
right word? 

435
00:22:35,060 --> 00:22:38,640
Yeah. 
Then you should be matching your

436
00:22:38,640 --> 00:22:42,280
rehabilitation and your exercise
and strengthening regiment to 

437
00:22:42,280 --> 00:22:44,160
the demands that the running's 
going to put on you. 

438
00:22:44,160 --> 00:22:46,960
So anecdotally, I think yes, 
we've seen more. 

439
00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:49,760
It's very possible that training
in super shoes is even more 

440
00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:52,560
extreme than what we've been 
seeing over the last like 10-15 

441
00:22:52,560 --> 00:22:55,280
years when it comes to training 
in maximally rocker shoes. 

442
00:22:55,280 --> 00:22:57,440
Just in general, do you have 
anything to add to that one? 

443
00:22:58,190 --> 00:22:59,630
Yeah, I think you hit it pretty 
well. 

444
00:23:00,550 --> 00:23:05,030
And I like that you brought in 
just this idea of Max Cushion 

445
00:23:05,030 --> 00:23:09,430
rocker training shoes as well, 
because when we look at the 

446
00:23:09,430 --> 00:23:11,710
designs, they're awfully, quite 
similar, right. 

447
00:23:11,710 --> 00:23:15,030
And it wasn't always with these 
large rocker profiles that's 

448
00:23:15,030 --> 00:23:19,150
been a relatively new thing. 
I mean what Hoko is probably one

449
00:23:19,150 --> 00:23:23,230
of the first companies to truly 
kind of lean into that and that 

450
00:23:23,230 --> 00:23:26,790
wasn't that long ago and so when
we look at. 

451
00:23:27,310 --> 00:23:32,870
Anecdotally, we don't have that 
much data to go off of and all 

452
00:23:32,870 --> 00:23:35,230
we can really do is take a look 
at the shoe designs. 

453
00:23:35,230 --> 00:23:38,870
What are they running in? 
Does that affect what we can see

454
00:23:38,870 --> 00:23:42,630
in front of us? 
And anecdotally speaking, if 

455
00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:46,150
you're only in these high stack 
Rockford shoes, then I mean that

456
00:23:46,150 --> 00:23:48,590
could lead us to believe that to
some degree. 

457
00:23:49,110 --> 00:23:51,710
Same thing with intrinsic foot 
muscles and different kinds of 

458
00:23:51,710 --> 00:23:54,150
stabilizing things. 
Just in general, but. 

459
00:23:56,660 --> 00:24:02,500
It's hard to draw a specific 
line from the shoe to that 

460
00:24:02,500 --> 00:24:05,540
because I don't know. 
For all I know you're running 

461
00:24:05,540 --> 00:24:08,540
in, you know, like a New Balance
Rebel or some. 

462
00:24:08,540 --> 00:24:11,900
Well, I should just say super 
suits, but like something, I 

463
00:24:12,540 --> 00:24:14,180
don't know. 
There's just so many wild cards.

464
00:24:14,180 --> 00:24:16,540
And then like, I don't know if 
you had a big jump in speed work

465
00:24:16,540 --> 00:24:18,260
and that's why your hamstrings 
are sore. 

466
00:24:18,260 --> 00:24:20,780
I don't like. 
There's just all kinds of 

467
00:24:20,780 --> 00:24:24,220
reasons why your hamstrings 
could be affected from training.

468
00:24:25,710 --> 00:24:29,310
And it might not just be the 
shoes, but with that said, 

469
00:24:29,350 --> 00:24:33,070
anecdotally speaking could have 
some potential for it. 

470
00:24:33,550 --> 00:24:36,710
Hard to say yeah. 
And and I totally was not 

471
00:24:36,710 --> 00:24:39,430
answering this specific to her 
scenario that's that's a great 

472
00:24:39,430 --> 00:24:41,590
thing to point out because I was
just answering in general. 

473
00:24:41,590 --> 00:24:42,950
Sure. 
Yeah, we increase loading up 

474
00:24:42,950 --> 00:24:48,310
there. 
But yeah, for I think we we can 

475
00:24:48,390 --> 00:24:54,840
over overattribute changes 
positive or negative to shoes 

476
00:24:54,840 --> 00:24:57,960
because it's such an easy 
variable to look at and control 

477
00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:01,520
and all the other ones still 
exist and it can be can be tough

478
00:25:01,520 --> 00:25:04,720
to tease it out. 
I will say warm up better and 

479
00:25:04,720 --> 00:25:06,120
sleep more. 
Yeah, totally. 

480
00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:08,960
I have no idea what your warm up
routine looks like. 

481
00:25:08,960 --> 00:25:13,160
It feels like a cheap shot, but 
I will say anecdotally, someone 

482
00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:15,040
who does have proximal 
hamstring. 

483
00:25:15,560 --> 00:25:17,240
Not to the point where it takes 
me out. 

484
00:25:17,640 --> 00:25:20,400
But I have it pretty recurrent 
and I've had it honestly over 

485
00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:24,680
the last like year or so on and 
off. 

486
00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:29,160
If I warm up better, I do my 
swings, I do my skips, I do my 

487
00:25:29,160 --> 00:25:33,200
strides. 
Usually goes fine, starts acting

488
00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:37,400
up, I start sleeping a little 
bit more, seems to go away a 

489
00:25:37,400 --> 00:25:38,760
little bit better. 
Like, it's like play. 

