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Problem that it sort of feels 
like no one's really talking 

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about, but we all sort of sense 
that it's there and we're 

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certainly all experiencing sort 
of like the impacts or the 

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consequences of some of those 
systemic choices that are being 

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made. 
Hello everyone, welcome back to 

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a new episode of the AIJ Design 
Podcast. 

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I'm Julia Donatello, Design 
competitions and event manager 

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at AIG, the Professional 
Association for Design, and my 

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Co host. 
I'm Li Shan Huang, Co Executive 

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Director of Learning and 
Programs here at AIGA. 

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So this season on the show, we 
are exploring the theme of eyes 

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on design. 
We have three different eyes, 

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each representing a different 
lens through which we will look 

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at design practice. 
And so the first one is the 

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critical eye, which is about 
stepping back, asking hard 

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questions about what we do as 
designers, what we make, the 

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industry that we're a part of, 
and its context in the broader 

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world. 
We also have the connecting eye 

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because we recognize that design
doesn't exist in a vacuum. 

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It touches technology, business,
culture, science, all sorts of 

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things. 
And so how do we connect with 

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other disciplines and people 
making stuff? 

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And then finally, the future. 
I always looking forward to see 

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where design is going, where 
technology is going, and how we 

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are making the future together. 
And our guest for this episode 

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is Benji Willem. 
He's worn many hats over the 

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years as an agency founder, 
brand strategist, design 

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educator at ASU, the Arizona 
State University, and now also 

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as director of strategic 
initiatives at UCDA, which is 

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the University and College 
Designers Association. 

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Today, he is here to talk about 
various things we've started 

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talking about in our pre record 
about power, about pay, our 

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compensation as designers and 
how to actually professionalize 

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our industry more. 
So welcome, Benji. 

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Thank you. 
Happy to be here. 

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Excited to be here. 
So, Benji, thank you so much for

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joining us today. 
I wanted to hear a little bit 

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from you. 
How did your career start? 

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So how did you get into design? 
And what then also brought you 

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to design education? 
That's where you're working with

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at the moment. 
Yeah, I so I think I got my 

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starting design the same way 
like most millennials of my age 

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did, right? 
Like it from sort of interacting

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with sort of popular culture, 
album covers, T-shirts, posters,

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things like that. 
Spending entirely too much time 

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trying to make my Myspace look 
cool while also not 

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understanding a single bit of 
HTML. 

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And so that's sort of like what 
inspired it. 

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And then from there, I just was 
lucky enough to realize one that

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I sort of picked a great program
to go to the undergrad for. 

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And then also was just lucky 
that after learning about design

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being so many more things, I 
still was really excited about 

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it and wanted to continue 
learning and continue doing it. 

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And then sort of leading my way 
into design education. 

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It was always sort of at the 
periphery for me when I ran my 

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agency. 
So I've actually started my 

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agency nine months after getting
out of undergrad because I 

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graduated into like a really not
great economy, had a first 

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design job. 
It went well, but was sort of 

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seeing a non design leader sort 
of struggle to sell design to 

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clients. 
And it was a business that had 

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been running for like 15 years. 
And so I kind of was like, man, 

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if this guy can do it, I can do 
that, right? 

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Like I'm like, this is easy. 
I could do this. 

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Like this guy can do it, I could
do it. 

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And so when I got let go from 
that job because we lost in 

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contracts and things that just 
sort of happened and there was 

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really no work left, I was like,
I'm just going to give it one 

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month. 
I've got a month left on my 

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lease. 
I'm going to give it one month, 

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try it. 
And if I can start making money 

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in 30 days, I'll just keep going
with it. 

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And then like 7-8 years later, 
it was sort of history at that 

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point. 
But I always wanted to be like, 

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oh, if I'm running my own 
agency, I want to sort of teach 

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the way that like all of the 
people we learn about in design 

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school always did because that 
felt like a valuable way to sort

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of contribute. 
But I also quickly realized out 

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of design school and while 
working that the one thing I 

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really missed was sort of the 
way that there's like that 

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culture of always learning and 
exploring that happened in 

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design school. 
And so I always tried to bring 

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that into how I structured the 
agency, but it's just not the 

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same, right? 
And so wanting to be an educator

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was sort of always there. 
And then actually getting the 

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job as an educator was sort of a
bit of serendipity and 

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necessity, to be honest, so. 
Yeah, I love that. 

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I love hearing folks how they 
started their own business, 

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Special Designers, because many 
of them run their business in 

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parallel to some other full time
jobs. 

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So it's always very interesting 
to hear how everything started. 

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It's great that you're now 
teaching at ASU. 

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And I wanted to hear a little 
bit if you felt that your 

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perspective has changed now that
you're changed the roles from, 

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you know, working in the 
industry and now stepping into 

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the education system. 
How do how do you feel that your

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your perspective has changed? 
It's changed a lot, I think. 

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I think from the outside, like 
sort of looking in as someone 

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who is a design student, both 
undergrad and grad school, and 

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then also sort of a working 
designer, I sort of had this 

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perspective of the industry that
I think was very sort of like 

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job focused and thinking about 
like, oh, what's the market 

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doing? 
What's job availability? 

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Like what like hiring practices,
firing practice, like all of 

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those sort of logistical things.
And but then also a lot of the 

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sort of like how do we as 
designers move up and stay and 

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like become a senior level, but 
not actually have to maybe go 

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into people management if we 
don't want to, Which often times

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sort of feels like a, a dead end
route if that's what you want to

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do. 
And you're like, I just want to 

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design, but not maybe make entry
level wages for my whole career.

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But then sort of being able to 
see it from this sort of the 

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education insider perspective 
was really, really eye opening, 

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I think because it's sort of 
allowed me to find the ways in 

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which like the whole system 
started to sort of connect. 

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Which is really when I also 
started to recognize that like 

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there's a really big systemic 
problem that it sort of feels 

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like no one's really talking 
about, but we all sort of sense 

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that it's there and we're 
certainly all experiencing sort 

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of like the impacts or the 
consequences of some of those 

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systemic choices that are being 
made. 

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And that's sort of where I, 
when, you know, the call went 

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out for the podcast, I was like,
hey, I have this really crazy 

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idea in the past, it's ruffled 
some feathers. 

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I've gotten cancelled on design 
Twitter before over these ideas.

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Like would love to talk about 
them, but I think that that's 

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sort of the education 
perspective, insider perspective

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really allowed me to understand 
in a more nuanced way, like how 

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all these pieces are connecting 
and has really helped me sort of

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establish like a, an idea or a 
vision rather for like, here's a

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possible way out, but like we've
got to do something. 

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Yeah, I love what you're saying 
because I feel like when I was 

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in grad school, I went also to 
to design as a, as a grad 

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school. 
There were all of these 

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initiatives. 
Like I felt like majority of our

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my, our cohort was very worried 
about getting a job afterwards. 

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Many of us were international. 
So that was a lot of struggle 

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and finding jobs. 
And then I remember the 

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professors were really trying to
push another perspective in 

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terms of what if you don't think
about this right now and 

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experience design school in a 
very exploratory way and like 

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not really focused on what job 
am I going to get? 

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How much am I going to get paid 
and all that. 

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So I remember also being on this
space of wait, I, I, I can also 

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actually explore and live this 
experience in a more intentional

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way without actually thinking so
much how this is going to be 

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useful for, for the market 
afterwards. 

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So, yeah, I love the 
perspective. 

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We heard that you recently 
stepped into a new role as a 

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director of strategic 
initiatives at UCDA. 

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What does it mean? 
And what, what have been your 

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experiences so far, your 
responsibilities in the projects

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that you've been involved? 
You can share a little bit about

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it. 
So on the service, I think it 

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really looks like sort of 
figuring out what does a design 

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organization look like now, but 
also what does it look like sort

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of in 510 or 20 years from now. 
Particularly in the context of 

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how does it serve its members 
when those members no longer 

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resemble the people that they 
were decades ago. 

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Or the the membership no longer 
looks like what membership and 

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design organizations looked like
a decade ago. 

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Because the reality is that has 
shifted dramatically in the last

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1020 years. 
Even when I first started going 

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to sort of AIGA design 
conferences and other design 

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organization events, and you 
know, it was always a big 

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recognizable name on stage. 
These celebrities, these 

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identities, these people that we
would all know and we were 

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familiar with their work. 
And nowadays, like you talk to 

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younger designers, you talk to 
my students, they don't give a 

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shit about name. 
They don't care about celebrity,

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right? 
Like millennials sort of gave us

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stand culture, but like Gen. 
Z Davis influencer culture. 

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I won't get into how the lines 
between those blur once somebody

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an influencer becomes so big 
they become celebrity. 

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But I think that even as like 
those cultural relationships 

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change towards people, towards 
reputation, so do the 

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organizations that facilitate 
those memberships have to then 

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change to facilitate what these 
people need, what these groups 

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of people need? 
And so part of my mandate in my 

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work is figuring out like, what 
is it that they need right now 

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and how can we facilitate that? 
How can we meet them where they 

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are? 
How can we engage them in a way 

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that feels natural and is in the
methods that they want to 

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engage? 
But then also, how can we 

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continue to do that into the 
future while also not being so 

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sort of held it down by who what
we think we are, what we think 

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we need to be or who we think we
need to be sort of beholden to. 

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To ensure that that always stays
like an open door of people, 

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like new people, fresh people 
coming in, moving up, caring for

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the organization and then moving
out as they sort of age through 

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through that process. 
Yeah, I love hearing you because

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I think it's a little bit of 
what Nishan and I and the whole 

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team at AIJ also feel, that it's
a little bit of the struggle on 

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how to understand more of our 
community, how can we serve 

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them? 
How can we create programming 

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that supports what they need now
but also in the future. 

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So yeah, I think I resonate with
what you're saying. 

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Yeah, I think that's a great 
setup for getting into the crux 

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of the controversy that you were
alluding to, Benji. 

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So let me set that up a little 
bit more for folks. 

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You shared with us in the prep 
conversation that you found that

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about 80% of designers today are
either self-taught or they went 

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to a boot camp. 
So this is from Coursera and 

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00:10:49,480 --> 00:10:51,200
career karma is the source of 
this. 

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And so that means like designers
became designers, not through 

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going through traditional design
school. 

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00:10:57,400 --> 00:11:00,280
And I'm like the polar opposite 
of that as somebody who has like

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00:11:00,480 --> 00:11:04,760
the most like institutional and 
like expensive education 

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00:11:06,400 --> 00:11:09,840
available. 
So part of it is generational, 

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but it's also the trade off, 
right? 

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It's something we think about as
designers in general, but like 

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00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:20,280
by opening the gates, by not 
having as much gatekeeping, 

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00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:24,720
we're allowing for more 
diversity, equity, inclusion in 

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the design industry. 
We also are maybe losing a 

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00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:33,600
certain kind of cohesion in 
terms of identity or like the 

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00:11:33,600 --> 00:11:35,160
Canon, right? 
I mean, I think parts of the 

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00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:36,760
Canon needed to be blown up 
anyway. 

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00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:42,160
But there there is a flip side 
to that in terms of like, you 

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00:11:42,160 --> 00:11:43,800
know, we see this at a IGA, 
right? 

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00:11:43,800 --> 00:11:47,520
It's not, it's no longer the 
place to be as a designer in the

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way that might have been in the 
90s. 

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And so how do we deal with these
trade-offs? 

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00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:55,160
And like maybe we can start with
some of your thoughts on that as

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00:11:55,160 --> 00:11:58,000
a way to open this up. 
Yeah, absolutely. 

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00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:00,520
And I would, and I would want to
preface this conversation with 

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00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:04,240
saying two things. 
One, that like the perspective I

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have now as an educator revealed
to me very, very quickly that 

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like, this is a systemic 
problem. 

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And this is not a situation 
where like, it's just like, oh, 

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it's the organization's fault, 
it's education's fault, it's the

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market's fault. 
It's the industry's fault. 

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It's, you know, the way it's all
regulated. 

