1
00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:05,920
All right. 
So let's talk about two terms 

2
00:00:06,440 --> 00:00:10,840
that people confuse all the time
and what are those two terms? 

3
00:00:11,440 --> 00:00:19,360
Those two terms are Ischemia 
versus infarction. 

4
00:00:23,120 --> 00:00:27,080
So a lot of the times people 
confuse these terms because 

5
00:00:27,080 --> 00:00:31,040
while they both start with the 
letter I ischemia versus 

6
00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:37,080
infarction, both of them end up 
having some sort of an issue 

7
00:00:37,560 --> 00:00:40,880
where you see it. 
And we'll talk about, I'm going 

8
00:00:40,880 --> 00:00:44,400
to use cardio as an example here
because I think that's going to 

9
00:00:44,400 --> 00:00:48,040
be the highest yield where it's 
going to show up. 

10
00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:58,400
So with ischemia, it is actually
a decreased blood flow to a 

11
00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:01,880
certain portion of the heart. 
Again, we're going to stick to 

12
00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:08,320
just cardio right now, whereas 
infarction is actually no blood 

13
00:01:08,320 --> 00:01:14,360
flow. 
So can Ischemia lead to infarct?

14
00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:19,960
Absolutely, absolutely. 
Can Ischemia stand by itself? 

15
00:01:20,560 --> 00:01:23,200
Absolutely. 
So again, Ischemia is going to 

16
00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:26,440
be decreased of blood flow, 
which means I'm going to have 

17
00:01:26,440 --> 00:01:30,600
decreased oxygen to that portion
of the heart. 

18
00:01:31,320 --> 00:01:36,240
If I have decreased blood flow 
or decreased oxygen, it's going 

19
00:01:36,240 --> 00:01:45,880
to lead to chest pain and chest 
pain is known as angina, whereas

20
00:01:46,080 --> 00:01:49,680
infarction is a complete loss of
blood flow. 

21
00:01:50,160 --> 00:01:54,360
So it's not going to just lead 
to chest pain, it it's going to 

22
00:01:54,360 --> 00:02:04,320
lead to full blown necrosis or 
cell death and that cell death 

23
00:02:04,960 --> 00:02:18,200
or are cardiomyocytes which are 
what cardio meaning heart, myo 

24
00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:21,600
meaning muscle sites meaning 
cells. 

25
00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:28,600
So the cells of our heart muscle
are now dying. 

26
00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:34,520
So there's a big difference 
between a lack of blood flow and

27
00:02:34,520 --> 00:02:37,120
oxygen to a portion of the heart
which is going to lead to that 

28
00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:43,880
chest pain or that angina versus
an infarct where we have no 

29
00:02:43,880 --> 00:02:48,200
blood flow and that portion of 
the heart is dying off. 

30
00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:55,720
So the difference between the 
two is ischemia is milder than 

31
00:02:55,760 --> 00:03:00,160
infarct. 
However, ischemia or that lack 

32
00:03:00,160 --> 00:03:06,120
of blood flow could just be the 
beginning of that blockage that 

33
00:03:06,120 --> 00:03:10,880
will ultimately lead to an 
infarct if we do not do 

34
00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:14,520
something about it. 
What we want to do here with 

35
00:03:14,600 --> 00:03:18,320
angina, we want to take care of 
that blood flow. 

36
00:03:18,640 --> 00:03:23,560
So a lot of different things we 
can do, medication is one of 

37
00:03:23,560 --> 00:03:27,600
them invasive procedures like 
stents is another one of them 

38
00:03:27,600 --> 00:03:29,920
infarct. 
We're watching out for these 

39
00:03:29,920 --> 00:03:36,560
cardiomyocytes dying off because
there is no blood flow, there is

40
00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:39,680
no blood flow. 
So again these cardiomyocytes 

41
00:03:39,680 --> 00:03:42,480
are dying off. 
We're worried about what is the 

42
00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:46,600
pneumonic that I always talk 
about that is going to save you 

43
00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:50,720
and or help you significantly is
ask graft. 

44
00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:54,080
Because when these 
cardiomyocytes start to die off,

45
00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:59,200
they are going to release a lot 
of potassium. 

46
00:03:59,800 --> 00:04:04,440
So now we're worried about 
ventricular fibrillation or if 

47
00:04:04,440 --> 00:04:10,080
these cells are dying off 
because of no blood flow because

48
00:04:10,080 --> 00:04:15,360
of an infarct. 
It can also lead to weakness in 

49
00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:20,959
the cell, weakness in the heart 
wall which means it can rupture 

50
00:04:21,399 --> 00:04:26,000
and now we've got hemorrhaging. 
So again, ischemia, lack of 

51
00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:31,120
blood flow, lack of oxygen can 
lead to chest pain or angina 

52
00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:36,640
infarct, full blown block of 
blood flow leading to necrosis 

53
00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:39,680
cell death or looking out for 
ask graft. 

54
00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:42,400
So I hope you understand the 
difference between the two and 

55
00:04:42,400 --> 00:04:44,840
don't get them confused. 
Of course I use them just for 

56
00:04:44,840 --> 00:04:46,920
cardio right now because that's 
super high yield. 

57
00:04:47,200 --> 00:04:53,720
But both ischemia and infarction
can because or can happen at any

58
00:04:53,720 --> 00:04:56,840
part of the body, any part of 
the body. 

59
00:04:57,280 --> 00:04:58,200
Hope you enjoy it. 
Take care.