490
00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:40,360
Play with the recovery, play 
with all the other things. 

491
00:25:40,880 --> 00:25:42,640
And that could be completely 
independent of shoes because 

492
00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:44,560
we're running in different shoes
all of the time. 

493
00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:47,680
So for me, that kind of is an 
example of someone who has it 

494
00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:51,800
but isn't running in a specific 
shoe design all the time, right?

495
00:25:52,320 --> 00:25:57,280
And I think the important thing 
there is the the emerging 

496
00:25:57,280 --> 00:26:00,840
evidence on proximal hamstring 
tendinopathy makes us feel less 

497
00:26:00,840 --> 00:26:04,480
clear about the actual pain 
generating source of this stuff.

498
00:26:04,560 --> 00:26:08,310
So you know it's not necessarily
that you have a an unhealthy 

499
00:26:08,310 --> 00:26:11,030
tendon on a structural level. 
There are so many things that 

500
00:26:11,030 --> 00:26:13,070
can lead to that sort of 
soreness right there. 

501
00:26:13,270 --> 00:26:16,630
And so dealing with all of those
other factors in your running 

502
00:26:16,710 --> 00:26:20,910
pie of health, you know the all 
the different slices, working on

503
00:26:20,910 --> 00:26:22,470
those is going to be really 
important. 

504
00:26:23,190 --> 00:26:25,990
All right, Our next question is 
from Jake says my name is Jake, 

505
00:26:26,630 --> 00:26:28,710
I love the podcast. 
Been listening for a bit now. 

506
00:26:28,710 --> 00:26:30,110
Got a question for 
consideration? 

507
00:26:30,110 --> 00:26:33,430
One of your Q&A episodes for 
runners dealing with multiple 

508
00:26:33,430 --> 00:26:35,630
injury types slash issues over 
time. 

509
00:26:35,630 --> 00:26:38,430
Do you have any tips for 
consolidating strength and 

510
00:26:38,430 --> 00:26:42,350
conditioning to get the most 
bang for the overall injury 

511
00:26:42,350 --> 00:26:45,430
prevention? 
To elaborate, I'm good for at 

512
00:26:45,430 --> 00:26:48,950
least one injury a year. 
Strength and strength training 

513
00:26:48,950 --> 00:26:51,710
and PT have helped overcome IT. 
Band runners, knees, stress 

514
00:26:51,710 --> 00:26:54,910
fractures at various points, but
the routines needed to maintain 

515
00:26:54,910 --> 00:26:57,430
them add up to a lot of time and
money. 

516
00:26:57,990 --> 00:27:00,350
Once I started thinking I'm good
to go and back off the injury 

517
00:27:00,350 --> 00:27:03,710
specific routine and save time, 
always well after the appointed 

518
00:27:03,710 --> 00:27:05,750
time too. 
So he he's saying that he does 

519
00:27:05,750 --> 00:27:08,350
it for a long time. 
Afterwards stuff will start to 

520
00:27:08,350 --> 00:27:11,510
act up again and so it'll rear 
its head later. 

521
00:27:12,150 --> 00:27:13,950
So I think he's just trying to 
figure out how can you 

522
00:27:13,950 --> 00:27:17,990
consolidate this stuff? 
How can you avoid having to 

523
00:27:17,990 --> 00:27:22,150
spend so much time and money to 
be able to see APT? 

524
00:27:22,230 --> 00:27:23,990
How do you how do you kind of 
handle that? 

525
00:27:25,070 --> 00:27:27,310
I like this part, he says. 
How do I how do I keep these 

526
00:27:27,310 --> 00:27:29,950
issues update without paying APT
to handle it every time? 

527
00:27:30,270 --> 00:27:31,110
Parentheses. 
No. 

528
00:27:31,190 --> 00:27:32,710
No offense. 
Worth every penny. 

529
00:27:32,870 --> 00:27:35,510
But the co-pays are a killer. 
Absolutely they are. 

530
00:27:35,670 --> 00:27:38,070
Yes, and I totally agree. 
Yeah. 

531
00:27:38,310 --> 00:27:41,190
I always tell people I'm like, 
if I do my job well, that means 

532
00:27:41,190 --> 00:27:44,350
you won't need me. 
Like, yes, I've got a weird job 

533
00:27:44,350 --> 00:27:49,420
in that way. 
Yeah, it's a great question and 

534
00:27:49,420 --> 00:27:51,500
everyone's a little bit 
different with this as well. 

535
00:27:51,500 --> 00:27:54,860
But I feel like for the most 
part, most people tend to 

536
00:27:54,860 --> 00:27:57,540
respond well with a pretty 
simple philosophy, and that's 

537
00:27:57,540 --> 00:27:59,620
keep the hard days hard and the 
easy days easy. 

538
00:28:00,420 --> 00:28:04,420
So what that basically means is,
let's say you have a workout 

539
00:28:04,420 --> 00:28:05,420
day. 
Now, it doesn't have to be 

540
00:28:05,420 --> 00:28:08,420
immediately following the 
workout for time demands. 