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Like there's really no one, like
there's no like big angry Red 

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00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:26,560
Baron and with a villain 
mustache like cackling in the 

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corner. 
And that the duality of this 

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problem being that like, yes, we
absolutely want things to be 

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more equitable. 
We want them to be more 

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sustainable. 
We want them to be more open. 

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And we want people, regardless 
of skin color and economic 

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00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:44,200
background, to be able to learn 
design and do design and become 

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designers, right? 
Like those are all things that 

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we want. 
But those are also or just the 

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opposite side of the coin of the
of a lot of the other problems 

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we're having where, you know, 
design software being so 

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accessible is like almost over 
democratizing design in a sense,

246
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:00,520
right? 
Like. 

247
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And so I think the duality of 
this problem sort of being like 

248
00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:07,840
it's part industry problem and 
like software and technology 

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based, but also part like things
we actually want isn't 

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00:13:11,400 --> 00:13:15,720
indicative of like saying that 
any attempt to solve these 

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problems is one that's sort of 
accommodating or pushing for 

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like a return to elitism. 
I think it actually is just a 

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signifier that like this is a 
big hairy problem, the kind that

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designers love to sell the idea 
that we are well equipped to 

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00:13:29,560 --> 00:13:31,560
solve. 
And so like, let's get to 

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00:13:31,560 --> 00:13:33,640
solving it, right? 
Like, let's stop acting like 

257
00:13:33,640 --> 00:13:35,960
it's sort of the elephant in the
room that no one wants to talk 

258
00:13:35,960 --> 00:13:37,960
about and like, let's solve this
problem. 

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00:13:38,360 --> 00:13:42,000
And so, yeah, absolutely. 
I think that there is sort of 

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this unintentional, I described 
it as like a flattening that has

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00:13:44,920 --> 00:13:46,760
happened that you see in 
industry, right? 

262
00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:49,600
You've got 80% of people saying 
that they've never been formally

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00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:52,600
trained or that they learned by 
being self-taught or from a boot

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00:13:52,600 --> 00:13:54,600
camp. 
But then alternatively, you've 

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00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:59,680
also got these other like data 
sets that say like 90% of all 

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design work in the industry 
currently is freelance work. 

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00:14:03,400 --> 00:14:06,640
So that's like insanely 
staggering that like there's 

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only 10% of work that you can 
actually get paid doing a full 

269
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:11,400
time job to do. 
But then you see other 

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00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:15,440
statistics that say something 
like anywhere between 60 and 75%

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00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:18,080
of people working in design are 
working as freelancers. 

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00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:21,560
So like that's kind of alarming 
because what that's sort of 

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telling us is a couple things. 
It's telling US1 there's not 

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00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:28,400
enough jobs for everyone with a 
design degree to work a full 

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00:14:28,400 --> 00:14:32,800
time paid with benefits job. 
The other side of that is we are

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00:14:32,800 --> 00:14:36,520
likely also probably graduating 
entirely too many designers, 

277
00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:38,000
right? 
So there's sort of the 

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00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,280
conversation around like 
accessibility that has to happen

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00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:46,160
or even eligibility, I think. 
And then the other side of that 

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00:14:46,160 --> 00:14:51,080
is if any of those things were 
to change, it still wouldn't 

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00:14:51,080 --> 00:14:54,240
change the fact that 80% of 
everybody doing the work is 

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00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:56,080
self-taught and not going to 
school anyway. 

283
00:14:56,320 --> 00:14:59,400
So those types of sort of like 
systems or checks or balances 

284
00:14:59,880 --> 00:15:03,040
wouldn't necessarily have the 
impact we want it to anyway. 

285
00:15:03,360 --> 00:15:06,440
And a thing that sort of come up
recently that I think I saw was 

286
00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:09,840
being sort of test run in the 
state of Indiana is like ROI 

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00:15:09,840 --> 00:15:12,840
evaluations on degrees. 
And like if you're not able to 

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00:15:12,840 --> 00:15:15,240
prove that, like people 
graduating with this degree are 

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00:15:15,240 --> 00:15:17,880
able to make a certain amount of
money within so many years, it 

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00:15:17,880 --> 00:15:19,560
gets axed from the education 
program. 

291
00:15:19,560 --> 00:15:22,440
Like, I don't think that's a 
solution either because I want 

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00:15:22,440 --> 00:15:24,600
to live in a world where people 
can go to school for whatever 

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00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:27,360
they want to learn. 
And like know that like even if 

294
00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:30,920
I learned this thing that maybe 
I'll never use it professionally

295
00:15:31,120 --> 00:15:34,640
in the way that I maybe I 
learned it, it's still going to 

296
00:15:34,640 --> 00:15:38,800
benefit me and still allow me to
like feed myself and put a bit 

297
00:15:38,800 --> 00:15:40,480
of a house over a roof over my 
head. 

298
00:15:40,880 --> 00:15:45,200
I look at this whole sort of 
ecosystem and I go, we need some

299
00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:46,920
sort of system for checks and 
balances. 

300
00:15:46,920 --> 00:15:51,960
We need some sort of system for 
stratification that says there 

301
00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:55,920
are standards, that there are 
policies, procedures, titles, 

302
00:15:55,920 --> 00:16:00,440
certifications, something that 
said that insulates the industry

303
00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:04,800
from just anybody and everybody.
And when I say that, I don't 

304
00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:07,640
mean to say anyone who doesn't 
have a degree shouldn't be 

305
00:16:07,640 --> 00:16:09,040
allowed to work as a designer, 
right? 

306
00:16:09,040 --> 00:16:12,120
It's not what I'm saying at all.
Some of the best user experience

307
00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:14,120
designers I've ever had the 
pleasure of working with were 

308
00:16:14,120 --> 00:16:17,880
self-taught. 
But because they learned the 

309
00:16:17,880 --> 00:16:20,600
things that were necessary to be
good user experience designers. 

310
00:16:20,640 --> 00:16:24,840
And so it's about standards and 
like regulating those standards 

311
00:16:24,840 --> 00:16:27,160
more so than it is about saying 
who isn't, who isn't. 

312
00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:30,000
And then at the end of the day, 
I think it's a matter of 

313
00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:34,600
understanding that these 
regulations need to protect us 

314
00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:37,240
both locally and globally, 
right? 

315
00:16:37,240 --> 00:16:41,560
So cuz the other side to this is
globalization and the other side

316
00:16:41,560 --> 00:16:44,800
to sort of anybody and everybody
being able to go out and work 

317
00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:48,560
design, whether they've got a 
degree or not, is the question 

318
00:16:48,560 --> 00:16:52,280
of do they know the value of 
what they're doing right? 

319
00:16:52,280 --> 00:16:54,840
So are they charging enough? 
Do they know if they're charging

320
00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:56,080
enough? 
Do they know how to tell if 

321
00:16:56,080 --> 00:16:58,960
they're charging enough? 
Because for every designer that 

322
00:16:58,960 --> 00:17:03,120
says I'll do that logo for $50 
versus someone who's been 

323
00:17:03,120 --> 00:17:06,800
trained, who has the skills to 
know the value, who you know is 

324
00:17:06,800 --> 00:17:09,960
like, no, I can't do that logo 
for less than a significantly 

325
00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:12,280
higher amount because that 
person has school loans they 

326
00:17:12,280 --> 00:17:15,560
have to pay back, right? 
Like all of those things work in

327
00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:19,319
tandem to dictate the value of 
design in both the market and 

328
00:17:19,440 --> 00:17:23,160
also the way that we are showing
up to defend the industry and 

329
00:17:23,160 --> 00:17:26,760
our skills and our abilities. 
And then offshoring is another 

330
00:17:26,760 --> 00:17:30,000
big part of that, right? 
Because if we risk sort of 

331
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:32,920
walling off our industry and 
saying you can't sell this 

332
00:17:32,920 --> 00:17:35,560
service for less than this, 
whether you're classically 

333
00:17:35,560 --> 00:17:38,960
trained or not, right? 
What's to stop them from saying 

334
00:17:38,960 --> 00:17:42,080
going overseas and getting it? 
Well, one way to do that would 

335
00:17:42,080 --> 00:17:46,080
be are they certified? 
Fine, go overseas and allow them

336
00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:50,280
to build it, design it, but they
have to have to certification 

337
00:17:50,280 --> 00:17:53,480
for our jurisdiction, for our 
area, whatever that looks like 

338
00:17:53,640 --> 00:17:56,320
to be able to do it, for you to 
be able to contract with them to

339
00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:59,520
do it. 
And so I think the conversation 

340
00:17:59,680 --> 00:18:02,040
starts to sound and look a lot 
more like, I think the 

341
00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:06,800
conversations labor unions are 
having than it does sort of the 

342
00:18:06,800 --> 00:18:08,520
conversations we've had in the 
past. 

343
00:18:08,640 --> 00:18:11,160
Yeah, there's a lot to pick up 
on there. 

344
00:18:11,160 --> 00:18:15,160
And I want to circle back on 
this certification conversation.

345
00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,040
But for us just like as a direct
response, thinking about that 

346
00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:21,720
$50 logo thing, right? 
It's like, I think part of it is

347
00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:26,560
also how do you explain the 
value of the multi $1000 logo 

348
00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:29,160
isn't about just the final 
deliverable. 

349
00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:32,560
It is about the process or the, 
you know, the brand guidelines, 

350
00:18:32,560 --> 00:18:36,480
the getting to that clarity 
versus, I don't know, the small 

351
00:18:36,480 --> 00:18:38,360
business owner that knows what 
they want. 

352
00:18:38,360 --> 00:18:42,680
Like by all means, buy that off 
of Fiverr, you know, like it. 

353
00:18:42,760 --> 00:18:45,840
But if you're thinking about 
like a brand identity, right? 

354
00:18:45,840 --> 00:18:49,760
And part of that is also a, a 
client education issue. 

355
00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:52,160
As we kind of circle around some
of these things. 

356
00:18:52,160 --> 00:18:54,600
I wanted to paint a little bit 
more of the the contextual 

357
00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:58,560
picture too, since you do teach 
undergrads at ASU. 

358
00:18:59,320 --> 00:19:02,480
You shared with us before that 
there was a report that came out

359
00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:05,960
a couple years ago in 2024 from 
the Federal Reserve Bank of 

360
00:19:05,960 --> 00:19:08,080
Saint Louis. 
It was a report called the 

361
00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:12,480
Talent Disrupted Report. 
And they noted that 52% of 

362
00:19:12,480 --> 00:19:16,640
college graduates these days are
unemployed or underemployed. 

363
00:19:16,640 --> 00:19:19,560
I'm sorry, upon initial labor 
market entry. 

364
00:19:19,560 --> 00:19:23,440
So when they first graduate and 
then even 10 years later, 45% of

365
00:19:23,440 --> 00:19:25,720
college graduates are 
underemployed. 

366
00:19:25,720 --> 00:19:30,440
So like you see this first hand 
and so it's that's not just 

367
00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:33,560
design graduates, but it's just 
like people who go to College in

368
00:19:33,560 --> 00:19:36,160
general. 
This is already an issue. 

369
00:19:36,160 --> 00:19:39,000
So you can understand why people
are teaching themselves to do 

370
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:42,240
design or you know, going to 
other cheaper. 

371
00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:43,560
Ways. 
Right. 

372
00:19:43,600 --> 00:19:47,280
So and so you're, I mean, you're
a university professor. 

373
00:19:47,280 --> 00:19:51,240
So how do you grapple with this 
realization, this reality? 

374
00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:55,360
It's tough because I am a 
realist in the sense that like I

375
00:19:55,360 --> 00:19:57,880
have a, I'm not the type of 
educator that will stand in 

376
00:19:57,880 --> 00:20:00,040
front of a room full of students
and be like, I'm going to teach 

377
00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:01,640
you things that will change your
life. 

378
00:20:01,920 --> 00:20:04,240
Like you're getting, you are 
going to have the most magical, 

379
00:20:04,240 --> 00:20:08,040
amazing, like fruitful career 
because you were in my class. 

380
00:20:08,040 --> 00:20:10,000
Like that's just not how I 
approach this. 