541
00:28:08,420 --> 00:28:12,300
Sometimes people do like to put 
it in that way, but you can 

542
00:28:12,300 --> 00:28:15,060
still take a few hours off and 
then do a wait session or 

543
00:28:15,060 --> 00:28:17,700
something. 
Later in that day, But 

544
00:28:18,260 --> 00:28:21,180
anecdotally speaking, well, 
there's also some data showing 

545
00:28:21,180 --> 00:28:24,540
it. 
But like if you go and you do 

546
00:28:24,540 --> 00:28:28,460
like your track session or your 
Rd. workout session, and then 

547
00:28:28,460 --> 00:28:31,340
you go into a strength and 
conditioning session and then, I

548
00:28:31,900 --> 00:28:34,820
don't know, 2-3 times a week and
you're probably doing 2-3 

549
00:28:34,820 --> 00:28:38,220
workouts a week, you know those 
easy days, Keep them easy. 

550
00:28:38,220 --> 00:28:41,420
Those are meant to recover. 
You usually will have greater 

551
00:28:41,420 --> 00:28:43,580
effects on your super 
compensation like as far as like

552
00:28:43,580 --> 00:28:46,460
what you're putting in. 
Recovering building essentially 

553
00:28:46,460 --> 00:28:50,300
is what that means. 
And so as long as you're not 

554
00:28:50,300 --> 00:28:53,820
burning yourself into the ground
and you are recovering usually 

555
00:28:53,820 --> 00:28:57,060
if you kind of follow a general 
principle of hard day's hard 

556
00:28:57,060 --> 00:28:59,340
easy day's easy can go really 
well. 

557
00:28:59,660 --> 00:29:03,300
Usually you have more than one 
easy day after those hard 

558
00:29:03,300 --> 00:29:06,620
workout days, meaning from the 
running workout side of things. 

559
00:29:06,620 --> 00:29:09,020
So some people do like to have 
it the next day. 

560
00:29:09,850 --> 00:29:12,770
But for me personally, I do like
to have it same day. 

561
00:29:12,770 --> 00:29:14,410
That's always worked pretty well
for me. 

562
00:29:16,210 --> 00:29:18,810
That way you kind of have one 
big load day, get some sleep, 

563
00:29:18,810 --> 00:29:22,170
have a nice couple easy days and
you feel pretty good by the time

564
00:29:22,170 --> 00:29:25,810
that next day comes around. 
I don't like to be dipping into 

565
00:29:25,810 --> 00:29:28,290
the well too much. 
That's just me personally as far

566
00:29:28,290 --> 00:29:30,650
as like on a constant daily 
basis type thing. 

567
00:29:32,190 --> 00:29:35,990
I'm sure Jake, if you're 
listening to this, you can 

568
00:29:35,990 --> 00:29:39,350
understand it's hard for us to 
give specific advice on, on your

569
00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:42,510
situation and how to consolidate
because we don't know if you 

570
00:29:42,510 --> 00:29:45,190
have a base level of like 
regular strength training that 

571
00:29:45,190 --> 00:29:47,670
you do, right? 
So you said you back off of the 

572
00:29:47,670 --> 00:29:50,930
like injury specific rehab 
you're doing, but does that mean

573
00:29:50,930 --> 00:29:52,890
that you just stop strength 
training all together? 

574
00:29:52,890 --> 00:29:55,490
Does that mean, you know and so 
when it comes to bang for your 

575
00:29:55,490 --> 00:29:57,610
buck, it really is going to 
depend on what's your starting 

576
00:29:57,610 --> 00:29:59,730
point. 
But I think like David said, the

577
00:29:59,730 --> 00:30:02,810
having the building blocks solid
at the beginning where you're 

578
00:30:02,810 --> 00:30:06,730
not over over stressing your 
body beyond it what it can 

579
00:30:06,730 --> 00:30:09,010
handle. 
So philosophically how I would 

580
00:30:09,170 --> 00:30:11,530
approach a question like this 
for getting banged to your buck 

581
00:30:11,930 --> 00:30:15,160
is you want to look at what are 
my running demands and what are 

582
00:30:15,160 --> 00:30:18,400
my physical capacities and you 
don't want the running demand, 

583
00:30:18,640 --> 00:30:22,920
running demand to be greater 
than your physical capacity. 

584
00:30:23,080 --> 00:30:24,840
How do you know your physical 
capacity? 

585
00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:27,800
That might be finding a place 
that you could do like a once a 

586
00:30:27,800 --> 00:30:32,360
year or twice a year like, you 
know, testing with APA running 

587
00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:34,840
PT. 
Who could look at you, the 

588
00:30:34,840 --> 00:30:38,200
strength, you know, from, you 
know, your core down through 

589
00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:40,640
your legs, take a look at 
everything. 

590
00:30:40,640 --> 00:30:43,760
Look at your mobility and just 
see right now with who you are 

591
00:30:43,760 --> 00:30:46,960
in January, what sort of deficit
should you focus on for the next

592
00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:50,480
six months And build a routine 
that addresses those major 

593
00:30:50,480 --> 00:30:53,240
things that you're seeing from a
maybe a strength standpoint. 

594
00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:55,800
And then you could check in with
them six months later and just 

595
00:30:55,800 --> 00:30:59,040
reassess or if it's quarterly or
whatever, that could be one way 

596
00:30:59,040 --> 00:31:01,800
to try to get ahead of it. 
There's no guarantee that that 

597
00:31:01,800 --> 00:31:05,560
would work, but it could help 
you focus the types of training 

598
00:31:05,560 --> 00:31:07,780
that you want to do. 
When it comes to, if we're 

599
00:31:07,780 --> 00:31:11,100
talking about doing strength 
training in general, I would 

600
00:31:11,100 --> 00:31:15,500
want to find exercises that that
get globally as much as 

601
00:31:15,500 --> 00:31:17,380
possible. 
So some of my favorite like 

602
00:31:17,380 --> 00:31:20,780
three are to do something that 
targets your calves, something 

603
00:31:20,780 --> 00:31:24,740
that's going to target kind of 
like quads and it can be quads, 

604
00:31:24,740 --> 00:31:27,740
hamstring glued together and 
then something kind of posterior

605
00:31:27,740 --> 00:31:31,070
chain specific. 
So you know weighted calf raises

606
00:31:31,070 --> 00:31:34,590
being one like at some kind of 
hex bar squat and then something

607
00:31:34,590 --> 00:31:36,310
single legs like a single leg 
lunge. 

608
00:31:36,430 --> 00:31:39,550
So I feel like if you can pick 
three exercises even like that, 

609
00:31:39,710 --> 00:31:41,150
I think that could be really 
helpful. 

610
00:31:41,270 --> 00:31:44,510
We also talked about on a 
previous episode that study that

611
00:31:44,510 --> 00:31:48,270
just came out in the beginning 
of 2023 that had a a strength 

612
00:31:48,270 --> 00:31:51,590
training routine that did show 
to decrease injury and it was I 

613
00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:56,130
think three days a week where 
they had to do about 20 to 35 

614
00:31:56,130 --> 00:31:59,050
minutes of exercise. 
Maybe check that out and you 

615
00:31:59,050 --> 00:32:01,130
know we have a shake out about 
that as well. 

616
00:32:01,130 --> 00:32:04,610
And I have all the exercises 
listed so that that would be 

617
00:32:04,610 --> 00:32:06,890
another option. 
Is there's something there in 

618
00:32:06,890 --> 00:32:09,290
the literature that worked with 
runner with a with a certain 

619
00:32:09,290 --> 00:32:12,690
group of runners maybe start 
there as a building block or if 

620
00:32:12,690 --> 00:32:16,890
you have APT that you trust see 
them prophylactically and see if

621
00:32:17,010 --> 00:32:21,330
they have some sort of service 
that you could do that that's 

622
00:32:21,330 --> 00:32:24,250
maybe cash based that no you 
wouldn't be able to use your 

623
00:32:24,250 --> 00:32:27,090
insurance and it wouldn't be a 
co-pay but it might be cheaper 

624
00:32:27,090 --> 00:32:29,530
you know, I know like that's 
what we do is you know our cash 

625
00:32:29,530 --> 00:32:32,530
based stuff is is more 
affordable it just doesn't go 

626
00:32:32,530 --> 00:32:34,650
towards deductibles but you 
can't use HSA. 

627
00:32:34,970 --> 00:32:37,610
So it's a complicated question 
and we don't have a specific 

628
00:32:37,610 --> 00:32:40,410
thing, but I would just try to 
figure out are the demands that 

629
00:32:40,410 --> 00:32:42,930
you have if you're running, are 
you doing too much, too fast? 

630
00:32:43,640 --> 00:32:47,320
Does it match the strength and 
mobility that you have in your 

631
00:32:47,320 --> 00:32:48,520
body? 
But that's a really good 

632
00:32:48,520 --> 00:32:52,440
question and hope that some of 
the thoughts that we had can can

633
00:32:52,440 --> 00:32:56,360
help you hone in and make the 
best use of your time, because 

634
00:32:56,360 --> 00:32:58,840
it's not easy to. 
I know some of the exercises I 

635
00:32:58,840 --> 00:33:01,920
give to people early in rehab 
are like one muscle that you 

636
00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:04,400
work on might take or one 
movement that you work on might 

637
00:33:04,400 --> 00:33:07,120
take you 10 minutes and you got 
to do like 4 different 

638
00:33:07,120 --> 00:33:09,160
movements. 
So I just know it can take a 

639
00:33:09,160 --> 00:33:12,630
long take a long time. 
Anything else on that one? 

640
00:33:12,710 --> 00:33:15,070
Yeah, I just want to say that 
Nathan forgot. 

641
00:33:15,070 --> 00:33:16,350
Arm day. 
Arm day. 

642
00:33:16,350 --> 00:33:20,510
Yes, I I felt like. 
You're going to say whole body 

643
00:33:20,510 --> 00:33:23,630
and completely exclude 
everything from the abdominal 

644
00:33:23,630 --> 00:33:26,190
region up? 
Well, we only run with our legs,

645
00:33:26,190 --> 00:33:28,790
so we don't we don't do anything
else. 

646
00:33:29,350 --> 00:33:32,590
Just some basic postural support
you could throw in some bands, 

647
00:33:32,590 --> 00:33:35,990
some rotate like just some basic
rotation, some rows. 

648
00:33:36,550 --> 00:33:39,430
Like that would still benefit 
you and it's quick and fast and 

649
00:33:39,430 --> 00:33:42,630
that could easily be thrown into
that program without having an 

650
00:33:42,630 --> 00:33:44,710
entirely other day dedicated to 
it. 

651
00:33:45,590 --> 00:33:49,750
So just kind of like 
prioritizing a few exercises and

652
00:33:49,750 --> 00:33:52,150
just and working on them. 
That's kind of how I do it. 