381
00:20:10,800 --> 00:20:15,440
And so like, and I also, I teach
the portfolio and professional 

382
00:20:15,440 --> 00:20:17,960
presentation class, which is 
sort of like the make my resume,

383
00:20:17,960 --> 00:20:20,840
make my cover letter, get ready 
to go out in job search class. 

384
00:20:21,160 --> 00:20:23,840
And so anytime I encounter these
statistics, I bring them to the 

385
00:20:23,840 --> 00:20:26,360
class and like, I know for some 
they're probably like, please 

386
00:20:26,360 --> 00:20:30,440
stop delivering me bad news. 
And I'm like, but it's like, I 

387
00:20:30,440 --> 00:20:33,920
just want you to understand what
the state of this all looks 

388
00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:35,720
like. 
Because the reality is like 

389
00:20:35,720 --> 00:20:39,840
there is no more like clear. 
Like you do you jump to these 

390
00:20:39,840 --> 00:20:42,320
hoops in school and you leave 
and then you get the job and the

391
00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:44,960
job pays you money and then you 
work the job and then you get 

392
00:20:44,960 --> 00:20:47,360
benefits and you retire and like
life is happy. 

393
00:20:47,360 --> 00:20:49,120
It's like it doesn't work that 
way anymore. 

394
00:20:49,880 --> 00:20:52,560
And so part of that is like me 
just making sure that they 

395
00:20:52,560 --> 00:20:56,640
understand that like, this is 
the reality of the world that we

396
00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:59,520
work in. 
And I have to hold that very 

397
00:20:59,520 --> 00:21:03,880
precariously because on one 
hand, as an academic, as someone

398
00:21:03,880 --> 00:21:06,720
who's always loved the school 
and loved learning, I am like 

399
00:21:06,960 --> 00:21:10,920
super pro education. 
I'm like everyone should who is 

400
00:21:10,920 --> 00:21:14,440
fit for college that wants to go
to college, should go to college

401
00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:18,720
type of person. 
But I also recognize that, like 

402
00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:22,120
for many, like college is not 
the only path for you, probably 

403
00:21:22,120 --> 00:21:26,000
not your best path. 
And so I think often times when 

404
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:29,760
I think about that relationship 
between like education and the 

405
00:21:29,760 --> 00:21:32,200
market and like how all those 
things start to connect. 

406
00:21:32,200 --> 00:21:33,800
And this was the piece I was 
talking about earlier where I 

407
00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:36,600
was like, it was being the 
insider perspective that really 

408
00:21:36,600 --> 00:21:38,040
made it all click into place for
me. 

409
00:21:38,280 --> 00:21:42,680
Is that like it's fundamentally 
broken from like the lowest 

410
00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:48,640
level all the way up, right? 
Like the reality is every 

411
00:21:48,640 --> 00:21:51,600
student in K through 12 across 
this country is told that they 

412
00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:54,120
should graduate high school, get
their diploma so that they can 

413
00:21:54,120 --> 00:21:56,120
go to college. 
That is true. 

414
00:21:56,120 --> 00:21:59,440
Statistically, I think for 
somewhere around like 43% of all

415
00:21:59,440 --> 00:22:01,960
of them that that's actually the
case that they should go to 

416
00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:05,560
college. 
So we have a storytelling 

417
00:22:05,560 --> 00:22:10,920
problem, we have an economic 
problem, we have a just a life 

418
00:22:10,920 --> 00:22:15,480
preparation problem. 
And I was thinking about this 

419
00:22:15,480 --> 00:22:20,000
the other day when I was trying 
to present to my students who 

420
00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:22,240
when I would go, how many of you
want to be freelancers? 

421
00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:23,640
And none of them raised their 
hand. 

422
00:22:23,640 --> 00:22:26,240
And I'm like, I have bad news 
for you. 90% of all of the work 

423
00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:27,640
in the market right now is 
freelance. 

424
00:22:28,600 --> 00:22:30,600
I was thinking about like, how 
do we fix this? 

425
00:22:30,600 --> 00:22:32,560
Like, how do we solve this 
problem? 

426
00:22:33,240 --> 00:22:38,040
And I went, I think 
fundamentally the focus is the 

427
00:22:38,040 --> 00:22:42,840
designers need to stop thinking 
about themselves as artists and 

428
00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:44,960
start thinking about themselves 
as tradespeople. 

429
00:22:45,640 --> 00:22:48,920
Like, I think that that 
mentality shift could fix so 

430
00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:51,080
much. 
And that comes from someone with

431
00:22:51,120 --> 00:22:55,200
ABFA degree who is proud of the 
fact that I have a Fine Arts 

432
00:22:55,200 --> 00:22:59,240
degree, who like, firmly 
believes that like, art is a 

433
00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:02,400
good foundation for design, but 
like, we have to stop showing up

434
00:23:02,800 --> 00:23:06,160
as artists in the industry and 
we need to start showing up as 

435
00:23:06,160 --> 00:23:08,200
tradespeople. 
I love what you said because 

436
00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:12,840
Lishan and I have noticed that 
some of the learning programs 

437
00:23:12,840 --> 00:23:17,880
that AIG offers, the ones that 
sell the most are the business 

438
00:23:18,280 --> 00:23:21,000
programs. 
So it's basically designers 

439
00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:24,400
wanting to know more about 
business as they progress in 

440
00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:27,040
their career, as they become 
leaders and so on and so forth. 

441
00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:30,960
So I think that's the mentality 
that you're mentioning, that 

442
00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,400
they're walking away a little 
bit from the design, the 

443
00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:38,360
creative aspect of the design 
work only and adding up skills 

444
00:23:38,360 --> 00:23:41,120
on design and so on. 
So yeah, I think it makes a lot 

445
00:23:41,120 --> 00:23:43,360
of sense. 
And I think that that 

446
00:23:43,880 --> 00:23:47,240
perspective framing fits too 
with like, how do we solve the 

447
00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:51,000
stratification problem, right? 
And it comes down to not only 

448
00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:54,520
protecting ourselves, but also, 
I think, protecting the world 

449
00:23:54,520 --> 00:23:57,400
around us, right? 
Like an architect can't build a 

450
00:23:57,400 --> 00:24:01,040
building that's gonna fall down 
on top of your head, but for 

451
00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:03,720
some reason, designers and 
developers can build social 

452
00:24:03,720 --> 00:24:06,600
media platforms and build 
algorithms that undermine global

453
00:24:06,600 --> 00:24:09,160
democracy. 
That doesn't make sense, right? 

454
00:24:10,160 --> 00:24:13,000
In the same way that, like a 
plumber can't Plumb your house 

455
00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:15,120
in a way that it's going to 
flood, and an electrician can't 

456
00:24:15,120 --> 00:24:17,080
wire your home in a way that it 
will catch fire. 

457
00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:21,640
Like it just. 
There's so many signs that point

458
00:24:21,640 --> 00:24:27,240
to us reframing what we do as 
tradespeople rather than artists

459
00:24:27,560 --> 00:24:31,960
and building in levels of 
certification that protect both 

460
00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:35,280
us so that we can sit there and 
say, no, I'm not going to design

461
00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:38,120
you a social media platform that
undermines global democracy. 

462
00:24:38,120 --> 00:24:41,600
And you can't fire me for 
telling me no because that's 

463
00:24:41,800 --> 00:24:43,880
illegal. 
And it hurts people in the same 

464
00:24:43,880 --> 00:24:46,920
way that an architect is like, 
no, I'm not going to build you a

465
00:24:46,920 --> 00:24:51,160
deathtrap saw style skyrise 
building that will kill 

466
00:24:51,160 --> 00:24:52,960
thousands of people because 
that's illegal. 

467
00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:58,040
And in the same way, like that 
allows us to then also protect 

468
00:24:58,040 --> 00:25:00,800
the people that we're building 
for and also protect ourselves. 

469
00:25:01,360 --> 00:25:04,280
And so, yeah, I think that that 
perspective shift could be 

470
00:25:04,280 --> 00:25:09,160
hugely beneficial to how we view
what we do and and why we need 

471
00:25:09,160 --> 00:25:12,560
some of the things that like I 
think we need to solve this 

472
00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:16,120
problem. 
I love this metal core, Yeah. 

473
00:25:16,280 --> 00:25:18,320
I think there's like a couple 
things that I wanted to come 

474
00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:21,520
back to 1 is the certification 
conversation and the other one 

475
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:24,320
is like the, the parallel with 
unions and I'll have to cover 

476
00:25:24,320 --> 00:25:27,160
both, but why don't we jump into
certification first? 

477
00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:30,880
So at AIGA we have two 
certification programs. 

478
00:25:30,880 --> 00:25:33,440
There's the professional 
designer and the design leader 

479
00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:37,520
programs that I launched and and
created. 

480
00:25:37,760 --> 00:25:40,920
And it's one way of starting 
that right, like setting these 

481
00:25:40,920 --> 00:25:43,320
standards. 
We have professional standards 

482
00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:46,440
and ethics. 
We have intro to business 

483
00:25:46,440 --> 00:25:50,560
topics, you know, intellectual 
property, things like that, that

484
00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:55,040
we think that bridges the gap 
between having technical skills 

485
00:25:55,040 --> 00:25:58,600
and software or creative skills 
with being a professional. 

486
00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:02,160
And so we're trying to fill in 
that gap, but, you know, we're 

487
00:26:02,160 --> 00:26:06,680
not able to be gatekeepers in 
the sense of like, we can talk 

488
00:26:06,680 --> 00:26:10,960
about and promote the value of 
this kind of certification, but 

489
00:26:10,960 --> 00:26:14,080
it's not like being an architect
or a doctor or a nurse where you

490
00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:16,520
have to be certified to 
practice. 

491
00:26:17,040 --> 00:26:23,000
But we've seen that our friends 
up north in Canada with RGD in 

492
00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:25,960
Ontario, they have a 
certification model that really 

493
00:26:26,080 --> 00:26:29,640
like sets a different kind of 
floor on pay and ethics and 

494
00:26:29,840 --> 00:26:31,400
technical skills and stuff like 
that. 

495
00:26:31,400 --> 00:26:35,120
And I know you've been talking 
to them a lot to see what you 

496
00:26:35,120 --> 00:26:37,640
can learn. 
For director, so many questions.

497
00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:41,840
She was probably like, who is 
this weirdo in my inbox sending 

498
00:26:41,840 --> 00:26:45,080
me book long emails, asking 
millions of questions. 

499
00:26:46,320 --> 00:26:49,520
I thank her for her patience. 
At one point, she actually sent 

500
00:26:49,520 --> 00:26:53,400
me like legal documentation. 
It was basically like, I think 

501
00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:55,400
this will answer some of your 
questions. 

502
00:26:56,120 --> 00:26:58,600
Please just read it. 
Essentially, it was what she was

503
00:26:58,600 --> 00:27:03,080
saying. 
But yeah, I think what RGD is 

504
00:27:03,080 --> 00:27:06,640
doing a couple things, like if 
I'm being completely honest, I 

505
00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:09,880
went into my understanding of 
RGD was sort of completely 

506
00:27:09,880 --> 00:27:11,480
different than what I ended up 
finding. 

507
00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:14,160
And so a little bit I was a let 
down cuz I was like, damn, I was

508
00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:16,440
hoping for like the silver 
bullet, you know? 

509
00:27:16,800 --> 00:27:19,200
But at the same time, I think 
there was so much there that was

510
00:27:19,200 --> 00:27:21,960
really, really good. 
And then there's a few things 

511
00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:24,360
about how it sort of came about 
that actually really, really 

512
00:27:24,360 --> 00:27:27,320
stood out to me that actually 
got my wheels spinning about 

513
00:27:27,320 --> 00:27:29,320
like, could like AIGA facilitate
that? 

514
00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:32,760
Like possibly cuz thinking about
like your, your sort of your 

515
00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:34,280
chapter model and things like 
that. 

516
00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:37,200
And so to give those who are 
listening a bit of a background 

517
00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:41,840
who don't know RGD registered 
graphic design designation 

518
00:27:42,960 --> 00:27:46,080
exists in all throughout Canada,
but specifically it started in 

519
00:27:46,080 --> 00:27:48,800
Ontario, Canada. 
It actually started. 

520
00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:50,480
This is the part that's really 
impressive for me. 

521
00:27:50,520 --> 00:27:55,760
It was an act of legislation. 
That's the like established RGD.

522
00:27:55,960 --> 00:27:58,600
So it was literally a motion 
that was put forth by the 

523
00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:02,200
legislator in Ontario to simply 
say RGD is an organization that 

524
00:28:02,200 --> 00:28:10,760
exists, that's job is to oversee
the certification and standards 

525
00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:15,160
of what it means to be a 
certified graphic designer in 

526
00:28:15,320 --> 00:28:18,160
the province of Ontario and 
brought more broadly in all of 

527
00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:21,360
Canada. 
So very linked to sort of like 

528
00:28:21,360 --> 00:28:24,040
legal grassroots sort of efforts
in that way. 

529
00:28:24,040 --> 00:28:27,680
And how that came about was 
actually simply because there 

530
00:28:27,680 --> 00:28:30,720
was a group of designers that 
were sort of always sort of at 

531
00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:34,360
the forefront of activism of 
like advocating for like, hey, 

532
00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:37,120
there should be sort of like 
certification standards. 

533
00:28:37,120 --> 00:28:39,880
There should be requirements. 
There should be some like a 

534
00:28:39,880 --> 00:28:42,040
group of people that I actually 
sort of think we're probably a 

535
00:28:42,040 --> 00:28:45,360
little psychic in a way in the 
sense that they sort of saw the 

536
00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:47,640
problems we're dealing with now 
and said there needs to be 

537
00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:50,320
something in place that protects
us from this. 

538
00:28:50,880 --> 00:28:55,560
And so that legislation actually
literally established RDRGD to 

539
00:28:55,560 --> 00:28:59,000
have the authority to represent 
and regulate graphic designers 

540
00:28:59,160 --> 00:29:03,320
in Canada. 
And why I think that's so 

541
00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:06,720
powerful is because we have seen
even here in the States 

542
00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:10,760
recently, the value of like 
collective action, right? 

543
00:29:10,760 --> 00:29:13,800
Like I leave and look at like 
campaign organizing for like 

544
00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:16,280
mom, Donnie and AOC. 
Like those are things that like 

545
00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:18,120
the establishment, like that'll 
never work. 

546
00:29:18,120 --> 00:29:20,280
You can't do that. 
And then like people were just 

547
00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:23,680
like, screw it, I'm going to do 
it because I can and we're going

548
00:29:23,680 --> 00:29:25,560
to prove you wrong. 
And then boom, they did it. 

549
00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:27,240
And people are like, holy shit, 
right. 

550
00:29:27,240 --> 00:29:29,080
Like I think there's so much 
value. 

551
00:29:29,080 --> 00:29:31,720
And just like if we just 
collectively agree to do this, 

552
00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:34,720
this is doable. 
And then I think that the model 

553
00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:38,920
for advocating for the 
certification and the standards 

554
00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:42,400
to be legally ratified is the 
part that's a repeatable model, 

555
00:29:42,640 --> 00:29:46,400
right? 
Like it would be very easy for 

556
00:29:46,480 --> 00:29:50,840
an organization at a state 
level, even maybe even starting 

557
00:29:50,840 --> 00:29:54,680
thinking like locally, like at a
county level or city level to 

558
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:58,240
build connections and network 
with lawmakers and policy makers

559
00:29:58,240 --> 00:30:01,760
to say, hey, this matters. 
Here's why this matters. 

560
00:30:01,760 --> 00:30:04,600
And I think we live in a world 
now where like, the reasons why 

561
00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:08,600
something like this matters are 
like mountains high when we 

562
00:30:08,600 --> 00:30:11,520
think about like data and 
privacy and just all of the 

563
00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:13,360
things that we're currently sort
of dealing with is like 

564
00:30:13,360 --> 00:30:17,000
consumers that it becomes really
easy to make the case of like, 

565
00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:19,280
hey, this should matter. 
And this absolutely does matter.

566
00:30:19,280 --> 00:30:22,320
And here's a model and a method 
for doing that and helping to 

567
00:30:22,520 --> 00:30:25,520
sort of solve this problem and 
start to like create systems 

568
00:30:25,520 --> 00:30:28,760
that sort of protect consumers, 
protect us as workers. 

569
00:30:29,280 --> 00:30:32,360
And I think the part that maybe 
you should change or become 

570
00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:36,440
different is our our angle 
should not just simply be like, 

571
00:30:36,440 --> 00:30:40,320
let's get ratified is like the 
the department or the 

572
00:30:40,320 --> 00:30:42,920
organization that sort of has 
the authority to represent and 

573
00:30:42,920 --> 00:30:47,560
regulate graphic designers. 
But let's literally turn it into

574
00:30:47,560 --> 00:30:52,160
like almost like a union in a 
sense where like there's certain

575
00:30:52,160 --> 00:30:55,360
trades where you can't hire non 
union workers to do that work. 

576
00:30:55,520 --> 00:30:58,360
It's not allowed. 
You have to, right? 

577
00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:02,400
They're in there a door, but 
also like, you can't just let 

578
00:31:02,400 --> 00:31:04,600
some Joe Schmo on the side of 
the street come get a job at a 

579
00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:07,160
hospital and perform open heart 
surgery, right? 

580
00:31:07,400 --> 00:31:11,040
And so like there are like 
layers of protection to job 

581
00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:13,880
roles and functions that not 
only protect the person doing 

582
00:31:13,880 --> 00:31:17,320
the job, but also the people 
that they are sort of servicing 

583
00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:21,280
in that role that exist as 
models for like anything and 

584
00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:22,880
everything that we could 
possibly need. 

585
00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:27,360
And the part that like makes me 
crazy is I look at these models 

586
00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:30,320
and these systems that work, 
that function that have worked 

587
00:31:30,320 --> 00:31:33,280
forever. 
Granted, they've had their days 

588
00:31:33,280 --> 00:31:35,320
in the sun where maybe they were
a little stronger and maybe 

589
00:31:35,320 --> 00:31:37,280
they're a little weaker, so on 
and so forth. 

590
00:31:37,560 --> 00:31:39,920
But then I then see the 
conversation from so many in the

591
00:31:39,920 --> 00:31:41,440
industry that are like, oh, we 
can't do that. 

592
00:31:41,440 --> 00:31:43,320
We don't need that. 
That doesn't need to happen. 

593
00:31:43,480 --> 00:31:45,920
And I feel like a crazy person 
taking crazy pills because I'm 

594
00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:49,960
like, the answer is right there.
Like we, like, we as designers 

595
00:31:49,960 --> 00:31:53,040
pride ourselves on the ability 
to, like, find solutions and 

596
00:31:53,040 --> 00:31:55,920
bits and pieces from everywhere.
And like, there are so many bits

597
00:31:55,920 --> 00:31:57,640
and pieces everywhere that we 
could use. 

598
00:31:57,960 --> 00:32:00,360
Surely there is a solution we 
can build. 

599
00:32:00,360 --> 00:32:02,800
And instead we just go, wouldn't
it be great if there's a 

600
00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:05,200
solution we could do to solve 
and answer all these problems 

601
00:32:05,200 --> 00:32:08,360
and not just feel crazy going, 
yeah, the answer's right there. 

602
00:32:08,880 --> 00:32:11,520
You just don't like it. 
You just don't like the work 

603
00:32:11,520 --> 00:32:14,760
that it's going to require, or 
you know what it might imply or 

604
00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:18,520
mean about what you do before. 
I don't know why. 

605
00:32:19,480 --> 00:32:24,320
I, I think I, I have a couple 
things to help thread together a

606
00:32:24,320 --> 00:32:29,280
couple of these thoughts. 
So 1 is like, if we look at 

607
00:32:29,280 --> 00:32:33,240
other like creative industries, 
like say, Hollywood, right? 

608
00:32:34,160 --> 00:32:39,200
Those have strong unions because
of the historical context of 

609
00:32:39,200 --> 00:32:43,480
those unions, whether it's SAG, 
AFTRA or Ayatse for the people 

610
00:32:43,480 --> 00:32:47,200
doing the tech stuff, I think 
with our industry, we kind of 

611
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:49,200
missed that historical moment. 
But we're in a different 

612
00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:52,120
historical moment now when you 
see that like people are trying 

613
00:32:52,120 --> 00:32:56,320
to organize like Amazon workers 
and Starbucks baristas, right? 

614
00:32:56,320 --> 00:32:59,000
So like there is a resurgence of
unions. 

615
00:32:59,120 --> 00:33:02,440
We're certainly seeing this in 
design schools. 

616
00:33:02,440 --> 00:33:08,760
I've been part of two different 
union campaigns, 1st at The New 

617
00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:13,240
School at Parsons and then now 
at SVA that just formed a union.

618
00:33:13,240 --> 00:33:15,720
And I can say that that actually
connects to what you were saying

619
00:33:15,720 --> 00:33:19,760
about this mindset and identity 
shift from artists to 

620
00:33:19,760 --> 00:33:22,240
tradesperson. 
I think part of it is like we 

621
00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:28,360
have this, like we think about 
this as like our identities as 

622
00:33:28,360 --> 00:33:32,760
artists, but it's also actually 
internalized neoliberalism. 

623
00:33:33,560 --> 00:33:35,600
And So what I do about that, 
yeah. 

624
00:33:35,600 --> 00:33:39,240
To like, unpack that is like you
have to like, stop thinking that

625
00:33:39,240 --> 00:33:43,720
you're that special, you know? 
Yeah, exactly in that like, you 

626
00:33:43,840 --> 00:33:45,960
are a professional providing a 
service. 

627
00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:48,240
Like you do have a unique point 
of view. 

628
00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:51,200
I'm not saying you're not 
special, but that like you're 

629
00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:55,600
part of a collective group of 
other workers that have similar 

630
00:33:55,600 --> 00:33:58,360
skills. 
And yes, you are competing for 

631
00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:02,400
teaching jobs and, you know, 
industry jobs and whatnot, but 

632
00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:07,760
you also have or in common if 
you organize and act in common. 

633
00:34:07,760 --> 00:34:10,560
But I think part of this 
internalized like artist 

634
00:34:10,560 --> 00:34:14,760
identity is like, well, you 
know, you everyone else's 

635
00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:19,480
competition in that sense. 
One very concrete anecdote for 

636
00:34:19,480 --> 00:34:22,159
this and then I'll turn it over 
to you to riff on this, is that 

637
00:34:22,159 --> 00:34:26,120
during the unionization campaign
at SVA when we were trying to 

638
00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:29,120
form the union, you have to get 
a certain percentage of your 

639
00:34:29,120 --> 00:34:33,159
colleagues to vote yes on the 
union for it to be recognized. 

640
00:34:33,400 --> 00:34:35,960
This is not just a generational 
issue because we have both. 

641
00:34:36,120 --> 00:34:39,760
We have older people with the, 
you know, pro union and older 

642
00:34:39,760 --> 00:34:42,679
people anti union, but we 
certainly see like younger 

643
00:34:42,960 --> 00:34:46,719
designers, younger design 
educators, more pro union for 

644
00:34:46,719 --> 00:34:48,880
sure. 
But one of the people that we 

645
00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:52,280
talked to just in terms of like,
hey, do you support this union? 

646
00:34:52,400 --> 00:34:55,679
Like literally said, like your 
concerns are beneath me, right? 

647
00:34:55,679 --> 00:34:59,880
Because that they had like, they
had a professional practice 

648
00:34:59,880 --> 00:35:02,520
outside of teaching and they 
treated teaching as like charity

649
00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:05,720
work, right? 
Which is like, OK, that's great 

650
00:35:05,720 --> 00:35:07,880
that you can do that. 
But it also means that the only 

651
00:35:07,880 --> 00:35:11,480
people who can afford to teach 
are people who are already at a 

652
00:35:11,480 --> 00:35:15,200
certain level of success. 
But it also that narrative 

653
00:35:15,600 --> 00:35:19,360
undersells teaching as a craft 
in its own right, right? 