653
00:33:52,150 --> 00:33:55,950
I mean we we work full time. 
You know, it's like I'll run 

654
00:33:56,230 --> 00:34:00,510
sometimes Jesus, 14 miles before
work, you know, And I've got a 

655
00:34:00,790 --> 00:34:03,980
9:00 client, like. 
And then it's like you work 9 to

656
00:34:03,980 --> 00:34:06,140
whatever your lunch is and then 
I'm just squeezing something 

657
00:34:06,140 --> 00:34:08,300
into my lunch while I'm doing 
notes and stuff. 

658
00:34:08,300 --> 00:34:12,020
So like, I don't exactly have 
the perfect strength and 

659
00:34:12,020 --> 00:34:14,659
conditioning routine either, but
I I try to just kind of 

660
00:34:14,659 --> 00:34:17,699
prioritize a couple things what 
I feel I need, and then I just 

661
00:34:17,699 --> 00:34:19,739
kind of go to work from there. 
Yeah, it's great. 

662
00:34:19,980 --> 00:34:22,219
Also, when I was saying that you
don't need your arms, I was 

663
00:34:22,699 --> 00:34:25,020
being sarcastic. 
No, no, he was being serious. 

664
00:34:25,020 --> 00:34:28,739
Yeah, he doesn't believe in. 
I don't believe in arms. 

665
00:34:28,739 --> 00:34:30,139
He. 
Doesn't believe in arms. 

666
00:34:30,260 --> 00:34:34,290
He's T Rex Gang. 
All right, here we go. 

667
00:34:34,489 --> 00:34:36,810
This is a question from Katrina 
said. 

668
00:34:36,810 --> 00:34:39,130
I was curious what your 
experience has been working with

669
00:34:39,130 --> 00:34:41,850
runners who are trying to manage
hip impingement syndrome 

670
00:34:42,290 --> 00:34:46,170
syndrome conservatively, since 
the bone issue Can PT really 

671
00:34:46,170 --> 00:34:49,770
help manage pain, slash symptoms
long term or running make it 

672
00:34:49,770 --> 00:34:52,449
worse down the line? 
Do you ever work with runners 

673
00:34:52,449 --> 00:34:54,929
who are able to manage this 
injury and get back to running, 

674
00:34:54,929 --> 00:34:57,810
even racing longer distances, 
like half in full marathons with

675
00:34:57,810 --> 00:35:00,570
PT alone? 
I think it's a great question. 

676
00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:04,120
When you take a look at things 
anatomically, oh, you have some 

677
00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:05,760
hip impingement stuff going on 
too, right? 

678
00:35:06,200 --> 00:35:08,480
Yeah, I'll talk about my. 
I'll talk about my experience. 

679
00:35:08,480 --> 00:35:10,560
Do you want me to go first? 
Sure, yeah. 

680
00:35:10,560 --> 00:35:13,360
I feel like you have the most 
like personal experience with 

681
00:35:13,360 --> 00:35:16,440
it. 
I've got this anatomical, you 

682
00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:19,160
know, theoretical way to 
approach it, but you you live 

683
00:35:19,160 --> 00:35:24,040
it, so sure, yeah. 
I think what what we know is, so

684
00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:27,400
the the medical term for this is
femoral acetabular impingement 

685
00:35:27,400 --> 00:35:30,000
syndrome and it can be caused by
a lot of things. 

686
00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:33,840
Yeah, FAI. 
And so you know it sounds like 

687
00:35:34,080 --> 00:35:37,280
you've may have had imaging 
that's showing Bony changes. 

688
00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:40,960
I've personally had imaging 
through X-ray that has shown 

689
00:35:40,960 --> 00:35:43,160
Bony changes. 
I have what's called a Cam 

690
00:35:43,400 --> 00:35:46,760
lesion and a pincer lesion. 
It means that I have overgrowth 

691
00:35:46,840 --> 00:35:49,960
of both like the ball and the 
neck of that ball and the 

692
00:35:49,960 --> 00:35:52,960
socket, which just means that 
the bones come together a lot 

693
00:35:52,960 --> 00:35:57,880
more quickly than they do if you
if you have more space 

694
00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:02,400
obviously. 
So I have pretty severe FAI when

695
00:36:02,400 --> 00:36:06,080
it comes to the anatomical radio
graphic findings. 

696
00:36:06,080 --> 00:36:11,320
So I went in just my story. 
I guess I was I I raised a 5K. 

697
00:36:11,600 --> 00:36:16,400
This was number of years ago now
and I had some pretty intense 

698
00:36:16,400 --> 00:36:20,720
anterior hip pain and thigh pain
and radiate down my thigh pretty

699
00:36:20,720 --> 00:36:23,680
intense just with like sitting. 
I couldn't sit at work. 

700
00:36:24,630 --> 00:36:26,830
I would have to be standing. 
When I was working with people, 

701
00:36:27,070 --> 00:36:29,350
it was pretty intense. 
So I ended up trying to work on 

702
00:36:29,350 --> 00:36:32,430
A conservatively for about four 
months and it just wasn't 

703
00:36:32,430 --> 00:36:36,030
getting better. 
I went and I saw an orthopedist 

704
00:36:36,030 --> 00:36:38,510
to get another opinion. 
He took X-rays and I hadn't had 

705
00:36:38,510 --> 00:36:41,590
any imaging up to that point. 
And this is where they showed me

706
00:36:41,590 --> 00:36:44,190
the kind of the changes in that 
Cam and pincer lesion. 