654
00:35:19,400 --> 00:35:22,400
Like it's like, I think all of 
us could have examples from our 

655
00:35:22,400 --> 00:35:25,880
own educational careers of like 
people, maybe designers who were

656
00:35:25,880 --> 00:35:28,800
great as practitioners, who were
just awful as educators, right? 

657
00:35:28,800 --> 00:35:31,920
Because you don't automatically 
become a good teacher just 

658
00:35:31,920 --> 00:35:34,520
because you were successful in 
your design practice. 

659
00:35:34,520 --> 00:35:38,120
So there's a lot there, but just
wanted to put that out there for

660
00:35:38,120 --> 00:35:42,000
you to riff on. 
Yeah, I, I think that that like,

661
00:35:42,240 --> 00:35:45,280
I love the phrase you said, like
internalize neoliberalism 

662
00:35:45,280 --> 00:35:48,000
because some of like the 
earliest conversations I've had 

663
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:51,600
about this, and admittedly 
because I'm a millennial, most 

664
00:35:51,600 --> 00:35:54,520
of my big ideas start by in 
complaining in some form online.

665
00:35:55,240 --> 00:35:57,680
So some of my earliest 
conversations about these ideas 

666
00:35:57,680 --> 00:36:00,920
have unfortunately been online 
in forums where nuance is not 

667
00:36:00,920 --> 00:36:03,000
appreciated and there is no room
for nuance. 

668
00:36:03,400 --> 00:36:05,640
And so like when I've come up 
with these sort of initial 

669
00:36:05,640 --> 00:36:07,720
claims or statements, right, 
people in me like, oh, you're an

670
00:36:07,720 --> 00:36:09,720
elitist. 
Like it's just design. 

671
00:36:09,720 --> 00:36:13,040
It's not that serious. 
Like, nobody's dying here. 

672
00:36:13,360 --> 00:36:19,400
You just want to like feel more 
like that, like elevated and you

673
00:36:19,400 --> 00:36:21,600
think design is just sort of 
worth more than it is like, 

674
00:36:21,640 --> 00:36:24,320
which is crazy because it's all 
of the same things that you just

675
00:36:24,320 --> 00:36:26,880
stated that like this sort of 
like internalized neoliberalism 

676
00:36:26,880 --> 00:36:29,120
sort of creates. 
So it's funny how it almost like

677
00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:32,640
circles back is like the weapon 
they also lob at people with a 

678
00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:35,920
differing opinion. 
But I I 100% agree. 

679
00:36:35,920 --> 00:36:40,400
Like it's it creates this 
situation where like we are sort

680
00:36:40,400 --> 00:36:42,320
of like, well, I I want to be 
creative and I want to be 

681
00:36:42,320 --> 00:36:45,520
special and I want to be unique.
And it's like, yeah, like all of

682
00:36:45,520 --> 00:36:47,680
us do. 
That's like a human desire and a

683
00:36:47,680 --> 00:36:50,080
human need, but also at the end 
of the day, like you are 

684
00:36:50,080 --> 00:36:52,840
providing a service to an 
industry, to a group of people 

685
00:36:53,120 --> 00:36:55,000
in a way that is no different 
than a plumber or an 

686
00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:58,160
electrician. 
And like what is good for all of

687
00:36:58,160 --> 00:37:00,320
us is also collectively good for
you. 

688
00:37:01,160 --> 00:37:04,360
And that also sort of brings me 
to this, this person you 

689
00:37:04,360 --> 00:37:07,120
encountered, I thankfully have 
never encountered anyone like 

690
00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:11,560
this in my time yet that sort of
had that that mentality. 

691
00:37:11,560 --> 00:37:16,520
I'm certain they're out there. 
I would hope that I would be 

692
00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:20,280
able to like suppress my sort of
disgust at what they just told 

693
00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:25,200
me enough to respond eloquently 
and be like, well, you know, the

694
00:37:25,200 --> 00:37:27,680
reality of your experience 
doesn't mean it's the reality of

695
00:37:27,680 --> 00:37:30,880
everyone's experience. 
And I think if you take even a 

696
00:37:30,880 --> 00:37:35,400
second to just look around at 
the industry, it sort of is a 

697
00:37:35,400 --> 00:37:38,360
clear illustrator of like, 
that's not the case. 

698
00:37:38,600 --> 00:37:41,520
Like just because you don't 
maybe need that doesn't mean 

699
00:37:41,520 --> 00:37:42,880
that other people don't need 
that. 

700
00:37:43,640 --> 00:37:46,280
And then I also think it's sort 
of begs the question of like, 

701
00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:52,160
what is that transference of 
credibility and power in an 

702
00:37:52,160 --> 00:37:55,480
industry look like, right. 
I think that there is a very, 

703
00:37:55,480 --> 00:38:00,240
very clear secession problem in 
the design industry. 

704
00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:03,080
I think that when you look 
around and you see the same 

705
00:38:03,080 --> 00:38:05,720
names that you've been hearing 
for probably your whole career, 

706
00:38:05,720 --> 00:38:08,280
cuz it's been my whole career 
always being the ones talked 

707
00:38:08,280 --> 00:38:11,000
about on stage, invited to be a 
speaker here, invited to be a 

708
00:38:11,000 --> 00:38:14,080
speaker there. 
And yet in my time as a 

709
00:38:14,080 --> 00:38:17,720
designer, I have seen other 
talent grow in bloom and bud and

710
00:38:17,720 --> 00:38:20,160
do amazing and great things and 
not given the same amount of 

711
00:38:20,160 --> 00:38:22,520
space and spotlight. 
It's evident that there's 

712
00:38:22,520 --> 00:38:25,200
clearly a secession problem in 
the design industry. 

713
00:38:25,200 --> 00:38:28,120
And whether that's the hooks of 
power, the hooks of 

714
00:38:28,120 --> 00:38:30,360
respectability, prestige, 
whatever it is, like there's 

715
00:38:30,360 --> 00:38:33,120
something there where you're 
right, there's a group of people

716
00:38:33,120 --> 00:38:35,880
that go that's beneath me. 
I don't have to worry about 

717
00:38:35,880 --> 00:38:37,800
that. 
And that's sort of like 

718
00:38:37,800 --> 00:38:40,920
individualism that's really, 
really inherent in American 

719
00:38:40,920 --> 00:38:43,600
Society, I think is sort of 
rearing its ugly head in those 

720
00:38:43,600 --> 00:38:46,680
moments. 
But I don't know. 

721
00:38:46,800 --> 00:38:48,760
I don't know how to. 
I don't know how to convince 

722
00:38:48,760 --> 00:38:53,600
that person without just being 
like, just go fuck yourself. 

723
00:38:54,320 --> 00:38:56,880
Like we don't need you. 
I mean, I think in the same way 

724
00:38:56,880 --> 00:38:59,160
that you don't need this, we 
also don't need you. 

725
00:39:00,520 --> 00:39:04,560
But I also recognize that that's
a little rough around the edges 

726
00:39:04,560 --> 00:39:08,280
for some. 
I think some of these, like 

727
00:39:08,440 --> 00:39:12,800
unions and like DSA and some of 
these other organizations that 

728
00:39:12,800 --> 00:39:15,960
you've mentioned before, like 
they see political education as 

729
00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:17,720
a big pillar of what they do, 
right? 

730
00:39:17,720 --> 00:39:20,320
And I'm not saying like we're 
indoctrinating the kids. 

731
00:39:20,320 --> 00:39:22,480
Like this is some like, 
Republican nightmare of what 

732
00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:25,880
university professors are doing.
But it's more like, OK, well, 

733
00:39:25,880 --> 00:39:29,440
like even within a union, like I
was a member of my union for 

734
00:39:29,440 --> 00:39:31,360
years. 
And it wasn't until actually I 

735
00:39:31,640 --> 00:39:35,280
invited some of them on a 
version of this podcast that 

736
00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:39,120
then they recruited me on one of
the contract campaigns, right? 

737
00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:41,240
And was like, I hadn't really 
thought about a lot of these 

738
00:39:41,240 --> 00:39:43,520
issues. 
You know, I used to depend on 

739
00:39:43,840 --> 00:39:47,520
adjuncting for my income and for
my health insurance, But now I 

740
00:39:47,520 --> 00:39:50,440
have a full time job at AIGA. 
But even though I don't depend 

741
00:39:50,440 --> 00:39:54,320
on it, I understand like the 
solidarity angle of this, right?

742
00:39:54,320 --> 00:39:57,000
And also the equity angle of 
this of like, you can't just 

743
00:39:57,000 --> 00:39:59,840
have people who are either 
independently wealthy or 

744
00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:04,040
successful teaching because you 
know, teaching is a craft and 

745
00:40:04,040 --> 00:40:05,440
you want to have different 
perspectives. 

746
00:40:05,440 --> 00:40:08,320
And also. 
And allow people to have some 

747
00:40:08,320 --> 00:40:11,280
sort of security to develop 
their craft of teaching. 

748
00:40:11,560 --> 00:40:14,960
But yeah, like soapbox aside, 
I'm not sure, you know, it's 

749
00:40:14,960 --> 00:40:16,920
like, how do you educate these 
people? 

750
00:40:16,920 --> 00:40:19,480
And maybe it's also a, a 
generational thing because we 

751
00:40:19,480 --> 00:40:23,440
see, we have, we have a 
generation where the system 

752
00:40:23,440 --> 00:40:26,000
doesn't work for them and they 
know it and they see it, right? 

753
00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:29,400
I'm, I'm an exennial. 
So it's like I benefited from 

754
00:40:29,400 --> 00:40:31,120
the tail end of some of these 
things. 

755
00:40:31,120 --> 00:40:34,840
I actually, I started college at
ASU where it was free for me 

756
00:40:34,840 --> 00:40:38,240
because I'm from Arizona and 
graduated, you know, in the top 

757
00:40:38,520 --> 00:40:40,880
5% of my class. 
And I have no idea what the 

758
00:40:40,880 --> 00:40:43,440
tuition is these days, but I bet
it's not free, right? 

759
00:40:45,520 --> 00:40:47,840
It's still very, very cheap for 
in state though, believe it or 

760
00:40:47,840 --> 00:40:50,920
not, like ASU has. 
I'm going to try not to get 

761
00:40:50,920 --> 00:40:53,240
myself fired. 
There are a lot of things ASU 

762
00:40:53,240 --> 00:40:56,320
does that make me angry as an 
educator, but there's also so 

763
00:40:56,320 --> 00:41:00,760
much that they do to advance 
equity and accessibility just to

764
00:41:00,760 --> 00:41:03,720
education in ways that I think 
is incredibly powerful. 

765
00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:08,120
But in a way that also is clear 
that the our institution is 

766
00:41:08,120 --> 00:41:11,160
recognizing that like Arizona's 
dead last in public education. 

767
00:41:11,240 --> 00:41:14,840
Like it's, it's a clear, like 
you can see that it's a clear 

768
00:41:14,840 --> 00:41:17,760
acknowledgement of like we're 
trying to help in the way that 

769
00:41:17,760 --> 00:41:21,320
our state is failing, which I I 
love about this institution. 

770
00:41:21,320 --> 00:41:24,160
It's some like it's a value 
alignment that I absolutely 

771
00:41:24,160 --> 00:41:27,880
adore and like would not be here
if not for those types of value 

772
00:41:27,880 --> 00:41:31,200
alignments. 
But you're right, they're we're 

773
00:41:31,920 --> 00:41:33,800
I think millennials are kind of 
the first generation. 

774
00:41:33,800 --> 00:41:36,520
It was like they were like here 
American Dream, just kidding, 

775
00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:38,000
right? 
And so we're Gen. 

776
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:39,680
Z. 
It was sort of like they grew up

777
00:41:39,680 --> 00:41:42,120
knowing like there really wasn't
one and that it wasn't there. 