707
00:36:44,510 --> 00:36:47,470
And what he said to me is I want
you to get an MRI and then I'd 

708
00:36:47,470 --> 00:36:49,470
love to get you scheduled for 
surgery next week. 

709
00:36:50,380 --> 00:36:52,580
And this is a surgeon I really 
like, by the way. 

710
00:36:52,580 --> 00:36:55,020
Like, I respect him, which made 
it feel all the scarier. 

711
00:36:55,020 --> 00:36:59,420
And he actually said to me in 
the meeting, he said, So what we

712
00:36:59,420 --> 00:37:01,460
would do is I want to do a hip 
resurfacing. 

713
00:37:01,460 --> 00:37:05,180
We call them hip preservation 
procedures, and we would want to

714
00:37:05,180 --> 00:37:07,900
do that so that it can preserve 
your hip for the long term and 

715
00:37:08,100 --> 00:37:10,140
delay a hip replacement, he 
said. 

716
00:37:10,140 --> 00:37:12,860
But if we go in there and it's 
bad enough, we will just do a 

717
00:37:12,860 --> 00:37:15,260
hip replacement while we're in 
there. 

718
00:37:15,830 --> 00:37:19,350
And that freaked me out because 
I'm at the time I was 30 years 

719
00:37:19,390 --> 00:37:21,870
old or 29. 
I think it was 29 years old when

720
00:37:21,870 --> 00:37:25,590
I went in and talked to him. 
And I was, I like, my heart rate

721
00:37:25,590 --> 00:37:28,910
was just racing. 
I was like really thrown by that

722
00:37:28,910 --> 00:37:32,670
conversation. 
And it also was scary because we

723
00:37:32,670 --> 00:37:36,110
had radiographs to back up, you 
know what's going on. 

724
00:37:36,110 --> 00:37:39,030
It's like, oh, you've got this 
big overgrowth of your bone. 

725
00:37:39,710 --> 00:37:42,910
So I had to sit with that. 
I ended up not doing the MRI 

726
00:37:44,040 --> 00:37:46,880
honestly because of money. 
We have a huge deductible and it

727
00:37:46,880 --> 00:37:50,640
would have cost me like $6000 
and I wasn't ready to do that. 

728
00:37:52,280 --> 00:37:55,200
And I still to this day haven't 
haven't had surgery. 

729
00:37:56,400 --> 00:37:59,080
I did a lot of rehab. 
I did a lot of strengthening. 

730
00:37:59,440 --> 00:38:03,360
For me, one of the things ended 
up helping was a lot of mobility

731
00:38:03,360 --> 00:38:08,680
and strength work of my hip 
adductors, my AD doctors, kind 

732
00:38:08,680 --> 00:38:11,360
of the forgotten hip muscle with
all the attention that the glute

733
00:38:11,360 --> 00:38:13,960
Mead gets and the piriformis 
gets, you know. 

734
00:38:14,200 --> 00:38:15,880
So I was working on my 
adductors. 

735
00:38:15,880 --> 00:38:19,480
For me that ended up being part 
of my puzzle that turned started

736
00:38:19,480 --> 00:38:22,490
turning things around. 
But since then I have personally

737
00:38:22,490 --> 00:38:26,050
been back to racing. 
Since then I have ran my best 

738
00:38:26,050 --> 00:38:31,370
marathon I've ever ran. 
I also PR Ed my 5K or sorry I PR

739
00:38:31,370 --> 00:38:35,010
Ed my MY20K after that in this 
over this past year or so. 

740
00:38:36,330 --> 00:38:38,650
In short, yes, it's very 
possible. 

741
00:38:38,890 --> 00:38:42,170
I think there are still question
marks in terms of like what's my

742
00:38:42,170 --> 00:38:45,170
future 20 years from now look 
like Because the literally the 

743
00:38:45,170 --> 00:38:47,920
jury is out on this. 
We just don't know the way I 

744
00:38:47,920 --> 00:38:50,480
like to approach it. 
And obviously coming from APT 

745
00:38:50,480 --> 00:38:53,440
background, I'd rather work on 
all of the ways that I can 

746
00:38:53,440 --> 00:38:57,000
improve the amount of mobility 
and space that I can make so 

747
00:38:57,000 --> 00:39:01,120
that I don't have to go through 
a surgery now to potentially 

748
00:39:01,120 --> 00:39:04,240
prevent one later. 
I just don't think, you know and

749
00:39:04,240 --> 00:39:06,720
I'd love to hear from a surgeon 
who maybe has some really good 

750
00:39:06,720 --> 00:39:08,760
evidence on hip preservation 
procedures. 

751
00:39:09,210 --> 00:39:11,130
But I just don't think the 
evidence is quite solid enough 

752
00:39:11,130 --> 00:39:14,530
for me to jump in on a on a 
surgical option for myself right

753
00:39:14,530 --> 00:39:16,050
now. 
Because I was able to 

754
00:39:16,050 --> 00:39:20,730
rehabilitate to the point where 
I can go and not have to have 

755
00:39:20,730 --> 00:39:23,930
the pain afterwards like I ran 
that like my hip has never been 

756
00:39:23,930 --> 00:39:25,410
an issue when it comes to 
running. 