778
00:41:42,480 --> 00:41:45,400
And I think that it sort of ties
back into what we were saying 

779
00:41:45,400 --> 00:41:50,000
earlier about like a job at UCDA
or your guys's job at AIGA, 

780
00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:51,920
right? 
It's like, here's this 

781
00:41:52,120 --> 00:41:55,720
generation of people that are 
very community minded. 

782
00:41:56,040 --> 00:41:58,680
And the irony like look at what 
they've done to celebrity 

783
00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:00,000
culture versus influence 
culture. 

784
00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:03,200
Like influence culture is a 
symptom of a desire for 

785
00:42:03,200 --> 00:42:05,760
community. 
But the reason that's the 

786
00:42:05,760 --> 00:42:08,120
outcome and not something 
stronger or something better, 

787
00:42:08,120 --> 00:42:11,560
like honest to God, good strong 
communities around our country 

788
00:42:11,800 --> 00:42:16,680
is because America has lost the 
ability to build community. 

789
00:42:16,920 --> 00:42:19,640
We don't know how to build 
strong communities anymore. 

790
00:42:19,640 --> 00:42:22,600
And this is a generation of 
people that want community. 

791
00:42:23,240 --> 00:42:26,840
If you look at the impacts that 
they've done on the economy, 

792
00:42:26,840 --> 00:42:29,320
from the way that they've 
changed what the sort of 

793
00:42:29,320 --> 00:42:33,680
marketing buyer cycle looks like
to them inventing influencer 

794
00:42:33,680 --> 00:42:38,880
culture to how insanely popular 
TikTok is, this is a group of 

795
00:42:38,880 --> 00:42:42,680
people that want connection 
above everything else. 

796
00:42:42,960 --> 00:42:45,160
And they recognize that they're 
lacking in it. 

797
00:42:45,480 --> 00:42:49,120
And so like, this is a, as you 
said, another historical moment 

798
00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:53,680
where like, we can strike while 
the iron's hot and we can really

799
00:42:53,680 --> 00:42:56,760
turn this into something that 
like, benefits not only us in 

800
00:42:56,760 --> 00:43:01,360
the last few decades of our own 
careers, but like our industry 

801
00:43:01,360 --> 00:43:04,280
for generations to come if we do
it right. 

802
00:43:04,760 --> 00:43:09,200
And I just hope to God we do 
something because my biggest 

803
00:43:09,200 --> 00:43:12,560
fear is that like, we'll do 
nothing and we will lose these 

804
00:43:12,560 --> 00:43:15,440
organizations in these 
institutions because this 

805
00:43:15,440 --> 00:43:18,880
generation in this mindset shift
will prove that these 

806
00:43:18,880 --> 00:43:22,160
institutions aren't necessary 
and that they're not needed. 

807
00:43:22,400 --> 00:43:25,240
Because when they had the 
opportunity to step up and do 

808
00:43:25,240 --> 00:43:27,520
the thing that we needed them to
do, they didn't. 

809
00:43:28,480 --> 00:43:30,360
And I know that, like, nothing 
lasts forever. 

810
00:43:30,360 --> 00:43:33,320
Nothing is permanent. 
But I also know that it's a hell

811
00:43:33,320 --> 00:43:36,080
of a lot easier to turn a ship 
around than it is to build a new

812
00:43:36,080 --> 00:43:38,440
one. 
Benji, thank you so much. 

813
00:43:38,440 --> 00:43:41,400
No, this is such a thoughtful or
fruitful conversation. 

814
00:43:41,400 --> 00:43:46,680
My, my, my brain is, is on fire.
I want to bring back the the 

815
00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:50,280
comment you brought in the 
beginning, but also now about 

816
00:43:51,200 --> 00:43:54,080
influencers and celebrity. 
So we know that younger 

817
00:43:54,080 --> 00:43:57,160
designers at the moment, they 
don't really have the same 

818
00:43:57,160 --> 00:44:00,640
relationship to celebrities that
previous generations had. 

819
00:44:01,120 --> 00:44:02,680
Yeah. 
They're basically basically not 

820
00:44:02,680 --> 00:44:05,280
really looking for a name on the
pedestal. 

821
00:44:05,680 --> 00:44:08,720
So what does it mean for 
organizations like ours, like 

822
00:44:08,720 --> 00:44:14,080
AIG, like UCDA, how we think 
about who to bring to the stage 

823
00:44:14,080 --> 00:44:19,280
or how to platform these folks? 
How how do you how do you go 

824
00:44:19,280 --> 00:44:21,400
about it? 
So from my experience and what 

825
00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:23,720
I've seen as an educator, and 
this is some of like the 

826
00:44:23,720 --> 00:44:26,800
strategy that I'm trying to 
bring to UCDA as we continue to 

827
00:44:26,800 --> 00:44:30,880
work forward, is that this 
generation, these students, 

828
00:44:30,880 --> 00:44:33,000
these people, these young 
designers, correct? 

829
00:44:33,080 --> 00:44:34,640
They have no relationship to 
celebrity. 

830
00:44:34,640 --> 00:44:37,120
They don't care about big names.
It's not going to sell tickets, 

831
00:44:37,480 --> 00:44:39,280
it's not going to get asses and 
seats. 

832
00:44:39,280 --> 00:44:40,680
It's not going to fill your 
event. 

833
00:44:41,440 --> 00:44:43,240
It just won't because it's not a
draw for them. 

834
00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:48,840
But what they do value is 
learning, community and 

835
00:44:48,840 --> 00:44:52,400
collaboration and Co creation. 
And So what we as institutions 

836
00:44:52,400 --> 00:44:56,200
and organizations need to do if 
we want to continue to platform 

837
00:44:56,640 --> 00:45:01,560
good design, both work outcomes 
and then the people behind them 

838
00:45:01,800 --> 00:45:07,680
is find ways to create spaces 
where these individuals, these 

839
00:45:07,680 --> 00:45:11,200
students, these young designers,
this generation can Co 

840
00:45:11,200 --> 00:45:16,400
collaborate, Co work, Co create,
but also Co support one another,

841
00:45:16,560 --> 00:45:19,320
right? 
And so it's no longer about, oh,

842
00:45:19,320 --> 00:45:22,080
we've got some big name coming 
in to give this really awesome, 

843
00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:24,880
great talk. 
Instead, it's, hey, we've got 

844
00:45:24,880 --> 00:45:28,280
this really great group of 
people and instead of standing 

845
00:45:28,280 --> 00:45:30,800
them on a stage and having them 
talk at you for 40 minutes, 

846
00:45:30,800 --> 00:45:33,520
instead they're gonna share with
you how they work together. 

847
00:45:33,520 --> 00:45:37,360
And they're gonna share with you
how they build community and how

848
00:45:37,360 --> 00:45:40,080
they work creatively, 
collaboratively, right? 

849
00:45:40,080 --> 00:45:41,960
Because those are the things 
that this generation cares 

850
00:45:41,960 --> 00:45:44,120
about. 
They wanna know how to work and 

851
00:45:44,120 --> 00:45:48,680
build and make together. 
And some person on a stage who's

852
00:45:48,680 --> 00:45:51,560
made more money than they could 
ever possibly imagine or think 

853
00:45:51,560 --> 00:45:55,760
that they could ever make isn't 
going to be able to connect with

854
00:45:55,760 --> 00:46:00,000
them in a way that someone who's
talking about the types of 

855
00:46:00,000 --> 00:46:03,400
experiences that they wanna 
have, or a group of people 

856
00:46:03,400 --> 00:46:05,040
talking about the types of 
experiences they wanna have 

857
00:46:05,040 --> 00:46:06,640
would absolutely connect with 
them. 

858
00:46:06,960 --> 00:46:09,120
Right? 
And it's sort of like a 

859
00:46:09,120 --> 00:46:11,000
shifting. 
It's like there's this phrase in

860
00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:14,480
academia for teaching. 
I heard it a couple times in my 

861
00:46:14,480 --> 00:46:16,320
own undergrad. 
I've heard it much more 

862
00:46:16,320 --> 00:46:19,440
frequently now as an educator 
plugged into like pedagogical 

863
00:46:19,440 --> 00:46:21,520
circles, which is this idea of 
like, you no longer want to be 

864
00:46:21,520 --> 00:46:23,800
the sage on a stage and you want
to be like the guide on the 

865
00:46:23,800 --> 00:46:26,040
side. 
It's sort of that same idea, 

866
00:46:26,240 --> 00:46:28,120
right? 
Like we need to think about 

867
00:46:28,160 --> 00:46:33,400
creating events and spaces where
we are bringing in guides who 

868
00:46:33,400 --> 00:46:39,960
can help guide and directly 
connect solutions to problems 

869
00:46:39,960 --> 00:46:45,320
that these people are having. 
And in that also mirror up their

870
00:46:45,320 --> 00:46:48,360
practice or in the, or the ways 
that they want their practice to

871
00:46:48,360 --> 00:46:50,240
work or their creative habits to
work. 

872
00:46:50,840 --> 00:46:53,560
Rather than thinking about like 
what sage can we sort of put on 

873
00:46:53,560 --> 00:46:57,800
that stage to sort of drive 
interest or prop something up? 

874
00:46:58,400 --> 00:47:01,640
And I've seen the value in that 
because you would be shocked at 

875
00:47:01,640 --> 00:47:05,480
the number of students I have 
who will recognize like there's 

876
00:47:05,480 --> 00:47:08,000
sort of a learning pathway in 
the program that doesn't exist. 

877
00:47:08,000 --> 00:47:10,560
Or maybe there's this area of 
special learning that doesn't 

878
00:47:10,560 --> 00:47:15,600
exist in the program and they 
will not blink or think twice 

879
00:47:15,600 --> 00:47:22,600
about spending $1000 on a 
workshop with this person online

880
00:47:22,720 --> 00:47:25,360
who's like, I'm basically going 
to teach you how to build these 

881
00:47:25,360 --> 00:47:27,520
things the way I build these 
things or the way I make these 

882
00:47:27,520 --> 00:47:29,920
things. 
So they're invested in, in like 

883
00:47:30,000 --> 00:47:32,040
expanding their knowledge and 
building their skill set. 

884
00:47:32,240 --> 00:47:34,920
But they're not, they don't want
to do it the same way that older

885
00:47:34,920 --> 00:47:38,400
generations have done it, right?
We they don't want to do it from

886
00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:41,560
the perspective of like sort of 
talk at me and I will sort of 

887
00:47:41,560 --> 00:47:43,880
put the pieces together and sort
of reverse engineer it. 

888
00:47:44,160 --> 00:47:47,400
They say I want you to stand 
next to me and guide me and show

889
00:47:47,400 --> 00:47:50,920
me. 
Yeah, that's great. 

890
00:47:51,800 --> 00:47:54,000
That's beautiful. 
I know we're not going to solve 

891
00:47:54,040 --> 00:47:58,200
all of these issues in an hour 
long podcast, but I did want to 

892
00:47:58,200 --> 00:48:01,360
circle back to one of the 
sobering statistics from earlier

893
00:48:01,360 --> 00:48:05,440
in our conversation about like 
the underemployed college 

894
00:48:05,440 --> 00:48:09,680
graduates even 10 years out and 
the Uber ification and the 

895
00:48:09,800 --> 00:48:12,880
freelancer fication of design in
particular. 

896
00:48:13,480 --> 00:48:16,400
One of the things I've been 
thinking about is how we start 

897
00:48:16,400 --> 00:48:20,640
to reframe design education as 
an entry point and that there 

898
00:48:20,640 --> 00:48:24,800
are certain that there can be 
multiple visions of success, 

899
00:48:24,800 --> 00:48:27,920
right? 
Like for some people, it could 

900
00:48:27,920 --> 00:48:30,760
mean like starting your own 
studio or becoming a partner at 

901
00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:34,400
Pentagram just as safer law 
school. 

902
00:48:34,400 --> 00:48:37,280
It means becoming a partner in a
white shoe law firm. 

903
00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:39,640
But also going to law school 
opens up, it's like a 

904
00:48:39,640 --> 00:48:43,080
prerequisite to becoming a 
politician in a lot of ways, 

905
00:48:43,080 --> 00:48:44,320
right? 
Or you could work in corporate 

906
00:48:44,320 --> 00:48:47,440
environments as a lawyer, you 
know, even if you don't pass the

907
00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:51,360
bar exam. 
But that law degree or that MBA 

908
00:48:51,360 --> 00:48:55,000
opens up a lot of other things. 
And it's not seen as like a 

909
00:48:55,000 --> 00:48:57,000
failure of not using your 
degree. 

910
00:48:57,160 --> 00:49:00,080
Whereas with designers, often 
it's like, oh, if you didn't, if

911
00:49:00,080 --> 00:49:02,320
you're not doing what you went 
to school for, it's seen as 

912
00:49:02,320 --> 00:49:04,960
like, oh, you, you know, wasted 
your degree. 

913
00:49:05,840 --> 00:49:09,720
Is that a kind of narrative that
you introduce when you talked to

914
00:49:09,720 --> 00:49:12,360
your students about this? 
Because, you know, they know the

915
00:49:12,360 --> 00:49:14,560
statistics, too, where you tell 
them the statistics. 

916
00:49:14,560 --> 00:49:18,760
So how do you, like, reframe a 
design education as like an 

917
00:49:18,760 --> 00:49:20,640
entry point? 
It's all sorts of other things. 

918
00:49:21,200 --> 00:49:24,120
Yeah, it's a really great 
question and I honestly don't 

919
00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:26,440
know that I'm even the best 
person to answer because I don't

920
00:49:26,440 --> 00:49:29,200
know that I do it well, which is
funny because I feel like I've 

921
00:49:29,200 --> 00:49:32,280
done a little bit of everything 
with using my design degree 

922
00:49:32,880 --> 00:49:35,560
because like I tell all my 
students like no one thinks the 

923
00:49:35,560 --> 00:49:37,960
way designer thinks. 
And like that's your superpower 

924
00:49:38,280 --> 00:49:41,120
is like learning how to think 
differently and see things 

925
00:49:41,120 --> 00:49:44,240
differently is sort of like 
where all of the everything that

926
00:49:44,240 --> 00:49:47,800
we do sort of comes from. 
And so like that's sort of like 

927
00:49:47,800 --> 00:49:50,440
the level of mastery that if you
can reach that, it can pretty 

928
00:49:50,440 --> 00:49:53,160
much lead you to anything. 
I think that even if the 

929
00:49:53,160 --> 00:49:56,560
industry, like we as working 
designers, as design educators 

930
00:49:57,160 --> 00:49:59,400
sit here and say, yes, we are 
absolutely prepared to have this

931
00:49:59,400 --> 00:50:02,000
conversation. 
I think that there's programs 

932
00:50:02,000 --> 00:50:04,840
out there that are sort of 
already framing it like that. 

933
00:50:05,360 --> 00:50:08,840
So I'll, I'll fall back on just 
a program I'm super familiar 

934
00:50:08,840 --> 00:50:12,080
with, but like Jen at, at, at 
VGSU right there. 

935
00:50:12,080 --> 00:50:15,080
That or that department's motto 
is sort of is graduating curious

936
00:50:15,080 --> 00:50:17,080
thinkers. 
Like that motto has nothing to 

937
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:19,200
do with design. 
They're teaching you how to be 

938
00:50:19,200 --> 00:50:20,520
curious. 
They're teaching you how to 

939
00:50:20,520 --> 00:50:24,160
think, how to problem solve, and
they do a really good job of 

940
00:50:24,160 --> 00:50:26,360
saying like, we're going to 
teach you how to visually 

941
00:50:26,360 --> 00:50:28,640
communicate and to think 
differently and be curious. 

942
00:50:28,640 --> 00:50:31,840
But there's a million in one 
pathways you can choose in which

943
00:50:31,840 --> 00:50:36,720
to actualize those skills. 
And so I think even if we as an 

944
00:50:36,720 --> 00:50:40,000
industry, as educators are 
ready, the reality is the 

945
00:50:40,000 --> 00:50:41,920
systems that surround us are 
not. 

946
00:50:42,360 --> 00:50:45,000
I think that that legislation in
Indiana where it's basically 

947
00:50:45,000 --> 00:50:48,040
saying like if the degree can't 
prove ROI, it's being cut is a 

948
00:50:48,040 --> 00:50:50,520
perfect example of the industry 
not being able to do that. 

949
00:50:50,920 --> 00:50:55,400
And when I try to think about or
visualize like what does a 

950
00:50:55,400 --> 00:51:00,200
future look like where we see 
this as being sort of a multi 

951
00:51:00,200 --> 00:51:03,880
pathway, a single door leading 
to multiple sort of entry like 

952
00:51:03,880 --> 00:51:06,480
endpoints or multiple hallways. 
I. 

953
00:51:07,120 --> 00:51:11,760
Really fail to like envision a 
version of this where it's like 

954
00:51:11,760 --> 00:51:15,960
good for everybody. 
Because when I look at it from 

955
00:51:15,960 --> 00:51:18,880
sort of like the tradesmen 
aspect that we've been talking 

956
00:51:18,880 --> 00:51:21,440
about that and thinking about it
as like a trade, right? 

957
00:51:22,680 --> 00:51:25,360
Immediately the answer to that 
becomes no, right? 

958
00:51:25,360 --> 00:51:28,160
Because no one's out here like 
training plumbers and saying 

959
00:51:28,360 --> 00:51:30,360
learning to be a plumber could 
lead you to all these other 

960
00:51:30,360 --> 00:51:32,840
things, right? 
Learning to be an architect can 

961
00:51:32,840 --> 00:51:33,960
lead you to all these other 
things. 

962
00:51:34,120 --> 00:51:36,880
And so I think that even for the
purposes of like some of what 

963
00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:40,960
we're advocating for like it 
becomes are arguably harder to 

964
00:51:40,960 --> 00:51:44,160
do that. 
But at the same time, I question

965
00:51:44,160 --> 00:51:46,240
like, is that necessarily a bad 
thing? 

966
00:51:46,240 --> 00:51:50,360
Because the truth is, and the 
reason I say the systems aren't 

967
00:51:50,360 --> 00:51:53,480
prepared for this is because the
left hand isn't talking to the 

968
00:51:53,480 --> 00:51:56,360
right hand or even know what 
they're doing since hands can't 

969
00:51:56,360 --> 00:51:57,760
talk. 
That was a terrible metaphor. 

970
00:51:58,520 --> 00:52:02,280
But like I look at the rest of 
those statistics, right, about 

971
00:52:02,280 --> 00:52:06,960
how the design market is 
expected to grow by 2% in the 

972
00:52:06,960 --> 00:52:09,440
next 5 years. 
But I have a mandate from my 

973
00:52:09,440 --> 00:52:11,440
institution that we're supposed 
to grow our enrollment and 

974
00:52:11,440 --> 00:52:15,120
graduation rates in that same 
time frame double 100%. 

975
00:52:15,440 --> 00:52:18,160
So and that's one institution. 
And I can't imagine that we're 

976
00:52:18,160 --> 00:52:19,760
not. 
We're the only institution in 

977
00:52:19,760 --> 00:52:21,800
the country that's saying like 
you need to up your enrollment 

978
00:52:21,800 --> 00:52:25,680
in your graduation rates. 
So you want me graduating 100% 

979
00:52:25,680 --> 00:52:28,680
more students in the same time 
frame that this market is going 

980
00:52:28,680 --> 00:52:32,040
to grow by 2%? 
And there's a fewer 18 year olds

981
00:52:32,120 --> 00:52:33,320
right because of the 
demographic. 

982
00:52:33,320 --> 00:52:35,560
And there's fewer 18 year olds 
because no one's having kids. 

983
00:52:35,800 --> 00:52:39,120
And then on like that's a, 
that's a 98% disparity 

984
00:52:39,120 --> 00:52:43,200
difference on top of the fact 
that 60% of the industry is 

985
00:52:43,200 --> 00:52:45,040
doing 90% of the industry's 
work. 

986
00:52:45,040 --> 00:52:50,480
If those 90% and 60% claims are 
like directional, right, So 

987
00:52:50,480 --> 00:52:53,480
you've got 90% of the industry's
work being done by about half of

988
00:52:53,480 --> 00:52:56,360
the people in the industry. 
The rest are we assume are 

989
00:52:56,360 --> 00:52:59,440
unemployed and you want me to 
double the amount of people that

990
00:52:59,440 --> 00:53:03,120
I'm throwing into that system. 
That then becomes the question 

991
00:53:03,120 --> 00:53:07,120
like really the only way to show
to truly grow a program would be

992
00:53:07,120 --> 00:53:12,800
to, as you say, show the ways in
which this can be a multi ending

993
00:53:12,800 --> 00:53:17,400
sort of degree field. 
So that we understand that like 

994
00:53:17,960 --> 00:53:20,400
being an actual designer working
in design isn't the only 

995
00:53:20,400 --> 00:53:22,320
outcome. 
But there's a couple problems 

996
00:53:22,320 --> 00:53:24,920
with that, right? 
One is if we're pushing for 

997
00:53:24,920 --> 00:53:28,120
certification in some way, shape
or form, that adds another 

998
00:53:28,120 --> 00:53:30,600
barrier, right? 
But then also when we look at 

999
00:53:30,600 --> 00:53:35,120
other examples of degrees and 
programs that are often times 

1000
00:53:35,120 --> 00:53:39,160
seen as a pathway or a moment of
pivot, like an MBA, I hear often

1001
00:53:39,160 --> 00:53:41,360
Times Now, particularly in 
academic circles, which is 

1002
00:53:41,360 --> 00:53:43,640
surprising. 
And MD MB A is useless and you 

1003
00:53:43,640 --> 00:53:45,800
shouldn't get one because 
they're a dime a dozen. 

1004
00:53:45,880 --> 00:53:48,880
Anyone can go get an MBA. 
So is it really serving you to 

1005
00:53:48,880 --> 00:53:51,840
help you get to whatever sort of
additional new pathway that 

1006
00:53:51,840 --> 00:53:53,280
you're that you're trying to get
to? 

1007
00:53:53,600 --> 00:53:58,920
And I would, I tend to feel like
I fall a little pessimistic and,

1008
00:53:58,920 --> 00:54:01,360
and look at sort of the 
homogenization of everything and

1009
00:54:01,360 --> 00:54:04,440
say, no, like that's not a 
viable path. 

1010
00:54:04,440 --> 00:54:08,000
It's not a viable future as long
as the systems that are 

1011
00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:10,520
surrounding education, 
surrounding our market, 

1012
00:54:10,720 --> 00:54:13,160
surrounding the work that we do 
don't also shift. 

1013
00:54:13,680 --> 00:54:16,440
And it's so it sort of comes 
back to that systemic problem of

1014
00:54:16,440 --> 00:54:22,880
like, we can't fix this by 
focusing on the symptoms because

1015
00:54:23,040 --> 00:54:25,440
symptom management isn't going 
to lead us to a heart 

1016
00:54:25,440 --> 00:54:27,960
transplant. 
And what our industry needs is a

1017
00:54:27,960 --> 00:54:30,360
heart transplant. 
We need to change at the heart 

1018
00:54:30,360 --> 00:54:33,600
of us how we view what we do and
why we're doing it. 

1019
00:54:33,880 --> 00:54:36,640
And I think that also goes back 
into that artist neoliberal 

1020
00:54:36,640 --> 00:54:39,480
mentality of like, oh, we just 
want everyone to learn design 

1021
00:54:39,480 --> 00:54:42,120
because it's feel good and it's 
creative and like let people 

1022
00:54:42,120 --> 00:54:45,160
pick fun colors and be creative 
problem solvers and thinkers. 

1023
00:54:45,640 --> 00:54:48,880
But at the end of the day, every
designer we're turning out that 

1024
00:54:48,880 --> 00:54:52,000
can't get a job is US devaluing 
our work. 

1025
00:54:52,000 --> 00:54:57,720
It's us devaluing our industry. 
We're contributing to all of the

1026
00:54:57,720 --> 00:54:59,320
problems that are hurting all of
us. 