757
00:39:25,530 --> 00:39:28,610
Especially because when you go 
think about hip range of motion 

758
00:39:28,610 --> 00:39:31,890
for long distance running, 
you're not necessarily pushing 

759
00:39:31,890 --> 00:39:34,290
into these end ranges where 
you're leading to that 

760
00:39:34,290 --> 00:39:38,380
impingement in the hip. 
And so I if you can work on your

761
00:39:38,380 --> 00:39:41,900
mechanics to avoid hip internal 
rotation, hip adduction, and 

762
00:39:41,900 --> 00:39:44,860
keep a stable pelvis and also 
work on the mobility through 

763
00:39:44,860 --> 00:39:48,180
your low back. 
And like if you can work on the 

764
00:39:48,180 --> 00:39:51,500
stuff around your hip to 
maximize their capacity, work on

765
00:39:51,500 --> 00:39:53,980
your mechanics so that you're 
not dipping into those ranges 

766
00:39:53,980 --> 00:39:58,100
that lead to an impingement, I 
think you I think it's totally 

767
00:39:58,100 --> 00:40:00,740
possible and obviously that's 
the route that I personally 

768
00:40:00,740 --> 00:40:03,820
chose for myself. 
I also have worked with runners 

769
00:40:03,820 --> 00:40:06,850
who have done both directions. 
And I actually have one that I 

770
00:40:06,850 --> 00:40:10,170
worked with where on one hip 
they had surgery and on and 

771
00:40:10,170 --> 00:40:12,450
they'd had a laparoscopic 
surgery on the other hip. 

772
00:40:12,530 --> 00:40:15,610
We treated it conservatively and
they're doing great in both. 

773
00:40:15,690 --> 00:40:20,170
So you know like the it's 
they're in a good spot and it is

774
00:40:20,170 --> 00:40:23,370
a it can be a scary thing. 
But that's my story in terms of 

775
00:40:23,410 --> 00:40:25,730
coming through it conservatively
and it's I think it's totally 

776
00:40:25,730 --> 00:40:28,630
possible. 
But David, what do you want to 

777
00:40:28,630 --> 00:40:29,990
add anything to it? 
No. 

778
00:40:29,990 --> 00:40:31,670
Yeah. 
Thank you for sharing that. 

779
00:40:31,670 --> 00:40:34,390
I think that's very insightful 
and it's, I think it's very 

780
00:40:34,390 --> 00:40:35,950
helpful. 
You know, it's a very human 

781
00:40:35,950 --> 00:40:38,310
experience and way to look and 
approach this. 

782
00:40:39,030 --> 00:40:41,270
I I feel like you touched it 
very well. 

783
00:40:41,270 --> 00:40:44,150
When I take a look at 
anatomically what's going on, 

784
00:40:44,150 --> 00:40:46,510
something's impinging it, right,
whether it's a Cam lesion, 

785
00:40:46,510 --> 00:40:50,110
pincer lesion, something isn't 
letting that thing go into full 

786
00:40:50,110 --> 00:40:52,030
range. 
And traditionally the most 

787
00:40:52,030 --> 00:40:55,190
impinging positions are going to
be flexion hip coming up IE 

788
00:40:55,190 --> 00:40:56,470
sitting like you were 
mentioning. 

789
00:40:56,930 --> 00:40:59,930
Internal rotation, adduction, 
there's a test called a fader. 

790
00:40:59,930 --> 00:41:02,570
It's Just Dance reflection 
adduction, internal rotation. 

791
00:41:02,930 --> 00:41:05,690
And you basically take that, put
it up forward, jam that thing 

792
00:41:05,690 --> 00:41:07,490
inwards and be like, does this 
hurt? 

793
00:41:07,490 --> 00:41:13,290
And it's like, yes, that hurts. 
But essentially when we look at 

794
00:41:13,290 --> 00:41:14,810
running, there's an impact as 
well. 

795
00:41:14,810 --> 00:41:18,050
So you're landing that femur 
kind of with gravity kind of 

796
00:41:18,050 --> 00:41:19,890
comes down and adducts and 
internally rotates. 

797
00:41:19,890 --> 00:41:23,730
And so even though it's not all 
three, it is 2 of them. 

798
00:41:24,400 --> 00:41:27,680
And so that can create a little 
bit of a jarring force into that

799
00:41:27,680 --> 00:41:31,160
region. 
And so I the way I approach that

800
00:41:31,160 --> 00:41:33,440
and I've been able to manage a 
lot of these conservatively as 

801
00:41:33,440 --> 00:41:36,880
well from the people that do 
come in and see me like, is 

802
00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:39,200
being able to control that, 
being able to create enough 

803
00:41:39,200 --> 00:41:42,160
torque to help stabilize your 
pelvis, your hips, your spine, 

804
00:41:42,160 --> 00:41:46,560
like that's huge because that 
helps you attenuate forces and 

805
00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:48,880
that doesn't go to the passive 
structures as much. 