1027
00:54:59,320 --> 00:55:04,360
So I think you spoke a lot about
education, so I'm not sure if 

1028
00:55:04,360 --> 00:55:08,160
that's going to be your answer. 
But if you could redesign one 

1029
00:55:08,160 --> 00:55:13,360
product, one service, or one 
space from scratch, what would 

1030
00:55:13,360 --> 00:55:17,760
you choose and what would? 
I'm going to talk about 

1031
00:55:17,760 --> 00:55:18,560
education. 
Sorry. 

1032
00:55:18,560 --> 00:55:22,360
I thought about this one deeply 
because there are places where 

1033
00:55:22,360 --> 00:55:24,400
there certainly are like 
products or services that I 

1034
00:55:24,400 --> 00:55:25,720
would love to change from 
scratch. 

1035
00:55:25,720 --> 00:55:29,800
But like, and ultimately I sort 
of was torn between education 

1036
00:55:29,800 --> 00:55:32,920
and social media because I think
they're both just so central to 

1037
00:55:32,920 --> 00:55:36,040
most every sort of social and 
class issue we're currently 

1038
00:55:36,040 --> 00:55:39,880
facing at the moment. 
But I've, I've been so invested 

1039
00:55:39,880 --> 00:55:43,160
in education even since I was an
undergrad that it just sort of 

1040
00:55:43,160 --> 00:55:45,760
feels like appropriate to double
down and just say, of course 

1041
00:55:45,760 --> 00:55:48,960
education, right? 
And I'm going to talk in really 

1042
00:55:48,960 --> 00:55:51,240
broad strokes here. 
And I'm going to talk about this

1043
00:55:51,240 --> 00:55:54,600
from K12 up because it's like 
the changes I want to see are 

1044
00:55:54,600 --> 00:55:57,040
huge. 
They're sweeping and I'll 

1045
00:55:57,160 --> 00:56:00,360
probably make some people mad, 
but it's fine immediately. 

1046
00:56:00,360 --> 00:56:03,080
I would do it away with every 
major systemic choice that has 

1047
00:56:03,080 --> 00:56:05,200
led to a lot of the problems 
that we currently have in our 

1048
00:56:05,200 --> 00:56:06,720
education system and that we're 
facing. 

1049
00:56:06,720 --> 00:56:10,360
So that means like no voucher 
schools, no charter schools. 

1050
00:56:11,040 --> 00:56:15,240
Funding for schools wouldn't be 
tied to property values, no one 

1051
00:56:15,240 --> 00:56:18,080
without proper career or 
academic credentials would be a 

1052
00:56:18,080 --> 00:56:20,040
lot to serve as Secretary of 
education. 

1053
00:56:21,080 --> 00:56:24,800
And like. 
Ultimately, my end goal would be

1054
00:56:25,080 --> 00:56:29,960
I want to completely change the 
outcomes of what our current 

1055
00:56:29,960 --> 00:56:33,960
system is doing and prioritize 
critical thinking and problem 

1056
00:56:33,960 --> 00:56:37,480
solving skills and making higher
education more affordable. 

1057
00:56:37,480 --> 00:56:39,960
And I think that the way that we
do that is we make the quality 

1058
00:56:40,360 --> 00:56:43,520
of K through 12 education more 
consistent and not dependent on 

1059
00:56:43,520 --> 00:56:46,240
what zip code you live in or the
tax bracket that your neighbors 

1060
00:56:46,240 --> 00:56:49,120
happen to be in. 
So it's big stuff, but it's like

1061
00:56:49,120 --> 00:56:52,600
fundamental stuff because it's 
the sort of the fundamentals 

1062
00:56:52,600 --> 00:56:55,880
that got broken along the way. 
And I think the past couple of 

1063
00:56:55,880 --> 00:57:00,760
decades, starting with No Child 
Left Behind and just has sort of

1064
00:57:00,760 --> 00:57:04,680
gotten worse since then. 
And being an educator, I can see

1065
00:57:04,680 --> 00:57:07,840
the ramifications of that. 
Like I see the number of 

1066
00:57:07,840 --> 00:57:11,560
students we get into first year 
programs that aren't prepared 

1067
00:57:11,560 --> 00:57:14,640
for college, that don't have 
college level preparation skills

1068
00:57:15,520 --> 00:57:20,880
that, you know, sort of don't 
even know how to sort of do the 

1069
00:57:20,880 --> 00:57:25,520
basic time management, self 
management things that anyone 

1070
00:57:25,520 --> 00:57:27,680
coming into college would need 
to have and to do. 

1071
00:57:27,920 --> 00:57:31,000
And it's because the space that 
we've typically learned those 

1072
00:57:31,000 --> 00:57:35,560
things both in home and in K 
through 12 education have been 

1073
00:57:35,560 --> 00:57:40,080
sort of stripped of their 
ability to teach those things in

1074
00:57:40,080 --> 00:57:47,080
favor of standardization that 
has regularly weakened outcomes 

1075
00:57:47,280 --> 00:57:50,320
for the learner. 
So that that's what I would 

1076
00:57:50,320 --> 00:57:52,200
pick. 
Great. 

1077
00:57:52,200 --> 00:57:57,600
I love it and to as we start to 
wrap up, what's something that 

1078
00:57:57,600 --> 00:57:59,640
is has been inspiring you 
lately? 

1079
00:57:59,640 --> 00:58:04,800
That could be a book, a film, a 
show, an exhibition, or a new 

1080
00:58:04,800 --> 00:58:08,520
album, anything that you're. 
Yeah, I'm an audiophile, so 

1081
00:58:08,520 --> 00:58:11,720
almost always it's music. 
I'm not big on representative 

1082
00:58:11,720 --> 00:58:14,760
media, so I don't really often 
get hooked on things or watch a 

1083
00:58:14,760 --> 00:58:17,800
lot of TV or movies. 
But when I do get hooked, I get 

1084
00:58:17,800 --> 00:58:20,200
hooked hard. 
And heated Rivalry is just 

1085
00:58:20,200 --> 00:58:24,400
really good. 
I don't know if anyone listening

1086
00:58:24,400 --> 00:58:26,560
has seen or heard. 
I can't imagine you haven't 

1087
00:58:26,560 --> 00:58:29,040
heard of it, at least. 
But there's just something so 

1088
00:58:29,040 --> 00:58:31,640
magical about queer stories that
have happy endings. 

1089
00:58:31,640 --> 00:58:34,680
Like I think the director Jacob 
Tierney does such a great job of

1090
00:58:34,680 --> 00:58:38,560
saying, like we as queer people 
have enough sad stories with sad

1091
00:58:38,560 --> 00:58:41,720
endings like, and this is a 
happy 1 and that so it just, 

1092
00:58:41,920 --> 00:58:44,840
it's so good for like my 
creative soul to like see 

1093
00:58:44,840 --> 00:58:48,400
happiness and see joy. 
But then also as someone who's 

1094
00:58:48,400 --> 00:58:51,360
late in life, diagnosed as 
multiple types of 

1095
00:58:51,360 --> 00:58:55,320
neurodivergence, seeing such 
like nuanced representation, 

1096
00:58:55,320 --> 00:58:57,720
neuro divergent on screen has 
been healing in a way that I 

1097
00:58:57,720 --> 00:59:00,160
didn't expect. 
And that's really been sort of 

1098
00:59:00,160 --> 00:59:03,760
fueling like sort of a creative 
healing rather than a creative 

1099
00:59:03,760 --> 00:59:06,600
inspiration. 
But on the inspirational side, I

1100
00:59:06,600 --> 00:59:10,040
lead a study abroad program in 
France every year. 

1101
00:59:10,280 --> 00:59:12,320
I took French in high school. 
And so just being able to 

1102
00:59:12,320 --> 00:59:14,760
reconnect with French culture, 
but also relearning the 

1103
00:59:14,760 --> 00:59:17,760
language, so I've been taking 
like intensive language classes 

1104
00:59:17,760 --> 00:59:20,680
on campus has been just been 
super inspirational for me. 

1105
00:59:20,680 --> 00:59:24,320
Like there's just something so 
beautiful about French culture, 

1106
00:59:24,320 --> 00:59:26,040
particularly the language that I
really enjoy. 

1107
00:59:26,040 --> 00:59:29,160
And it's been really helpful to 
sort of reconnect with a culture

1108
00:59:29,160 --> 00:59:32,400
that I've just always admired. 
I love it. 

1109
00:59:32,400 --> 00:59:37,960
Thank you so much, Benji, if you
share with us and our listeners 

1110
00:59:37,960 --> 00:59:41,720
where they can find you to 
follow your work now. 

1111
00:59:42,000 --> 00:59:45,400
Yeah, I'm just about to actually
launch my new design practice. 

1112
00:59:45,400 --> 00:59:46,760
It's been three years in the 
making. 

1113
00:59:47,280 --> 00:59:49,040
So I've got an Instagram shell 
set up. 

1114
00:59:49,040 --> 00:59:51,280
So if you want to follow me sort
of professionally, you can 

1115
00:59:51,280 --> 00:59:53,240
follow me on Instagram at 
critical form. 

1116
00:59:53,880 --> 00:59:55,680
There's nothing on there yet, 
It's just a placeholder. 

1117
00:59:55,680 --> 00:59:59,320
Or you can follow my personal 
Instagram at Benji Wilhelm if 

1118
00:59:59,320 --> 01:00:01,800
you prefer that sort of 
separation between work and 

1119
01:00:01,800 --> 01:00:04,160
personal. 
But then on Threads I'm trying a

1120
01:00:04,160 --> 01:00:08,000
less siloed approach. 
Also at Benji Wilhelm, where I 

1121
01:00:08,000 --> 01:00:10,760
talk mostly design, education, 
and technology. 

1122
01:00:11,000 --> 01:00:13,920
And as a true millennial, 
whatever random thing pops into 

1123
01:00:13,920 --> 01:00:16,440
my head that I feel is great to 
complain about on the Internet 

1124
01:00:16,440 --> 01:00:18,400
for the day. 
Fantastic, Benji, thank you so 

1125
01:00:18,400 --> 01:00:22,520
much for spending the hour with 
us and trying to diagnose some 

1126
01:00:22,520 --> 01:00:26,720
of these complex systemic issues
in design education and the 

1127
01:00:26,720 --> 01:00:30,160
design profession in general. 
So I feel like we could do a 

1128
01:00:30,160 --> 01:00:32,760
whole series on this, but 
hopefully we can continue the 

1129
01:00:32,760 --> 01:00:36,360
conversation in other forum. 
Thank you so much for having me.

1130
01:00:36,360 --> 01:00:37,720
It's been so great to talk to 
you. 

1131
01:00:37,760 --> 01:00:41,200
I unfortunately don't come to 
the table with the solution. 

1132
01:00:41,480 --> 01:00:43,120
The problem is bigger than I can
solve. 

1133
01:00:43,120 --> 01:00:45,960
But I'm hoping that saying, hey,
look at this giant elephant 

1134
01:00:45,960 --> 01:00:47,600
that's in the room. 
Can we start talking about this 

1135
01:00:48,040 --> 01:00:52,640
leads to discussions where, to 
your point, we continue those 

1136
01:00:52,680 --> 01:00:57,120
conversations and start to maybe
solve some of these problems for

1137
01:00:57,240 --> 01:01:00,960
the betterment of all of us. 
Yeah, we'd love to know what our

1138
01:01:00,960 --> 01:01:03,720
listeners or viewers, if you're 
watching us on YouTube, think, 

1139
01:01:03,720 --> 01:01:07,640
so feel free to send us an 
e-mail podcast@aiga.org. 

1140
01:01:07,800 --> 01:01:10,520
We also like voicemails or just 
leave something in the comments 

1141
01:01:10,760 --> 01:01:12,440
and we'd love to continue the 
conversation. 

1142
01:01:12,440 --> 01:01:14,760
Otherwise, we will see you in a 
future episode. 

1143
01:01:15,000 --> 01:01:15,760
Bye everyone.