806
00:41:48,880 --> 00:41:51,580
And you did say that. 
And so I feel like you touched 

807
00:41:51,580 --> 00:41:54,420
on pretty much everything I 
would like to and I actually, I 

808
00:41:54,660 --> 00:41:56,820
really appreciate that you 
brought up the adductors as well

809
00:41:56,820 --> 00:42:00,300
because even though they're on 
the inside of the groin and they

810
00:42:00,300 --> 00:42:02,780
go this way and they kind of 
internally rotate a little bit, 

811
00:42:02,780 --> 00:42:05,540
it feels counter intuitive, but 
they actually do work really 

812
00:42:05,540 --> 00:42:09,180
well as pelvic stabilizers as 
well, especially when you're 

813
00:42:09,180 --> 00:42:11,760
running. 
And they can help a little bit 

814
00:42:11,760 --> 00:42:14,560
when you're in that end range 
flexion and that extension, they

815
00:42:14,560 --> 00:42:17,560
can almost act a little bit like
a hamstring and a hip flexor at 

816
00:42:17,560 --> 00:42:19,680
the same time. 
They can kind of help augment 

817
00:42:19,680 --> 00:42:22,560
that transition. 
And I think people don't talk 

818
00:42:22,560 --> 00:42:25,840
about that enough. 
So I honestly, I couldn't have 

819
00:42:25,840 --> 00:42:29,360
said it better myself. 
So, yeah, I appreciate what your

820
00:42:29,360 --> 00:42:30,480
answer was. 
Yeah. 

821
00:42:31,000 --> 00:42:32,600
Yeah, I'm happy to share that 
story too. 

822
00:42:32,600 --> 00:42:34,920
I think it's helpful. 
It's one that I process through 

823
00:42:34,920 --> 00:42:37,850
it. 
You know it's it's a gift that I

824
00:42:37,850 --> 00:42:40,410
could use that story to relate 
to people when they're 

825
00:42:40,410 --> 00:42:43,690
processing all the decisions 
because of how because of how 

826
00:42:43,890 --> 00:42:46,410
unknown some of the stuff with 
hip is right now. 

827
00:42:47,010 --> 00:42:48,730
It can be scary to try to 
navigate it. 

828
00:42:48,730 --> 00:42:52,770
So I I have found it a gift to 
be able to empathize I think 

829
00:42:52,770 --> 00:42:56,570
with with people. 
I was going to say something 

830
00:42:56,570 --> 00:42:58,730
else. 
Oh, with the adductors, you know

831
00:42:59,010 --> 00:43:02,450
we again we think about pelvic 
drop and that being a job to 

832
00:43:02,450 --> 00:43:07,650
control by the by the abductors.
So they glute meat but if you 

833
00:43:07,650 --> 00:43:10,250
don't have anything stabilizing 
the inside, you just have a 

834
00:43:10,250 --> 00:43:12,810
floppy pelvis. 
And I think that the adductors 

835
00:43:12,810 --> 00:43:17,170
are this huge muscle group. 
Glute meat is tiny in comparison

836
00:43:17,170 --> 00:43:19,730
to these adductors and so 
there's a reason that they're 

837
00:43:19,730 --> 00:43:21,450
there. 
They're also not super well 

838
00:43:21,450 --> 00:43:25,250
understood but they do ACT in 
multiple ways like David said as

839
00:43:25,250 --> 00:43:26,730
a hamstring. 
But they just give you that 

840
00:43:26,730 --> 00:43:29,930
stable platform to operate off 
of their really neat muscle. 

841
00:43:30,970 --> 00:43:33,370
So there's a there's a lot of 
fun stuff there. 

842
00:43:33,490 --> 00:43:44,190
So David, my last question for 
you is if if he was wearing the 

843
00:43:44,230 --> 00:43:49,590
adios whatever Evo One, does he 
go sub two hours? 

844
00:43:49,910 --> 00:43:53,070
Of course he does. 
I hate this question. 

845
00:43:53,510 --> 00:43:54,310
Of course he does. 
Why? 

846
00:43:54,470 --> 00:43:57,830
I know. 
I asked him. 

847
00:43:59,030 --> 00:44:01,030
Of course, why? 
Why would why did you even ask 

848
00:44:01,030 --> 00:44:04,470
me this, Nathan? 
No, I'm kidding. 

849
00:44:04,910 --> 00:44:06,870
We don't know. 
We have no idea. 

850
00:44:07,390 --> 00:44:10,350
We have no idea. 
I mean, if you do take, we'd 

851
00:44:10,350 --> 00:44:13,270
have to do some math on it. 
But if you take that whole like 

852
00:44:13,270 --> 00:44:16,470
was 100%, if you do it can't do 
it. 

853
00:44:16,470 --> 00:44:19,110
That's enough to take 20 
something seconds off, maybe, I 

854
00:44:19,110 --> 00:44:20,350
don't know. 
Who knows? 

855
00:44:20,350 --> 00:44:23,070
No, because the geometry, the 
foam, everything's different. 

856
00:44:23,070 --> 00:44:24,790
It's. 
But I I think we should just 

857
00:44:24,790 --> 00:44:27,230
spell the fact that we can't 
just say if they were wearing 

858
00:44:27,230 --> 00:44:29,510
this shoe, it's automatically 
better because it's lighter. 

859
00:44:29,510 --> 00:44:33,030
I don't think it's that simple. 
Anyway, I'm so glad everybody 

860
00:44:33,030 --> 00:44:34,830
came. 
We love doing these mailbags 

861
00:44:34,830 --> 00:44:37,270
because we, we love interacting 
with you through this. 

862
00:44:37,270 --> 00:44:38,990
So thank you for submitting 
questions. 

863
00:44:39,190 --> 00:44:42,030
Please submit more again by 
commenting if you're on YouTube 

864
00:44:42,590 --> 00:44:46,430
or if you are listening, you can
send us an e-mail at doctor 

865
00:44:46,430 --> 00:44:48,790
vernier@gmail.com. 
So thank you for joining us 

866
00:44:48,790 --> 00:44:51,070
today and we'll look forward to 
talking to you next time.

